Nevada-class battleship and Navy Yard–Ballpark station: Difference between pages

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Revision as of 00:21, 14 November 2005

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{{WMATA infobox

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|name = Navy Yard

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|picture = Navy_yard.jpg

! colspan=2 style="color: white; height: 30px; background: navy;"| '''''Nevada''-class battleship'''

|opened = [[December 28]], [[1991]]

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|platform = Center platform

|colspan=2 align=center|[[Image:Uss nevada.jpg|300px|USS Nevada, the lead ship of the class]]

|RTU = -

|line info = {{WMATA line|previous=[[Anacostia (Washington Metro)|Anacostia]]|line=Green|next=[[Waterfront-SEU (Washington Metro)|Waterfront-SEU]]}}

! colspan=2 style="color: white; height: 30px; background: navy;"| Class Overview

|}}'''Navy Yard''' is a [[Washington Metro]] station in [[Washington, DC]] on the [[Green Line (Washington Metro)|Green Line]]. The station is located in [[Washington DC (southeast)|Southeast Washington]], with entrances on M Street at Half Street and New Jersey Avenue.

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|Class type:||[[Battleship]]

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|Class name:||[[Nevada|The State of Nevada]]

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|Preceded by:||[[New York class battleship|''New York'' class]]

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|Succeeded by:||[[Pennsylvania class battleship|''Pennsylvania'' class]]

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|Ships of the line:||''[[USS Nevada (BB-36)|Nevada (BB-36)]], [[USS Oklahoma (BB-37)|Oklahoma (BB-37)]]''

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! colspan=2 style="color: white; height: 30px; background: navy;"| General Characteristics (USS ''Nevada'')

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|[[Displacement]]:||Standard: 27,500 &nbsp;[[ton]]s;<br>Mean War Service:

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|Length:||583&nbsp;[[foot (unit of length)|ft]] (177.7&nbsp;[[Metre|m]])

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|[[Beam]]:||95&nbsp;ft 3&nbsp;[[inch|in]] (29&nbsp;m)

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|[[Draft]]:||28.5&nbsp;ft (8.7&nbsp;m)

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|Speed:||20.5&nbsp;[[knot (speed)|knot]]s (38&nbsp;kp/h)

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|Complement:||864 officers and men

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|Max. cruising radius||

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|Power:||''Nevada'': 26,500 horsepower (20 MW);<br>''Oklahoma'': 24,800 horsepower (18 MW)

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|Drive:||Two propellers;<br>''Nevada'': geared steam turbines<br>''Oklahoma'': triple-expansion steam reciprocating engines

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|Fuel:||

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|[[Armour]]||[[Belt armor|Belt]]:<br>[[Bulkhead]]s:<br>[[Barbette]]s:<br>[[Turret]]s:<br>[[Deck]]s:

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|}

The station is named for the nearby [[Washington Navy Yard]]. The industrial neighborhood is a focus for redevelopment; the Arthur Capper and Carrollsburg Dwellings, nearby [[public housing]] projects, are scheduled for demolition. The Southeast Federal Center, a U.S. government office complex built on the former Navy Yard Annex, opened in [[2000]]; the station serves many commuters to the new headquarters of the [[United States Department of Transportation]] and other agencies. The main tourist attraction is the [[Navy Museum]], on the grounds of the Navy Yard.

Plans for a [[Washington Nationals#The_Ballpark_Controversy|new baseball stadium]] for the [[Washington Nationals]] also call for expansion of the station to serve game-day crowds.

==History==

A station serving the Navy Yard area existed in original plans for Metro; however, the routing of the Green Line below proved controversial. In [[1976]] the original routing was rejected as too costly and disruptive. A new study proposed a more westerly path which would move the Anacostia station west, replace the Good Hope Road station with one at [[Congress Heights (Washington Metro)|Congress Heights]], and terminate at Brinkley instead of [[Branch Ave (Washington Metro)|Branch Ave]]. In December [[1977]] public hearings this route was criticized as disserving poorer landowners in the area, but WMATA approved the western route in [[1980]], scheduled to open in [[1986]]. Supporters of the Branch Avenue route then took the case to the [[U.S. District Court]].

The court ruled in February [[1981]] that the 1977 hearings were invalid, as insufficient public notice had been given, and issued an injunction halting construction below the [[Waterfront-SEU (Washington Metro)|Waterfront station]]. New hearings were held in June [[1982]], but the court again ruled against WMATA in October [[1983]]. A third set of hearings in July [[1984]] finally selected the present route, allowing constructon to commence.[http://www.roadstothefuture.com/Metro_Branch_Ave_Opening.html]

Navy Yard is the last station prior to crossing the [[Anacostia River]]; the tunnel below the Anacostia was the first drilled with a [[tunnel boring machine]] in the United States. Service to the station finally began on [[December 28]], [[1991]] with the extension of the Green Line to [[Anacostia (Washington Metro)|Anacostia]].

== References ==

* RoadstotheFuture.com: "[http://www.roadstothefuture.com/Metro_Branch_Ave_Opening.html Metrorail Branch Avenue Route Completion]"

==External links==

The '''''Nevada'' class battleships''' carried the [[United States Navy]]'s first triple gun turrets, a feature that would be seen in all but one of its future [[battleship]] designs (the [[Colorado class battleship|''Colorado'' class]] would be the last to carry twin turrets, armed with dual-mounted 16" guns). Even more significantly, they introduced the so-called "all or nothing" armor scheme, in which protection of vital areas was optimized against heavy caliber guns, leaving other parts of the ship essentially unprotected. This reflected a growing awareness that improved gunfire controls would drive battleship engagements out to long ranges, where smaller guns would only serve to defend against torpedo and air attack. Thus, armor intended to counter those guns would be, at best, a waste of valuable weight. The basic concept of the ''Nevada''s' armor system was ultimately adopted by all naval powers. The ships marked the end (in the USN) of the midships turret, which had traditionally proven to be problematic because of the necessity of having the midships magazine surrounded by extremely hot boilers and pressurized steam lines. Instead, Turrets I and IV had an additional weapon added, becoming triples instead of doubles and allowing the same amount of firepower with one fewer turret.

* WMATA: [http://www.wmata.com/metrorail/Stations/station.cfm?station=84 Navy Yard Station]

* Stationmasters.com: [http://www.stationmasters.com/System_Map/NAVYYARD/navyyard.html Navy Yard Station]

* world.nycsubway.org: [http://world.nycsubway.org/us/washdc/green/wmata-green-navy.html Navy Yard Station]

* The Schumin Web Transit Center: [http://transit.schuminweb.com/rail/washington/stations/green/navy-yard.asp Navy Yard Station]

[[Category:Washington Metro stations]]

These were also the Navy's first to have oil as their primary fuel and the last to have only two propellers. ''Oklahoma'' represented the final use of reciprocating machinery. They originally were completed with a very large battery of five-inch (127 mm) guns to defend against enemy [[destroyer]]s. However, several of those weapons, mounted near the bow and stern in very wet positions, were removed within a few years.

The ''Nevada''s were active in the [[Atlantic Ocean]] before and during [[World War I]], deploying to the European war zone in [[1918]] to help protect Allied supply lines. Their service continued after the "Great War", though by the early [[1920s]] they were the oldest of the main Battle Fleet units. Both were extensively modernized between [[1927]] and [[1929]], receiving greater elevation for their heavy guns, modern gunfire controls in new tripod masts, and two catapults for scouting and observation airplanes. Their five-inch (127 mm) 51-caliber anti-destroyer guns were moved to dryer locations in the superstructure and a battery of five-inch (127 mm) 25-caliber anti-aircraft guns was added. Protection against shellfire, bombs and torpedoes was improved, increasing their width to nearly 33 meters (108 ft).

Both ships were sunk in the [[7 December]] [[1941]] [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], with ''Nevada''’s experience proving that the watertight integrity of older warships was unlikely to be satisfactory. ''Oklahoma'' was a total loss, but ''Nevada'' was salvaged and again modernized during [[1942]], exchanging her old secondary battery for a new one of twin-mounted five-inch (127 mm) 38-caliber dual-purpose guns, plus many 40 mm and 20 mm anti-aircraft machineguns. Her superstructure was completely reconstructed in modern form, with a much-reduced conning tower. She served in both the European and Pacific theaters, providing gunfire support for amphibious operations. ''Nevada''’s final mission was as a target for nuclear and conventional weapons from [[1946]] to [[1948]].

The ''Nevada'' class was part of the "Standard type battleship" concept of the US Navy, a design concept which gave the US Navy a homogenous line of battle (very important, as it allowed the Navy to plan maneuvers for the whole line of battle rather than detaching "fast wing"s and "slow wing"s). The "Standard" concept included long-range gunnery, moderate speed of 21 knots (39 km/h), a tight tactical radius of ~700 yards (640 m) and improved damage control. The other Standards were the ''Pennsylvania'', ''New Mexico'', ''Tennessee'' and ''Colorado'' classes.

== General characteristics ==

* Armament

** Main battery: 10 x 14 in (356 mm) 45-caliber guns in two triple and two (superfiring) twin turrets

** Secondary battery: 21 x 5 in (127 mm) 51-caliber guns in single casemate mountings (ten guns on each side of the ship, plus one in the stern); soon reduced to 12 x 5 in (127 mm) 51-caliber guns. In the late [[1920s]], 8 x 5 in (127 mm) 25-caliber anti-aircraft guns were added. During the 1942 reconstruction, all were removed and replaced by 8 dual 5"/38 DPs.

== References ==

Initially based on the public ___domain article published by the [[Department of the Navy]]'s Naval Historical Center

{{Nevada_class_battleship}}

[[Category:Ship classes]]

[[Category:Nevada class battleships]]

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