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[[Image:Nathaniel_Hawthorne_old.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Nathaniel Hawthorne in the 1860s]]
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[[Image:LanceSI1.jpg||300px|thumb|right|Armstrong on the cover of ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' after winning the 2004 Tour de France.]]
'''Nathaniel Hawthorne''' ([[July 4]], [[1804]] – [[May 19]], [[1864]]) was a [[19th century]] [[United States|American]] [[the novel|novelist]] and [[short story]] writer. He is seen as a key figure in the development of [[American literature]].
'''Lance Armstrong''' (born [[September 18]], [[1971]] in [[Plano, Texas]]) is an [[United States|American]] professional [[road bicycle racer|road racing cyclist]]. He is most famous for recovering from [[cancer]] to subsequently win the [[Tour de France]] a record six consecutive times—[[1999]] to [[2004]]. His success prompted some to [[nickname]] the event ''Tour de Lance''.
==Biography==
Armstrong's achievements have been widely lauded. In [[2002]], ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' magazine named him their [[Sportsman of the Year]]. He was also named [[Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year]] for 2002, 2003 and 2004, received ESPN's [[ESPY Awards|ESPY Award]] for Best Male Athlete in 2003 and 2004, and won the [[BBC Sports Personality of the Year Overseas Personality]] Award in 2003. In April 2005, Armstrong announced that he would retire from racing after the 2005 edition of the Tour.
He was born in [[Salem, Massachusetts]], where his [[Nathaniel Hawthorne Birthplace|birthplace]] is now a house museum, and died in [[Plymouth, New Hampshire]]. Hawthorne's father was a sea captain and descendant of [[John Hathorne]], one of the judges who oversaw the [[Salem Witch Trials]]. Hawthorne's father died at sea in 1808 of [[yellow fever]], when Hawthorne was only four years old, and Nathaniel was raised secluded from the world by his mother.
Hawthorne attended [[Bowdoin College]] in [[Maine]] from 1821–1824, befriending classmates [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]] and future president [[Franklin Pierce]]. Until the publication of his [[Twice-Told Tales]] in 1837, Hawthorne wrote in the comparative obscurity of what he called his "owl's nest" in the family home. As he looked back on this period of his life, he wrote: "I have not lived, but only dreamed about living" [letter to Longfellow, June 4, 1837]. And yet it was this period of brooding and writing that had formed, as [[Malcolm Cowley]] was to describe it, "the central fact in Hawthorne's career," his "term of apprenticeship" that would eventually result in the "richly meditated fiction."
== Career ==
Hawthorne was hired in 1839 as a weigher and gauger at the [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] Custom House. He had become engaged in the previous year to the [[illustrator]] and [[Transcendentalism|transcendentalist]] [[Sophia Peabody]]. Seeking a possible home for himself and Sophia, he joined the transcendentalist [[utopian]] community at [[Brook Farm]] in 1841; later that year, however, he left when he became dissatisfied with the experiment. (His Brook Farm adventure would prove an inspiration for his novel, [[The Blithedale Romance]].) He married Sophia in 1842; they moved to [[The Old Manse]] in [[Concord, Massachusetts]], where they lived for three years. Hawthorne and his wife then moved to [[The Wayside]], previously a home of the Alcotts. Their neighbors in Concord included [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]] and [[Henry David Thoreau]].
=== Early career ===
Armstrong was born in [[Plano, Texas]], a suburb north of Dallas, and was raised by his mother, Linda Mooneyham, whose spirit and independence has often been cited by Armstrong as his greatest influence. Armstrong received his surname at the age of three, when his mother married Terry Armstrong.
[[Image:Nathaniel Hawthorne - Project Gutenberg eText 15161.jpg|thumbnail|left|180px|Nathaniel Hawthorne illustrated in an 1870 publication]]
He began his sporting career as a [[triathlon|triathlete]], competing in seniors' competitions from the age of 16. It soon became clear that his greatest talent lay in racing bikes. At 17, he received an invitation to train with the [[Junior National Cycling Team]]. [[Plano Independent School District|Plano Independent School District's]] school board said that the six-week leave to train taken during the second semester of his senior year would bar him from graduating. Armstrong withdrew from his [[high school]], Plano East Senior High, with his mother's blessing and went to train with the team. He graduated from another high school in [[Dallas, Texas|Dallas]] the following spring and still harbors resentment toward Plano because of this and prefers his adopted home of [[Austin, Texas]].
Like Hawthorne, Sophia was a reclusive person. She was, in fact, bedridden with headaches until her sister introduced her to Hawthorne, after which her headaches seem to have abated. The Hawthornes enjoyed a long marriage, and Sophia was greatly enamored of her husband's work. In one of her journals, she writes: "I am always so dazzled and bewildered with the richness, the depth, the... jewels of beauty in his productions that I am always looking forward to a second reading where I can ponder and muse and fully take in the miraculous wealth of thoughts" [Jan 14th 1851, Journal of Sophia Hawthorne. Berg Collection NY Public Library].
After competing as a cycling amateur, winning the US amateur championship in [[1991]] and finishing 14th in the [[1992 Summer Olympics|1992 Olympics]] road race, Armstrong turned professional in [[1992]]. The following year he scored his first major victory as he rode solo to win the World Road Championships in [[Oslo]], [[Norway]]. His victory was so dominant (he had time to blow kisses to his mother in the home straight) that he was invited to an audience with the [[Harald V of Norway|King of Norway]], which he initially turned down after finding his mother was not included in the invitation. Minutes later, the King invited both.
In 1846 Hawthorne was appointed surveyor (determining the quantity and value of imported goods) at the Salem Custom House. Like his earlier appointment to the custom house in Boston, this employment was vulnerable to the politics of the [[spoils system]]. When Hawthorne later wrote [[The Scarlet Letter]], he included a long introductory essay depicting his time at the Salem Custom House. He lost this job due to the change of administration in Washington after the presidential election of 1848. In 1852 he wrote the [[campaign biography]] of his old friend, Franklin Pierce. With Pierce's election as president, Hawthorne was rewarded in 1853 with the position of United States consul in [[Liverpool]]. In 1857 he resigned from this post and did some traveling in France and Italy. He and his family returned to The Wayside in 1860. Failing health began to prevent him from completing new writings. Hawthorne died in his sleep on [[May 19]], [[1864]] in Plymouth, N.H. while on a tour of the White Mountains with Pierce.
His successes continued with Team Motorola, with whom he won a stage in the [[1995]] Tour de France and several classic one-day events. In that same year, he won the premier U.S. cycling event, the [[Tour DuPont]], having placed second in 1994. He won the Tour DuPont again in 1996, and was ranked number one cyclist in the world. Later in [[1996]], however, he abandoned the Tour de France and had a disappointing Olympic Games. These early disappointments spurred him on to the great things he has achieved post-cancer, and he admits that had he given in on the devilishly difficult [[Clasica san Sebastian]] he could have retired from the sport.
Nathaniel and Sophia Hawthorne had three children: Una, Julian, and Rose. Una suffered from mental illness and died young. Julian moved out west and wrote a book about his father. Rose converted to Roman Catholicism and took her vows as a Dominican nun. She founded [http://www.hawthorne-dominicans.org/found.htm a religious order] to care for victims of cancer.
During his time with Motorola, [[Fabio Casartelli]], a teammate, died on a descent in the Tour. As a young and hugely promising cyclist this was a blow for the team, the sport, and Fabio's nation, [[Italy]]. Team Motorola was allowed to take an uncontested next stage as a mark of respect.
=== Cancer =Writings==
Hawthorne is best-known today for his many [[short story|short stories]] (he called them "tales") and his four major [[romance (genre)|romances]] of 1850–60: ''[[The Scarlet Letter]]'' (1850), ''[[The House of the Seven Gables]]'' (1851), ''[[The Blithedale Romance]]'' (1852), and ''[[The Marble Faun]]'' (1860). (Another book-length romance, ''[[Fanshawe (novel)|Fanshawe]]'', was published anonymously in 1828.)
Before publishing his first collection of tales in 1837, Hawthorne wrote scores of [[short story|short stories]] and sketches, publishing them anonymously or [[pseudonym|pseudonymously]] in periodicals such as ''The New-England Magazine'' and ''The United States Democratic Review''. Only after collecting a number of his short stories into the two-volume ''[[Twice-Told Tales]]'' in 1837 did Hawthorne begin to attach his name to his works.
In October 1996, Armstrong was diagnosed with [[testicular cancer]] that had [[metastasis|metastasized]], spreading to his [[lung]]s and [[brain]]. His doctors told him that he had a 50 percent chance of survival. After his recovery, one of his doctors told him that his actual odds of survival were considerably smaller (one even went as far as to say three percent), and that he had been given the 50 percent estimate primarily to give him hope. Armstrong managed to recover after invasive surgery to remove brain [[lesion]]s, and a severe course of [[chemotherapy]], performed at [[Indiana University School of Medicine]]. The standard chemotherapy for his cancer would have meant the end of his cycling career, because a known side effect was a dramatic reduction in lung function; he opted for a more severe treatment that was less likely to result in lung damage. While in remission he resumed training, but his contract had been canceled by his Cofidis team. This was one of the factors which lead to his near retirement from the sport, because of which he and his then-girlfriend (now ex-wife) moved to [[France]] on two different occasions due to his changes of heart. He was eventually signed by the newly formed [[US Postal Service cycling team|United States Postal Service Pro Cycling Team]], and by [[1998]], he was able to make his successful return in the cycling world marked by his fourth place overall finish in the [[Vuelta a España]].
Much of Hawthorne's work is set in colonial [[New England]], and many of his short stories have been read as moral [[allegory|allegories]] influenced by his [[Puritan]] background. "Ethan Brand" (1850) tells the story of a lime-burner who sets off to find the Unpardonable Sin, and in doing so, commits it. One of Hawthorne's most famous tales, "[[The Birth-Mark]]" (1843), concerns a young doctor who removes a birthmark from his wife's face, an operation which kills her. Other well-known tales include "[[Rappaccini's Daughter]]" (1844), "[[My Kinsman, Major Molineux]]" (1832), "[[The Minister's Black Veil]]" (1836), and "[[Young Goodman Brown]]" (1835). "The Maypole of [[Merrymount]]" recounts a most interesting encounter between the Puritans and the forces of anarchy and hedonism.
=== Tour de France ===
Recent criticism has focused on Hawthorne's narrative voice, treating it as a self-conscious [[rhetoric|rhetorical]] construction, not to be conflated with Hawthorne's own voice. Such an approach complicates the long-dominant tradition of regarding Hawthorne as a gloomy, guilt-ridden [[moralist]].
Armstrong's true comeback came in [[1999]], when he won his first [[Tour de France]]. His final lead times over his closest competitor have been over six minutes every year except for 2003, when he finished 1:01 ahead of [[Jan Ullrich]], following an unusual set of circumstances including a stomach illness at the outset of the race.
Hawthorne enjoyed a brief friendship with [[United States|American]] [[novelist]] [[Herman Melville]] beginning on [[August 5]] [[1850]], when the two authors met at a picnic hosted by a mutual friend. Melville had just read Hawthorne's short story collection ''[[Mosses from an Old Manse]]'', which Melville later praised in a famous review, "Hawthorne and His Mosses." Melville's letters to Hawthorne provide insight into the composition of ''[[Moby-Dick]],'' which Melville dedicated to Hawthorne, 'in appreciation for his genius.' Hawthorne's letters to Melville did not survive.
[[Image:Lance-Armstrong-TdF2004.jpg|thumb|250px|Armstrong riding in the [[2004_Tour_de_France%2C_Prologue_to_Stage_9#Prologue_.28Time_Trial_through_Li.E8ge.2C_Belgium.2C_July_3.29|prologue to the Tour de France]], [[2004]].]]
[[Edgar Allan Poe]] wrote important, though largely unflattering reviews of both ''Twice-Told Tales'' and ''Mosses from an Old Manse''.
In his 2004 Tour victory, Armstrong won a personal-best five stages, plus the team time trial (TTT) with his U.S. Postal Service "[[U.S. Postal Service cycling team|Blue Train]]". He contends he let his friend [[Ivan Basso]] win Stage 12 at the finish line as his way of offering support for Basso's mother's struggle with cancer, though video footage appears to show Armstrong being beaten fairly. He outsprinted Basso to take the next stage, and followed that up by becoming the first man since [[Gino Bartali]] in [[1948]] to win three consecutive mountain stages—15, 16, and 17. For the first time Armstrong also found himself unable to ride away from his rivals in the mountains (except for the individual time trial in stage 16 up [[L'Alpe d'Huez]] when he started two minutes behind Basso and passed him on the way up). He won sprint finishes from Basso in stages 13 and 15 and made up a huge gap in the last 250 meters to nip [[Andreas Klöden]] at the line in stage 17. He won the final individual time trial (ITT), stage 19, to complete his personal-record of stage wins.
==See Other interestsalso==
* ''[[The Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told Tales]]''
Armstrong and his ex-wife, the former Kristin "Kik" (pronounced Keek) Richard, had a son, Luke, shortly after his amazing comeback victory, and twin girls Grace and Isabella two years later, all by [[in vitro fertilization]]. They divorced in 2003 and he later entered into a relationship with singer [[Sheryl Crow]] who supported his cycling, following the 04 and 05 tours by car.
==External links==
Armstrong has diversified interests outside cycling. He had a [[cameo appearance|cameo role]] in the film ''[[Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story]]'' and has topped the bestsellers' lists with his book "It's Not About the Bike". He has also become a spokesperson for the cancer research movement.
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*Eric Eldred's [http://www.eldritchpress.org/nh/hawthorne.html excellent Hawthorne site] at Eldritch Press contains all of Hawthorne's works, notes on the writings, annotated editions,and lots of other information.
*The [http://www.hawthorneinsalem.org Hawthorne in Salem Website] was funded in May of 2000 by a three-year grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities and is a collaborative effort of North Shore Community College in Danvers, Massachusetts, and three Salem, Massachusetts museums with important Hawthorne collections.
*[[Herman Melville]]'s appreciation, [http://209.11.144.65/eldritchpress/nh/hahm.html "Hawthorne and His Mosses"] (1850)
*[[Henry James]]'s important book-length study, ''[http://209.11.144.65/eldritchpress/nh/nhhj1.html Hawthorne]'' (1879)
*WBUR's celebration of Nathaniel Hawthorne at 200, [http://www.wbur.org/arts/2005/48691_20050101.asp], with links to NPR's "The Connection" on Hawthorne's birthday, as well as an interview with author Phillip McFarland.
*{{gutenberg author|id=Nathaniel_Hawthorne|name=Nathaniel Hawthorne}}
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== Reasons for success ==
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[[Image:LanceSI2.jpg||250px|thumb|right|Armstrong on the cover of ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' shortly before the 2005 Tour de France.]]
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Armstrong has triumphed partly because he has made a career of the Tour de France, training in [[Spain]] for months leading up to the Tour, and making frequent trips to [[France]] to fully analyze and ride key parts of the upcoming Tour course. During his preparation for the 2004 Tour, he rode virtually every stage at least once, and rode the [[Alpe d'Huez]] climb, site of a key [[individual time trial|time trial]], multiple times in the course of five days.
His riding style is also distinctive. Pedaling very quickly (a high "cadence"), often in a lower gear than his competitors, he can maintain a cadence of 120 cycles per minute on flats during time trials, and is able to rapidly accelerate away from his main rivals who tend to use higher gears but pedal more slowly while riding uphill. As an example, the Spanish five-time Tour de France winner, [[Miguel Induráin]], preferred to power a huge gear at a low cadence. Armstrong can maintain incredible speeds even when going up the most daunting climbs of the Tour and at times even specialist climbers are unable to keep pace with him consistently. The ability to maintain a high cadence for such long distances is based on his extremely high [[anaerobic threshold]], allowing him to work at a high intensity without building up lactic acid levels that force lesser athletes to back off. Much of his training is based on raising this level, and in learning exactly where the limit is.
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Unlike most gifted climbers, however, Armstrong is also exceptional in the [[individual time trial]], and is as good as, if not better than, those physically more suited to the discipline, such as rival [[Jan Ullrich]]. In the mold of Induráin, Armstrong is not consistently aggressive during a Tour, preferring to gain a lead in the time trials or with a few well-placed mountain attacks, before sitting back and letting his team defend the lead. Despite this relatively defensive strategy, Armstrong's mountain attacks are often so dominant that he puts minutes on his rivals over just a few kilometers.
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Some have attributed Armstrong's success in recent years in part to his [[US Postal Service cycling team]] (now the [[Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team|Discovery Channel Team]]). While the U.S. Postal Team competes in races worldwide, the riders selected to join Armstrong in the Tour de France are there specifically to help Armstrong win the Yellow Jersey. However, it should be noted that the decisive moves in which he gains very large leads over the competition almost always involve Armstrong racing far ahead of his team, and head-to-head against his main rivals, and against whomever is leading. Also, Armstrong has demonstrated the ability to fend off multiple attacks at once even when his team falters and he is isolated unexpectedly.
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== Allegations of drug use ==
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Like many top international sports men and women, Armstrong has long been dogged by allegations that he used performance-enhancing drugs. However, despite being subjected to dozens of drug tests, he has never tested positive to any illicit substance. Specifically, his hematocrit rate was never found to exceed the threshold above what suggests that the racer used the drug [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], which was once rife throughout cycling. Armstrong did take EPO for one of its approved medical uses, to help his recovery during cancer treatment, but there is no suggestion that this was an unfair advantage for his subsequent cycling achievements. When training, Armstrong boosts his red blood cell count through cycling at [[altitude training|altitude]] and sleeping in an altitude tent.
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In 1999 he tested positive for the corticoid triamcinolone which was an ingredient of a legal topical skin ointment he had taken to treat road rash and saddle sores. He did not declare taking the medication on the form before the test, but the UCI accepted it was in his system due to his use of the skin cream.
Particularly vocal have been [[Greg LeMond]], the only other American to have won the Tour, and the French newspaper ''[[Le Monde]]'', who have questioned his association with doctor/trainer, Dr. [[Michele Ferrari]], who in 2004 was found guilty in an Italian court for unlawful distribution of medicines and sporting fraud. Armstrong has stated that his connection to Dr. Ferrari did not go beyond occasional consultations on altitude training and diet. Another racer, Italian [[Filippo Simeoni]], confessed to the use of illegal drugs as prescribed by Dr. Ferrari. Armstrong stated that Simeoni was not telling the truth, calling him "a compulsive liar", and a legal process started between the two. During the 2004 Tour, the Armstrong-Simeoni feud manifested its presence during the race itself [http://www.velonews.com/tour2004/details/articles/6647.0.html]. In stage 18, Simeoni attacked to catch a group that had broken away from the main [[peloton]]. Even though none of the leading riders nor Simeoni were a threat to the [[General Classification]], Armstrong followed Simeoni as he chased the breakaway. He told the members of the breakaway that he would not drop back to the peloton if Simeoni was present. It was apparent that the peloton would chase down a breakaway which included Armstrong, so Simeoni was persuaded to leave it - with Armstrong. The breakaway went on to take the stage. Armstrong's tactic was controversial, with some commentators considering it vindictive. Others viewed it as a demonstration by Armstrong that he did not need drugs to be a superior rider to Simeoni. In 2005, Italian police are investigating Armstrong for "private violence" and intimidating a witness as a result of this incident. [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2005/jun05/jun01news]
None of his accusers have produced evidence to substantiate the rumors. In 2004, circumstantial evidence was published in the book ''L.A. Confidentiel : Les secrets de Lance Armstrong'' (ISBN 2846751307) which was released less than three weeks before the Tour de France. It was written by David Walsh and Pierre Ballester, who readily admitted that "There's no smoking gun. It's all circumstantial evidence." Walsh is a respected sportswriter with the London Sunday Times and Ballester a former sportswriter for [[l'Équipe]] in France. Armstrong's solicitors issued proceedings in the [[High Court]] in London against the Sunday Times and David Walsh, seeking substantial damages, and in Paris against Walsh, Ballester, the publishers of ''LA Confidential'' and the publishers of [[l’Express]] which printed excerpts from the book.
In 2004, Armstrong sent a letter to the [[Amaury Sport Organisation]], the UCI, and the [[WADA]] to warn of a possible doping method being used by other pro cyclists. [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2004/jun04/jun08news2] He also donated money years ago to the UCI to aid research to detect drug use in sports. [http://www.velonews.com/race/int/articles/7914.0.html]
== Retirement ==
Immediately after winning his record sixth Tour de France, rumors began circulating about Armstrong's future, with some speculating that he would like to spend more time with his family, as well as girlfriend [[Sheryl Crow]]. On [[April 18]] [[2005]], these rumors were confirmed. Armstrong held a press conference to announce that he would retire from professional cycling after the 2005 Tour de France, which would be the final race of his 14 year career. He cited wanting to spend more time with his children as a major reason for retirement.
== Political Possibilities ==
In an interview with the ''New York Times'', teammate [[George Hincapie]] hinted at Armstrong possibly running for [[Governor of Texas]] after retiring from cycling. In the July 2005 issue of ''Outside'' magazine (http://outside.away.com/outside/toc/200507.html), Armstrong himself hinted at possibly running for Governor, although "not in '06." By [[Texas]] political standards, he would almost certainly run as a [[United States Democratic Party|Democrat]], as he has described himself in the past as being "left of center", opposed to the [[Iraq War]], and [[pro-choice]].
== [[cycling team|Teams]] and victories ==
'''Teams'''
*1991-1992: United States National Team
*1992-1996: Motorola
*1997: Cofidis
*1998-2002: US Postal Service
*2003-2004: US Postal Service presented by Berry Floor
*2005: Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team
'''Victories'''
'''1992'''
* First Union Grand Prix
* GP Sanson
* Longsjo Classic (1 stage win)
* Thrift Drug Classic
* Tour de Ribera (4 stage wins)
'''1993'''
* Thrift Drug Classic
* Trofeo Laigueglia
* 8th stage of the [[Tour de France]]
* USPro Championship
* West Virginia Classic (2 stage wins)
* World Road Championships
'''1994'''
* Thrift Drug Classic
'''1995'''
* Clasica San Sebastian
* 18th stage of the [[Tour de France]]
* Tour du Pont (3 stage wins)
* West Virginia Classic (1 stage win)
* Stage 5 Paris Nice
'''1996'''
* Tour du Pont (5 stage wins)
* [[La Flèche Wallonne]]
'''1998'''
* Rheinland-Pfalz Rundfahrt
* Tour de Luxembourg (1 stage victory)
* Cascade Classic
'''1999'''
* Tour de France (4 stage victories)
* Prologue Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré (ITT)
* Stage 4 Route du Sud
* Stage 4 Circuit de la Sarthe (ITT)
'''2000'''
* Tour de France (1 stage victory)
* GP des Nations
* GP Eddy Merckx
* Stage 3 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré (ITT)
* Bronze medal in the [[2000 Summer Olympics]] Individual Time Trial, Men
'''2001'''
* Tour de France (4 stage victories)
* Tour de Suisse (2 stage victories)
'''2002'''
* Tour de France (4 stage victories)
* [[Dauphiné Libéré|Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré]], Stage 6 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
* GP du Midi-Libre
'''2003'''
* Tour de France (1 stage victory + Team Time Trial)
* Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré (Overall), Stage 3 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré (ITT)
'''2004'''
* Tour de France (5 stage victories + Team Time Trial)
* Tour de Georgia (2 stage victories)
* Stage 5 Tour du Languedoc-Roussillon
* Stage 4 Volta ao Algrave (ITT)
'''2005'''
* (ongoing) Tour de France, currently 1st place over I.Basso, after stage 15 (0 stage victories + Team Time Trial)
== Further reading ==
* Lance Armstrong, Sally Jenkins: ''It's Not About The Bike. My Journey Back to Life'' (ISBN 0425179613), Putnam 2000. Armstrong's own account of his battle with cancer and subsequent triumphant return to bike racing.
* Lance Armstrong, Sally Jenkins: ''Every Second Counts'' (ISBN 0385508719), Broadway Books 2003. Armstrong's account of his life after his first four Tour triumphs.
* Linda Armstrong Kelly, Joni Rodgers: ''No Mountain High Enough : Raising Lance, Raising Me'' (ISBN 076791855X), Broadway Books 2005. Armstrong's mother's account of raising a world class athlete and overcoming adversity.
* Daniel Coyle: "Lance Armstrong's War : One Man's Battle Against Fate, Fame, Love, Death, Scandal, and a Few Other Rivals on the Road to the Tour De France" (ISBN 0060734973), Harper Collins 2005. Former writer for Outside magazine documents Armstrong's road to the Tour in 2004.
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