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[[Image:Lindsaylohan128Nathaniel_Hawthorne_old.jpg|thumbnailthumb|right|Lindsay180px|Nathaniel LohanHawthorne publicityin still,the c. 2004.1860s]]
'''Nathaniel Hawthorne''' ([[July 4]], [[1804]] – [[May 19]], [[1864]]) was a [[19th century]] [[United States|American]] [[the novel|novelist]] and [[short story]] writer. He is seen as a key figure in the development of [[American literature]].
''' Lindsay Morgan Lohan''' (born [[July 2]], [[1986]]) is an [[United States|American]] [[actor|actress]] and [[singer]] of [[Italian]] and [[Irish]] heritage. Lohan was born in [[New York City]] and raised in [[Cold Spring Harbor, New York|Cold Spring Harbor]]. By [[2004]], her primary home was in [[Beverly Hills, California|Beverly Hills]].
==Television==
==Biography==
Lindsay Lohan began her [[career]] as a [[model (person)|model]] for the [[Ford Academy]] at the age of three and has appeared in more than sixty [[television commercial]]s. As a [[child]] [[actor|actress]], she was a regular on [[soap opera]]s such as ''[[Guiding Light|The Guiding Light]]'' and ''[[As The World Turns]]'', then spent several months as "Allison ('Alli') Fowler" on ''[[Another World (TV series)|Another World]]'', only to give up the show for her first [[film|motion picture]] role. Lohan also appeared on ''Healthy Kids'', a children's health show, along with Dina Lohan, her mother and business manager. As a teen, Lohan starred in two [[Disney Channel]] original movies, ''[[Life-Size (movie)|Life-Size]]'' and ''[[Get a Clue]]''. She also played Bette Midler's daughter in the first episode of the short-lived series ''Bette'' before bowing out when the production moved from her native [[New York]] to [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]].
He was born in [[Salem, Massachusetts]], where his [[Nathaniel Hawthorne Birthplace|birthplace]] is now a house museum, and died in [[Plymouth, New Hampshire]]. Hawthorne's father was a sea captain and descendant of [[John Hathorne]], one of the judges who oversaw the [[Salem Witch Trials]]. Hawthorne's father died at sea in 1808 of [[yellow fever]], when Hawthorne was only four years old, and Nathaniel was raised secluded from the world by his mother.
Hawthorne attended [[Bowdoin College]] in [[Maine]] from 1821–1824, befriending classmates [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]] and future president [[Franklin Pierce]]. Until the publication of his [[Twice-Told Tales]] in 1837, Hawthorne wrote in the comparative obscurity of what he called his "owl's nest" in the family home. As he looked back on this period of his life, he wrote: "I have not lived, but only dreamed about living" [letter to Longfellow, June 4, 1837]. And yet it was this period of brooding and writing that had formed, as [[Malcolm Cowley]] was to describe it, "the central fact in Hawthorne's career," his "term of apprenticeship" that would eventually result in the "richly meditated fiction."
In [[2003]], Lohan was [[Punk'd]] by [[Ashton Kutcher]]. Kutcher played a [[practical joke]] on Lohan, making her believe a [[vehicle]] had been stolen. (It was later revealed that the frustrated "[[limousine]] [[driving|driver]]" who "missed" the [[birth]] of his child was really an actor.)
Hawthorne was hired in 1839 as a weigher and gauger at the [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] Custom House. He had become engaged in the previous year to the [[illustrator]] and [[Transcendentalism|transcendentalist]] [[Sophia Peabody]]. Seeking a possible home for himself and Sophia, he joined the transcendentalist [[utopian]] community at [[Brook Farm]] in 1841; later that year, however, he left when he became dissatisfied with the experiment. (His Brook Farm adventure would prove an inspiration for his novel, [[The Blithedale Romance]].) He married Sophia in 1842; they moved to [[The Old Manse]] in [[Concord, Massachusetts]], where they lived for three years. Hawthorne and his wife then moved to [[The Wayside]], previously a home of the Alcotts. Their neighbors in Concord included [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]] and [[Henry David Thoreau]].
On [[November 8]], [[2004]], Lindsay made a much-publicized cameo appearance on ''[[That '70s Show]]'' in an episode entitled [http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2004-11-08-lohan-70s-show_x.htm ''Mother's Little Helper'']. Lohan played "Danielle" opposite Kutcher ("Kelso") and then-boyfriend [[Wilmer Valderrama]] ("Fez").
[[Image:Nathaniel Hawthorne - Project Gutenberg eText 15161.jpg|thumbnail|left|180px|Nathaniel Hawthorne illustrated in an 1870 publication]]
Lohan has hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' twice.
Like Hawthorne, Sophia was a reclusive person. She was, in fact, bedridden with headaches until her sister introduced her to Hawthorne, after which her headaches seem to have abated. The Hawthornes enjoyed a long marriage, and Sophia was greatly enamored of her husband's work. In one of her journals, she writes: "I am always so dazzled and bewildered with the richness, the depth, the... jewels of beauty in his productions that I am always looking forward to a second reading where I can ponder and muse and fully take in the miraculous wealth of thoughts" [Jan 14th 1851, Journal of Sophia Hawthorne. Berg Collection NY Public Library].
==Film==
Lohan debuted on the big screen in [[1998 in film|1998]], reprising [[Hayley Mills]]' role in [[The Walt Disney Company]]'s remake of the [[1961 in film|1961]] movie ''[[The Parent Trap]]''. Lohan, as had Mills, [[acting|played]] twin sisters who conspire to reunite their estranged parents. The film, co-starring [[Dennis Quaid]] and [[Natasha Richardson]], introduced Lohan to a wider audience.
In 1846 Hawthorne was appointed surveyor (determining the quantity and value of imported goods) at the Salem Custom House. Like his earlier appointment to the custom house in Boston, this employment was vulnerable to the politics of the [[spoils system]]. When Hawthorne later wrote [[The Scarlet Letter]], he included a long introductory essay depicting his time at the Salem Custom House. He lost this job due to the change of administration in Washington after the presidential election of 1848. In 1852 he wrote the [[campaign biography]] of his old friend, Franklin Pierce. With Pierce's election as president, Hawthorne was rewarded in 1853 with the position of United States consul in [[Liverpool]]. In 1857 he resigned from this post and did some traveling in France and Italy. He and his family returned to The Wayside in 1860. Failing health began to prevent him from completing new writings. Hawthorne died in his sleep on [[May 19]], [[1864]] in Plymouth, N.H. while on a tour of the White Mountains with Pierce.
Her next feature film, another remake, but of the [[1976 in film|1976]] classic ''[[Freaky Friday]]'', would come five years later in the summer of [[2003 in film|2003]]. She received [[supporting actor|second billing]], playing Anna Coleman, daughter of Tess Coleman, played by [[Jamie Lee Curtis]]. In [[2004 in film|2004]], Lohan was given her first [[star vehicles]] in two films, Disney's ''[[Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen]]'' (Disney's first non-remake involving Lohan) and [[Paramount]]'s ''[[Mean Girls]]''. ''Drama Queen'' received mixed reviews from critics, but was able to gross US$ 29 million domestically and was profitable, but not a major success. ''Mean Girls'' is widely considered Lohan's breakout film role. The film was a hit with both critics and audiences, and made Lohan a bankable actress when it grossed over US$86 million domestically on little more than Lohan's name and a script by [[Tina Fey]]. ''Mean Girls'' was also Lohan's first film to receive a [[PG-13]] rating, as all of her previous films were G or PG rated family-oriented films.
Nathaniel and Sophia Hawthorne had three children: Una, Julian, and Rose. Una suffered from mental illness and died young. Julian moved out west and wrote a book about his father. Rose converted to Roman Catholicism and took her vows as a Dominican nun. She founded [http://www.hawthorne-dominicans.org/found.htm a religious order] to care for victims of cancer.
Lohan's latest movie is ''[[Herbie: Fully Loaded]]'', the fifth film in the ''Herbie'' series (the last installment was ''[[Herbie Goes Bananas]]'' ([[1980 in film|1980]])), co-starring [[Michael Keaton]], [[Matt Dillon]] and [[Breckin Meyer]]. For the [[Walt Disney]] film, it was reported that Lohan's [[breast|breasts]] had to be "digitally reduced" so that family audiences would not be offended. The film's director, Angela Robinson, and Lohan both [http://www.suntimes.com/output/movies/cst-ftr-lohan09.html strongly deny the rumor].
==Writings==
Lohan's next film, ''[[Just My Luck]]'', is set for release in 2005. She is currently working on ''[[A Prairie Home Companion]]'' (due out in [[2006]]). ''[[Fashionistas]]'' and a project with [[Nick Cannon]] also are in development.
Hawthorne is best-known today for his many [[short story|short stories]] (he called them "tales") and his four major [[romance (genre)|romances]] of 1850–60: ''[[The Scarlet Letter]]'' (1850), ''[[The House of the Seven Gables]]'' (1851), ''[[The Blithedale Romance]]'' (1852), and ''[[The Marble Faun]]'' (1860). (Another book-length romance, ''[[Fanshawe (novel)|Fanshawe]]'', was published anonymously in 1828.)
Before publishing his first collection of tales in 1837, Hawthorne wrote scores of [[short story|short stories]] and sketches, publishing them anonymously or [[pseudonym|pseudonymously]] in periodicals such as ''The New-England Magazine'' and ''The United States Democratic Review''. Only after collecting a number of his short stories into the two-volume ''[[Twice-Told Tales]]'' in 1837 did Hawthorne begin to attach his name to his works.
==Music==
Much of Hawthorne's work is set in colonial [[New England]], and many of his short stories have been read as moral [[allegory|allegories]] influenced by his [[Puritan]] background. "Ethan Brand" (1850) tells the story of a lime-burner who sets off to find the Unpardonable Sin, and in doing so, commits it. One of Hawthorne's most famous tales, "[[The Birth-Mark]]" (1843), concerns a young doctor who removes a birthmark from his wife's face, an operation which kills her. Other well-known tales include "[[Rappaccini's Daughter]]" (1844), "[[My Kinsman, Major Molineux]]" (1832), "[[The Minister's Black Veil]]" (1836), and "[[Young Goodman Brown]]" (1835). "The Maypole of [[Merrymount]]" recounts a most interesting encounter between the Puritans and the forces of anarchy and hedonism.
Lohan is currently pursuing a [[pop music]] career concurrent with her career in films, and performed the song ''Ultimate'' (written by Jeff Coplan and Robert Ellis Orrall) in ''Freaky Friday''. In [[2002 in music|2002]], she signed a five-album production deal with [[Emilio Estefan]], one of the most respected [[producer|producers]] in the [[music industry]]. In [[2004 in music|2004]], Lohan signed a recording contract with [[Casablanca Records]]. Her album, ''[[Speak (album)|Speak]]'', was issued on [[December 7]], 2004, and reached #4 on the [[Billboard magazine|Billboard]] Top 200 Album chart. The first single off the album was ''Rumors'', followed by ''Over'', then ''First''. ''Rumors'' reached the number one spot on [[MTV]]'s [[TRL]].
Recent criticism has focused on Hawthorne's narrative voice, treating it as a self-conscious [[rhetoric|rhetorical]] construction, not to be conflated with Hawthorne's own voice. Such an approach complicates the long-dominant tradition of regarding Hawthorne as a gloomy, guilt-ridden [[moralist]].
==In the media spotlight==
Hawthorne enjoyed a brief friendship with [[United States|American]] [[novelist]] [[Herman Melville]] beginning on [[August 5]] [[1850]], when the two authors met at a picnic hosted by a mutual friend. Melville had just read Hawthorne's short story collection ''[[Mosses from an Old Manse]]'', which Melville later praised in a famous review, "Hawthorne and His Mosses." Melville's letters to Hawthorne provide insight into the composition of ''[[Moby-Dick]],'' which Melville dedicated to Hawthorne, 'in appreciation for his genius.' Hawthorne's letters to Melville did not survive.
[[Image:Lohanposing.JPG|thumb|right|Lindsay Sitting (Vanity Fair Magazine photoshoot © 2004 Vanity Fair)]]
[[Edgar Allan Poe]] wrote important, though largely unflattering reviews of both ''Twice-Told Tales'' and ''Mosses from an Old Manse''.
According to news reports, there is some animosity between Lohan and [[Hilary Duff]], both having previously dated singer [[Aaron Carter]]. At the ''[[Cheaper by the Dozen (2003)|Cheaper by the Dozen]]'' movie (in which Duff co-starred) premiere party, Duff and her mother allegedly tried to have Lohan thrown out (to no avail).
==See also==
Lohan dated actor [[Wilmer Valderrama]] in 2004 and their breakup made [[tabloid]] headlines. The tabloids have linked her to everyone from [[Bruce Willis]] to [[Jake Gyllenhall]]. The entertainment media also portray her as a "party girl" who spends too much time at clubs with friends [[Paris Hilton]], [[Nicole Richie]], [[Nicky Hilton]], [[Kimberly Stewart]], and [[Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen]], which she denies.
* ''[[The Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told Tales]]''
The tabloids targeted Lohan again in [[2005]] when she exhibited some dramatic [[weight loss]], speculating that an [[eating disorder]] or [[drug|drugs]] may be involved. She told [[People (magazine)|People]] Magazine, "I got a trainer ... Just old-school working out." Lohan says there is pressure to stay thin in [[Hollywood, California|Hollywood]], "(e)specially when you lose a lot of weight and then people are telling you, 'You look great!' You (ask), 'So... did I look [[fat]] before?'"
==Personal life==
Lindsay's [[family name]] was originally pronounced LOW-han but, by 2005, the actress and her mother seemed to settle on LOW-en, suggesting a return to its [[Europe|European]] roots.
Shortly after an apparent [[digital photography|digital photograph]] of her [[California]] [[driver's license|Driver's License]] was released on the [[Internet]] (after her card case was misplaced or stolen from a [[New York]] [[nightclub]] in 2004), Lindsay was asked her [[middle name]] by an [[audience]] member on the [[cable television]] show [http://www.nick.com/all_nick/specials/teenick/ ''TEENick'']. She answered that it was originally (and, apparently, still is legally) Dee, but she later changed it to Morgan.
Lohan is involved in charity projects such as The Carol M. Baldwin [[Breast Cancer]] Foundation, [[Save the Children]], The United [[Cerebral Palsy]] Association, and her own charity organization, Dream Come True.
Lohan has three younger siblings, Michael, Aliana ("Ali") and Dakota ("Cody"). Aliana is an aspiring [[model]] and [[actor|actress]].
Lohan's father, [[Michael Lohan]], has had multiple problems with the [[criminal law|law]]. In [http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory?id=798625&CMP=OTC-RSSFeeds0312 May of 2005], he was ordered to serve 1½ to 4 years in [[prison]] after pleading guilty to several charges, including aggravated [[license|unlicensed]] driving, attempted [[assault]], and failure to pay a [[hotel]] [[Bill (payment)|bill]]. Michael Lohan begged for long-term [[alcohol]] [[rehabilitation]], but was denied. He admitted to a drinking problem, saying he was being kept away from his children, but failed to address the reasons for the estrangement.
Lindsay Lohan's management has publicly suggested that she distance herself from her father because of his legal problems; still, on [[Father's Day]], 2005, she told reporters, "I hope he's well. God bless him and I love him."
On [[June 1]], 2005, Lohan suffered minor injuries in a car accident involving a [[paparazzi|paparazzo]] who was following her for a photograph. Police arrested the man after they determined that he hit her car intentionally.
==Filmography==
* ''[[Fashionistas]]'' ([[2006 in film|2006]], in [[development hell|development]]) (also [[executive producer]])
* ''[[A_Prairie_Home_Companion#Film_version|A Prairie Home Companion]]'' (2006, currently filming)
* ''[[Just My Luck]]'' ([[2005 in film|2005]], in [[post-production]])
* ''[[Herbie: Fully Loaded]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Mean Girls]]'' ([[2004 in film|2004]])
* ''[[Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Freaky Friday]]'' ([[2003 in film|2003]])
* ''[[The Parent Trap]]'' ([[1998 in film|1998]])
==TV work==
* ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' Host of the season finale 2005
* ''[[That '70s Show]]'' ([[2004 in television|2004]]) (episode: ''Mother's Little Helper'')
* '' [[Saturday Night Live]]'' Host of the show 2004
* ''[[Get a Clue]]'' ([[2002 in television|2002]])
* ''Bette'' ([[2000 in television|2000]]-[[2001 in television|2001]]) (appeared in pilot only—credited, but did not appear, in episode two)
* ''[[Life-Size]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Another World]]'' (cast member from [[1996 in television|1996]]-[[1997 in television|1997]])
[[Image:lindsaysnl.jpg|thumb|Lindsay Lohan and Amy Poehler during a skit from the 2004 SNL episode Lindsay hosted.]]
==Discography==
===Albums===
* 2004: ''[[Speak (album)|Speak]]'' - #2 US, #11 UK
===Singles===
* ''First'' ([[2005 in music|2005]]) #105 US, #82 UK
* ''Over'' (2005) #101 US, #4 UK
* ''Rumors'' ([[2004 in music|2004]]) #101 US, #2 UK
* ''Drama Queen (That Girl)'' (2004) #87 US, #98 UK
==Books==
* ''Lindsay Lohan: A Star on the Rise'' by [[Mary Boone]] (ISBN 1572436891)
==External links==
{{wikisource author}}
*Eric Eldred's [http://www.eldritchpress.org/nh/hawthorne.html excellent Hawthorne site] at Eldritch Press contains all of Hawthorne's works, notes on the writings, annotated editions,and lots of other information.
*The [http://www.hawthorneinsalem.org Hawthorne in Salem Website] was funded in May of 2000 by a three-year grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities and is a collaborative effort of North Shore Community College in Danvers, Massachusetts, and three Salem, Massachusetts museums with important Hawthorne collections.
*[[Herman Melville]]'s appreciation, [http://209.11.144.65/eldritchpress/nh/hahm.html "Hawthorne and His Mosses"] (1850)
*[[Henry James]]'s important book-length study, ''[http://209.11.144.65/eldritchpress/nh/nhhj1.html Hawthorne]'' (1879)
*WBUR's celebration of Nathaniel Hawthorne at 200, [http://www.wbur.org/arts/2005/48691_20050101.asp], with links to NPR's "The Connection" on Hawthorne's birthday, as well as an interview with author Phillip McFarland.
*{{gutenberg author|id=Nathaniel_Hawthorne|name=Nathaniel Hawthorne}}
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* [http://www.llrocks.com/ Official website]
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