New Netherland and Navy Yard–Ballpark station: Difference between pages

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{{WMATA infobox

'''New Netherland''' ([[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Nieuw-Nederland'', [[Latin]]: ''Nova Belgica'' or ''Novum Belgium'') was the territory claimed by the [[United Provinces]] ([[the Netherlands]]) on the eastern coast of [[North America]] in the [[17th century]]. New Netherland was part of the [[Dutch colonization of the Americas]].

|name = Navy Yard

|picture = Navy_yard.jpg

|opened = [[December 28]], [[1991]]

|platform = Center platform

|RTU = -

|line info = {{WMATA line|previous=[[Anacostia (Washington Metro)|Anacostia]]|line=Green|next=[[Waterfront-SEU (Washington Metro)|Waterfront-SEU]]}}

|}}'''Navy Yard''' is a [[Washington Metro]] station in [[Washington, DC]] on the [[Green Line (Washington Metro)|Green Line]]. The station is located in [[Washington DC (southeast)|Southeast Washington]], with entrances on M Street at Half Street and New Jersey Avenue.

The station is named for the nearby [[Washington Navy Yard]]. The industrial neighborhood is a focus for redevelopment; the Arthur Capper and Carrollsburg Dwellings, nearby [[public housing]] projects, are scheduled for demolition. The Southeast Federal Center, a U.S. government office complex built on the former Navy Yard Annex, opened in [[2000]]; the station serves many commuters to the new headquarters of the [[United States Department of Transportation]] and other agencies. The main tourist attraction is the [[Navy Museum]], on the grounds of the Navy Yard.

[[Image:Map-Novi Belgii Novæque Angliæ (Amsterdam, 1685).jpg|thumb|Map of New Netherland (17th century)]]

Plans for a [[Washington Nationals#The_Ballpark_Controversy|new baseball stadium]] for the [[Washington Nationals]] also call for expansion of the station to serve game-day crowds.

The coast was previously explored by [[Giovanni da Verrazano]] in [[1524]] whose expedition was financed by the citizens of [[Lyon]], [[France]], under the auspices of [[Francis I of France|King François I]]. Despite this, the area was mostly ignored by Europeans for a long time afterwards.

==History==

In [[1609]], [[Henry Hudson]] set sail on an exploration trip commissioned by the [[Dutch East India Company]], on the ship ''[[Halve Maen]]'' (''Half Moon''), to find a [[Northern Sea Route|north-east passage]] to [[East Asia]]. However he found his intended route north of [[Norway]] blocked by ice and turned west instead, exploring the coast of North America and sailing up the [[Hudson River]] as far as the future [[Albany, New York|Albany]].

A station serving the Navy Yard area existed in original plans for Metro; however, the routing of the Green Line below proved controversial. In [[1976]] the original routing was rejected as too costly and disruptive. A new study proposed a more westerly path which would move the Anacostia station west, replace the Good Hope Road station with one at [[Congress Heights (Washington Metro)|Congress Heights]], and terminate at Brinkley instead of [[Branch Ave (Washington Metro)|Branch Ave]]. In December [[1977]] public hearings this route was criticized as disserving poorer landowners in the area, but WMATA approved the western route in [[1980]], scheduled to open in [[1986]]. Supporters of the Branch Avenue route then took the case to the [[U.S. District Court]].

The court ruled in February [[1981]] that the 1977 hearings were invalid, as insufficient public notice had been given, and issued an injunction halting construction below the [[Waterfront-SEU (Washington Metro)|Waterfront station]]. New hearings were held in June [[1982]], but the court again ruled against WMATA in October [[1983]]. A third set of hearings in July [[1984]] finally selected the present route, allowing constructon to commence.[http://www.roadstothefuture.com/Metro_Branch_Ave_Opening.html]

Hudson engaged in small-scale bartering with the [[Lenape]] and [[Mahican]] Indians he encountered, exchanging beads and metal goods in exchange for [[American Beaver|beaver]] pelts. At the time, [[fur trading]], mainly from the [[Baltic Sea]] region and [[Russia]], was a lucrative trade business in Europe. In [[1610]], the prospect of exploiting this new resource spurred a group of Dutch ''particuliere kooplieden'' (private merchant-traders) to send a follow up voyage to explore the river Hudson had discovered. A flurry of trade voyages to the region followed in the next several years under the command of such captains as [[Henrick Chistiaensen]], [[Adriaen Block]], and [[Cornelius Jacobsen Mey|Cornelius Mey]], after whom [[Cape May]] is named.

Navy Yard is the last station prior to crossing the [[Anacostia River]]; the tunnel below the Anacostia was the first drilled with a [[tunnel boring machine]] in the United States. Service to the station finally began on [[December 28]], [[1991]] with the extension of the Green Line to [[Anacostia (Washington Metro)|Anacostia]].

In [[1613]], [[Adriaen Block|Block]] sailed on his fourth voyage to what is now called the [[Hudson River]] aboard his ship the ''[[Tyger (ship)|Tyger]]''. While anchored in the Hudson on lower [[Manhattan]], fire destroyed his ship, forcing him and his men to spend the winter in Manhattan. Over the winter, he and his men, with help from the [[Lenape]], built a new ship, the ''Onrust'' (''Restless''), in which they explored the [[East River]] and [[Long Island Sound]] in the spring of [[1614]]. Returning to Europe, they left behind Jan Rodrigues, a [[mulatto]] from [[San Domingo]], to organize trade with the Indians until the next voyage returned.

==References==

Block's map of his 1613–1614 voyage was the first to use the name "New Netherland", which he applied to the land between [[New France|French Canada]] and [[Virginia Colony|English Virginia]]. It was also the first to depict [[Long Island]] as an island.

* RoadstotheFuture.com: "[http://www.roadstothefuture.com/Metro_Branch_Ave_Opening.html Metrorail Branch Avenue Route Completion]"

== External links ==

The [[Republic of the Seven United Netherlands]] claimed the area between 40 and 45 degrees North, and several trading companies from [[Amsterdam]] established competing posts to trade with the native inhabitants. A Dutch fort in Lower Manhattan gave birth to New York City in [[1613]]; [[Fort Nassau]] was established in [[1614]] near the future Albany giving thus birth to the capital city of the state. In [[1621]] the [[Dutch West India Company]] was formed with a monopoly of the trade. In [[1624]] the company built [[Fort Orange]] at the present ___location of Albany. The primary purpose of the inland forts was to serve as [[fur trade|fur trading]] outposts, called ''factorijen'' (factories). (Both Fort Nassau and Fort Orange were named in honor of the Dutch House of [[House of Orange-Nassau|Orange-Nassau]].)

* WMATA: [http://www.wmata.com/metrorail/Stations/station.cfm?station=84 Navy Yard Station]

* Stationmasters.com: [http://www.stationmasters.com/System_Map/NAVYYARD/navyyard.html Navy Yard Station]

* world.nycsubway.org: [http://world.nycsubway.org/us/washdc/green/wmata-green-navy.html Navy Yard Station]

* The Schumin Web Transit Center: [http://transit.schuminweb.com/rail/washington/stations/green/navy-yard.asp Navy Yard Station]

[[Category:Washington Metro stations]]

Most of the forts were established in the territory occupied by the [[Algonquian language|Algonquian]]-speaking [[Native American]]s, in particular the [[Lenape]], who in the early decades were the primary suppliers of pelts to the ''factorijen''. As the [[American beaver|beaver]] was depleted in the lower river valleys, by the middle 17th century, the company relied increasingly on inland native suppliers such as the [[Iroquois]].

The first purchase of land from the natives was of Manhattan, by [[Peter Minuit]]. The Dutch policy was to require formal purchase of all land that they settled, although the principle of land ownership was not one that the existing inhabitants recognised, likely resulting in misunderstandings. For example, the people from whom Minuit "bought" Manhattan did not live on the island, and probably thought that they were selling a share in the hunting rights.

Since the colony was founded as an economic enterprise, not as a means of transplanting [[Europe]]an population, the company only reluctantly agreed to the establishent of family settlements, mostly in order to grow food for the company employees. The first such settlers arrived in [[1624]] the 11 years old post of Manhattan, when 30 [[Walloons|Walloon]] families settled on [[Manhattan]] island, and in the area of the [[Delaware River]].

In [[1664]], an English fleet sailed into the harbor and captured the colony. They met minimal resistance, perhaps because of the unpopularity of the colonial director-general, [[Peter Stuyvesant]]. He was unpopular with the residents, in part because he tried to restrict [[religious freedom]]: the [[Flushing Remonstrance]] of [[1657]] objected to his ban on [[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]] as an infringement on the residents as Christians and as Dutch citizens.

At the time New Netherland was conquered by the English, the colony had about 6,000 inhabitants, of which about 1,500 lived in "Nieuw Amsterdam". A portion of their descendants would continue speaking Dutch till the beginning of the 19th century.

After the [[Second Anglo-Dutch War|second]] and [[Third Anglo-Dutch War|third Anglo-Dutch Wars]], with the settlement changing hands a few times, it was finally ceded to England under the provisions of the [[Treaty of Breda]] and [[Treaty of Westminster (1674)|Treaty of Westminster]] on [[November 10]], [[1674]].

== See also ==

*[[Director-General of New Netherland]]

*[[Patroon]]

*[[Kiliaen Van Rensselaer]]

== External links ==

*[http://www.nnp.org/ New Netherland Project]

*[http://www.colonialvoyage.com/ Dutch Portuguese Colonial History]Dutch Portuguese Colonial History: history of the Portuguese and the Dutch in Sri Lanka (Ceylon), India, Malacca, Bengal, Formosa, Africa, Brazil. Language Heritage, lists of remains, maps.

{{Former Dutch colonies}}

[[de:Nieuw Nederland]]

[[es:Nuevos Países Bajos]]

[[fr:Nouvelle-Belgique]]

[[it:Nuova Olanda]]

[[nl:Nieuw Nederland]]

[[pl:Nowa Holandia]]

[[pt:Novos Países Baixos]]

[[Category:New Netherland| ]]