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The '''2005 Atlantic hurricane season''' officially began [[June 1]], [[2005]], and will officially last through [[November 30]], [[2005]]. These dates conventionally delimit the period when most [[tropical cyclone]]s are expected to form in the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Early indications were for a very active season, and these expectations have been borne out, with the 2005 season forming storms at a pace similar only to the most active seasons since records were kept: [[1880-1889 Atlantic hurricane seasons|1887]], [[1933 Atlantic hurricane season|1933]], [[1969 Atlantic hurricane season|1969]] and [[1995 Atlantic hurricane season|1995]].
<div class="toccolours" style="text-align:center; float:right; clear:right; margin-left:1.5em; margin-bottom:1em; font-size: 90%;"><big>'''[[List of Atlantic hurricane seasons|Atlantic hurricane seasons]]'''</big><br>
<big>[[2002 Atlantic hurricane season|2002]] [[2003 Atlantic hurricane season|2003]] [[2004 Atlantic hurricane season|2004]] '''2005''' [[2006 Atlantic hurricane season|2006]] [[2007 Atlantic hurricane season|2007]] [[2008 Atlantic hurricane season|2008]] </big></div>
{{wikinewscat|Hurricane season, 2005}}
{{Saffir-Simpson-US}}
==Season summary==
The season began very quickly, with seven tropical storms and two major hurricanes forming before [[August]], setting numerous records for number and strength of storms. [[Hurricane Dennis]] caused major damage in [[Haiti]] and struck [[Cuba]] at full-force before striking the [[Florida Panhandle]]. [[Hurricane Emily]], an even stronger storm, hit the [[Yucatan Peninsula]] and northeastern [[Mexico]].
In late August, [[Hurricane Katrina]] caused damage to [[south Florida]] before moving into the [[Gulf of Mexico]]. The storm then rapidly intensified into a category 5 hurricane with a minimum pressure of 902 mbar and maximum sustained winds of 175 mph (280 km/h), then the fourth most intense hurricane on record in the Atlantic Basin. It weakened to a strong category 4 hurricane when it made landfall on [[August 28]] near [[Slidell, Louisiana]] and moving northeastward into [[Mississippi]]. Major flooding resulting from the catastrophic failure of the levee system of [[New Orleans, Louisiana]] covered 80% of the city, which sits as deep as 10 feet (3 m) below sea level. The unprecedented storm surge overran most of the southeastern Louisiana delta, essentially destroying the coastal development in [[Mississippi]] and severely damaging [[Mobile, Alabama]]. It was the costliest hurricane in US history, surpassing 1992's [[Hurricane Andrew]], which caused roughly $45 billion in damage (2004 dollars).
In mid-[[September]], [[Hurricane Rita]] struck the [[Florida Keys]] as a minimal hurricane, then quickly strengthened to the second category 5 hurricane of the season as it moved out over the Gulf of Mexico. On September 21, it became the third strongest storm ever in the Atlantic basin at 897 mb, demoting Katrina to fifth. In the early morning hours of [[September 24]], Rita made landfall near the Texas-Louisiana border as a Category 3 hurricane. This marked the third major hurricane to strike the U.S. this season, matching the number from 2004. The 2005 season marks one of only three seasons (the others are [[1960_Atlantic_hurricane_season|1960]] and [[1961_Atlantic_hurricane_season|1961]]) with two category 5 hurricanes.
In early [[October]], the relatively weak [[Hurricane Stan]] caused severe flooding and mudslides in much of southern [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]], which has caused hundreds of deaths, although no exact numbers are available. It was enhanced by a [[volcanic eruption]] less than three days before Stan made landfall.
In addition to these hurricanes, three additional tropical storms (Arlene, Cindy and Tammy) made landfall in the [[United States]] and three (Bret, Gert and Jose) made landfall in [[Mexico]]. [[Hurricane Ophelia]] stalled off [[North Carolina]] and battered the coast with hurricane-force winds but never made landfall. However, it did strike [[Nova Scotia]] as an extratropical storm.
Two tropical storms formed in June, five formed in July, five formed in August, five in September, and two so far in October.
The level of activity of the season has had far ranging economic consequences. For example, because of the low overhead of additional global capacity for [[petroleum]] production, and the vulnerability of both oil extracting and [[refining]] capacity in the Gulf of Mexico, storms have led to speculative spikes in the price of [[crude oil]].
== Seasonal forecasts ==
Forecasts of hurricane activity are issued before each hurricane season by noted hurricane expert Dr. [[William M. Gray]] and his associates at [[Colorado State University]], and separately by [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] forecasters.
Dr. Gray's team defines the average number of storms per season (1950 to 2000) as 9.6 tropical storms, 5.9 hurricanes, and 2.3 hurricanes reaching or exceeding Category 3 strength. A normal season, as defined by NOAA, has 6 to 14 named storms, with 4 to 8 of those reaching hurricane strength, and 1 to 3 reaching or exceeding Category 3 strength on the [[Saffir-Simpson scale]].
=== Preseason forecasts ===
On [[December 3]], [[2004]], Dr. Gray's team issued its first extended-range forecast for the 2005 season, predicting a slightly above-average season (11 named storms, 6 hurricanes, 3 of Category 3 or higher). Additionally, the team predicted a greatly increased chance of a major hurricane striking the [[East Coast of the United States]] and the [[Florida]] peninsula. Though the forecast predicts above-normal activity, the level predicted is less than in the [[2004 Atlantic hurricane season|2004 season]]. [http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2004/dec2004/]
In its [[April 1]], [[2005]] update, Dr. Gray's team revised the December forecast upward. The updated forecast predicted 13 named storms, 7 hurricanes, and 3 of Category 3 or greater strength. The chance of a storm striking the U.S. was also raised slightly. [http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2005/april2005/]
On [[May 16]], [[2005]], NOAA issued its outlook for the 2005 season, forecasting a 70% chance of above-normal activity, with 12–15 named storms, 7–9 hurricanes, and 3–5 hurricanes reaching Category 3 intensity. The [[Accumulated Cyclone Energy]] (ACE) value for the season is expected to be 120–190 percent of the median. [http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane.html]
On [[May 31]], Dr. Gray's team revised its April forecast upwards. The updated forecast predicted 15 named storms, 8 hurricanes, and 4 hurricanes of Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson scale. [http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2005/june2005/]
=== Mid-season outlook ===
On [[August 2]], [[2005]], after an extraordinarily active early season, NOAA released an updated outlook on the remainder of the season. The outlook calls for from 18 to a record-tying 21 tropical storms, 9 to 11 hurricanes, and 5 to 7 becoming major hurricanes. The ACE value is now forecast to be 180 to 270 percent of the median. These figures are roughly twice those of a normal season. While June and July were unusually active, August and September are expected to contain the peak of seasonal activity as in most seasons. NOAA notes a higher than normal confidence in the forecast of above-normal activity. [http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane.html]
On [[August 5]], [[2005]], Dr. Gray and his associates followed suit, and issued their updated forecast. It is consistent with the NHC's update, calling for 20 tropical storms, 10 hurricanes, and 6 major hurricanes. <!-- [http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2005/aug_zzz/aug05.html] --->
==Storms==
===Tropical Storm Arlene===
[[Image:Tropical Storm Arlene Jun 10 2015 UTC.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Tropical Storm Arlene on [[June 10]], [[2005]], at 20:15 [[UTC]].]]
Early in the season—nearly two months earlier than the first storm formation in 2004—a low-pressure area formed and persisted north of [[Honduras]]. Despite significant shear, the low managed to organize, and was designated Tropical Depression One on [[June 8]]. It was upgraded to Tropical Storm Arlene the next day.
Arlene began heading north towards [[Cuba]] that day, but it was a very large and poorly organized storm under the influence of heavy shear. It produced precipitation over a very wide area; the [[Cayman Islands]] reported tropical storm-force winds and heavy rain over 150 [[statute mile]]s (240 km) east of the center.
As it crossed the western tip of Cuba on the morning of [[June 10]], the storm began gaining strength. Most of the precipitation and wind of the storm were located north and east of the center, so most of the effects of the storm were on land long before it made landfall. The shear weakened as Arlene entered the [[Gulf of Mexico]], and the storm strengthened to just under Category 1 strength.
Arlene made landfall just west of [[Pensacola, Florida]] around 2 p.m. CDT (1900 UTC) on [[June 11]], though most of its effects were onshore long before the center. Arlene was the most intense land-falling June storm since Hurricane Allison hit the same ___location as a strong tropical storm during the 1995 season. Though weakened heavily by landfall, Arlene persisted as a dissipating tropical depression, passing into [[Indiana]] on [[June 12]] and [[Michigan]] on [[June 13]], when it became extratropical.
The only death attributed to Arlene was a woman caught in [[riptide]] in [[Miami Beach, Florida]], far from the center of circulation.[http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=839989]
* The [[National Hurricane Center]]'s (NHC) [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/refresh/ARLENE+shtml/ archive on Tropical Storm Arlene].
* The [[Hydrometeorological Prediction Center]]'s (HPC) [http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/ARLENE/ARLENE_archive.shtml archive on Tropical Storm Arlene].
=== Tropical Storm Bret ===
Late in June, an area of disturbed weather formed in the [[Bay of Campeche]]. A [[Hurricane Hunters|Hurricane Hunter]] flight was dispatched ([ftp://ftp.nhc.noaa.gov/pub/products/nhc/recon/2005/2005062817.rcn #]), and on arrival found a closed circulation [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al022005.discus.001.shtml?]. This observation caused the system to be classified as Tropical Depression Two in the evening of [[June 28]]. Two hours later, observations from the same aircraft indicated that it had reached tropical storm strength, and it was named Tropical Storm Bret. This was the first time that two tropical storms had formed in June since the [[1986 Atlantic hurricane season|1986 season]], and only the thirteenth time since 1851.
The storm moved west-northwest, making landfall near [[Tuxpan]], [[Veracruz]], [[Mexico]] around 7 a.m. CDT (1200 UTC) on [[June 29]] as a weak tropical storm. It continued inland, producing heavy rain over the state of Veracruz, until dissipating over the mountains of [[San Luis Potosi]] late on [[June 29]].
Hundreds of homes were damaged, and several towns, including Naranjos and [[Chinampa]], about 60 statute miles (100 km) south of [[Tampico]], were severely flooded. The only reported fatalities were the two occupants of a car that was swept away by floodwaters in Naranjos ([http://www.palmbeachpost.com/storm/content/storm/2005/atlantic/bret/news.html]).
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/refresh/BRET+shtml/ archive on Tropical Storm Bret].
=== Tropical Storm Cindy ===
[[Image:TropicalStormCindy July6 2005.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Tropical Storm Cindy just before landfall on [[July 6]], [[2005]], at 0245 [[UTC]].]]
Early season activity continued in July, with a vigorous tropical wave strengthening into Tropical Depression Three in the northwestern Caribbean Sea on [[July 3]]. While it began organizing quickly, it did not reach tropical storm strength before striking the [[Yucatán]] Peninsula early on [[July 4]]. Once over land, the organizing trend stopped, and the depression began losing its circulation.
Later on [[July 4]], a new center of circulation began forming to the north of the original center over the [[Gulf of Mexico]]. Early the next day it strengthened and was named Tropical Storm Cindy. The storm began heading north across the Gulf towards [[Louisiana]] and made landfall near [[Grand Isle, Louisiana|Grand Isle]] late on [[July 5]], and started losing strength over [[Mississippi]] and [[Alabama]]. It lost tropical characteristics over the [[Carolinas]] on [[July 7]].
Even though it had weakened to a depression and was well inland, Cindy's effects were still felt; some parts of [[Atlanta Motor Speedway]] and [[Tara Field]] airport in [[Hampton, Georgia]] suffered severe damage from an [[Fujita scale|F2]] [[tornado]] spawned by the storm. [[Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Hartsfield International Airport]] in Atlanta had over 5 inches (130 mm) of rain on [[July 6]], its sixth-highest one-day rainfall ever (since 1878). Most of that fell during just two hours (8 to 10 p.m. EDT). This is more rain than it normally gets in all of July. Many other places, such as [[Slidell, Louisiana]], [[Gulfport, Mississippi]], [[Mobile, Alabama]], and [[Salisbury, Maryland]], also saw over 5 inches (125 mm).
Three deaths were attributed to Cindy—two in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and another in [[Alabama]].
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/refresh/CINDY+shtml/ archive on Tropical Storm Cindy].
* The HPC's [http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/CINDY/CINDY_archive.shtml archive on Tropical Storm Cindy]
===Hurricane Dennis===
:''Main Article: '''[[Hurricane Dennis]]'''''
[[Image:Dennis-7-10-05-1915z.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Hurricane Dennis on [[July 10]], [[2005]], as it made landfall at 1915 [[UTC]].]]
Tropical Depression Four formed in the southeastern Caribbean on the evening of [[July 4]], the first storm of the season to form away from Mexico and [[Central America]]. On the morning of [[July 5]], it strengthened into Tropical Storm Dennis in the eastern Caribbean. The newly named storm began moving rapidly to the west-northwest.
It reached hurricane strength on the afternoon of [[July 6]] while approaching the southern coast of [[Hispaniola]] as a strong and well-organized Category 1 storm. The next day it strengthened rapidly to become a Category 4 major hurricane, the earliest in the season that a storm had achieved this strength since [[Hurricane Audrey]] in 1957. The track then turned slightly more to the north, bringing Dennis between [[Jamaica]] and [[Haiti]] on [[July 7]].
Just south of [[Cuba]], Dennis intensified into the strongest storm on record to form before [[August]] in the Atlantic basin. On [[July 8]], Dennis passed over [[Cuba]] close to the capital, [[Havana]]. After moving over [[Cuba]], it dropped to Category 1 intensity. However, a second episode of rapid intensification occurred on [[July 9]] as it moved north toward the [[Gulf Coast of the United States]], and it again achieved Category 4 intensity. This second phase of strengthening "bordered on insane," according to the 2200 (EDT) discussion advisory issued by the [[National Hurricane Center]]--between the 1100 (EDT) and the 1700 (EDT) advisory the pressure dropped 10 [[millibar]]s, and an incredible 11 millibars more between the 1700 advisory and a special 1900 (EDT) advisory. After passing over cooler water along the coast and weakening to Category 3 intensity, Dennis made landfall on [[Santa Rosa Island]] on [[July 10]] just southeast of [[Pensacola, Florida]].
Dennis claimed at least 70 lives: 44 in [[Haiti]], 16 in Cuba, and 10 in the U.S. Also, more than 100 people have been reported missing in Haiti. It is considered to be the worst hurricane to strike Cuba since [[Hurricane Flora]] in 1963.
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/refresh/DENNIS+shtml/ archive on Hurricane Dennis].
* The HPC's [http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/DENNIS/DENNIS_archive.shtml archive on Hurricane Dennis]
===Hurricane Emily===
:''Main article: '''[[Hurricane Emily]]'''''
[[Image:Hurricane Emily July 2005.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Hurricane Emily before landfall on [[July 16]], [[2005]].]]
Tropical Depression Five became the fifth named storm of the season east of the [[Lesser Antilles]] on [[July 11]]. It moved west toward the islands as a moderate tropical storm and hit [[Grenada]] on [[July 14]] as a category 1 storm. It entered the [[Caribbean Sea]] and began intensifying rapidly. It reached category 4 intensity on [[July 15]], but quickly weakened to category 2 intensity. However, later in the day it reintensified to a category 4 storm. Emily broke [[Hurricane Dennis|Hurricane Dennis's]] eight-day-old record for the most intense storm to form prior to [[August]] when it reached 155 mph (250 km/h) on [[July 16]], along with a minimum pressure of 929 mbar.
After passing south of [[Jamaica]] and the [[Cayman Islands]], Emily made landfall on the [[Yucatán Peninsula]] near [[Tulum]] on the morning of [[July 18]]. Emily dropped down to a Category 1 hurricane but quickly restrengthened to a strong Category 3. Emily made its second landfall in rural northeast [[Mexico]] near [[Boca Madre]], [[Tamaulipas]], early on the morning of [[July 20]], and dissipated over the [[Sierra Madre Oriental]] the next day.
Emily is blamed for at least seven deaths; one in Grenada, four in Jamaica and two in Mexico.
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/refresh/EMILY+shtml/ archive on Hurricane Emily].
===Tropical Storm Franklin===
A tropical wave off the [[Bahamas]] organized into Tropical Depression Six on the afternoon of [[July 21]]. The depression became the sixth named storm of the season only two hours later, the first time the sixth storm of the season has ever formed this early in the season. The storm headed northward from the Bahamas, then northeast over the [[Atlantic]], becoming disorganized by [[July 24]] under the effects of shear and drier air. It moved erratically, sometimes wobbling in place, inching closer to [[Bermuda]] while barely remaining a tropical storm. Bermuda put up a tropical storm watch for a short time, but dropped it when Franklin moved far west of the island. Bermuda did receive some strong wind gusts, however. Tropical Storm Franklin then accelerated north and northeast, roughly paralleling the [[East Coast of the United States]], and strengthened to nearly hurricane strength. Eventually, Franklin became extratropical along the coast of [[Nova Scotia]] and [[Newfoundland]], and the remnant was absorbed by a [[mid-latitude cyclone]] east of Newfoundland.
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/refresh/FRANKLIN+shtml/ archive on Tropical Storm Franklin].
===Tropical Storm Gert===
A tropical wave, which had earlier crossed [[Honduras]] and the [[Yucatán]] peninsula, organized into Tropical Depression Seven on the afternoon of [[July 23]] in the [[Bay of Campeche]]. It was upgraded to Tropical Storm Gert early the next day, the earliest formation of a seventh named storm on record. It strengthened little before making landfall on the coast of [[Mexico]] south of [[Tampico]] late on [[July 24]] with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (70 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 1005 mbar. It moved inland over central [[Mexico]] before dissipating on [[July 25]].
Gert struck in around the same area as [[Hurricane Emily]] just four days earlier, causing fear of flooding and landslides due to saturated lands. As a precaution some 1,000 people were evacuated from low-lying residences and businesses near the towns of Naranjos and Tamiahua. Naranjos was struck by Tropical Storm Bret earlier in the year.
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/refresh/GERT+shtml/ archive on Tropical Storm Gert].
===Tropical Storm Harvey===
After lingering off the east coast of the U.S. for several days, a tropical wave finally strengthened into the eighth depression of the season due southwest of [[Bermuda]] on [[August 2]]. Due to its proximity and projected path towards Bermuda, a tropical storm warning was issued for the island. It became a tropical storm the next day.
Harvey was not initially a particularly well-organized storm, and had some subtropical characteristics, but it soon became more tropical in nature. It passed just south of Bermuda early on [[August 4]] while at its peak intensity, with maximum sustained winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 994 mbar. Though Bermuda was soaked by Harvey, the island was virtually untouched, and the storm caused little disruption.
Harvey then headed east and later northeast over the open [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]]. The storm became extratropical on the afternoon of [[August 8]].
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/HARVEY.shtml? archive on Tropical Storm Harvey].
===Hurricane Irene===
[[Image:Hurricane Irene Aug 15 2005.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Hurricane Irene taken [[August 15]], [[2005]], with 90 mph (145 km/h) winds]]
Tropical Depression Nine formed from a tropical wave west of [[Cape Verde]] on the afternoon of [[August 4]], the second [[Cape Verde-type hurricane|Cape Verde-type storm]] of the season. The system was expected to strengthen rapidly, but the depression encountered dry air and wind shear as it turned to the northwest and it broke down. Despite poor organization and shearing winds, it reached Tropical Storm strength for a while on [[August 7]]–[[August 8|8]] and received the name Irene. Further shear and dry air disrupted the cyclone formation, and Irene was downgraded to a tropical depression on [[August 8]].
Irene cycled between apparent reintensification and significant weakening, becoming so disorganized in the early morning of [[August 10]] that forecasters were considering declaring that it had dissipated [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al092005.discus.023.shtml?]. However, the depression continued to move westward into warmer waters and shear-free environment, and again attained tropical storm status, rapidly strengthening to just under hurricane strength before leveling off again. On [[August 14]] at 2144 UTC, an Air Force Reserve hurricane hunter read winds of 75 mph (120 km/h), making Irene a minimal Category 1 hurricane. Later, it strengthened even further in low shear conditions under an upper level [[anticyclone]]. On [[August 16]] its winds briefly strengthened to that of a category 2 hurricane, but shortly thereafter Irene began to reach cooler waters and weaken. It became extratropical 290 statute miles (470 km) off [[Cape Race, Newfoundland]], on [[August 18]], having never posed a threat to land.
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/IRENE.shtml? archive on Hurricane Irene].
===Tropical Depression Ten===
Tropical Depression Ten formed 1100 statute miles (1770 km) east of the [[Lesser Antilles]] on [[August 13]]. Conditions were not favorable for development, as strong vertical shear literally ripped the system apart, and advisories were discontinued the next day when it showed no organized deep [[Convection#Atmospheric_convection|convection]]. The remnants of Tropical Depression Ten continued drifting northwestward before degenerating into a tropical wave north of the [[Leeward Islands]]. This remnant eventually merged with another system in the "complex genesis" of what would become Tropical Depression Twelve and, eventually, [[Hurricane Katrina]].
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/TEN.shtml? archive on Tropical Depression Ten].
===Tropical Storm Jose===
Tropical Depression Eleven formed in the [[Bay of Campeche]] on [[August 22]]. Later in the day it strengthened into Tropical Storm Jose over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico and achieved a maximum strength of 50 mph (80 km/h) before it made landfall in the state of [[Veracruz]], [[Mexico]] on [[August 23]]. The Mexican government issued Tropical Storm Warnings from Veracruz to Punta El Lagarto. It then rapidly weakened and soon dissipated as it moved inland over Mexico. While drenching Mexico's Gulf coast, Jose forced some 25,000 residents from their homes in Veracruz state. Eight deaths were attributed to Jose's heavy rains in the Mexican state of [[Oaxaca]]. Two more were reported missing [http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N23540113.htm].
Data reported that Jose became more organized two hours before making landfall and was forming an eye, but its winds remained well under hurricane strength. Just how strong Jose was before landfall is unknown. [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al112005.discus.005.shtml?]
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/JOSE.shtml? archive on Tropical Storm Jose].
===Hurricane Katrina===
:''Main article: '''[[Hurricane Katrina]]'''''
[[Image:Hurricane Katrina August 28 2005 NASA.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Hurricane Katrina on [[August 28]], [[2005]], near its peak intensity]]
The National Hurricane Center issued a statement on [[August 23]] saying that a tropical depression had formed over the [[Bahamas|southeastern Bahamas]].
The numbering of this system was debated, as Tropical Depression Twelve formed partially out of the remnants of T.D. 10. The naming and numbering rules at the NHC require a system to keep the same identity if it dies then regenerates, which would have normally caused this storm to remain numbered Ten. However, the NHC gave this storm a new number because a second disturbance merged with the remains of Tropical Depression Ten on [[August 20]], and there is no way to tell whether the remnants of T.D. Ten should be credited with this storm.
The system was upgraded to Tropical Storm Katrina on the morning of [[August 24]]. Katrina became the fourth hurricane of the 2005 season on [[August 25]] and made landfall later that day around 6:30 p.m. between [[Hallandale Beach, Florida|Hallandale Beach]] and [[North Miami Beach, Florida|North Miami Beach]], [[Florida]]. In South Florida, Katrina dumped up to 18 inches of rain, caused 14 deaths and over 1.45 million customers were left without power for up to 8 days.
Katrina spent only a few hours over southern Florida, and soon regained hurricane strength after emerging into the [[Gulf of Mexico]]. Combined with its slow movement and the extremely warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico, Katrina rapidly intensified. It became a major hurricane on [[August 27]] and attained Category 5 status on the morning of [[August 28]] with 175 mph (280 km/h) sustained winds and a minimum pressure of 902 mbar. This made Katrina the fourth most intense hurricane on record in the Atlantic basin at the time, surpassing [[Hurricane Camille]] of the [[1969 Atlantic hurricane season|1969 season]], which was the most powerful hurricane ever to hit the United States. Katrina spent all of [[August 28]] at Category 5 status despite some weakening, but by the early morning of [[August 29]] had declined to a very powerful Category 4 storm.
Katrina proved difficult to forecast, as the models earlier showed widely-varying landfall locations and intensities as soon as it re-entered the Gulf of Mexico, though the hurricane path prediction narrowed to the area around New Orleans. A slight deviation in the hurricane's path to the east early on [[August 29]] avoided a direct hit on the city of [[New Orleans]], sparing it the worst damage from the storm.
Katrina made its second landfall as a strong Category 4 hurricane near [[Buras, Louisiana]] with 145 mph (235 km/h) winds, and a third, final landfall as a Category 3 hurricane near [[Pearlington, Mississippi]] with 125 mph (200 km/h) winds after crossing [[Breton Sound]]. Massive damage occurred in southern [[Alabama]] and along the [[Mississippi]] coast, and tornadoes were reported in [[Louisiana]], [[Mississippi]], [[Alabama]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and the [[Florida Panhandle]].
Despite the fact that [[New Orleans, Louisiana|New Orleans]] escaped the worst damage from the storm, [[levee]]s along the Intercoastal Canal and 17th Street Canal ultimately were breached by [[storm surge]]. One of the breaches was over 100 yards (100 m) long. About 80% of the city was flooded, some by as much as 25 ft (7 m) of water, and the damage estimates will easily top [[Hurricane Andrew]] as the costliest hurricane in American history.
14 fatalities have been reported in southern Florida. Two of the deaths were from falling trees, one man crashed into a tree, one person died when their boat capsized, one when waves battered their boat, and one man was found floating in the water around Florida City. A family of five out over the southwestern coast of Florida was suspected dead, but found later alive and rescued by the Coast Guard. [http://www.cnn.com/2005/WEATHER/08/26/tropical.weather/index.html] So far 1,242 people have been confirmed dead, with about 1,003 of them in [[Louisiana]] and most of the rest in [[Mississippi]]. Additional casualties have been confirmed in [[Alabama]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and [[Kentucky]]. Once damage totals come in, Katrina will likely be the costliest hurricane in U.S. history, with damage totals expected to reach as high as $200 billion.
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/KATRINA.shtml? archive on Hurricane Katrina].
* The HPC's [http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/KATRINA/KATRINA_archive.shtml archive on Hurricane Katrina].
===Tropical Storm Lee===
Tropical Depression Thirteen formed from a tropical wave about 960 statute miles (1,550 km) east of the [[Lesser Antilles]] on [[August 28]]. It then degenerated into a broad area of low pressure on [[August 29]], but later regenerated on [[August 31]] and the [[National Hurricane Center]] resumed advisories. Later that day, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Lee, the 12th named storm of the season. Later in the evening it was downgraded to a tropical depression, having encountered an unfavorable upper level environment. The tropical depression dissipated on the evening of [[September 1]].
Lee never posed any threat to land while it was in the middle of the Atlantic.
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/refresh/LEE+shtml/ archive on Tropical Storm Lee].
===Hurricane Maria===
[[Image:Hurricane Maria September 6 2005.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Hurricane Maria on [[September 6]], 2005 at 12:45 EDT (1645 UTC).]]
Tropical Depression Fourteen formed from a tropical wave 1100 statute miles (1,770 km) east of the [[Leeward Islands]] on [[September 1]], and strengthened to Tropical Storm Maria the next day. Early on [[September 4]], Maria became the fifth hurricane of the season. On [[September 5]], it briefly strengthened to category 3 intensity, making it the fourth major hurricane of the season. It gradually weakened and dropped to tropical storm strength on [[September 8]].
Advisories ceased on [[September 10]] as Maria became extratropical mid-way between [[Cape Race]] and the [[Azores]]. It never threatened land as a hurricane, but Maria became a strong extratropical storm, and actually strengthened while moving towards [[Iceland]]. Measurements taken of the storm on [[September 11]] showed it had deepened dramatically to 970 mbar - much stronger than the 989 mbar it had when the NHC issued their last advisory.
The remnants of Maria buffeted [[Iceland]] with gusty winds and heavy rains on [[September 13]]. Maria's extratropical remnants also triggered a landslide in [[Norway]] that killed one person. [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/tws/MIATWSAT_sep.shtml?]
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/refresh/MARIA+shtml/ archive on Hurricane Maria].
===Hurricane Nate===
A well-defined low pressure system located about 350 statute miles (560 km) south-southwest of [[Bermuda]] was determined to be a tropical depression on [[September 5]]. It strengthened into Tropical Storm Nate that evening and continued to strengthen with little change in position, becoming the sixth hurricane of the season on [[September 7]].
As Nate moved towards Bermuda, a hurricane watch was issued. Nate spared the island from a direct hit, and just barely brushed it. Hurricane Nate passed 125 statute miles (200 km) south of Bermuda on [[September 8]]. After turning north, it became [[extratropical]] over the central [[Atlantic Ocean]] on [[September 10]].
Canadian Navy ships headed to the [[Gulf Coast of the United States|U.S. Gulf Coast]] to help in the aftermath of [[Hurricane Katrina]] were slowed down trying to avoid Nate and Ophelia. The ships were loaded with relief supplies including lumber, thousands of diapers, blankets and cots, along with its crew sent to assist in the situation. [http://www.myrtlebeachonline.com/mld/myrtlebeachonline/news/nation/12616069.htm]
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/refresh/NATE+shtml/ archive on Hurricane Nate].
===Hurricane Ophelia===
:''Main article: '''[[Hurricane Ophelia]]'''''
[[Image:Hurricane Ophelia September 15 2005.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Hurricane Ophelia on [[September 15]], [[2005]].]]
Tropical Depression Sixteen formed from an area of disturbed weather over the northern [[Bahamas]] on [[September 6]]. Early on [[September 7]], it organized into Tropical Storm Ophelia, becoming the seventh Atlantic hurricane of the season the next day. It churned nearly stationary for two days off the coast of [[Florida]], causing warnings to be raised for the state and fears of heavy, prolonged rainfall. On [[September 9]] to [[September 11]], Ophelia fluctuated in strength, being twice downgraded to a tropical storm only to regain hurricane intensity, while still moving very slowly and erratically in a northeasterly direction.
Through [[September 12]], the storm completed a clockwise loop, and later adopted a more north-westerly motion towards [[North Carolina]] while remaining nearly stationary. It dropped again just below hurricane strength; the inner-core of convection collapsed but soon thereafter regained hurricane strength over the warm waters of the Gulf Stream. Due to the collapse of the inner core of convection, it gave the hurricane an unusually large eye over 100 [[nautical mile]]s (175 km) across. The eye stayed offshore, although the western eyewall reached the coastal areas of North Carolina, causing extensive damage in the [[Outer Banks]] and around [[Cape Fear]], pushing a storm surge up to 15 ft high, tropical storm force winds and up to 18 inches of rain. Current insured damage estimates are around $800 million [[United States dollar|USD]]. Ophelia became extratropical late on [[September 17]] near [[Nova Scotia]], but it continued northeastward, producing strong winds and heavy rain over [[Atlantic Canada]].
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/refresh/OPHELIA+shtml/ archive on Hurricane Ophelia].
===Hurricane Philippe===
A vigorous tropical wave that moved off the [[Africa]]n coast on [[September 9]] showed increasing signs of organization for at least four days before being designated Tropical Depression Seventeen on [[September 17]]. By this time it had moved across the [[Atlantic Ocean]], about 370 statute miles (600 km) from [[Barbados]]. It was upgraded to a tropical storm late that evening. This marked only the third time that the 'P' name has been used to name an Atlantic storm since alphabetical naming began in 1950. The other times were for [[1995 Atlantic hurricane season#Tropical Storm Pablo|Pablo]] in 1995 and [[2003 Atlantic hurricane season#Tropical Storm Peter|Peter]] in [[2003 Atlantic hurricane season|2003]]. On [[September 18]], Philippe was upgraded to a hurricane, becoming the eighth Atlantic hurricane of the season. It was downgraded to a tropical storm on the afternoon of [[September 20]] and dissipated 3 days later south of [[Bermuda]].
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/refresh/PHILIPPE+shtml/ archive on Hurricane Philippe].
===Hurricane Rita===
[[Image:HurricaneRita21Sept05a.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Hurricane Rita near peak intensity in the [[Gulf of Mexico]] on [[September 21]], [[2005]].]]
:''Main article: '''[[Hurricane Rita]]'''''
At the tail end of an old frontal boundary, convection and low level circulation around an upper level low steadily developed for over two days. A surface low formed near it, and the season's 18th tropical depression formed soon thereafter east of the [[Turks and Caicos Islands]]. It became the 17th tropical storm of the season on [[September 18]], less than a day after forming. This marked only the second time that the 'R' name has been used to name an Atlantic storm since alphabetical naming began in 1950; the other time was for [[Hurricane Roxanne|Roxanne]] in 1995.
A mandatory evacuation was ordered for the entire [[Florida Keys]]. The system strengthened into a hurricane on [[September 20]] as it passed over the Keys, and brushed northern [[Cuba]] on its way into the [[Gulf of Mexico]], rapidly strengthening to a category 3 storm later that day, and to a category 4 storm on [[September 21]]. In the afternoon of September 21, the United States Air Force Reserves's reconniassance plane sent to investigate the storm found maximum sustained winds of 165 miles per hour, officially making Rita a Category 5 storm.
A few hours later, a [[dropsonde]] dropped near the eye of Hurricane Rita found a minimum central pressure of 898 millibars (26.55 inches). Later measurements indicated an even lower pressure of 897 millibars (26.49 inches). This makes Rita the third most intense hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic Basin.
Oil production in the gulf, already on reduced output because of Katrina, has been restricted as major oil companies halted activity in front of Rita, causing oil prices to spike again. Rita made landfall in an area which is also dense with refining capacity, and this has placed some upward pressure on future gasoline prices.
The hurricane made landfall near the Texas/Louisiana border in the early morning hours on Saturday, [[September 24]]. It moved northward, dropping heavy rains and spawning tornadoes in its path. It was eventually downgraded to a tropical depression that evening. While it did not deliver a direct hit to the Houston metropolitan area, major flooding was reported in Port Arthur and Beaumont. [[Cameron Parish, Louisiana|Cameron]] and [[Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana|Calcasieu Parishes]] in [[Louisiana]] received direct hits from Rita and were, by and large, totally destroyed.
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/refresh/RITA+shtml/ archive on Hurricane Rita].
* The HPC's [http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/RITA/RITA_archive.shtml archive on Hurricane Rita].
=== Tropical Depression Nineteen ===
A low pressure system formed from a tropical wave about 665 miles (1075 km) west of the southwesternmost [[Cape Verde Islands]] and developed into a tropical depression on [[September 30]]. It experienced strong shear and dissipated on [[October 2]] without strengthening to a tropical storm.
* The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/NINETEEN.shtml? archive on Tropical Depression Nineteen].
=== Hurricane Stan ===
:''Main article: '''[[Hurricane Stan]]'''''
A tropical wave, which moved off the African coast on [[September 17]], formed a [[low pressure area]] when it reached the western [[Caribbean Sea]] and organized into a tropical depression on [[October 1]]. Off the coast of the [[Yucatán Peninsula]], it strengthened into Tropical Storm Stan at 1:35 am CDT (0635 UTC) [[October 2]]. This marks only the second time that the 'S' name has been used to name an Atlantic storm since alphabetical naming began in 1950; the other time was for [[1995_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Tropical_Storm_Sebastien|Sebastien]] in 1995.
Stan made landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula and weakened to a tropical depression, but regained tropical storm strength upon reemerging into the [[Bay of Campeche]]. By 4 am CDT [[October 4]] (0900 UTC), it had sufficiently strengthened to be given hurricane status. Stan made landfall later that morning in the east-central coast of [[Mexico]], south of [[Veracruz, Mexico|Veracruz]], as a Category 1 hurricane on the [[Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale]]. It dissipated the next day.
Stan was blamed for at least 282 deaths across six countries, including at least 176 in [[Guatemala]] and 67 in [[El Salvador]]. That number could reach as high as 400 by the time all damage has been surveyed. In addition, over 100,000 people have been forced to evacuate as a result. The storm produced landslides, flooding, and heavy winds throughout its path through Central America and Mexico. The eruption of the [[Santa Ana Volcano]] on October 1 helped increase the destruction as a result of the floods and mudslides.
*The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/refresh/STAN+shtml/085521.shtml archive on Hurricane Stan].
=== Tropical Storm Tammy ===
An area of tropical disturbance north of the [[Bahamas]] showed signs of having a well-defined surface circulation and sufficient wind velocity, and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Tammy at 7:30 am EDT (1130 UTC) [[October 5]] east of Florida, skipping Tropical Depression status. This marks only the second time that the 'T' name has been used to name an Atlantic storm since alphabetical naming began in 1950; the other time was for [[1995 Atlantic hurricane season#Hurricane Tanya|Tanya]] in 1995. Tammy made landfall in the vicinity of [[Naval Station Mayport]] near [[Jacksonville, Florida]] late that same evening.
Tammy then moved rapidly inland, affecting much of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[South Carolina]] and parts of [[North Carolina]]. After the NHC ceased advisories, the [[Hydrometeorological Prediction Center]] continued to monitor Tammy and its remnants for possible flooding, issuing its last advisory at 2100 UTC [[October 6]] (1700 EDT).
*The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/refresh/TAMMY+shtml/144019.shtml archive on Tropical Storm Tammy]
*The HPC's [http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/TAMMY/TAMMY_archive.shtml archive on Tropical Storm Tammy]
=== Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two ===
Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two formed from a non-tropical low 450 miles (720 km) south-east of [[Bermuda]] on [[October 8]].
==== Current ====
As of 11 AM AST (1500 UTC), the center of the depression was located about 450 miles (725 km) southeast of [[Bermuda]]. The depression is moving to the northwest near 15 mph (24 km/h), and has sustained winds of 35 mph (55 km/h). Strengthening is forecasted, and the system could become a tropical or subtropical storm within the next 24-48 hours, which would be named '''Vince''' (and would also be the first time ever that the 'V' name would be used).
*For official forecasts, see the [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/text/refresh/MIATCPAT2+shtml/ NHC's latest advisory on Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two]
==== [[Tropical cyclone warnings and watches|Warnings and Watches]] ====
* A '''Tropical Storm Watch''' is in effect for Bermuda.
==Timeline of events==
===June===
;[[June 8]]
:*5 pm [[EDT]] (2100 [[UTC]]) - Tropical Depression One forms 315 mi (510 km) south of the western tip of [[Cuba]].
;[[June 9]]
:*7 am EDT (1100 UTC) - Tropical Depression One strengthens into '''Tropical Storm Arlene'''.
;[[June 10]]
:*ca. 6 am EDT (1000 UTC) - '''Tropical Storm Arlene passes over the western tip of [[Cuba]].'''
;[[June 11]]
:*4 pm [[CDT]] (2100 UTC) - '''Tropical Storm Arlene makes landfall west of [[Pensacola, Florida]] with 60 mph winds.'''
:*7 pm CDT (0000 UTC, [[June 12]]) - Tropical Storm Arlene is downgraded to a tropical depression.
;[[June 13]]
:*5 pm EDT (2100 UTC) - The HPC stops monitoring Tropical Depression Arlene over Michigan.
;[[June 28]]
:*5 pm CDT (2200 UTC) - Tropical Depression Two forms about 50 mi (80 km) north-northeast of [[Veracruz, Veracruz]].
:*7 pm CDT (0000 UTC, [[June 29]]) - Tropical Depression Two strengthens into '''Tropical Storm Bret'''.
;[[June 29]]
:*7 am CDT (1200 UTC) - '''Tropical Storm Bret makes landfall near [[Tuxpan]], [[Veracruz]], [[Mexico]] with 40 mph winds.'''
:*10 pm CDT (0300 UTC, [[June 30]]) - Tropical Depression Bret dissipates over Mexico.
=== July ===
;[[July 3]]
:*4 pm CDT (2100 UTC) - Tropical Depression Three forms in the northwestern Caribbean Sea, about 80 mi (125 km) east of [[Chetumal]], [[Quintana Roo]], [[Mexico]].
:*10 pm CDT (0300 UTC [[July 4]]) - '''Tropical Depression Three passes over the [[Yucatán]] peninsula with 35 mph winds.'''
;[[July 4]]
:*11 pm EDT (0300 UTC [[July 5]]) - Tropical Depression Four forms in the southeastern [[Caribbean Sea]], about 100 mi (160 km) west-northwest of [[Grenada]].
;[[July 5]]
:*4 am CDT (0900 UTC) - Tropical Depression Three strengthens into '''Tropical Storm Cindy'''.
:*11 am EDT (1500 UTC) - Tropical Depression Four strengthens into '''Tropical Storm Dennis'''.
:*10:30 pm CDT (0330 UTC [[July 6]]) - '''Tropical Storm Cindy makes landfall southwest of [[Grand Isle, Louisiana]], United States with winds over 70 mph.'''
;[[July 6]]
:*10 am CDT (1500 UTC) - Tropical Storm Cindy is downgraded to a Tropical Depression.
:*5:27 pm EDT (2127 UTC) - Tropical Storm Dennis strengthens to '''Hurricane Dennis'''.
;[[July 7]]
:*8 am EDT (1200 UTC) - Hurricane Dennis reaches Category 2 intensity.
:*11 am EDT (1500 UTC) - Tropical Depression Cindy becomes extratropical over the [[Carolinas]].
:*2 pm EDT (1800 UTC) - Hurricane Dennis reaches Category 3 intensity.
:*11 pm EDT (0300 UTC [[July 8]]) - Hurricane Dennis reaches Category 4 intensity, and begins to parallel the coast of [[Cuba]], with the eye staying offshore.
;[[July 8]]
:*2 pm EDT (1800 UTC) - '''Hurricane Dennis makes its first landfall along the south-central coast of [[Cuba]] with winds of 145 mph (230 km/h).'''
:*5 pm EDT (2100 UTC) - The HPC ceases advisories on the remnants of Tropical Depression Cindy.
;[[July 10]]
:*2:25 pm CDT (1925 UTC) - '''Hurricane Dennis makes its second landfall just west of [[Navarre Beach, Florida]], United States with 120 mph (190 km/h) winds.'''
:*8:00 pm CDT (0100 UTC) - Hurricane Dennis is downgraded to a tropical storm.
:*11 pm AST (0300 UTC [[July 11]]) - Tropical Depression Five forms in the central Atlantic about 1,280 mi (2,055 km) east-southeast of the [[Lesser Antilles]].
;[[July 11]]
:*4 am CDT (0900 UTC) - Tropical Storm Dennis is downgraded to a tropical depression.
:*11 pm [[AST]] (0300 UTC [[July 12]]) - Tropical Depression Five strengthens into '''Tropical Storm Emily'''.
;[[July 13]]
:*10 am CDT (1500 UTC) - The HPC ceases advisories on the remnants of Tropical Depression Dennis.
:*9:55 pm AST (0155 UTC [[July 13]]) - Tropical Storm Emily strengthens into '''Hurricane Emily'''.
;[[July 14]]
:*3 am AST (0700 UTC) - '''Hurricane Emily passes over [[Grenada]] with 90 mph winds.'''
:*11 am AST (1500 UTC) - Hurricane Emily reaches Category 2 intensity.
:*5 pm AST (2100 UTC) - Hurricane Emily reaches Category 3 intensity.
;[[July 15]]
:*2 am AST (0600 UTC) - Hurricane Emily reaches Category 4 intensity.
;[[July 18]]
:*2:30 am EDT (0630 UTC) - '''Hurricane Emily makes its first landfall near [[Tulum]], [[Quintana Roo]], [[Mexico]] with 135 mph winds.'''
;[[July 20]]
:*6:35 am CDT (1135 UTC) - '''Hurricane Emily makes its final landfall near [[Boca Madre]], [[Tamaulipas]], [[Mexico]] with 125 mph winds.'''
;[[July 21]]
:*10 am CDT (1500 UTC) - Tropical Depression Emily dissipates over central Mexico.
:*5 pm EDT (2100 UTC) - Tropical Depression Six forms near the [[Bahamas]].
:*6:55 pm EDT (2255 UTC) - Tropical Depression Six intensifies to '''Tropical Storm Franklin'''.
;[[July 23]]
:*2 pm CDT (1900 UTC) - Tropical Depression Seven forms in the [[Bay of Campeche]].
;[[July 24]]
:*1 am CDT (0600 UTC) - Tropical Depression Seven becomes '''Tropical Storm Gert'''.
:*7 pm CDT (0000 UTC [[July 25]]) - '''Tropical Storm Gert makes landfall near [[Tampico]], [[Tamaulipas]], [[Mexico]] with winds near 50 mph.'''
;[[July 25]]
:*10 am CDT (1500 UTC) - Tropical Depression Gert dissipates over central Mexico.
;[[July 29]]
:*5 pm EDT (2100 UTC) - Tropical Storm Franklin becomes extratropical east of [[Nova Scotia]].
===August===
;[[August 2]]
:*5 pm AST (2100 UTC) - Tropical Depression Eight forms southwest of [[Bermuda]].
;[[August 3]]
:*11 am AST (1500 UTC) - Tropical Depression Eight becomes '''Tropical Storm Harvey'''.
;[[August 4]]
:*5 pm AST (2100 UTC) - Tropical Depression Nine forms 700 <!--guessing--> [[nautical mile]]s (1,300 km) west of [[Cape Verde]].
;[[August 7]]
:*11 am AST (1500 UTC) - Tropical Depression Nine becomes '''Tropical Storm Irene'''.
;[[August 8]]
:*11 am AST (1500 UTC) - Tropical Storm Irene is downgraded to a tropical depression.
:*5 pm AST (2100 UTC) - Tropical Storm Harvey becomes extratropical in northern Atlantic.
;[[August 10]]
:*11 pm AST (0300 UTC [[August 11]]) - Tropical Depression Irene regains tropical storm status.
;[[August 13]]
:*3 pm AST (1900 UTC) - Tropical Depression Ten forms 1100 <!--guessing-->statute miles (1,800 km) east of the [[Lesser Antilles]].
;[[August 14]]
:*11 am AST (1500 UTC) - Tropical Depression Ten dissipates.
:*5:45 pm AST (2145 UTC) - Tropical Storm Irene strengthens to '''Hurricane Irene'''.
;[[August 16]]
:*5 pm AST (2100 UTC) - Hurricane Irene reaches Category 2 intensity.
;[[August 18]]
:*11 am AST (1500 UTC) - Tropical Storm Irene becomes extratropical in northern Atlantic.
;[[August 22]]
:*12 pm EDT (1600 UTC) - Tropical Depression Eleven forms in the Bay of Campeche.
:*5:25pm EDT (2125 UTC) - Tropical Depression Eleven strengthens to '''Tropical Storm Jose'''.
;[[August 23]]
:*1 am CDT (0600 UTC) - '''Tropical Storm Jose makes landfall in [[Veracruz]], [[Mexico]] with 50 mph winds.'''
:*10 am CDT (1500 UTC) - Tropical Depression Jose dissipates.
:*2:35 pm EDT (1835 UTC) - Tropical Depression Twelve forms near [[Long Island, Bahamas]].
;[[August 24]]
:*8:05 am EDT (1205 UTC) - Tropical Depression Twelve is upgraded to '''Tropical Storm Katrina'''.
;[[August 25]]
:*3:35 pm EDT (1935 UTC) - Tropical Storm Katrina is upgraded to '''Hurricane Katrina'''.
:*6:30 pm EDT (2230 UTC) - '''Hurricane Katrina makes first landfall between [[Hallandale Beach]] and [[North Miami Beach, Florida]], United States with 80 mph winds.'''
;[[August 26]]
:*1 am EDT (0500 UTC) - Hurricane Katrina is downgraded to a tropical storm.
:*5 am EDT (0900 UTC) - Tropical Storm Katrina is again upgraded to Hurricane Katrina over the [[Gulf of Mexico]].
:*11:30 am EDT (1530 UTC) - Hurricane Katrina reaches Category 2 intensity.
;[[August 27]]
:*5 am EDT (0900 UTC) - Hurricane Katrina reaches Category 3 intensity.
;[[August 28]]
:*12:40 am CDT (0540 UTC) - Hurricane Katrina reaches Category 4 intensity.
:*7 am CDT (1200 UTC) - Hurricane Katrina reaches Category 5 intensity.
:*4 pm CDT (1900 UTC) - Hurricane Katrina's central pressure drops to 902 mb, making it the fourth most intense Atlantic hurricane on record
:*3 pm AST (1900 UTC) - Tropical Depression Thirteen forms about 960 statute miles (1,550 km) east of the [[Lesser Antilles]].
;[[August 29]]
:*6:10 am CDT (1110 UTC) - '''Hurricane Katrina makes a second landfall near [[Buras, Louisiana]], United States with 145 mph winds.'''
:*10 am CDT (1500 UTC) - '''Hurricane Katrina makes a third landfall near [[Pearlington, Mississippi]], United States with 125 mph winds''' after crossing [[Breton Sound]].
:*11 am AST (1500 UTC) - Tropical Depression Thirteen degenerates into a broad area of low pressure.
:*7 pm CDT (0000 UTC, [[August 30]]) - Hurricane Katrina is downgraded to a tropical storm.
;[[August 30]]
:*10 am CDT (1500 UTC) - Tropical Storm Katrina is downgraded to a tropical depression.
;[[August 31]]
:*11 am AST (1500 UTC) - Tropical Depression Thirteen regenerates 890 statute miles (1430 km) east-southeast of [[Bermuda]].
:*11 am EDT (1500 UTC) - Tropical Depression Katrina is downgraded to a remnant low over eastern [[Ontario]].
:*5 pm AST (2100 UTC) - Tropical Depression Thirteen is upgraded to '''Tropical Storm Lee'''.
:*11 pm AST (0300 UTC, [[September 1]]) - Tropical Storm Lee is downgraded to Tropical Depression Lee.
:*11 pm EDT (0300 UTC, [[September 1]]) - The HPC stops monitoring the remnants of Tropical Depression Katrina over southeastern [[Canada]].
===September===
;[[September 1]]
:*11 am AST (1500 UTC) - Tropical Depression Fourteen forms 1,100 statute miles (1,770 km) east of the [[Leeward Islands]].
:*11 pm AST (0300 UTC, [[September 2]]) - Tropical Depression Lee dissipates over the central [[Atlantic]].
;[[September 2]]
:*11 am AST (1500 UTC) - Tropical Depression Fourteen is upgraded to '''Tropical Storm Maria'''.
;[[September 4]]
:*5 am AST (0900 UTC) - Tropical Storm Maria strengthens into '''Hurricane Maria'''.
;[[September 5]]
:*11 am AST (1500 UTC) - Hurricane Maria reaches Category 2 intensity.
:*5 pm AST (2100 UTC) - Tropical Depression Fifteen forms 350 mi (560 km) south-southwest of [[Bermuda]].
:*11 pm AST (0300 UTC, [[September 6]]) - Hurricane Maria reaches Category 3 intensity.
:*11 pm EDT (0300 UTC, [[September 6]]) - Tropical Depression Fifteen strengthens into '''Tropical Storm Nate'''.
;[[September 6]]
:*11 am EDT (1500 UTC) - Tropical Depression Sixteen forms over the northern [[Bahamas]].
;[[September 7]]
:*2 am EDT (0600 UTC) - Tropical Depression Sixteen strengthens into '''Tropical Storm Ophelia'''.
:*11 am EDT (1500 UTC) - Tropical Storm Nate strengthens into '''Hurricane Nate'''.
;[[September 8]]
:*5 pm EDT (2100 UTC) - Tropical Storm Ophelia strengthens into '''Hurricane Ophelia'''.
;[[September 10]]
:*5 am AST (0900 UTC) - Tropical Storm Maria becomes extratropical mid-way between [[Cape Race]] and the [[Azores]].
:*11 am EDT (1500 UTC) - Tropical Storm Nate becomes extratropical over the central Atlantic Ocean.
;[[September 14]]
:*11 pm EDT (0300 UTC) - '''Hurricane Ophelia passes southeast of [[Cape Lookout]], [[North Carolina]] with the storm's center staying just offshore.'''
;[[September 15]]
:*8 pm EDT (0000 UTC [[September 16]]) - Hurricane Ophelia is downgraded to a tropical storm.
;[[September 17]]
:*8:20 am EDT (1220 UTC) - Tropical Depression Seventeen forms 370 miles (600 km or 690 km, depending on which miles) east of [[Barbados]].
:*11 pm EDT (0300 UTC [[September 18]]) - Tropical Storm Ophelia becomes extratropical off the coast of central [[Nova Scotia]].
:*11 pm EDT (0300 UTC [[September 18]]) - Tropical Depression Seventeen strengthens into '''Tropical Storm Philippe'''.
:*11 pm EDT (0300 UTC [[September 18]]) - Tropical Depression Eighteen forms 95 statute miles (155 km) east-northeast of [[Grand Turk Island]].
;[[September 18]]
:*5 pm EDT (2100 UTC) - Tropical Depression Eighteen strengthens into '''Tropical Storm Rita'''.
:*11 pm EDT (0300 UTC [[September 19]]) - Tropical Storm Philippe strengthens into '''Hurricane Philippe'''.
;[[September 20]]
:*9:15 am EDT (1315 UTC) - Tropical Storm Rita strengthens into '''Hurricane Rita'''.
:*1:15 pm EDT (1715 UTC) - Hurricane Rita reaches Category 2 intensity.
:*5 pm EDT (2100 UTC) - Hurricane Philippe is downgraded to a tropical storm.
;[[September 21]]
:*2 am EDT (0600 UTC) - Hurricane Rita reaches Category 3 intensity.
:*8 am EDT (1200 UTC) - Hurricane Rita reaches Category 4 intensity.
:*2:55 pm CDT (1955 UTC) - Hurricane Rita reaches Category 5 intensity.
:*6:55 pm CDT (2355 UTC) - '''Hurricane Rita's central pressure drops to 897 mb, making it the third most intense Atlantic hurricane on record.'''
;[[September 23]]
:*5 pm EDT (2100 UTC) - Tropical Storm Philippe is downgraded to a tropical depression.
:*11 pm EDT (0300 UTC [[September 24]]) - Tropical Depression Philippe becomes a swirl of low clouds embedded within a broader non-tropical low.
;[[September 24]]
:*2:30 am CDT (0730 UTC) - '''Hurricane Rita makes landfall in [[Louisiana]] just east of [[Sabine Pass]] with 120 mph winds.'''
:*1 pm CDT (1800 UTC) - Hurricane Rita is downgraded to a tropical storm.
:*10 pm CDT (0300 UTC, [[September 25]]) - Tropical Storm Rita is downgraded to a tropical depression.
;[[September 26]]
:*4 am CDT (0900 UTC) - The HPC stops monitoring Tropical Depression Rita while over the [[Midwestern United States|U.S. Midwest]], the moisture having been absorbed into a cold front. This leads to the first lull period in the Atlantic since Tropical Depression Twelve (later known as '''Hurricane Katrina''') formed on August 23rd.
;[[September 30]]
:*5 pm EDT (2100 UTC) - Tropical Depression Nineteen forms 665 miles west-southwest of the [[Cape Verde]] Islands.
===October===
;[[October 1]]
:*10 am CDT (1500 UTC) - Tropical Depression Twenty forms 125 miles east-southeast of [[Tulum]], [[Mexico]].
;[[October 2]]
:*1:35 am CDT (0635 UTC) - Tropical Depression Twenty strengthens into '''Tropical Storm Stan'''.
:*4 am CDT (0900 UTC) - '''Tropical Storm Stan makes first landfall on the [[Yucatán Peninsula]] about 40 miles south of [[Tulum, Quintana Roo|Tulum]] with 45 mph winds'''.
:*11 am AST (1500 UTC) - Tropical Depression Nineteen dissipates.
:*10 pm CDT (0300 UTC) - Tropical Storm Stan is downgraded to a tropical depression.
;[[October 3]]
:*4 am CDT (0900 UTC) - Tropical Depression Stan restrengthens into '''Tropical Storm Stan'''.
;[[October 4]]
:*4 am CDT (0900 UTC) - Tropical Storm Stan strengthens into '''Hurricane Stan'''.
:*10 am CDT (1500 UTC) - '''Hurricane Stan makes second landfall near [[Punta Roca Partida, Mexico]] with 80 mph winds.'''
:*1 pm CDT (1800 UTC) - Hurricane Stan is downgraded to a tropical storm.
:*10 pm CDT (0300 UTC) - Tropical Storm Stan is downgraded to a tropical depression.
;[[October 5]]
:*4 am CDT (0900 UTC) - Tropical Depression Stan dissipates over southeastern Mexico.
:*7:30 am EDT (1130 UTC) - '''Tropical Storm Tammy''' forms 20 miles (30 km) east of Cape Canaveral, Florida.
:*8 pm EDT (2300 UTC) - '''Tropical Storm Tammy makes landfall near [[Naval Station Mayport|Naval Station Mayport, Florida]] with 50 mph winds.'''
;[[October 6]]
:*11 am EDT (1500 UTC) - Tropical Storm Tammy is downgraded to a tropical depression.
:*5 pm EDT (2100 UTC) - The HPC stops monitoring Tropical Depression Tammy over western Florida.
;[[October 8]]
:*11 am EDT (1500 UTC) - Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two forms 450 miles (700 km) south-east of [[Bermuda]].
== Records and Notable Rankings ==
The 2005 season has already broken numerous records for tropical cyclone activity, and is on pace for many more records.
=== Rapid formation ===
* [[July 5]], [[Hurricane Dennis|Tropical Storm Dennis]], earliest formation of a season's fourth tropical storm (previous record Cindy on [[July 7]], [[1959]]; 1959's third storm was not named, giving the fourth storm the "C" name)
* [[July 11]], [[Hurricane Emily|Tropical Storm Emily]], earliest formation of a season's fifth tropical storm (previous record Debra on [[July 23]], [[1959]])
* [[July 21]], Tropical Storm Franklin, earliest formation of a season's sixth tropical storm (previous record [[August 4]], [[1936]])
* [[July 24]], Tropical Storm Gert, earliest formation of a season's seventh tropical storm (previous record [[August 7]], [[1936]])
* [[August 3]], Tropical Storm Harvey, earliest formation of a season's eighth tropical storm (previous record [[August 15]], [[1936]])
* [[August 7]], Tropical Storm Irene, earliest formation of a season's ninth tropical storm (previous record [[August 20]], [[1936]])
* [[August 22]], Tropical Storm Jose, earliest formation of a season's tenth tropical storm (previous record Jerry on [[August 23]], [[1995]])
* [[August 24]], [[Hurricane Katrina|Tropical Storm Katrina]], earliest formation of a season's eleventh tropical storm (previous record of [[August 28]] held by three different storms, 1933, 1936, and Karen in 1995)
Tropical Storm Lee interrupted the trend, becoming at 2100 UTC on [[August 31]] the third earliest formation of a season's twelfth tropical storm, behind storm 12 at 0600 UTC on [[August 31]], [[1933]], and [[Hurricane Luis|Luis]] on [[August 29]], [[1995]].
* [[September 2]], Tropical Storm Maria, earliest formation of a season's thirteenth tropical storm (previous record [[September 8]], [[1936]])
* [[September 5]], Tropical Storm Nate, earliest formation of a season's fourteenth tropical storm (previous record [[September 10]], [[1936]])
* [[September 7]], [[Hurricane Ophelia|Tropical Storm Ophelia]], earliest formation of a season's fifteenth tropical storm (previous record [[September 16]], [[1933]])
* [[September 17]], Tropical Storm Philippe, earliest formation of a season's sixteenth tropical storm (previous record [[September 27]], [[1933]])
* [[September 18]], [[Hurricane Rita|Tropical Storm Rita]], earliest formation of a season's seventeenth tropical storm (previous record [[September 28]], [[1933]])
[[Hurricane Stan|Tropical Storm Stan]] interrupted the trend again, becoming at 0635 UTC on [[October 2]] the second earliest formation of a season's eighteenth tropical storm, behind storm 18 at 0600 UTC on [[October 1]], [[1933]].
* [[October 5]], Tropical Storm Tammy, earliest formation of a season's nineteenth tropical storm (previous record [[October 25]], [[1933]])
=== Early strength ===
When its sustained winds reached 150 mph on [[July 8]] and a minimum pressure of 930 mbar on [[July 10]], [[Hurricane Dennis]] became the strongest storm to form prior to [[August]], and the earliest Category 4 storm to form in the Caribbean.
When [[Hurricane Emily]] reached Category 4 intensity on [[July 15]], the 2005 season became the only season to have two hurricanes reach Category 4 intensity before the end of July. Emily also broke Dennis's nine-day-old record for the strongest storm on record before [[August]] when its maximum sustained winds reached 155 mph on [[July 16]], along with a minimum central pressure of 929 mbar.
This activity was reflected in the [[Accumulated Cyclone Energy]] value at the end of July; at 61, it was the highest ever. The previous highest was 49 in 1916; the modern record was 33 in [[1966 Atlantic hurricane season|1966]].
=== Number of storms ===
The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season with 19 storms is currently tied for the second most active season on record with the [[1880-1889 Atlantic hurricane seasons#1887 Atlantic hurricane season|1887 season]], the [[1969 Atlantic hurricane season|1969 season]] (although one of the 19 storms that year was [[subtropical]]) and the 1995 season (19 storms). It trails the [[1933 Atlantic hurricane season|1933 season]] (21 storms).
With Tropical Storm Tammy, 2005 is also the second season to use the 'T' name since naming of Atlantic storms began in 1950 (the other storm was [[Hurricane Tanya|Tanya]] in 1995). It also shared the distinction of using 'R' and 'S' names with the 1995 season. No season so far has used the 'V' or 'W' names.
2005 holds the record for the most storms to ever form during the month of July. Five storms (Cindy, Dennis, Emily, Franklin, and Gert) formed during that period. The previous record for most storms to form in the month of July was 4; this record was held by the 1966 and 1995 seasons.
The number of storms before August—seven—is also a record, breaking the [[1880-1889 Atlantic hurricane seasons|1887]], [[1933 Atlantic hurricane season|1933]], [[1936 Atlantic hurricane season|1936]], [[1959 Atlantic hurricane season|1959]], 1966, and 1995 record of 5.
2005 and 1933 share the record for the most storms forming before the end of September.
=== Strongest storms ===
[[Hurricane Katrina]] now ranks as the fifth most intense Atlantic hurricane on record (behind [[Hurricane Gilbert|Gilbert]] at 888 mb, the [[Labor Day Hurricane of 1935]] at 892 mb, [[Hurricane Allen|Allen]] at 899 mb, and now Rita; see below) when the storm's central pressure dropped to 902 mb on [[August 28]], [[2005]].
[[Hurricane Rita]] now ranks as the third most intense Atlantic hurricane and the most intense hurricane on record in the [[Gulf of Mexico]] having reached a pressure reading of 897 mb on [[September 21]]. Katrina and Rita are the two most intense storms ever in a single season.
In addition, [[Hurricane Dennis]] and [[Hurricane Emily]], both in [[July]], reached 930 mb and 929 mb, respectively, the two strongest storms on record in July.
Katrina was also the third most intense hurricane on record to make landfall in the United States in terms of pressure (918 mbar), behind the [[Labor Day Hurricane of 1935]] and [[Hurricane Camille]]
in 1969.
When [[Hurricane Rita|Rita]] reached Category 5 intensity on [[September 21]], 25 days after [[Hurricane Katrina|Katrina]], it became only the third time (and the first time since [[1961_Atlantic_hurricane_season|1961]]) that there have been two Category 5 hurricanes in a single season. In addition, [[Hurricane Emily|Emily]] reached 155 mph and was on the Category 4/5 boundary at its peak.
==2005 storm names==
The following names will be used for tropical storms and hurricanes that form in the North Atlantic in 2005. This is the same list used for the [[1999 Atlantic hurricane season|1999 season]], with the exceptions of Franklin and Lee, which replace [[Hurricane Floyd|Floyd]] and [[Hurricane Lenny|Lenny]]. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season. Storms were named Franklin, Lee, Maria, Nate, Ophelia, Philippe, Rita, Stan and Tammy for the first time in 2005. Names not yet assigned are marked in <font color="gray">gray</font>. '''Bold''' names are currently active.
{| width="90%"
|
*Arlene
*Bret
*Cindy
*[[Hurricane Dennis|Dennis]]
*[[Hurricane Emily|Emily]]
*Franklin
*Gert
|
*Harvey
*Irene
*Jose
*[[Hurricane Katrina|Katrina]]
*Lee
*Maria
*Nate
|
*[[Hurricane Ophelia|Ophelia]]
*Philippe
*[[Hurricane Rita|Rita]]
*[[Hurricane Stan|Stan]]
*Tammy
*<div style="color: #888;">Vince (unused)</div>
*<div style="color: #888;">Wilma (unused)</div>
|} <!-- please don't add Greek names here, since there are no Greek letter storms yet -->
Once the list is exhausted, the letters of the [[Greek Alphabet]] (24 letters in all) will be used to name storms that form after Wilma, starting with Alpha, then Beta, Gamma, etc.
Names to be retired will be announced by the [[World Meteorological Organization]] in the spring of 2006. Any statement about retired names made before then is purely speculative. Due to the strength and number of the storms this season, it is probable that many names will be retired; the most names that have ever been retired from a single season is four, and the 2005 season could surpass that. <!-- No names here, speculation doesn't belong to the article; please speculate on the talk page only. They will be removed. -->
==See also==
*[[List of Atlantic hurricane seasons]]
*[[List of notable tropical cyclones]]
*[[Tropical cyclone]]
*[[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale]]
*[[2005 Pacific hurricane season]]
*[[2005 Pacific typhoon season]]
*[[2005-06 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone season]]
== External links ==
{{Commons|2005 Atlantic hurricane season}}
* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/text/MIATWOAT.shtml National Hurricane Center's Atlantic Tropical Weather Outlook] - updated four times daily
* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ National Hurricane Center]
* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/ National Hurricane Center's 2005 Archive]
* [http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2004/dec2004/ William Gray's 2005 Extended Range Forecast] (issued [[December 3]], [[2004]])
* [http://images.ibsys.com/sh/hurricanetracker/hurtracker.swf Flash Hurricane Tracker] - track active and archived hurricanes.
{{Atlantic hurricane season categories|2005}}
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