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Nazi Party and List of Nobel laureates by country: Difference between pages

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Laureates/Winners of the [[Nobel Prize]] listed by [[country]].
{{Politics of Germany}}
As of October 2005, 776 individuals and organisations have been awarded
The '''National Socialist German Workers Party''' ([[German language|German]]: ''{{Audio|de-NSDAP.ogg|Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei}}''), better known as the '''NSDAP''' or the '''Nazi Party''' was a [[political party]] that was led to power in [[Germany]] by [[Adolf Hitler]] in [[1933]]. The term Nazi is a short form of the German word '''''Nazi'''onalsozialist'' shortened to the first two syllables, and spelled with -''zi'', because the ''ti'' syllable is pronounced [tsi] in German ([[Nazism|National Socialist]]), reflecting the ideology of the NSDAP. The NSDAP set up the [[Third Reich]] after Hitler being appointed chancellor by the president and the party being democratically elected to lead the German government in [[1933]].
a Nobel Prize.
 
The list shows nationalities of the laureates, as stated at the [http://nobelprize.org official website] of the Nobel Prize. Some laureates are listed under more than one country: for instance, if their country of birth and/or nationality differs from their country of residence. In these cases, a star (*) appears next to their name when it is listed under their birth country, and their country of birth appears in italics next to their name in all other lists.
The NSDAP was the main political force in [[Nazi Germany]] from the fall of the [[Weimar Republic]] in 1933 until the end of [[World War II]] in [[1945]], when it was declared illegal and its leaders were arrested and convicted of crimes against humanity at the [[Nuremberg Trials]]. The beliefs and practices of the Nazi Party gave rise to a significantly new political [[ideology]], commonly known as "[[Nazism]]".
Organisations which were founded in a single country, are marked by two asterisks (**).
 
{{listdev}}
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== [[Algeria]] ==
==Nazi Party Structure==
*[[Albert Camus]]*, ''(then French Algeria)'', Literature, 1957
*[[Claude Cohen-Tannoudji]]*, ''(then French Algeria)'', Physics, 1997
 
===1921 –[[Argentina]] 1923===
*[[Adolfo Pérez Esquivel]], Peace, 1980
*[[Bernardo Houssay]], Physiology or Medicine, 1947
*[[Carlos Saavedra Lamas]], Peace, 1936
*[[Luis Federico Leloir]], Chemistry, 1970
*[[César Milstein]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1984
 
== [[Australia]] ==
When the Nazi party was first established in February 1920, it consisted of a leadership board based in [[Munich, Bavaria]] with a general membership of just under 2000. The NSDAP Leadership Board was democratically elected who, in turn, elected a Board Chairman.
*[[William Lawrence Bragg]]*, ''(then colony of South Australia)'', Physics, 1915 (youngest recipient of a prize)
On July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler was elected Chairman of the Nazi Party after previously having served as “Party Speaker” in the summer of 1920. The exact circumstances of Hitler having been elected as Chairman have been lost in history, but it is certainly one of the pivotal events in German politics. Hitler’s charisma no doubt played a part in his assumption of the Chairmanship as did promises to the leadership board that the Nazi Party would grow in numbers and achieve great power and prosperity.
*[[Frank Macfarlane Burnet|Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet]], ''(then colony of Victoria)'', Physiology or Medicine, 1960
*[[John Warcup Cornforth]]*, Chemistry, 1975
*[[Peter Doherty]], Physiology or Medicine, 1996
*[[John Carew Eccles]], Physiology or Medicine, 1963
*[[Howard Walter Florey|Sir Howard Florey]]*, ''(then colony of South Australia)'', Physiology or Medicine, 1945
*[[Barry Marshall]], Physiology or Medicine, 2005
*[[Robin Warren|J. Robin Warren]], Physiology or Medicine, 2005
*[[Patrick White]], ''United Kingdom'', Literature, 1973
 
== [[Austria]] ==
Almost immediately, Hitler abandoned all democratic notions in the Nazi party. He declared himself the [[Führer]] of the Party and the leadership board became a permanent “inner circle”. Many top Nazis of the Second World War can trace their political beginnings to this point.
*[[Shmuel Yosef Agnon]]*, ''(then Austria-Hungary, now Ukraine)'', Literature, 1966
*[[Robert Bárány]]*, ''(then Austria-Hungary)'', Physiology or Medicine, 1914
*[[Alfred Fried|Alfred Hermann Fried]], ''(then Austrian Empire)'', Peace, 1911
*[[Karl von Frisch]]*, ''(then Austria-Hungary)'', Physiology or Medicine, 1973
*[[Elfriede Jelinek]], Literature, 2004
*[[Eric R. Kandel]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 2000
*[[Konrad Lorenz]], ''(then Austria-Hungary)'', Physiology or Medicine, 1973
*[[Wolfgang Pauli]], ''(then Austria-Hungary)'', Physics, 1945
*[[Erwin Schrödinger]], ''(then Austria-Hungary)'', Physics, 1933
*[[Bertha von Suttner]], ''(then Austrian Empire, now Czech Republic)'', Peace, 1905
*[[Richard Adolf Zsigmondy]]*, ''(then Austria-Hungary)'', Chemistry, 1925
 
== [[Bangladesh]] ==
By the end of 1921, the Nazi Party had become more or less a paramilitary radical organization. All Nazi Party members wore paramilitary uniforms and the ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' (SA) had been founded that same year based on the model of the old [[Freikorps]]. By 1923, the Nazi party and the SA stormtroopers were considered almost one and the same with the first Nazi paramilitary ranks, those being the [[ranks and insignia of the Sturmabteilung]], in use.
*[[Rabindranath Tagore|Rabindranath Tagore]], ''India'', Literature, 1913 (first Asian to win a Nobel prize)
 
===1925 –[[Belgium]] 1933===
*[[Institute of International Law]]**, Peace, 1904
*[[Auguste Marie Francois Beernaert|Auguste Beernaert]], Peace, 1909
*[[Albert Claude]], Physiology and Medicine, 1974
*[[Christian de Duve]], ''United Kingdom'', Physiology and Medicine, 1974
*[[Corneille Heymans]], Physiology and Medicine, 1938
*[[Henri La Fontaine]], Peace, 1913
*[[Maurice Maeterlinck]], Literature, 1911
*[[Georges Pire]], Peace, 1958
*[[Ilya Prigogine]], Chemistry, 1977
*[[Médecins Sans Frontières]]**, Peace, 1999
 
== [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] ==
Following the abortive [[Beer Hall Putsch]], and a two year period of the Nazi Party having been disbanded, the NSDAP was refounded under a more benign platform that the Party would only seek power through legal means and by use of the [[Weimar Republic]] democratic system. To accomplish this, it was necessary for the Nazi party to expand outside of Bavaria and in this way a new Nazi organizational system developed which would last until the Party’s collapse in 1945.
*[[Ivo Andric]], ''(then part of Austria-Hungary)'', Literature, 1961
*[[Vladimir Prelog]]*, ''(then part of Austria-Hungary)'', Chemistry, 1975
 
== [[Bulgaria]] ==
The NSDAP of 1925 was divided into two “classes”, those being the leadership corps of the Nazi Party, known as the ''Korps der politischen Leiter'', and the general membership known as the ''Partei Mitglieder''. Gone were the days where all Nazis wore paramilitary uniforms with the average Nazi Party member indistinguishable from the general citizenry. For the first time, the Nazi Party also began to admit women.
*[[Elias Canetti]]*, Literature, 1981
 
== [[Canada]] ==
The SA stormtroopers were refounded in 1925 as was another Nazi paramilitary group, the ''[[Schutzstaffel]]'' (SS). These organizations, and the many Nazi paramilitary groups that would follow, were considered “support groups” to the Nazi Party as a whole and all members of these groups had first to become regular Nazi Party members. It was also possible for a Nazi Party member to not join a paramilitary group but simple serve as a regular Nazi ''Mitglied''. The [[Hitler Youth]], with origins in 1921 was a Nazi youth corps group whose members were not actually Nazi party members, but were in training to be so.
*[[Banting|Frederick G. Banting]], Physiology or Medicine, 1923
*[[Saul Bellow]]*, Literature, 1976
[[Image:Canada_flag_large.png|50px|right]]
*[[Bertram N. Brockhouse]], Physics, 1994
*[[Gerhard Herzberg]], ''Germany'', Chemistry, 1971
*[[David H. Hubel]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1981
*[[Charles B. Huggins]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1966
*[[John James Richard Macleod]], ''Scotland'', Physiology or Medicine, 1923
*[[Lester B. Pearson]], Peace, 1957
*[[John C. Polanyi]], ''Germany'', Chemistry, 1986
*[[Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs]], Peace, 1995
*[[Richard E. Taylor]], Physics, 1990
*[[Michael Smith]], Chemistry, 1993
 
== [[China]] ==
The leadership of the NSDAP in the late 1920s began at the top with Adolf Hitler and extended to his inner circle from the early days of the Party. As the Nazis were now operating on a national level, the NSDAP maintained a position known as ''[[Gauleiter]]'' who was a Nazi headman in a particular region of Germany. An even higher position, that of ''[[Reichsleiter]]'', was intended for the most senior of Nazis who were part of the inner circle.
*[[Tsung-Dao Lee]], Physics, 1957
*[[Edmond H. Fischer]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1992
*[[Daniel C. Tsui]]*, Physics, 1998
*[[Gao Xingjian]]*, Literature, 2000
*[[Chen Ning Yang]], Physics, 1957
 
== [[Chile]] ==
Beneath the Gauleiters were several junior Nazi political leaders with a variety of titles such as ''[[Kreisleiter]]'', ''[[Zellenleiter]]'' and ''[[Blockleiter]]''. Such Nazi political officers wore paramilitary brown uniforms, the same as Hitler and his senior Nazi inner circle. In this way, the first [[Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party|Nazi Party ranks]] came into being.
*[[Gabriela Mistral]], Literature, 1945
*[[Pablo Neruda]], Literature, 1971
 
===1933 –[[Colombia]] 1938===
*[[Gabriel García Márquez]], Literature, 1982
[[Image:NSDAPChart.jpg|thumb|375px|right|NSDAP Organizational Chart published in 1934]]
When Hitler became Chancellor of Germany, the Nazi Party suddenly found itself in control of a modern state government. Hitler and top Nazis saw immediately that for Germany to become a dictatorship, the Nazi Party and the German government had to become one and the same. To accomplish this, measures were enacted to merge the German government with the Nazi Party. On the federal level, all German Ministries were staffed with Nazi officials who, in turn, appointed other Nazis to civil service positions within the government. A vast and complex Nazi party civil service system then developed which had, by 1935, completely taken over the German government. Such Nazi Party government officials held regular government postings, but also held ranks in the Nazi Party, wore paramilitary uniforms (a wide variety of which existed by this time) and reported to Adolf Hitler both as the Chancellor of Germany and the [[Führer]] of the Nazi Party.
 
== [[Costa Rica]] ==
On the state and local level, German town and city governments were allowed to continue as before but the Nazi Party political chain, extending upwards to the Gauleiters, existed side by side with the local government establishments.
*[[Óscar Arias|Oscar Arias Sánchez]], Peace, 1987
 
== [[Croatia]] ==
Thus, a town could possibly have a non-Nazi [[Burgermeister|Bürgermeister]] and town council, but such persons were merely “rubber stamps” for the local head Nazi leader.
*[[Lavoslav Ruzicka]]*, ''(then Austria-Hungary)'', Chemistry, 1939
 
== [[Czech Republic]] ==
In 1933, the paramilitary groups of the Nazi Party began merging with the German state, as well, the most notable of which was the SS which would eventually take over all law enforcement functions of Germany and also serve as a political police force. The [[German Labor Front]] was another state run Nazi Party organization along with several less known Nazi paramilitary groups.
*[[Carl Cori]]*, ''(then Austria-Hungary)'', Physiology or Medicine, 1947
*[[Gerty Cori]]*, ''(then Austria-Hungary)'', Physiology or Medicine, 1947
*[[Jaroslav Heyrovský]], ''(then Austria-Hungary)'', Chemistry, 1959
*[[Jaroslav Seifert]], ''(then Austria-Hungary)'', Literature, 1984
*[[Bertha von Suttner]]*, ''(then Austrian Empire)'', Peace, 1905
 
===1938 –[[Denmark]] 1939===
*[[Fredrik Bajer]], Peace, 1908
*[[Aage Bohr]], Physics, 1975
*[[Niels Henrik David Bohr]], Physics, 1922
*[[Henrik Dam]], Physiology or Medicine, 1943
*[[Johannes Fibiger]], Physiology or Medicine, 1926
*[[Niels Finsen]], Physiology or Medicine, 1903
*[[Karl Adolph Gjellerup]], Literature, 1917
*[[Johannes Vilhelm Jensen]], Literature, 1944
*[[Niels Kaj Jerne]], ''United Kingdom'', Physiology or Medicine, 1984
*[[August Krogh]], Physiology or Medicine, 1920
*[[Theodor Mommsen]]*, ''(then Denmark, now Germany)'', Literature, 1902
*[[Ben Mottelson]], Physics, 1975
*[[Henrik Pontoppidan]], Literature, 1917
*[[Jens Christian Skou]], Chemistry, 1997
 
== [[East Timor]] ==
By 1938, there was virtually no distinction between the Nazi Party and the German government. Hitler, by this time, had merged the office of Chancellor and President into the new office of ''Führer und Reichkanzler'' of Germany and remained Führer of the Nazi Party. The swastika flag was now the official [[Flag of Germany]] and the German armed forces now wore Nazi insignia and swore personal allegiance to Hitler. In addition, nearly all Nazi Party paramilitary groups were sponsored and in some way connected to the German government.
*[[Carlos Felipe Ximenes Belo]], ''(then Portuguese Timor)'', Peace, 1996
*[[José Ramos Horta]], ''(then Portuguese Timor)'', Peace, 1996
 
== [[Egypt]] ==
When Austria was annexed by Germany in the [[Anschluss]] of 1938, the existing Austrian Nazi Party was quickly installed to replace the old Austrian government. By 1939, Austria had been completely incorporated into Germany with the leadership of Austria little more than a local Nazi administration taking orders from Berlin. When [[Czechoslovakia]] was added to German gains, the newly formed “Reich Protectorate” was a strict dictatorship which would eventually come under the control of the SS in the person of [[Reinhard Heydrich]].
*[[Mohamed ElBaradei]], Peace, 2005
*[[Naguib Mahfouz]], Literature, 1988
*[[Anwar Sadat]], Peace, 1978
*[[Ahmed H. Zewail]], Chemistry, 1999
 
===1939 –[[Finland]] 1945===
*[[Ragnar Granit]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1967
*[[Frans Eemil Sillanpää]], Literature, 1939
*[[Artturi Ilmari Virtanen]], Chemistry, 1945
 
== [[France]] ==
During [[World War II]], the Nazi Party continued as usual in the homeland of the “Greater German Reich” with the federal government staffed by Nazis and the local and state governments under the control of Nazi political leaders.
*[[Henri Bergson]], Literature, 1927
*[[Henri Becquerel|Antoine Henri Becquerel]], Physics, 1903
*[[Léon Bourgeois]], Peace, 1920
*[[Aristide Briand]], Peace, 1926
*[[Ferdinand Buisson]], Peace, 1927
*[[Ivan Bunin]], ''Russia'', Literature, 1933
*[[Albert Camus]], ''Algeria'', Literature, 1957
*[[René Cassin]], Peace, 1968
*[[Georges Charpak]], Physics, 1992
*[[Yves Chauvin]], Chemistry, 2005
*[[Claude Cohen-Tannoudji]], ''Algeria'', Physics, 1997
*[[Pierre Curie]], Physics, 1903
*[[Marie Curie]], ''Poland'', Physics, 1903 and Chemistry, 1911
*[[Jean Dausset]], Physiology or Medicine, 1980
*[[Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant]], Peace, 1909
*[[Anatole France]], Literature, 1921
*[[Roger Martin du Gard]], Literature, 1937
*[[Pierre-Gilles de Gennes]], Physics, 1991
*[[André Gide]], Literature, 1947
*[[Roger Guillemin]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1977
*[[François Jacob]], Physiology or Medicine, 1965
*[[Frédéric Joliot]], Chemistry, 1935
*[[Irène Joliot-Curie]], Chemistry, 1935
*[[Léon Jouhaux]], Peace, 1951
*[[Andre Michael Lwoff|André Lwoff]], Physiology or Medicine, 1965
*[[Seán MacBride]]*, Peace, 1974
*[[François Mauriac]], Literature, 1952
*[[Frédéric Mistral]], Literature, 1904
*[[Jacques Monod]], Physiology or Medicine, 1965
*[[Frédéric Passy]], Peace, 1901
*[[Saint-John Perse]], ''Guadeloupe'', Literature, 1960
*[[Sully Prudhomme]], Literature, 1901
*[[Louis Renault]], Peace, 1907
*[[Romain Rolland]], Literature, 1915
*[[Jean-Paul Sartre]], Literature, 1964 (declined the prize)
*[[Albert Schweitzer]], ''Germany'', Peace, 1952
*[[Claude Simon]], ''Madagascar'', Literature, 1985
*[[Gao Xingjian]], ''China'', Literature, 2000
 
== [[Germany]] ==
As Germany expanded its territory and began conquering other countries, the Nazi Party began establishing dictatorial regimes to replace the fallen governments, all of which were controlled by Nazi appointed [[puppet state|puppet leaders]] with the exception of France which was run by a military government under the control of the [[Wehrmacht]].
*[[Robert Aumann]]*, Economics, 2005
*[[J. Georg Bednorz]], Physics, 1987
*[[Gerd Binnig]], Physics, 1986
*[[Günter Blobel]]*, ''(now Poland)'', Physiology or Medicine, 1999
*[[Konrad Emil Bloch|Konrad Bloch]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1964
*[[Heinrich Böll]], Literature, 1972
*[[Willy Brandt]], Peace, 1971
*[[Karl Ferdinand Braun]], Physics, 1909
*[[Hans G. Dehmelt]]*, Physics, 1989
*[[Max Delbrück]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1969
*[[Albert Einstein]]*, Physics, 1921
*[[Rudolf Christoph Eucken]], ''(then Hanover)'', Literature, 1908
*[[James Franck]], Physics, 1925
*[[Karl von Frisch]], ''(then Austria-Hungary, now Austria)'', Physiology or Medicine, 1973
*[[Günter Grass]], ''(then Free City of Danzig, now Poland)'', Literature, 1999
*[[Gerhart Hauptmann]], ''(then Prussia, now Poland)'', Literature, 1912
*[[Werner Karl Heisenberg]], Physics, 1932
*[[Gustav Ludwig Hertz]], Physics, 1925
*[[Gerhard Herzberg]]*, Chemistry, 1971
*[[Herman Hesse]]*, Literature, 1946
*[[Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse]], ''(then Prussia)'', Literature, 1910
*[[Robert Huber]], Chemistry, 1988
*[[Bernard Katz]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1970
*[[Wolfgang Ketterle]], Physics, 2001
*[[Henry Kissinger]]*, Peace, 1973
*[[Klaus von Klitzing]], Physics, 1985
*[[Georges J.F. Kohler]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1984
*[[Herbert Kroemer]]*, Physics, 2000
*[[Max von Laue]], Physics, 1914
*[[Philipp Lenard]], ''(then Austrian Empire, now Slovakia)'', Physics, 1905
*[[Thomas Mann]], Literature, 1929
*[[Theodor Mommsen]], ''(then Denmark)'', Literature, 1902
*[[Erwin Neher]], Physiology or Medicine, 1991
*[[Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard]], Physiology or Medicine, 1995
*[[Carl von Ossietzky]], Peace, 1935
*[[Wolfgang Paul]], Physics, 1989
*[[Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck]], ''(then Denmark)'', Physics, 1918
*[[John Charles Polanyi]]*, Chemistry, 1986
*[[Ludwig Quidde]], ''(then Bremen)'', Peace, 1927
*[[Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]], ''(then Prussia)'', Physics, 1903
*[[Ernst Ruska]], Physics, 1986
*[[Nelly Sachs]]*, Literature, 1966
*[[Bert Sakmann]], Physiology or Medicine, 1991
*[[Albert Schweitzer]]*, ''(now France)'', Peace, 1952
*[[Johannes Stark]], Physics, 1919
*[[Hermann Staudinger]], Chemistry, 1953
*[[Jack Steinberger]]*, Physics, 1988
*[[Horst Ludwig Störmer|Horst L. Störmer]]*, Physics, 1998
*[[Gustav Stresemann]], Peace, 1926
*[[Wilhelm Wien]], ''(then Prussia)'', Physics, 1911
*[[Richard Adolf Zsigmondy]], ''(then Austrian Empire, now Austria)'', Chemistry, 1925
 
== [[Ghana]] ==
The [[General Government]] of Poland was the most ruthless of all the installed Nazi Party regimes with the “Reichkommisariats”, established in Russia, coming in a close second. Rule in these regions was based on ruthless terror with civilian reprisals and instant executions a common occurrence.
*[[Kofi Annan]], Peace, 2001
 
==Party composition[[Greece]] ==
*[[Odysseas Elytis]], Literature, 1979
*[[Giorgos Seferis]], ''(then Ottoman Asia Minor, now Turkey)'', Literature, 1963
 
== [[Guatemala]] ==
===General membership===
*[[Miguel Ángel Asturias]], Literature, 1967
*[[Rigoberta Menchú]], Peace, 1992
 
== [[Hungary]] ==
The general membership of the Nazi Party, known as the ''Partei Mitglieder'', mainly consisted of the urban and rural [[lower middle class]]es. Seven percent belonged to the [[upper class]], seven percent were [[peasants]], thirty five percent were [[industrial]] workers and fifty one percent were what can be described as [[middle class]]. The largest single occupational group was [[elementary school]] teachers.
*[[Georg von Békésy]]*, ''(then Austria-Hungary)'', Physiology or Medicine, 1961
*[[Dennis Gabor]]*, ''(then Austria-Hungary)'', Physics, 1971
*[[John Harsanyi]]*, Economics, 1994
*[[Avram Hershko]]*, Chemistry, 2004
*[[George de Hevesy]], ''(then Austria-Hungary)'', Chemistry, 1943
*[[Imre Kertész]], Literature, 2002
*[[Philipp Lenard]]*, ''(then Austrian Empire, now Slovakia)'', Physics, 1905
*[[George Andrew Olah]]*, Chemistry, 1994
*[[Albert Szent-Györgyi]], ''(then Austria-Hungary)'', Physiology or Medicine, 1937
*[[Eugene Wigner]]*, ''(then Austria-Hungary)'', Physics, 1963
 
:''Source: [http://www.mek.iif.hu/porta/szint/tarsad/tudtan/nobel/html/] (in Hungarian)''
When the Nazi Party began in the 1920s, it averaged 2000 members. When the Nazi Party came to power in [[1933]], party membership had risen to 2.5 million. In [[1945]], when the Nazi Party was disbanded, official membership rolls listed a total of 8.5 million.
 
== [[Iceland]] ==
===Military membership===
*[[Halldór Laxness]], Literature, 1955
 
== [[India]] ==
Nazi members with military ambitions were encouraged to join the ''[[Waffen SS]]'', but a great number enlisted in the ''Wehrmacht'' and even more were drafted for service after [[World War II]] began. Early regulations required that all ''Wehrmacht'' members be non-political, and therefore any National Socialist member joining in the 1930s was required to resign from the Nazi Party.
*[[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]]* ''(then British India, now Pakistan)'', Physics, 1983
*[[Har Gobind Khorana]]*, ''(then British India, now Pakistan)'', Physiology or Medicine, 1968
*[[Rudyard Kipling]]*, ''(then British India)'', Literature, 1907
*[[C.V. Raman]], Physics, 1930
*[[Amartya Sen]], Economics, 1998
*[[Mother Teresa]], ''Republic of Macedonia'', Peace, 1979
*[[Rabindranath Tagore|Rabindranath Tagore]]*, ''(then British India)'', Literature, 1913 (first Asian to win a Nobel prize)
 
See also: [[Nobel laureates of India]]
This regulation was soon waived, however, and there is ample evidence that full Nazi Party members served in the Wehrmacht in particular after the outbreak of World War II. The Wehrmacht Reserves also saw a high number of senior Nazis enlisting, with such figures as [[Reinhard Heydrich]] and [[Fritz Todt]] joining the Luftwaffe, as well as [[Karl Hanke]] who served in the Army.
 
== [[International]] ==
===Paramilitary groups===
*[[Amnesty International]], Peace, 1977
*[[International Atomic Energy Agency]], Peace, 2005
*[[International Campaign to Ban Landmines]], Peace, 1997
*[[International Committee of the Red Cross]], Peace, 1917 and 1963
*[[Institut de droit international|Institute of International Law]], Peace, 1904
*[[International Labour Organization]], Peace, 1969
*[[International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War]], Peace, 1985
*[[League of Red Cross Societies]], Peace, 1963
*[[Médecins Sans Frontières]], Peace, 1999
*[[Nansen International Office for Refugees]], Peace, 1938
*[[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]], Peace, 1954 and 1981
*[[Permanent International Peace Bureau]], (now the [[International Bureau of Peace]]), Peace, 1910
*[[United Nations]], Peace, 2001
*[[United Nations Children's Fund]], Peace, 1965
*[[United Nations Peacekeeping Forces]], Peace, 1988
 
== [[Iran]] ==
In addition to the NSDAP proper, several paramilitary groups existed which "supported" Nazi aims. All such members of these paramilitary organizations were required to become regular Nazi Party members first, and could then enlist in the group of their choice. A vast system of [[Nazi party paramilitary ranks]] developed for each of the various paramilitary groups.
*[[Shirin Ebadi]], Peace, 2003
 
== [[Ireland]] ==
The major Nazi Party paramilitary groups were as follows:
*[[Samuel Beckett]], Literature, 1969
*[[Seamus Heaney]], ''United Kingdom'', Literature, 1995
*[[Seán MacBride]], ''France'', Peace, 1974
*[[George Bernard Shaw]]*, Literature, 1925
*[[Ernest Walton]], Physics, 1951
*[[William Butler Yeats]], Literature, 1923
 
== [[Israel]] ==
* ''[[Schutzstaffel]]'' (SS): Protection Service
*[[Robert Aumann]], ''Germany'', Economics, 2005
* ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' (SA): Storm Troopers
*[[Shmuel Yosef Agnon]], ''Austria'', Literature, 1966
* ''[[Nationalsozialistisches Fliegerkorps]]'' (NSFK): National Socialist Flyers Corps
*[[Menachem Begin]], ''Poland'', Peace, 1978
* ''[[National Socialist Motor Corps|Nationalsozialistisches Kraftfahrerkorps]]'' (NSKK): National Socialist Motor Corps
*[[Aaron Ciechanover]], Chemistry, 2004
*[[Avram Hershko]], ''Hungary'', Chemistry, 2004
*[[Daniel Kahneman]]*, ''(then British Mandate of Palestine)'', Economics, 2002
*[[Yitzhak Rabin]]*, ''(then British Mandate of Palestine)'', Peace, 1994
*[[Shimon Peres]], ''Poland'', Peace, 1994
 
== [[Italy]] ==
The [[Hitler Youth]] was a paramilitary group divided into an adult leadership corps and a general membership open to boys aged fourteen to eighteen.
*[[Daniel Bovet]], ''Switzerland'', Physiology or Medicine, 1957
*[[Giosuè Carducci]], Literature, 1906
*[[Grazia Deledda]], Literature, 1926
*[[Renato Dulbecco]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1975
*[[Enrico Fermi]], Physics, 1938
*[[Riccardo Giacconi]]*, Physics, 2002
*[[Camillo Golgi]], Physiology or Medicine, 1906
*[[Dario Fo]], Literature, 1997
*[[Rita Levi-Montalcini]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1986
*[[Salvador Luria]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1969
*[[Guglielmo Marconi]], Physics, 1909
*[[Franco Modigliani]], Economics, 1985
*[[Ernesto Teodoro Moneta]], Peace, 1907
*[[Eugenio Montale]], Literature, 1975
*[[Giulio Natta]], Chemistry, 1963
*[[Luigi Pirandello]], Literature, 1934
*[[Salvatore Quasimodo]], Literature, 1959
*[[Carlo Rubbia]], Physics, 1984
*[[Emilio Segrè]], Physics, 1959
 
==Party symbols[[Japan]] ==
*[[Leo Esaki]], Physics, 1973
*[[Kenichi Fukui]], Chemistry, 1981
*[[Yasunari Kawabata]], Literature, 1968
*[[Masatoshi Koshiba]], Physics, 2002
*[[Ryoji Noyori]], Chemistry, 2001
*[[Kenzaburo Oe]], Literature, 1994
*[[Eisaku Sato]], Peace, 1974
*[[Hideki Shirakawa]], Chemistry, 2000
*[[Koichi Tanaka]], Chemistry, 2002
*[[Shinichirou Tomonaga]], Physics, 1965
*[[Susumu Tonegawa]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1987
*[[Hideki Yukawa]], Physics, 1949
 
== [[Kenya]] ==
*[[Nazi Flag]]s: The Nazi party used a right-facing [[swastika]] as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent ''Blut und Boden'' (blood and soil). Black, white, and red were in fact the colors of the old [[North German Confederation]] flag (invented by [[Otto von Bismarck]], based on the Prussian colors black and white). In [[1871]], with the foundation of the German Reich, the flag of the North German Confederation became the German ''Reichsflagge'' (Reich's flag). Black, white, and red became the colors of the nationalists through the following history (for example [[World War I]] and the [[Weimar Republic]]).
*[[Wangari Maathai]], Peace, 2004
*[[Swastika]]
*[[Aquila (Roman)|The Roman Eagle]]
*Nazi anthem: ''[[Horst Wessel Lied]]''.
 
== [[Lithuania]] ==
==Sayings, mottos and slogans==
*[[Czesław Miłosz]]*, Literature, 1980
*"''[[Sieg Heil]]! Sieg Heil! Sieg Heil!''"
**"Hail Victory" (common Nazi chant at rallies)
*"Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer!"
**"One people, one nation, one leader!".
*"Deutschland, erwache!"
**"Germany, Awake!" (Coined by [[Dietrich Eckart]], this was the title to a popular Nazi song and put on many propoganda banners.) (5)
*"Die Juden sind unser Unglück!"
**"The Jews are Our Misfortune!"
*"Lang lebe unser ruhmvoller Führer!"
**"Long Live Our Glorious leader!"
*"Heute Deutschland, morgen die Welt!"
**"Today Germany, Tomorrow the World!"
*"Die Deutschen immer vor dem Ausländer und den Juden!"
**"The German Always Before the Foreigner and Jew!"
*"Sicher ist der Jude auch ein Mann, aber der Floh ist auch ein Tier"
**"Certainly the Jew is Also a Man, But the Flea is Also an Animal".
 
==Election statistics[[Mexico]] ==
*[[Mario J. Molina]]*, Chemistry, 1995
<table border=1>
*[[Octavio Paz]], Literature, 1990
<tr><td align=center>date</td><td>votes in millions</td><td align=center>share</td><td>number of deputies</td></tr>
*[[Alfonso García Robles]], Peace, 1982
<tr><td>[[May 20]], [[1928]]</td><td align=center>&nbsp;0.81</td><td align=center>&nbsp;2.6%</td><td>12</td></tr>
<tr><td>[[September 14]], [[1930]]</td><td align=center>&nbsp;6.41</td><td align=center>18.3%</td><td>107</td></tr>
<tr><td>[[July 31]], [[1932]]</td><td align=center>13.75</td><td align=center>37.3%</td><td>230</td></tr>
<tr><td>[[November 6]], [[1932]]</td><td align=center>11.74</td><td align=center>33.1%</td><td>196</td></tr>
<tr><td>[[March 5]], [[1933]]</td><td align=center>17.28</td><td>43.9%</td><td>288</td></tr>
</table>
 
==Related topics[[Myanmar]] ==
*[[Aung San Suu Kyi]], ''(then Burma)'', Peace, 1991
*[[Glossary of the Third Reich]]
*[[ex-Nazis]]
*[[Children of the Nazi era]]
*[[Nazi Germany]]
*[[Nazi Party leaders and officials]]
*[[Nazism]] (national socialism)
*[[Nazi songs]]
*[[Austrian National Socialism]]
*[[Nazi memorabilia]]
 
== [[The Netherlands]] ==
==References==
*[[Tobias Michael Carel Asser|Tobias Asser]], Peace, 1911
# ''[[The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich]]'', [[William L. Shirer]] ([[1960]]). Gramercy. (ISBN 0517102943)
*[[Nicolaas Bloembergen]]*, Physics, 1981
# ''The [[Encyclopedia of the Third Reich]]'' by Christian Zenter and Friedemann Bedurftig. (1985 by Sudwest Verlag GmbH & co. KG, Munich)
*[[Paul Crutzen]], Chemistry, 1995
#''Reappraisals of Fascism'', ed. by [[Henry Ashby Turner]], New Viewpoints, NY, 1975. pg 99 and ''Leftism Revisited'', [[Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn]], Regenery Gateway, Washington, D.C., 1990, pg 163.
*[[Peter Debye]], Chemistry, 1936
#''Hitler and Nazism'', [[Louis Leo Snyder]], pg 21. ''Leftism Revisited'', Von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, pg 162.
*[[Christiaan Eijkman]], Physiology or Medicine, 1929
#''Hitler and Nazism'', Louis L. Snyder, Franklin Watts, Inc., NY, 1961. pp 23, 69, 80-81. (The author was in Germany and witnessed the mass meetings.)
*[[Willem Einthoven]], Physiology or Medicine, 1924
#''Liberty or Equality'', von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, pg 259. Ref. Konrad Heiden, "Les débuts du national-socialisme", ''Revue d'Allemagne'', VII, No. 71 (Sept. 15, 1933), p 821. Also confirmed by Dr. Hans Fabricius, ''Geschichte der Nationalsozialistischen Bewegung'' (2nd ed.; Berlin; Spaeth, 1937), p 15.
*[[Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff]], Chemistry, 1901
#''Where Ghosts Walked, Munich's Road to the Third Reich'', David C. Large, W.W. Norton & Co., NY, 1997. pg 165.
*[[Gerardus 't Hooft]], Physics, 1999
#[[Konrad Heiden]] ''Geschichte des Nationalsozialismus; die Karriere einer Idee'', pg 19 as quoted in ''Liberty or Equality'', pg 258; ''Nazism and the Third Reich'', Henry A. Turner, Quadrangle Books, NY, 1972, pg 8.
*[[Tjalling Koopmans]], Economy, 1975
# ''German Resistance Against Hitler'', Klemens von Klemperer, Clarendon Press, 1992, p.38 ( Prelate Ludwig Kaas' importance) .
*[[Hendrik Antoon Lorentz]], Physics, 1902
# ''The Hitler State : the Foundation and Development of the Internal Structure of the Third Reich'' by [[Martin Broszat]], translated by John W. Hiden, London : Longman, 1981 ISBN 0582492009
*[[Simon van der Meer]], Physics, 1984
*[[Heike Kamerlingh Onnes]], Physics, 1913
*[[Jan Tinbergen]], Economy, 1969
*[[Nikolaas Tinbergen]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1973
*[[Martinus J.G. Veltman]], Physics, 1999
*[[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]], Physics, 1910
*[[Pieter Zeeman]], Physics, 1902
*[[Frits Zernike]], Physics, 1953
 
== [[New Zealand]] ==
*[[Alan MacDiarmid]]*, Chemistry, 2000
*[[Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson|Ernest Rutherford]]*, Chemistry, 1908
*[[Maurice Wilkins]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1962
 
== [[Nigeria]] ==
*[[Wole Soyinka]], Literature, 1986
 
== [[Norway]] ==
*[[Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson]], Literature, 1903
*[[Finn Kydland]], Economics, 2004
*[[Knut Hamsun]], Literature, 1920
*[[Christian Lous Lange]], Peace, 1921
*[[Fridtjof Nansen]], Peace, 1922
*[[Sigrid Undset]], Literature, 1928
 
== [[Pakistan]] ==
*[[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]]*, ''(then British India)'', Physics, 1983
*[[Har Gobind Khorana]]*, ''(then British India)'', Physiology or Medicine, 1968
*[[Abdus Salam]], ''(then British India)'', Physics, 1979
 
== [[Palestine]] ==
*[[Yasser Arafat]], ''(Egypt or British Mandate of Palestine)'', Peace, 1994
 
== [[Poland]] ==
*[[Menachem Begin]]*, ''(then Polish Russia, now Belarus)'', Peace, 1978
*[[Georges Charpak ]]*, Poland-France. Wire chamber detector, 1992
*[[Marie Curie]]*, ''(then Polish Russia)'', Physics, 1903 and Chemistry, 1911
*[[Raold Hoffmann]]*, Poland-US. Molecular orbital theory for organic reactions, 1981
*[[Czesław Miłosz]], ''Lithuania'', Literature, 1980
*[[Shimon Peres]]*, ''(then Poland, now Belarus)'', Peace, 1994
*[[Tadeusz Reichstein]]*, Poland-Switzerland. Independent research on cortisone, 1978
*[[Władysław Reymont]], ''(then Polish Russia)'', Literature, 1924
*[[Józef Rotblat]]*, ''(then Polish Russia)'', Peace, 1995
*[[Andrzej W. Schally]]*, ''(then Poland, now Lithuania)'', Physiology or Medicine, 1977
*[[Henryk Sienkiewicz]], ''(then Polish Russia)'', Literature, 1905
*[[Isaac Bashevis Singer]]*, ''(then Polish Russia)'', Literature, 1978
*[[Wisława Szymborska]], Literature, 1996
*[[Lech Wałęsa]], Peace, 1983
 
== [[Puerto Rico]] ==
*[[Juan Ramón Jiménez]], ''Spain'', Literature, 1956
 
== [[Republic of Macedonia]] ==
*[[Mother Teresa]]*, ''(then Ottoman Turkey)'', Peace, 1979
 
== [[Romania]] ==
*[[George Emil Palade|George E. Palade]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1974
*[[Elie Wiesel]]*, Peace, 1986
 
== [[Russia]] and [[USSR]] ==
*[[Alexei A. Abrikosov]], Physics, 2003
*[[Zhores I. Alferov]], Physics, 2000
*[[Nicolay G. Basov]], Physics, 1964
*[[Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky]]*, Literature, 1987
*[[Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin|Ivan Bunin]]*, Literature, 1933
*[[Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov]], Physics, 1958
*[[Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank]], Physics, 1958
*[[Vitaly L. Ginzburg|Vitaly Ginzburg]], Physics, 2003
*[[Mikhail Gorbachev]], Peace, 1990
*[[Leonid Kantorovich]], Economics, 1975
*[[Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa]], Physics, 1978
*[[Lev Davidovich Landau]], Physics, 1962
*[[Ilya Mechnikov]], Physiology or Medicine, 1908
*[[Boris Leonidovich Pasternak|Boris Pasternak]], Literature, 1958 (forced to decline)
*[[Ivan Pavlov]], Physiology or Medicine, 1904
*[[Aleksandr M. Prokhorov]], Physics, 1964
*[[Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov]], Peace, 1975
*[[Nikolay Semenov]], Chemistry, 1956
*[[Michail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov|Michail Sholokhov]], Literature, 1965
*[[Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn|Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]], Literature, 1970
*[[Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm]], Physics, 1958
 
== [[St Lucia]] ==
*[[Arthur Lewis (economist)|Arthur Lewis]]*, Economics, 1979
*[[Derek Walcott]], Literature, 1992
 
== [[South Africa]] ==
*[[Sydney Brenner]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 2002
*[[Frederik Willem de Klerk|F.W. de Clerk]], Peace, 1993
*[[J. M. Coetzee]], Literature, 2003
*[[Allan McLeod Cormack|Allan M. Cormack]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1979
*[[Nadine Gordimer]], Literature, 1991
*[[Albert Lutuli]], Peace, 1960
*[[Nelson Mandela]], Peace, 1993
*[[Max Theiler]], Physiology or Medicine, 1951
*[[Desmond Tutu]], Peace, 1984
 
== [[South Korea]] ==
*[[Kim Daejung]], Peace, 2000
 
== [[Spain]] ==
*[[Vicente Aleixandre]], Literature, 1977
*[[Jacinto Benavente]], Literature, 1922
*[[Camilo José Cela]], Literature, 1989
*[[José Echegaray]], Literature, 1904
*[[Severo Ochoa]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1959
*[[Juan Ramón Jiménez]]*, Literature, 1956
*[[Santiago Ramón y Cajal]], Physiology or Medicine, 1906
 
== [[Sweden]] ==
*[[Klas Pontus Arnoldson]], Peace, 1908
*[[Sune Bergström]], Physiology or Medicine, 1982
*[[Hjalmar Branting]], Peace, 1921
*[[Arvid Carlsson]], Physiology or Medicine, 2000
*[[Ulf von Euler]], Physiology or Medicine, 1970 (son of 1929 Nobel Chemistry laureate Hans von Euler-Chelpin).
*[[Ragnar Granit]], ''Finland'', Physiology or Medicine, 1967
*[[Dag Hammarskjöld]], Peace, 1961 (posthumously)
*[[Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam]], Literature, 1916
*[[Eyvind Johnson]], Literature, 1974
*[[Erik Axel Karlfeldt]], Literature, 1931
*[[Pär Lagerkvist]], Literature, 1951
*[[Selma Lagerlöf]], Literature, 1909
*[[Harry Martinson]], Literature, 1974
*[[Alva Myrdal]], Peace, 1982
*[[Nelly Sachs]], ''Germany'', Literature, 1966
*[[Bengt I. Samuelsson]], Physiology or Medicine, 1982
*[[Nathan Söderblom]], Peace, 1930
*[[Torsten Wiesel]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1981
 
== [[Switzerland]] ==
*[[Werner Arber]], Physiology or Medicine, 1978
*[[Felix Bloch]], Physics, 1952
*[[Daniel Bovet]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1957
*[[Élie Ducommun]] (for the International Office for Peace), Peace, 1902
*[[Henry Dunant]], Peace, 1901
*[[Albert Einstein]], ''Germany'', Physics, 1921
*[[Richard Ernst]], Chemistry, 1991
*[[Edmond H. Fischer]], ''China'', Physiology or Medicine, 1992
*[[Albert Gobat|Charles Albert Gobat]] (for the International Office for Peace), Peace, 1902
*[[Charles Edouard Guillaume]], Physics, 1920
*[[Walter Rudolf Hess]], Physiology or Medicine, 1949
*[[Herman Hesse]], ''Germany'', Literature, 1946
*[[Paul Karrer]], Chemistry, 1937
*[[Theodor Kocher]], Physiology or Medicine, 1909
*[[Georges J.F. Kohler]], ''Germany'', Physiology or Medicine, 1984
*[[Karl Alexander Müller]], Physics, 1987
*[[Paul H. Müller]], Physiology or Medicine, 1948
*[[Vladimir Prelog]], ''Bosnia and Herzogovina'', Chemistry, 1975
*[[Tadeus Reichstein]], Physiology or Medicine, 1950
*[[Heinrich Rohrer]], Physics, 1986
*[[Leopold Ruzicka]], Chemistry, 1939
*[[Carl Spitteler]], Literature, 1919
*[[Alfred Werner]], Chemistry, 1913
*[[Rolf M. Zinkernagel]], Physiology or Medicine, 1996
 
== [[Taiwan]] ==
*[[Yuan T. Lee]], Chemistry, 1986
 
== [[Trinidad and Tobago]] ==
*[[Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul]]*, Literature, 2001
 
== [[Tibet]] ==
*[[Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama]], Peace, 1989
 
== [[United Kingdom]] ==
*[[Norman Angell|Sir Norman Angell]], Peace, 1933
*[[James W. Black|Sir James W. Black]], Physiology or Medicine, 1988
*[[Sydney Brenner]]*, ''South Africa'', Physiology or Medicine, 2002
*[[John Boyd Orr]], Peace, 1949
*[[William Henry Bragg]], Physics, 1915
*[[William Lawrence Bragg]], ''Australia'', Physics, 1915 (youngest recipient of a prize)
*[[Elias Canetti]], ''Bulgaria'', Literature, 1981
*[[Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood|Robert Cecil]], Peace, 1937
*[[Austen Chamberlain]], Peace, 1925
*[[Winston Churchill]], Literature, 1953
*[[Ronald Coase]], Economics, 1991
*[[John Warcup Cornforth]], ''Australia'', Chemistry, 1975
*[[Mairead Corrigan]], Peace, 1976
*[[William Randal Cremer]], Peace, 1903
*[[Francis Crick]], Physiology or Medicine, 1962
*[[Christian de Duve]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1974
*[[T. S. Eliot]], ''United States of America'', Literature, 1948
*[[Howard Walter Florey|Sir Howard Florey]], ''Australia'', Physiology or Medicine, 1945
*[[Dennis Gabor]], ''Hungary'', Physics, 1971
*[[John Galsworthy]], Literature, 1932
*[[William Golding]], Literature, 1983
*[[Seamus Heaney]]*, Literature, 1995
*[[Arthur Henderson]], Peace, 1934
*[[Alan Lloyd Hodgkin]], Physiology or Medicine, 1963
*[[Godfrey Hounsfield]], Physiology or Medicine, 1979
*[[John Hume]], Peace, 1998
*[[Tim Hunt]], Physiology or Medicine, 2001
*[[Andrew Huxley]], Physiology or Medicine, 1963
*[[Niels Kaj Jerne]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1984
*[[Bernard Katz]], ''Germany'', Physiology or Medicine, 1970
*[[Rudyard Kipling]], ''India'', Literature, 1907
*[[Harold Kroto]], Chemistry, 1996
*[[Anthony J. Leggett]]*, Physics, 2003
*[[Peter Mansfield|Sir Peter Mansfield]], Physiology or Medicine, 2003
*[[Peter Medawar]], ''Brazil'', Physiology or Medicine, 1960
*[[César Milstein]], ''Argentina'', Physiology or Medicine, 1984
*[[Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul]], ''Trinidad and Tobago'', Literature, 2001
*[[Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker|Philip Noel-Baker]], Peace, 1959
*[[Sir Paul Nurse]], Physiology or Medicine, 2001
*[[Harold Pinter]], Literature, 2005
*[[Rodney Robert Porter|Rodney Porter]], Physiology or Medicine, 1972
*[[Richard J. Roberts]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1993
*[[Józef Rotblat]], ''Poland'', Peace, 1995
*[[Bertrand Russell]], Literature, 1950
*[[Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson|Ernest Rutherford]], ''New Zealand'', Chemistry, 1908
*[[John E. Sulston]], Physiology or Medicine, 2002
*[[George Bernard Shaw]], ''Ireland'', Literature, 1925
*[[Nikolaas Tinbergen]], ''the Netherlands'', Physiology or Medicine, 1973
*[[David Trimble]], Peace, 1998
*[[John Robert Vane|John R. Vane]], Physiology or Medicine, 1982
*[[Patrick White]]*, Literature, 1973
*[[Maurice Wilkins]], ''New Zealand'', Physiology or Medicine, 1962
*[[Betty Williams (Northern Ireland)|Betty Williams]], Peace, 1976
 
== [[United States of America]] ==
*[[Jane Addams]], Peace, 1931
*[[American Friends Service Committee]] (The Quakers), Peace, 1947
*[[Carl Anderson]], Physics, 1936
*[[Philip Anderson]],Physics, 1977
*[[Richard Axel]], Physiology or Medicine, 2004
*[[Julius Axelrod]], Physiology or Medicine, 1970
*[[Emily Greene Balch|Emily G. Balch]], Peace, 1946
*[[David Baltimore]], Physiology or Medicine, 1975
*[[George Wells Beadle|George Beadle]], Physiology or Medicine, 1958
*[[Georg von Békésy]], ''Hungary'', Physiology or Medicine, 1961
*[[Saul Bellow]], ''Canada'', Literature, 1976
*[[Baruj Benacerraf]], ''Venezuela'', Physiology or Medicine, 1980
*[[J. Michael Bishop]], Physiology or Medicine, 1989
*[[Günter Blobel]], ''Germany'', Physiology or Medicine, 1999
*[[Nicolaas Bloembergen]], ''the Netherlands'', Physics, 1981
*[[Baruch S. Blumberg]], Physiology or Medicine, 1976
*[[Norman Borlaug]], Peace, 1970
*[[Sydney Brenner]], ''South Africa'', Physiology or Medicine, 2002
*[[Joseph Brodsky]], ''Russia'', Literature, 1987
*[[Michael S. Brown]], Physiology or Medicine, 1985
*[[Linda B. Buck]], Physiology or Medicine, 2004
*[[Pearl S. Buck]], Literature, 1938
*[[Ralph Bunche|Ralph J. Bunche]], Peace, 1950
*[[Nicholas M. Butler]], Peace, 1931
*[[Jimmy Carter]], Peace, 2002
*[[Thomas R. Cech]], Chemistry, 1989
*[[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]], ''India'', Physics, 1983
*[[Steven Chu]], Physics, 1997
*[[Stanley Cohen (doctor)|Stanley Cohen]], Physiology or Medicine, 1986
*[[Carl Cori]], ''Austria'', Physiology or Medicine, 1947
*[[Gerty Cori]], ''Austria'', Physiology or Medicine, 1947
*[[Allan McLeod Cormack|Allan M. Cormack]], ''South Africa'', Physiology or Medicine, 1979
*[[Eric Allin Cornell|Eric A. Cornell]], Physics, 2001
*[[Raymond Davis Jr.]], Physics, 2002
*[[Charles G. Dawes]], Peace, 1925
*[[Hans G. Dehmelt]], ''Germany'', Physics, 1989
*[[Max Delbrück]], ''Germany'', Physiology or Medicine, 1969
*[[Renato Dulbecco]], ''Italy'', Physiology or Medicine, 1975
*[[Gerald Edelman]], Physiology or Medicine, 1972
*[[Gertrude B. Elion]], Physiology or Medicine, 1988
*[[T. S. Eliot]]*, Literature, 1948
*[[William Faulkner]], Literature, 1949
*[[Richard P. Feynman]], Physics, 1965
*[[Edmond H. Fischer]], ''China'', Physiology or Medicine, 1992
*[[William A. Fowler]], Physics, 1983
*[[Jerome I. Friedman]], Physics, 1990
*[[Milton Friedman]], Economics, 1976
*[[Robert F. Furchgott]], Physiology or Medicine, 1998
*[[Daniel Carleton Gajdusek]], Physiology or Medicine, 1976
*[[Murray Gell-mann]], Physics, 1969
*[[Riccardo Giacconi]], ''Italy'', Physics, 2002
*[[Alfred G. Gilman]], Physiology or Medicine, 1994
*[[Joseph L. Goldstein]], Physiology or Medicine, 1985
*[[Paul Greengard]], Physiology or Medicine, 2000
*[[David J. Gross]], Physics, 2004
*[[Roger Guillemin]], ''France'', Physiology or Medicine, 1977
*[[John Charles Harsanyi]], ''Hungary'', Economics, 1994
*[[Haldan Keffer Hartline]], Physiology or Medicine, 1967
*[[Leland H. Hartwell]], Physiology or Medicine, 2001
*[[Ernest Hemmingway]], Literature, 1954
*[[Philip S. Hench]], Physiology or Medicine, 1950
*[[Alfred Hershey]], Physiology or Medicine, 1969
*[[George H. Hitchings]], Physiology or Medicine, 1988
*[[Robert W. Holley]], Physiology or Medicine, 1968
*[[H. Robert Horvitz]], Physiology or Medicine, 2002
*[[David H. Hubel]], ''Canada'', Physiology or Medicine, 1981
*[[Charles B. Huggins]], ''Canada'', Physiology or Medicine, 1966
*[[Cordell Hull]], Peace, 1945
*[[Russell A. Hulse]], Physics, 1993
*[[Louis J. Ignarro]], Physiology or Medicine, 1998
*[[Daniel Kahneman]], ''Israel'', Economics, 2002
*[[Eric R. Kandel]], ''Austria'', Physiology or Medicine, 2000
*[[Frank B. Kellogg]], Peace, 1929
*[[Edward C. Kendall]], Physiology or Medicine, 1950
*[[Henry W. Kendall]], Physics, 1990
*[[Har Gobind Khorana]], ''India'' Physiology or Medicine, 1968
*[[Jack Kilby]], Physics, 2000
*[[Martin Luther King, Jr.]], Peace, 1964
*[[Henry Kissinger]], ''Germany'', Peace, 1973
*[[Arthur Kornberg]], Physiology or Medicine, 1959
*[[Edwin G. Krebs]], Physiology or Medicine, 1992
*[[Herbert Kroemer]], ''Germany'', Physics, 2000
*[[Robert B. Laughlin]], Physics, 1998
*[[Paul Lauterbur|Paul C. Lauterbur]], Physiology or Medicine, 2003
*[[Joshua Lederberg]], Physiology or Medicine, 1958
*[[Leon M. Lederman]], Physics, 1998
*[[David M. Lee]], Physics, 1996
*[[Anthony J. Leggett]], ''England'', Physics, 2003
*[[Rita Levi-Montalcini]], ''Italy'', Physiology or Medicine, 1986
*[[Edward B. Lewis]], Physiology or Medicine, 1995
*[[Salvador Luria]], ''Italy'', Physiology or Medicine, 1969
*[[Alan MacDiarmid]], ''New Zealand'', Chemistry, 2000
*[[Barbara McClintock]], Physiology or Medicine, 1983
*[[George Marshall|George C. Marshall]], Peace, 1953
*[[Czesław Miłosz]], ''Lithuania'', Literature, 1980
*[[Toni Morrison]], Literature, 1993
*[[John Mott|John R. Mott]], Peace, 1946
*[[Ferid Murad]], Physiology or Medicine, 1998
*[[Joseph Murray|Joseph E. Murray]], Physiology or Medicine, 1990
*[[John Forbes Nash]], Economics, 1994
*[[Daniel Nathans]], Physiology or Medicine, 1978
*[[George Andrew Olah]], ''Hungary'', Chemistry, 1994
*[[Eugene O'Neill]], Literature, 1936
*[[Marshall Warren Nirenberg]], Physiology or Medicine, 1968
*[[Severo Ochoa]], ''Spain'', Physiology or Medicine, 1959
*[[Douglas D. Osheroff]], Physics, 1996
*[[George Emil Palade|George E. Palade]], ''Romania'', Physiology or Medicine, 1974
*[[Linus Pauling|Linus C. Pauling]], Chemistry, 1954 & Peace, 1962
*[[Martin L. Perl]], Physics, 1995
*[[William Daniel Phillips|William D. Phillips]], Physics, 1997
*[[H. David Politzer]], Physics, 2004
*[[Stanley B. Prusiner]], Physiology or Medicine, 1997
*[[Norman F. Ramsey]], Physics, 1989
*[[Frederick Reines]], Physics, 1995
*[[Robert Coleman Richardson|Robert C. Richardson]], Physics, 1996
*[[Martin Rodbell]], Physiology or Medicine, 1994
*[[Richard J. Roberts]], ''United Kingdom'', Physiology or Medicine, 1993
*[[Theodore Roosevelt]], Peace, 1906
*[[Elihu Root]], Peace, 1912
*[[Francis Peyton Rous]], Physiology or Medicine, 1966
*[[Andrzej W. Schally]], ''Poland'', Physiology or Medicine, 1977
*[[Thomas Schelling]], Economics, 2005
*[[Melvin Schwartz]], Physics, 1988
*[[Julian Schwinger]], Physics, 1965
*[[Phillip Allen Sharp|Phillip A. Sharp]], Physiology or Medicine, 1993
*[[Clifford Shull|Clifford G. Shull]], Physics, 1994
*[[Isaac Bashevis Singer]], ''Poland'', Literature, 1978
*[[Hamilton O. Smith]], Physiology or Medicine, 1978
*[[George Davis Snell|George D. Snell]], Physiology or Medicine, 1980
*[[Roger Wolcott Sperry|Roger W. Sperry]], Physiology or Medicine, 1981
*[[John Steinbeck]], Literature, 1962
*[[Jack Steinberger]], ''Germany'', Physics, 1988
*[[Horst Ludwig Störmer|Horst L. Störmer]], ''Germany'', Physics, 1998
*[[Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.|Earl W. Sutherland Jr.]], Physiology or Medicine, 1971
*[[Edward Lawrie Tatum|Edward Tatum]], Physiology or Medicine, 1958
*[[Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.|Joseph H. Taylor Jr.]], Physics, 1993
*[[Howard Martin Temin]], Physiology or Medicine, 1975
*[[E. Donnall Thomas]], Physiology or Medicine, 1990
*[[Susumu Tonegawa]], ''Japan'', Physiology or Medicine, 1987
*[[Daniel C. Tsui]], ''China'', Physics, 1998
*[[Harold E. Varmus]], Physiology or Medicine, 1989
*[[George Wald]], Physiology or Medicine, 1967
*[[James D. Watson]], Physiology or Medicine, 1962
*[[Carl Wieman|Carl E. Wieman]], Physics, 2001
*[[Eric F. Wieschaus]], Physiology or Medicine, 1995
*[[Elie Wiesel]], ''Romania'', Peace, 1986
*[[Torsten Wiesel]], ''Sweden'', Physiology or Medicine, 1981
*[[Eugene Wigner]], ''Hungary'', Physics, 1963
*[[Frank Wilczek]], Physics, 2004
*[[Jody Williams]], Peace, 1997
*[[Kenneth G. Wilson]], Physics, 1982
*[[Woodrow Wilson]], Peace, 1919
*[[Rosalyn Sussman Yalow|Rosalyn Yalow]], Physiology or Medicine, 1977
 
== [[Vietnam]] ==
*[[Le Duc Tho]], ''(then French Indochina)'', Peace, 1973 (declined)
 
== [[Venezuela]] ==
*[[Baruj Benacerraf]]*, Physiology or Medicine, 1980
 
== See also ==
*[[Nobel Prize]]
*[[List of Nobel laureates|List of Nobel Laureates]]
**[[Nobel laureates of India]]
*[[Alfred Nobel]]
 
== External links ==
*[http://nobelprize.org/ Nobel Prize Official Website]
* [http://www.axishistory.com/index.php?id=2875 Axis History Factbook - NSDAP]
* [http://www.third-reich-books.com/x-571-nsdap-programme.htm NSDAP Party Programme]
* [http://www.adolfhitler.ws/lib/nsdap/docs/nsdap.html NSDAP Handbook]
* [http://www.third-reich-books.com/x-597-02-rudolf-hess-party.htm Rudolf Hess Speaks - Vol. 2: The Party]
 
[[Category:PoliticalNobel parties in Germany before 1945Prize]]
[[Category:NaziNobel Germanylaureates|*]]
[[Category:NaziRecipients partiesof formal honors]]
[[Category:Anti-Semitism]]
[[Category:History of Germany]]
[[Category:Single-Party System Parties|Nazi Party]]
 
[[es:Laureados de los Premios Nobel por País]]
[[bg:Националсоциалистическа германска работническа партия]]
[[id:Daftar penerima Hadiah Nobel menurut negara]]
[[cs:NSDAP]]
[[da:Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei]]
[[de:Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei]]
[[et:Natsionaalsotsialistlik Saksa Töölispartei]]
[[el:Εθνικοσοσιαλιστικό Κόμμα των Γερμανών Εργατών]]
[[es:Partido Nacional Socialista Alemán de los Trabajadores]]
[[eo:NSDAP]]
[[fa:حزب ملی کارگران سوسیالیست آلمان]]
[[fr:Parti nazi]]
[[ko:국가사회주의 독일 노동자당]]
[[id:Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei]]
[[it:NSDAP]]
[[he:המפלגה הנאצית]]
[[la:NSDAP]]
[[lv:NSDAP]]
[[hu:Nemzetiszocialista Német Munkáspárt]]
[[ms:Nazi]]
[[nl:Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei]]
[[ja:国家社会主義ドイツ労働者党]]
[[no:NSDAP]]
[[nn:NSDAP]]
[[pl:NSDAP]]
[[pt:Partido Nacional Socialista dos Trabalhadores Alemães]]
[[ru:НСДАП]]
[[sk:NSDAP]]
[[sl:Nacionalsocialistična nemška delavska stranka]]
[[fi:NSDAP]]
[[sv:NSDAP]]
[[zh:纳粹党]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Party"