Irredentism and Cyteen: Difference between pages

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'''Irredentism''' is claiming a right to territories belonging to another state on the grounds of common [[ethnicity]] and/or prior historical possession, actual or alleged. The word was coined in [[Italy]] from the phrase ''[[Italia irredenta]]'' ("unredeemed Italy"). This originally referred to [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] rule over mostly or partly Italian-inhabited territories in the northern [[Adriatic]] such as [[Trentino]] and [[Trieste]] during the [[19th century|19th]] and early [[20th century]]. An area subjected to an irredentist claim is therefore sometimes called an '''''irredenta'''''.

'''Cyteen''' (1988) is a [[Hugo award]] winning [[novel]] by author [[C. J. Cherryh]], and at its heart is a realistic exploration of the myriad problems inherent in human [[cloning]]. It also fleshes out the various aspects of the [[nature versus nurture]] argument concerning human development.

==Irredentist disputes==

==Plot==

Not all territorial disputes are irredentist, although they are often couched in irredentist terms to strengthen public support.

'''Spoilers may follow:'''

''Cyteen'' is a novel that takes place in Cherryh's Union-Alliance universe. Founded in 2201 by a group of dissident scientists and engineers that were sponsored by financial interests on the Planet Mariner, the Cyteen system includes the Planet Cyteen and Cyteen Inner and Outer Stations. Cyteen declared its independence from the Earth Company in 2300 CE and now serves as the capital of Union. It is located at Lalande 46650, but is more easily referenced in current star catalogues as BD+01 4774.

Other prominent irredentist disputes have included:

* [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]]'s occupation of [[Fiume]] (now [[Rijeka]]) from [[1919]]–[[1921]] — the original irredentist dispute.

* The [[People's Republic of China]]'s claims to the islands of [[Taiwan]], [[Penghu]], [[Matsu Islands|Matsu]], [[Kinmen]], and [[Orchid Island]], collectively ruled by the government of the [[Republic of China]]

*The [[Republic of China]]'s claims to [[Tuva]], ruled by [[Russia]]; [[outer Mongolia]], itself the independent state of [[Mongolia]]; and [[mainland China]], ruled by the [[People's Republic of China]].

* Chinese nationalist claims to Mongolia and [[Outer Manchuria]]

* The [[IRA]]'s claim that British rule in [[Northern Ireland]] hinders the prospect of a [[United Ireland]].

* [[France|French]] claims before [[World War I]] to [[Alsace]] and [[Lorraine]].

* [[Weimar Germany]]'s claims after World War I to Alsace and Lorraine, areas of [[Poland]], [[Lithuania]], [[Austria]] and the Czech [[Sudetenland]].

* [[West Germany]]'s claims after [[World War II]] to former territories beyond the [[Oder-Neisse Line]] (now in Poland) and to [[East-Prussia]] (now the [[Russia]]n [[exclave]] of [[Kaliningrad Oblast]]).

* [[Jew]]ish claims after [[World War I]] to territories within the [[British Mandate of Palestine]].

* [[Palestinian]] claims after division of the land under the British Mandate of Palestine to [[Israel]].

* [[Argentina]]'s claims to the [[Falkland Islands]].

* [[Bolivia]]n claims to coastal regions of [[Chile]] annexed after the [[War of the Pacific]].

* [[Pakistan]]i [[Muslim]] claims to the [[Kashmir]] valley territory, which is divided between Pakistan and [[India]].

* [[Hungary|Hungarian]] claims to [[Felvidék]] (parts of southern [[Slovakia]]), [[Transylvania]] (ruled by [[Romania]]), and [[Croatia]], and to portions of Austria, [[Ukraine]], [[Yugoslavia]] and [[Slovenia]].

* [[Serbia]]n claims to large areas of [[Bosnia]] and Croatia.

* [[Albania]]n claims to [[Kosovo]] and to parts of [[Macedonia]] and [[Greece]].

* Indian claims to "[[Akhand Bharat]]", the claimed historic homeland of the [[Hinduism|Hindus]]. The area claimed includes southern Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, [[Bhutan]], [[Sri Lanka]], and [[Bangladesh]].

* [[Finland|Finnish]] [[interbellum|inter-war claims]] that [[East Karelia]] had been granted cultural and governmental [[autonomy]] by the [[Treaty of Tartu]], and that that the [[Soviet Union]] had violated this autonomy. The Soviet Union annexed all of [[Finnish Karelia]] after World War II. The [[Karelia question|question of the status of Karelia]] was revived after the [[Cold War]].

* [[Iraq]]i claims to [[Kuwait]] before the [[Gulf War]]

* [[King Hassan II]] of [[Morocco]]'s claims, initiated in [[1963]], to a claimed "[[Greater Morocco]]" (an area comprising [[Algeria]], [[Western Sahara]], and [[Mauritania]], and portions of [[Senegal]]). This led to a border war with Algeria and the annexation of Western Sahara in 1976.

* [[Greece]]'s claims on areas of the Ottoman Empire after independence, leading to annexation of [[Thessaly]], a failed war against Turkey in 1897 and the [[Balkan Wars]]. After World War I Greece claimed what is now the Aegean coastline of [[Turkey]], because of the predominence there of Greek speakers since antiquity and former rule by the [[Byzantine Empire]]. Other greek irredentist claims included south [[Albania]] (North Epirus) and [[Cyprus]].

* Claims among some [[Mexican-American]]s that the Southwestern [[United States]] was stolen from [[Mexico]] in the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]] after the [[Mexican-American War]] (see [[Aztlan]])

Cyteen matters because it is the center of all research and development concerning cloned human beings who are the result of incubation, who grow at a normal rate, but instead of being socialized and educated like normal human beings, they are subjected to extension conditioning via "tape" technology. These clones are all referred to as "azi."

=="Triadic nexus" of irredenta conflict==

In his 1996 book, ''Nationalism Reframed'', Rogers Brubaker outlined a pattern to describe a common theme of irredentist conflict, referred to as the "triadic nexus".

A powerful scientist by the name of Ariane Emory runs Cyteen, along with her uncles Denis and Giraud Nye. She rules the place with an iron fist, and as a result a lot of people really dislike her, or just want her out of the way so they can make a grab for power. '''If somebody can fill in here with the whole political situation, please do so, I have never been able to follow this particular aspect of the plot very well despite rereading.''' But Ariane makes the mistake of relocating a scientist by the name of Jordan to a distant part of the planet. Jordan's son Justin, who is also his clone, tries to use his body to bargain with Ariane, but he's very young and hopelessly outclassed. She uses him sexually and subjects him to pornographic tapes, which apparently awakens his latent homosexual tendencies. Jordan also prefers men; Ariane taunts Justin by asking him if he's afraid of women like his father. But Justin has a top-grade azi companion by the name of Grant, to whom he turns for companionship and solace. Ariane had also wanted to relocate Grant, but Justin tried to sneak him out of Cyteen. His attempt failed but Ariane lets Grant stay in Cyteen with Justin.

Irredenta conflict is a conflict between three parties: a nationalizing state, a national movement representing an ethnic minority within that state, and an external national homeland, to which that minority is construed as ethnically belonging. Brubaker's triadic nexus is a visual representation of this, granting each party a corner of the triangle. The implication is that the national minority is caught between the nationalizing state within whose borders it exists, and the external homeland to which it is seen as belonging.

The taping Ariane used on him left him badly damaged psychologically but when the Nyes try to get him to seek treatment, he refuses. Instead, he continues the work he was doing, and essentially lives the life of a hostage to ensure that Justin doesn't try to cause further trouble.

==See also==

*[[Ethnic nationalism]]

*[[Romantic nationalism]]

*[[Revanchism]]

Ariane gets murdered and Justin immediately falls under suspicion, worsening his psychological state. Her uncles discover that she was dying of cancer that set in because her rejuvenation treatments were beginning to lose effectiveness. People can get rejuvenation and stay apparently youthful and vigorous well past the age of 100, but for reasons still undiscovered, the effectiveness fades at a different rate for each person.

[[Category:Nationalism]]

[[Category:Political geography]]

[[Category:Disputed territories]]

Before she died, she had laid the groundwork to set up a system to clone herself and raise the clone with a childhood simulating her own as closely as possible.

[[de:Irredentismus]]

[[fr:Irrédentisme]]

Her uncles knew about this and put it into effect even though they weren't sure if Ariane's clone would be enough like her to continue to stay in power in Cyteen. They can hold on for a whole, but ultimately, they need Ariane back. They find a female scientist in her 60s who can simulate the attitudes and approaches of Ariane's mother, and begin the process.

[[it:Irredentismo]]

[[nl:Irredentisme]]

Ariane also wrote an extensive computer program to interact with her clone and give her more information based on her psych results.

[[sl:Iredentizem]]

So the young clone, nicknamed "Ari" begins her life. Her major childhood life events are duly simulated. Ariane had the companionship of two azi named Florian and Catlin. Because of the tapes, azi personalities can be more easily duplicated, so Florian II and Catlin II are most likely near-perfect copies of the first two. She gets their companionship at the right time.

Against the wishes of her uncles, Ari also tends to seek out Justin to talk to him. This rattles Justin, but she won't stay away from him. However, as she grows up, he begins to realize she is nicer than the original Ariane was.

Ultimately, Ari takes over command of Cyteen at a younger age, but she had the help of Ariane's computer program. She is a kinder person because her uncles refused to duplicate the incestuous sexual abuse the first Ariane had to tolerate until she moved out.

The novel delves into the psychological nature of its characters' sexuality and personality traits, and poses the question of Nature VS Nuture.

[[category:1988 books]]

[[Category:Science fiction novels]]

[[Category:Hugo Award winning works]]