Earth and Talk:Adolf Hitler: Difference between pages

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{{Planet Infobox/Earth}}

''An event in this article is a [[MediaWiki:January 30 selected anniversaries|January 30 selected anniversary]].'' (may be in HTML comment)

'''Earth''', also known as '''the Earth''', '''[[Terra (mythology)|Terra]]''', and (mostly in the [[19th century]]) '''[[Tellus]]''', is the third-closest [[planet]] to the [[Sun]]. It is the largest of the [[solar system]]'s [[terrestrial planet]]s, and the only planetary body that [[modern science]] confirms as harboring [[life]]. The planet [[Age of the Earth|formed]] around 4.57 [[billion]] (4.57{{e|9}}) [[year]]s ago, and shortly thereafter (4.533 [[billion]] years ago) acquired its single [[natural satellite]], the [[Moon]].

----

Its [[astronomical symbol]] consists of a circled cross, representing a [[meridian]] and the [[equator]]; a variant puts the cross atop the circle ([[Unicode]]: &#x2295; or &#x2641;). Besides words derived from ''Terra'', such as ''terrestrial'', terms that refer to the Earth include ''tellur-'' ([[telluric]], [[tellurian]], from the [[Roman]] [[goddess]] ''Tellūs'') and ''geo-'' ([[geocentric]], [[geothermal]]; from the [[Greek]] [[goddess]] [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]]).

==Archives==

==Physical characteristics==

{{main|Geology}}

===Shape===

*[[Talk:Adolf Hitler/mentioning the (mis?)spelling Adolph|Adolf or Adolph]]

The Earth's shape is that of an [[oblate]] [[spheroid]], with an average diameter of approximately 12,742 km. The [[rotation]] of the Earth causes the [[equator]] to bulge out slightly so that the equatorial diameter is 43 km larger than the [[pole]] to pole diameter. The largest local deviations in the rocky surface of the Earth are [[Mount Everest]] (8,850 m above local [[sea level]]) and the [[Mariana Trench]] (10,911 m below local sea level). Hence compared to a perfect [[ellipsoid]], the Earth has a [[tolerance (engineering)|tolerance]] of about one part in about 584, or 0.17%. For perspective, this is less than the 0.22% tolerance allowed in [[billiards|pool balls]]. Due to the bulge, the feature farthest from the center of the Earth is actually [[Mount Chimborazo]] in [[Ecuador]]. The [[mass]] of the Earth is approximately 5,980 [[yottagram]]s (5.98 x 10²⁴ kg).

*[[Talk:Adolf Hitler/Archive 1]]

*[[Talk:Adolf Hitler/Archive 2]]

*[[Talk:Adolf Hitler/Archive 3]]

*[[Talk:Adolf Hitler/Archive 4]]

*[[Talk:Adolf Hitler/Archive 5]]

*[[Talk:Adolf Hitler/Archive 6]]

*[[Talk:Adolf Hitler/Archive 7]]

*[[Talk:Adolf Hitler/Archive 8]]

*[[Talk:Adolf Hitler/Archive 9]]

*[[Talk:Adolf Hitler/Archive 10]]

*[[Talk:Adolf Hitler/Archive 11]]

*[[Talk:Adolf Hitler/Archive 12]]

===Structure===

The interior of the Earth, like that of the other [[terrestrial planets]], is [[chemical]]ly divided into an outer [[silicon|siliceous]] solid [[Crust (geology)|crust]], a highly viscous [[Mantle (geology)|mantle]], a liquid [[outer core]] that is much less viscous than the mantle, and a solid [[inner core]]. The liquid outer core gives rise to a weak [[magnetosphere|magnetic field]] due to the convection of its electrically conductive [[material]].

New material constantly finds its way to the surface through [[volcano]]es and cracks in the ocean floors (see [[seafloor spreading]]). Many of the rocks now making up the Earth's crust formed less than 100 million (1{{e|8}}) years ago; however the oldest known mineral grains are 4.4 billion (4.4{{e|9}}) years old, indicating that the Earth has had a solid crust for at least that long [http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0101/14earthwater/].

== "Charismatic leadership" or "Charismatic authority" ==

Taken as a whole, the Earth's composition by [[mass]] [http://earthref.org/cgi-bin/er.cgi?s=erda.cgi?n=547] is:

<dl><dd>

{|cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0

|[[iron]]:||align="right"|34||.1||%

|-

|[[oxygen]]:||align="right"|28||.2||%

|-

|[[silicon]]:||align="right"|17||.2||%

|-

|[[magnesium]]:||align="right"|15||.9||%

|-

|[[nickel]]:||align="right"|1||.6||%

|-

|[[calcium]]:||align="right"|1||.6||%

|-

|[[aluminium]]:||align="right"|1||.5||%

|-

|[[sulfur]]:||align="right"|0||.70||%

|-

|[[sodium]]:||align="right"|0||.25||%

|-

|[[titanium]]:||align="right"|0||.071||%

|-

|[[potassium]]:||align="right"|0||.019&nbsp;||%

|-

|other elements: &nbsp; &nbsp;||align="right"|0||.53||%

|}

</dd></dl>

[[User:64.12.116.201]] is constantly changing "Under Hitler's [[leadership]]..." to "Under Hitler's [[charismatic leadership]]..." despite being reverted. This smells slightly of POV, <s>but I also don't think "charismatic leadership" should have its own article</s>. [[User:JIP|&mdash; <font color="#CC0000">J</font><font color="#00CC00">I</font><font color="#0000CC">P</font>]] | [[User talk:JIP|Talk]] 12:55, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

===Interior===

*Having read [[charismatic authority]], I retract the latter part of my comment, and stand solely by the POV comment. [[User:JIP|&mdash; <font color="#CC0000">J</font><font color="#00CC00">I</font><font color="#0000CC">P</font>]] | [[User talk:JIP|Talk]] 12:57, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

====Interior heat====

{{main|geothermal (geology)}}

:::The article does not assert ''charismatic authority'', which has a specialized, socio-political definition. The common dictionary definition holds for use of the term ''charismatic'' in the article. [[User:Wyss|Wyss]] 15:48, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

The interior of the Earth reaches temperatures of 5650 +/- 600 [[kelvin]]s [http://www.es.ucl.ac.uk/people/d-price/papers/153.pdf] [http://www.carnegieinstitution.org/news_010905.html]. The planet's internal heat was originally generated during its [[accretion]] (see [[gravitational binding energy]]), and since then additional heat has continued to be generated by the [[radioactive decay|decay]] of [[radioactive]] elements such as [[uranium]], [[thorium]], and [[potassium]]. The heat flow from the interior to the surface is only 1/20,000 as great as the energy received from the [[Sun]].

:::I notice that the adjective is wikified as [[charismatic leadership]] which redirs to [[charismatic authority]]. Re-reading that, I think the latter article may have some wording problems itself.

====Structure====

Earth's composition (by depth below surface):

*0 to 60 km - [[Lithosphere]] (locally varies 5-200 km)

**0 to 35 km - Crust (locally varies 5-70 km)

**35 to 60 km - Uppermost part of mantle

*35 to 2890 km - [[Mantle (geology)|Mantle]]

**100 to 700 km - [[Asthenosphere]]

*2890 to 5100 km - Outer Core

*5100 to 6378 km - Inner Core

:<s>I'm neutral</s>. AH ''was'' charismatic (he swayed the German establishment, then a nation into institutional crime and atrocity of almost perplexing scale, never mind at least two women committed suicide as a result of their relationships with him). I think some readers mistakenly interpret ''charismatic'' as a positive attribute or sympathetic commentary. AH as much as anyone suggests that charisma, like so many other human qualities, is in itself but a characteristic... what one does with one's talents is ultimately much more important. [[User:Wyss|Wyss]] 13:18, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

===The core===

The average density of the Earth is 5515 [[kilogram|kg]]/[[metre|m³]], making it the densest planet in the Solar system. Since the average density of surface material is only around 3000 kg/m³, we must conclude that denser materials exist within the core of the Earth. In its earliest stages, about 4.5 billion (4.5{{e|9}}) years ago, melting would have caused denser substances to sink toward the center in a process called [[planetary differentiation]], while less-dense materials would have migrated to the [[crust (geology)|crust]]. As a result, the core is largely composed of iron (80%), along with nickel and one or more light elements, whereas other dense elements, such as lead and uranium, either are too rare to be significant or tend to bind to lighter elements and thus remain in the crust (see [[felsic|felsic materials]]).

::After pondering this a bit I think it's helpful, historically supported and instructive to use the term ''charismatic'' in the context of that sentence. [[User:Wyss|Wyss]] 15:45, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

The core is divided into two parts, a solid inner core with a [[radius]] of ~1250 km and a liquid outer core extending beyond it to a radius of ~3500 km. The inner core is generally believed to be solid and composed primarily of iron and some nickel. Some have argued that the inner core may be in the form of a single iron [[crystal]]. The outer core surrounds the inner core and is believed to be composed of liquid iron mixed with liquid nickel and trace amounts of lighter elements. It is generally believed that convection in the outer core, combined with stirring caused by the Earth's rotation (see: [[Coriolis effect]]), gives rise to the [[Earth's magnetic field]] through a process described by the [[dynamo theory]]. The solid inner core is too hot to hold a permanent magnetic field (see [[Curie temperature]]) but probably acts to stabilise the magnetic field generated by the liquid outer core.

:Totally agree. Charismatic seems appropriate here. [[User:DJ Clayworth|DJ Clayworth]] 13:47, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Recent evidence has suggested that the inner core of Earth may rotate slightly faster than the rest of the planet. In August [[2005]] a team of [[geophysicist]]s announced in the journal ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'' that, according to their estimates, the earth's core rotated approximately 0.3 to 0.5 degrees per year relative to the rotation of the surface [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/25/science/25cnd-core.html].

<!--~0-2°per [[year]] (''[[Neil F. Comins|Comins]] DEU-p.82'')-->

:'''STRONG KEEP'''. I'm not sure why you keep reverting this '''simple edit''' -- it is not POV in ANY way, but the plain and glaringly obvious truth. This man used his [[personal magnetism]] and [[charismatic authority]] to lead a nation (and Europe) to its doom. Other Nazi leaders used propaganda to transform this Austrian racist in to a mythical, godlike figure -- and from personally reading dozens of personal accounts over the years, he really was by all means intensely [[charisma]]tic, and this was the basis of his authority (hence the reverts to [[charismatic leadership]]). Just ask any historian, sociologist, etc. -- WWII Nazis all called Hitler "The Saviour of Germany," like some modern-day Christ figure; or watch [[Triumph des Willens]] for yourself and find out; it isn't hard to spot there...everyday people '''need to be made fully aware''' that people like this exist and can naturally use their charisma to '''positively or negatively''' manipulate and sway the masses of "sheep." And the above User:Wyss is correct; charisma isn't '''ALWAYS''' a positive character trait like you seem to think User:JIP...some who have it (Hitler) used it to exploit others, make tons of money, wield negative power, dominate/oppress, etc., while others used it for positive social change and other worthy causes (Gandhi). Go and read the base article on [[Charisma]] and then let us know what you think here. --[[User:152.163.100.5|152.163.100.5]] 13:56, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

[[Image:Earth-crust-cutaway-english.png|thumb|350px|left|Earth cutaway from core to exosphere. Partially to scale]]

:'''Keep'''...there's nothing POV about that pithy statement; he was a charismatic maniac! He chose to use a profound gift in a terrible, terrible way...shame on him. [[User:Berlin Stark|Berlin Stark]] 20:48, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

===Mantle===

{{main|Mantle (geology)}}

:According to Alan Bullock in his biography of both Stalin and Hitler, Stalin missed the charisma of Hitler, (page 404 if I remember it well). [[User:Andries|Andries]] 21:00, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

[[Earth's mantle]] extends to a depth of 2890 km. The [[pressure]], at the bottom of the mantle, is ~140 G[[pascal|Pa]] (1.4 M[[atmospheric pressure|atm]]). It is largely composed of substances rich in iron and magnesium. The melting point of a substance depends on the pressure it is under. As there is intense and increasing pressure as one travels deeper into the mantle, the lower part of this region is thought solid while the upper mantle is [[plasticity (physics)|plastic]] (semi-molten). The [[viscosity]] of the upper mantle ranges between 10²¹ and 10²⁴ [[pascal second|Pa·s]], depending on depth [http://www2.uni-jena.de/chemie/geowiss/geodyn/poster2.html]. Thus, the upper mantle can only flow very slowly.

:'''Delete'''...it is true that AH had charisma and his leadership can be described as charismatic, but in the context of this sentence I think it's out of the way and superfluous. We can still include it at another place. [[User:Str1977|Str1977]] 21:53, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Why is the inner core thought solid, the outer core thought liquid, and the mantle solid/plastic? The melting points of iron-rich substances are higher than that of pure iron. The core is composed almost entirely of pure iron, whereas iron-rich substances are more common outside the core. So, surface iron-substances are solid, upper mantle iron-substances are semi-molten (as it is hot and they are under relatively little pressure), lower mantle iron-substances are solid (as they are under tremendous pressure), outer core pure iron is liquid as it has a very low melting point (despite enormous pressure), and the inner core is solid due to the overwhelming pressure found at the center of the planet.

:'''Delete'''. Put it somewhere else and explain that it is a theory. --[[User:Ezeu|Ezeu]] 23:03, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

===The Crust===

The crust ranges from 5 to 70 km in depth. The thin parts are [[oceanic crust]] composed of dense ([[mafic]]) iron magnesium [[silicate]] [[Rock (geology)|rock]]s and underlie the ocean basins. The thicker crust is [[continental crust]], which is less dense and composed of ([[felsic]]) [[sodium]] potassium [[aluminium]] silicate rocks. The crust-mantle boundary occurs as two physically different events. First, there is a discontinuity in the [[seismic wave|seismic]] velocity, which is known as the [[Mohorovicic discontinuity|Mohorovi&#269;i&#263; discontinuity]] or Moho. The cause of the Moho is thought to be a change in rock composition from rocks containing [[feldspar|plagioclase feldspar]] (above) to rocks that contain no feldspars (below). Second, there is a [[chemistry|chemical]] discontinuity between [[ultramafic]] cumulates and tectonized [[Peridotite|harzburgite]]s, which has been observed from deep parts of the oceanic crust that have been [[obduction|obducted]] into the continental crust and preseved as [[ophiolites|ophiolite sequences]].

::Why would it be unsuperfluous somewhere else? Why is it a theory? [[User:Wyss|Wyss]] 02:04, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

===Atmosphere===

{{main|Earth's atmosphere}}

:'''KEEP'''. The FACT that Hitler's leadership was very charismatic is VITALLY IMPORTANT to his ability to take over Germany, defy the Versailles Treaty and get away with it, and push anti-Semitism onto a people to such a degree that it is legally enforced, taught in schools, and millions of murders are commited for it. Mein Kampf is horribly written. It is dry, boring, asinine, and unreadable, but it says the SAME THING as his speeches. The difference was his charisma, which doesn't, of course, come out in print. It is in no way synonymous with "he was a good leader" or "what he did was right." If you still have problems with assigning any connotatively positive attitudes with H17LER DA KILL3R OF DA JOOz OMG then watch a video of one of his speeches on the internet. It doesn't matter what he says: the style is grand, he says what the people want to hear, and everyone cheers their head off. Hitler's subjects found him very charismatic. It is a FACT and not in any way anyone's point of view in any manner. 'Charismatic leadership' was the best way of saying it, makes the most sense, and is accurate, factual, and 100% related to Hitler as a dictator and to this article. Definitely keep the charisma in. I can agree that it might not be the best spot for it. But for the love of god the article is like 20 pages. The person who added it was too lazy to read the whole thing and I understand the sentiment. If you don't want the charisma there, read through the article and find a better spot if you want, or close your eyes and pick a place at random if you prefer, but it's definitely necessary somewhere. --[[User:68.148.168.84|68.148.168.84]] 03:16, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Earth has a relatively thick [[Earth atmosphere|atmosphere]] composed of 78% [[nitrogen]], 21% [[oxygen]], and 1% [[argon]], plus traces of other gases including [[carbon dioxide]] and [[water (molecule)|water]] vapor. The atmosphere acts as a buffer between Earth and the Sun. The Earth's atmospheric composition is unstable, and is maintained by the [[biosphere]]. The large amount of free [[diatomic]] oxygen is maintained through solar energy by the Earth's [[plants]], and, without the plants supplying it, the oxygen in the atmosphere will over geological timescales combine with material from the surface of the Earth. Free oxygen in the atmosphere is a signature of [[life]].

Referring to his [[charismatic authority]] should stay at the beginning of the article because it was so incredibly vital to his leadership and personality; that's where the most important stuff goes. [[User:205.188.116.5|205.188.116.5]] 10:50, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

The layers, [[troposphere]], [[stratosphere]], [[mesosphere]], [[thermosphere]], and the [[exosphere]], vary around the globe and in response to seasonal changes.

:'''KEEP:''' there is film footage of Hitler speaking from a podium at a rally, which shows a crowd of screaming teenage girls bursting through a cordon to acclaim him - it predates the Beatles hype by 25 years. "Charismatic" is a keep, but should go along with "media manipulation" and "grow up!". I am grumpy, but not old.--[[User:Shtove|shtove]] 23:03, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

The total mass of the atmosphere is about 5.1{{e|18}} kg, ca. 0.9 [[Parts per million|ppm]] of the Earth's total mass.

::*And you are sure it isnt a Leni Riefenstahl Films Inc. production? --[[User:Ezeu|Ezeu]] 23:20, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

:::I dunno. The footage is staged but compelling, and Leni (or whoever) gives a masterclass in how to sell a politician to a shrugging electorate. We could all do with much much more of the same, couldn't we? BTW: This article has the longest list of foreign language counterparts that I've seen on W'pedia. Why are we all so interested?--[[User:Shtove|shtove]] 01:48, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

:::Why are we all so interested? Because Hitler masterminded and inspired the most destructive war and despicable genocide in the whole of human history, and ALL humans are fascinated (drawn towards yet also repulsed) by the ultra-dark side of humanity; this much is a fact. War (especially on the scale of WWII) is about as dark as you can get. Plus, it was relatively recently that the [[Holocaust]] and [[WWII]] happened, so the memories are still quite fresh in the wounded [[collective unconscious]] of the West, not to mention that many WWII-vets are still alive along with CC-camp survivors, ex-Nazis, etc. I don't care how "cultured" or "refined" you are or claim to be...Hitler's power and darkness will really make you think and his destructive "[[charisma]]" still holds sway today around the globe. WWII shaped the modern World as we know it today more than anything else that I can think of. Just imagine the scars that the Germans still hold, the guilt and shame. I’ve always believed that if a person wants to try and understand the 20th Century in the West he/she better try and understand German culture and Germany’s history. Thus, Hitler and his twisted legacy unfortunately lives on and will for a VERY long time to come. --[[User:Berlin Stark|Berlin Stark]] 07:43, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

===Hydrosphere===

:::I have never claimed to be cultured or refined. Why aren't we as interested in Stalin, who (by body count/ideology) was more deadly/influential than Hitler? And I think European inventions of the last 200 years have had more influence on modern life than any war.--[[User:Shtove|shtove]] 12:49, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

{{main|Ocean}}

:::::In the long run Stalin was more deadly than Hitler.... But only in the long run... If you know what was the cost in human lives of the WWII (The Great Patriotic War) for the USSR, what was the destiny of the Slavs in Hitler's mind and how great was their courage during the war. There are some reasons to think that they found Stalin's dictatorship very mild in comparison... More serioulsly "Uncle Adolf" wasn't only the worse criminals of all times... He was was also self-destructive and worse of of all he wished to bring all Germany in his self-destructive project...

Earth is the only planet in our [[solar system]] whose surface is known to have liquid [[water (molecule)|water]]. Water covers 71% of Earth's surface (97% of it being [[sea water]] and 3% [[fresh water]] [http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Water/]); the surface is divided into five [[ocean]]s and seven [[continent]]s. Earth's [[orbit|solar orbit]], [[vulcanism]], [[gravity]], [[greenhouse effect]], [[magnetic field]] and oxygen-rich atmosphere seem to combine to make Earth a water planet.

:::::You wrote << "If you know what was the cost in human lives of the WWII (The Great Patriotic War) for the USSR,..." >> Oh I know the cost as I have studied Operation Barbarossa with some intensity for quite a while. Estimates range as high as 30 million! That's no joke! But of course the flu-pandemic of 1918-19 killed around 50 million, which is the same amount that was said to die in all of WWII; it's all really hard to follow with all of these "estimates" floating about. [[User:152.15.100.163|152.15.100.163]] 22:46, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Earth is actually beyond the outer edge of the orbits which would be warm enough to form liquid water. Without some form of a [[greenhouse effect]], Earth's water would freeze. [[Paleontology|Paleontological]] evidence indicates that at one point after blue-green bacteria ([[Cyanobacteria]]) had colonized the oceans, the greenhouse effect failed, and Earth's oceans may have completely frozen over for 10 to 100 million years in what is called a [[snowball Earth]] event.

:::::What else ? It scares me to the bones. Beuark... [[User:Ericd|Ericd]] 21:13, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

::::No doubting the courage of Russian resistance to Barbarossa, but why didn't the same people have the courage to see what Stalin was about? The people of western Ukraine know all about the long run, because at one point a large proportion found themselves dead at Stalin's command. If you say,"''comparatively mild''" then you must be mad. As for the interest in Hitler, I guess it is partly generated by the soap opera aspects of both his life and the rise of the National Socialist party. Ancient Greek drama and Christianity are far more instructive than history in fathoming human depravity.--[[User:Shtove|shtove]] 22:40, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

I may be mad.... Soap opera ? Soap ? Well wash your face and look in the mirror. Experiencing a modern firearm shot is far more instructive than anything else in understanding human nature... [[User:Ericd|Ericd]] 23:29, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

On other planets, such as [[Venus]], gaseous water is destroyed (cracked) by solar [[ultraviolet]] radiation, and the [[hydrogen]] is [[ion]]ized and blown away by the [[solar wind]]. This effect is slow, but inexorable. This is one hypothesis explaining why Venus has no water. Without hydrogen, the oxygen interacts with the surface and is bound up in solid [[mineral]]s.

::::It may depend on which end of the gun you're looking at, but gunpowder explodes and that's it - no mystery. Apologies for the "''mad''" query. The "''soap opera''" description relates to aspects such as the Geli Raubel relationship, the bad art, vegeterianism, drug taking, the jolly sympathy with children, the fatal attraction over women, the marriage to Eva Braun, etc -the kind that inflame vulgar fantasies. The question stands: why the blanket interest in Hitler, when Stalin merits as much, if not more? Isn't it a pretence to insist that the Hitler obsession has anything to do with moral reflection and lesson-learning?--[[User:Shtove|shtove]] 00:21, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

'''Delete''' I think there should be part of the article or even a whole section devoted to whether or not Hitler was charismatic, I just don't think it should be added here, it seems inappropriate and although I don't think people here have malicious motives I do think it is possible to be construed as POV. [[User:Moshe Constantine Hassan Al-Silverburg|Moshe Constantine Hassan Al-Silverburg]] [[User_talk:Moshe Constantine Hassan Al-Silverburg|(talk)]] 22:10, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

In the Earth's atmosphere, a tenuous layer of [[ozone]] within the stratosphere absorbs most of this energetic ultraviolet radiation high in the atmosphere, reducing the [[cracking effect]]. The ozone, too, can only be produced in an atmosphere with a large amount of free diatomic oxygen, and so also is dependent on the biosphere ([[plant]]s). The [[magnetosphere]] also shields the [[ionosphere]] from direct scouring by the solar wind.

'''Delete''' agree in everything with Moshe. [[User:Andries|Andries]] 22:37, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

Finally, [[volcano|vulcanism]] continuously emits water [[vapor]] from the interior. Earth's [[plate tectonics]] recycle [[carbon]] and water as [[limestone]] rocks are [[subduction|subducted]] into the mantle and volcanically released as gaseous carbon dioxide and [[steam]]. It is estimated that the minerals in the mantle may contain as much as 10 times the water as in all of the current oceans, though most of this trapped water will never be released.

== Christianity Not Allowed? ==

The total mass of the hydrosphere is about 1.4{{e|21}} kg, ca. 0.023% of the Earth's total mass.

I posted some things realted to Christianity, and they got deleted. I clearly said that anyone may ignore my posts, and that they were for Christians... am I doing something wrong, or is the author against Christianity? [[User:JavaJake|Jake]] 15:01, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

[[Image:Earth_satellite_plane.jpg|thumb|300px|right|A [[plate carrée projection]] of a composite satellite image of Earth]]

:Thanks for wanting to contribute, but Wikipedia is an encyclopedia and not a place to publish your own thoughts and oppinions. Please read [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not]]. [[User:Shanes|Shanes]] 17:00, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

==Earth in the Solar System==

It takes the Earth 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.091 seconds ([[sidereal day|1 sidereal day]]) to rotate around the [[axis]] connecting the [[north pole]] and the [[south pole]]. From Earth, the main apparent motion of celestial bodies in the sky (except [[meteor]]s which are within the atmosphere and low-orbiting satellites) is the movement to the west at a rate of 15 &deg;/h = 15'/min, i.e., a Sun or Moon diameter every two minutes.

::The author'''S''' are neutral about about Christianity. Well, maybe they're not neutral... IMO most of them are human beings but I know that some of them are computer programs that we call bots. Considering the open nature of Wikipedia, we should not exclude the hypothesis of some extra terrestrial contributions or even some divine contributions to Wikipedia... However Wikipedia is a community that will evaluate the contributions to articles according to some generaly accepted rules... One of this rules is that we should try to reach a Neutral Point of View (NPOV). IMO this is simply out of reach of human beings but this is a path we should try to follow, not an aim we will reach... This doesn't contradict my own understanding of the Bible, but I may be wrong... [[User:Ericd|Ericd]] 20:29, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Earth orbits the Sun every 365.2564 mean solar days ([[sidereal year|1 sidereal year]]). From Earth, this gives an apparent movement of the Sun with respect to the stars at a rate of ca. 1 &deg;/day, i.e., a Sun or Moon diameter every 12 hours eastward.

:::Que pasa? Seems to me that the discussion of religion just has very little place with regard to this article. &mdash;[[User:N328KF|Joseph/N328KF]] [[User talk:N328KF|(Talk)]] 20:36, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

The orbital speed of the Earth averages about 30 km/s, which is enough to cover one Earth diameter (~12,700 km) in 7 minutes, and one distance to the Moon (384,000 km) in 4 hours.

::::I intended this to be a tongue-in-cheek comment.... [[User:Ericd|Ericd]] 20:53, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Earth has one [[natural satellite]], the [[Moon]], which orbits around Earth every [[month|27 1/3 days]]. From Earth this gives an apparent movement of the Moon with respect to the Sun and the stars at a rate of roughly 12 &deg;/day, i.e., a Moon diameter every hour eastward.

:Sorry. I see your point now. How should I post my thoughts on what could've made Hitler a better person? [[User:JavaJake|Jake]] 15:00, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

Viewed from Earth's north pole, the motion of Earth, its moon and their axial rotations are all [[counterclockwise]].

::You cannot post your personal point of view. Articles should be written from a neutral point of view (NPOV), and your own thoughts or opinions are probably not neutral. NPOV is the objective &mdash; its probably impossible to fully achieve &mdash; but at least try not to be obviously biased. And one way to seem obviously biased is to preach. [[Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view|Read here]] to find out more.--[[User:Ezeu|Ezeu]] 16:06, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

::Hi, Jake, I'm afraid there's nowhere on Wikipedia where you can post your thoughts on what could have made Hitler a better person. To do so in an article would violate the [[WP:NOR|no original research]] policy, which I recommend that you read. To do so on the talk pages would clog up Wikipedia server space with things that don't belong on it. We're supposed to limit our discussion here to things related to whether or not a particular piece of information &ndash; not the personal opinion of one of the editors &ndash; is relevant, or whether the wording is appropriate. Editors opinions on whether Hitler was a good man or a bad man, or how he could have been made better don't belong here. You can either get your own website or blog away from Wikipedia (and some of them are free), or find a published author who had ideas on how Hitler could have been made better. (E.g. ''Professor X. Y., in his article "Hidden Causes: How Hitler's Early Childhood led to World War II", argues that if Hitler's father had . . .'') In fact, I recall that [[Alice Miller]], in ''For Your Own Good: Hidden Cruelty in Child-Rearing and the Roots of Violence'', did claim that the frequent beatings Hitler received from his father turned him into someone with a need for revenge on the world. So I imagine that's the only way you could have that issue covered, but even in that case, I think you'd have to have consensus from the others &ndash; how relevant is it and are there other writers who disagree? Not everything related to Hitler belongs in the article about Hitler. Regards. [[User:Ann Heneghan|Ann Heneghan]] [[User talk:Ann Heneghan |^(talk)]] 16:29, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

The orbital and axial planes are not precisely aligned: Earth's [[axial tilt|axis is tilted]] some 23.5 degrees against the Earth-Sun plane (which causes the [[season]]s); and the Earth-Moon plane is tilted about 5 degrees against the Earth-Sun plane (otherwise there would be an eclipse every month).

:::True. You are right. Thanks for helping me in my adventures to learn (which never seems to end). [[User:JavaJake|Jake]] 17:58, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

The [[Hill sphere]] (sphere of influence) of the Earth is about 1.5 Gm (930 thousand miles) in radius, within which one natural satellite (the [[Moon]]) comfortably orbits.

::::More on this, the article is already too long but a sub-article on AH's childhood with some reliable secondary cites would be helpful, interest in this article is very high. [[User:Wyss|Wyss]] 11:52, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

In an inertial reference frame, the Earth's axis undergoes a slow [[precession]]al motion with a period of some 25,800 years, as well as a [[nutation]] with a main period of 18.6 years. These motions are caused by the differential attraction of Sun and Moon on the equatorial bulge due to the Earth's oblateness. In a reference frame attached to the solid body of the Earth, its rotation is also slightly irregular due to [[polar motion]]. The polar motion is quasi-periodic, containing an annual component and a component with a 14-month period called the [[Chandler wobble]]. Also, the rotational velocity varies, a phenomenon known as [[Day|length of day]] variation.

:::::Well, I've been reading this book for school. I don't know if I could write some of that stuff in. I know about the copyright stuff, but maybe I could put things in my own words? [[User:JavaJake|Jake]] 16:45, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

In modern times, Earth's [[perihelion]] is always about [[January 3]], and [[aphelion]] is about [[July 4]]. For other eras, see [[precession]] and [[Milankovitch cycles]].

::::::Either way you want to add stuff (direct quote or paraphrase) is fine, as long as it's appropriately referenced, just like you'd reference a book in a paper at school.--'''[[{{ns:2}}:Clawson|chris.]][[User talk:Clawson|lawson]]''' 17:06, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

===The Moon===

[[Image:Earth-moon.jpg|thumb|''Earthrise'' as seen from the Moon on [[Apollo 8]], [[24 December]] [[1968]]]]

{{main|Moon}}

<center>

{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"

!style="background:#efefef;"|Name

!style="background:#efefef;"|Diameter (km)

!style="background:#efefef;"|Mass (kg)

!style="background:#efefef;"|[[Semi-major axis]] (km)

!style="background:#efefef;"|Orbital period

|-

|[[Moon]]

|align="center"|3,474.8

|7.349{{e|22}}

|align="center"|384,400

|27&nbsp;Days, 7&nbsp;hours, 43.7&nbsp;minutes

|}

</center>

== Vandalism template ==

The Moon, sometimes called 'Luna', is a relatively large terrestrial planet-like satellite, whose diameter is about one-quarter of the Earth's. With the exception of [[Pluto|Pluto's]] [[Charon]], it is the largest moon in the Solar system relative to the size of its planet. The [[natural satellite]]s orbiting other planets are called "moons", after Earth's Moon.

How about we remove it, it's kind of unsightly? Keep the block, though.

The gravitational attraction between the Earth and Moon cause the [[tides]] on Earth. The same effect on the Moon has led to its [[tidal locking]]: Its rotation period is the same as the time it takes to orbit the Earth. As a result, it always presents the same face to the planet.

[[User:Ksenon|Ksenon]] 16:50, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

As the Moon orbits Earth, different parts of its face are illuminated by the Sun, leading to the [[lunar phase]]s: The dark part of the face is separated from the light part by the [[terminator (solar)|solar terminator]].

:Actually, I don't mind it, or think it's unsightly, but that's just my opinion. If you want to do that, there really isn't any harm. [[User:JavaJake|Jake]] 17:56, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

The Moon may dramatically affect the development of life by moderating the weather. Paleontological evidence and computer simulations show that Earth's [[axial tilt]] is stabilised by tidal interactions with the Moon. Some theorists believe that, without this stabilization against the [[torque]]s applied by the Sun and planets to the Earth's equatorial bulge, the rotational axis might be chaotically unstable, as it appears to be with [[Mars (planet)|Mars]]. If Earth's axis of rotation were to approach the [[ecliptic|plane of the ecliptic]], extremely severe [[weather]] could result, as this would make seasonal differences extreme. One pole would be pointed directly toward the Sun during ''summer'' and directly away during ''winter''. [[Planetary science|Planetary scientists]] who have studied the effect claim that this might kill all large animal and higher plant life. This remains a controversial subject, however, and further studies of Mars&mdash;which shares Earth's [[sidereal day|rotation period]] and [[axial tilt]], but not its large moon or liquid core&mdash;may provide additional insight.

== Hitler is certainly not a "cult figure" ==

The Moon is just far enough away to have, when seen from Earth, very nearly the same apparent angular size as the Sun (the Sun is 400 times larger, but the Moon is 400 times closer). This allows total [[eclipse]]s and annular eclipses to occur on Earth. Here is a diagram showing the relative sizes of the Earth and the Moon and the distance between the two (click to enlarge):

The entry "cult figure" in the "categories" section of this Wikipedia article does directly correspondent, in some meaningful respect, to the photograph of Hitler (Do you know who took this picture ? -- Do you know for what purpose it was taken ?) that is currently illustrating the introduction to the "Hitler" article. Both, the entry "cult figure" as well as the photograph (there are other and neutral pictures of Hitler available within the Wiki space), are not appropriate for a serious article in the Wikipedia. Hence, I will delete both of them as soon as the article is editable again. Hans Rosenthal (ROHA) (hans.rosenthal AT t-online.de -- replace AT by @ ) (14112005)

[[Image:Earth-Moon.jpg|thumb|center|499px|Earth and Moon to scale (click to enlarge)]]

:I do not understand your argument. To me, a photograph of Hitler is appropriate on an article about Hitler, just as a photo of a [[Cheez-It]] is appropriate on an article about Cheez-Its. Can you perhaps rephrase or explain in more detail why you want to remove the image? For example, why is it relevant who took the photo or why? (Both being things that may be very difficult to find out!) <span class="user-sig user-horsepunchkid">&mdash;[[User:HorsePunchKid|<span style="font-family:monospace;font-variant:small-caps;cursor:crosshair;">HorsePunchKid</span>]]&rarr;[[User talk:HorsePunchKid|<span style="color:#070;cursor:help;" title="Kame-san says: Talk to me!">&#x9F9C;</span>]]</span> 23:39, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

The most widely accepted theory of the Moon's origin states that it was formed from the collision of a Mars-size [[protoplanet]] with the early Earth. This hypothesis explains (among other things) the Moon's relative lack of iron and volatile elements, and the fact that its composition is nearly identical to that of the Earth's crust. See [[giant impact theory]].

:For what it's worth, if you wish to track the history of the photograph, [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-E-Supreme/ this site] will be the first step (scroll to the very bottom of the page). I suspect it will be practically impossible to track down the original photographer, and it looks like a simple publicity photo. <span class="user-sig user-horsepunchkid">&mdash;[[User:HorsePunchKid|<span style="font-family:monospace;font-variant:small-caps;cursor:crosshair;">HorsePunchKid</span>]]&rarr;[[User talk:HorsePunchKid|<span style="color:#070;cursor:help;" title="Kame-san says: Talk to me!">&#x9F9C;</span>]]</span> 23:46, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

Earth also has at least one known co-orbital [[asteroid]], [[3753 Cruithne]].

==GeographyPotsdam Picture==

{{main|Geography}}

I have changed this before, but since it got reverted and the page is protected, I'll explain this here:

[[Image:Physical_world.jpg|thumb|333px|right|Physical map of the Earth ([[:Image:Physical_world.jpg|Medium]]) ([[:Image:World-map-2004-cia-factbook-large-2m.jpg|Large 2 MB)]]]]

There's a picture with the caption "Hindenburg appoints Hitler as Chancellor". This is incorrect. I don't think there are pictures of his appointment. And if there are, it would not be in the open air. This picture is from the Day of Potsdam, the opening ceremony of the 1933 Reichstag. It is the famous handshake between Hindenburg und Hitler, symbolizing the reconciliation between old Prussian values and new Nazi movement.

'''Map references:'''

Oops, I just found out I was mistaken. I corrected this over at 2Hindenburg" and not here. Anyway, it needs to be corrected. Over there the caption now reads: "Hindenburg greats Chancellor Hitler at Reichstag opening ceremony". [[User:Str1977|Str1977]] 00:14, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

[[Time Zone]]s, [[Coordinate]]s.

:I have unprotected it. Go ahead and edit. [[User:Shanes|Shanes]] 00:22, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

'''Biggest geographic subdivision'''

[[Continent]]s, [[Ocean]]s

'''Area:'''

*''total:'' [[1 E14 m²|510.073 million]] [[square kilometre|km²]]

*''[[land]]:'' 148.94 million km²

*''[[water]]:'' 361.132 million km²

*''note:'' 70.8 % of the world's surface is covered by water, 29.2 % is exposed land

'''Land boundaries:'''

the land boundaries in the world total 251,480 km (not counting shared boundaries twice)

'''Coastline:'''

356,000 km

'''Maritime claims:''' see [[United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea]]

*''contiguous zone:'' 24 [[nautical mile|nautical miles]] (44.4 km) claimed by most, but can vary

*''[[continental shelf]]:'' 200 m depth claimed by most or to depth of exploitation; others claim 200 nautical miles (370.4 km) or to the edge of the continental margin

*''exclusive fishing zone:'' 200 nautical miles (370.4 km) claimed by most, but can vary

*''exclusive economic zone:'' 200 nautical miles (370.4 km) claimed by most, but can vary

*''territorial sea:'' 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) claimed by most, but can vary

*''Note:'' boundary situations with neighboring states prevent many countries from extending their fishing or economic zones to a full 200 nautical miles (370.4 km)

* 42 nations and other areas are completely landlocked (see list of [[landlocked|landlocked countries]])

==Environment and Ecosystem==

{{main|Life}}

Earth is the only place where life is known to exist. The planet's lifeforms are sometimes said to form a "[[biosphere]]". This biosphere is generally believed to have begun [[evolution|evolving]] about 3.5 billion (3.5{{e|9}}) years ago. The biosphere is divided into a number of [[biome]]s, inhabited by broadly similar [[flora (plants)|flora]] and [[fauna (animals)|fauna]]. On land, biomes are separated primarily by [[latitude]]. Terrestrial biomes lying within the [[Arctic Circle|Arctic]] and [[Antarctic Circle]]s are relatively barren of [[plant]] and [[animal]] life, while most of the more populous biomes lie near the [[Equator]].

[[Image:90 mile beach.jpg|thumb|right|220px|A familiar [[beach|scene]] on Earth which simultaneously shows the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere]]

===Climate===

{{main|Climate}}

Two large areas of polar [[climate]]s separated by two rather narrow [[temperate]] zones from a wide [[equator]]ial band of [[tropical]] to [[subtropical]] climates. [[precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]] patterns vary widely, ranging from several metres of water per year to less than a millimetre.

Ocean currents, particularly the spectacular [[Thermohaline circulation]] which distributes heat energy from the equatorial oceans to the polar regions, are important determinators of climate.

===Terrain===

{{main|Extreme points of the world}}

'''Elevation extremes:''' (measured relative to [[sea level]])

*Lowest point on land: [[Dead Sea]] [[1 E2 m| &minus;417]] m

*Lowest point overall: [[Mariana Trench]] in the [[Pacific Ocean]] [[1 E4 m| &minus;10,924]] m <!-- Takuyo measurement; see Mariana Trench for details -->[http://www.rain.org/ocean/ocean-studies-challenger-deep-mariana-trench.html]

*Highest point: [[Mount Everest]] [[1 E3 m|8,850]] m ([[1999]] est.)

===Natural resources===

{{main|Natural resource}}

*Earth's crust contains large deposits of [[fossil fuel]]s: ([[coal]], [[petroleum]], [[natural gas]], [[methane clathrate]]). These deposits are used by humans both for energy production and as feedstock for chemical production.

*Mineral [[ore]] bodies have been formed in Earth's crust by the action of [[erosion]] and [[plate tectonics]]. These ore bodies form concentrated sources for many [[metal]]s and other useful [[chemical element|element]]s.

*Earth's [[biosphere]] produces many useful biological products, including (but far from limited to) [[food]], [[wood]], [[pharmaceutical]]s, oxygen, and the recycling of many organic wastes. The land-based [[ecosystem]] depends upon [[topsoil]] and fresh water, and the oceanic [[ecosystem]] depends upon dissolved nutrients washed down from the land.

Some of these resources, such as [[fossil fuel|mineral fuel]]s, are difficult to replenish on a short time scale, called [[non-renewable resources]]. The exploitation of non-renewable resources by human [[civilization]] has become a subject of significant controversy in modern [[environmentalism]] movements.

===Land use===

*''arable land:'' 10%

*''permanent crops:'' 1%

*''permanent pastures:'' 26%

*''forests and woodland:'' 32%

*''urban areas:'' 1.5%

*''other:'' 30% (1993 est.)

'''Irrigated land:'''

2,481,250 km² ([[1993]] est.)

===Natural and environmental hazards===

Large areas are subject to extreme [[weather]] such as (tropical [[cyclone]]s), [[hurricane]]s, or [[typhoon]]s that dominate life in those areas. Many places are subject to [[earthquake]]s, [[landslide]]s, [[tsunami]]s, [[volcano|volcanic eruptions]], [[tornado]]es, [[sinkhole]]s, [[flood]]s, [[drought]]s, and other calamities and [[disaster]]s.

Large areas are subject to [[overpopulation]], industrial disasters such as [[pollution]] of the air and water, [[acid rain]] and toxic substances, loss of vegetation ([[overgrazing]], [[deforestation]], [[desertification]]), loss of [[wildlife]], [[species]] [[extinction]], [[soils retrogression and degradation|soil degradation]], soil depletion, [[erosion]], and introduction of [[invasive species]].

Long-term [[climate]] [[global warming|alteration]] due to enhancement of the [[greenhouse effect]] by human industrial [[carbon dioxide]] emissions is an increasing concern, the focus of intense study and debate.

===Human geography===

[[Image:Earthlights dmsp.jpg|333px|thumb|right|Earth at night, composite of pictures taken between October 1994 and March 1995]]

{{main|Human}}

On [[25 February]] [[2005]] the [[United Nations Population Division]] issued revised estimates and projected that the world's population will reach 7 billion by [[2013]] and swell to 9.1 billion in [[2050]]. Most of the growth is expected to take place in [[developing nations]].

Nearly all [[human]]s currently reside on Earth: 6,411,000,000 inhabitants ([[January 5]] [[2005]] est.)

Two humans are presently in orbit around Earth on board the [[International Space Station]]. The station crew is replaced with new personnel every six months. During the exchange there are more, and sometimes others are also [[space flight|traveling briefly above the atmosphere]].

In total, about 400 [[astronaut|people]] have been outside Earth (in space) as of [[2004]].

See also [[space colonization]].

The northernmost settlement in the world is [[Alert, Nunavut|Alert]], [[Ellesmere Island]], [[Canada]]. The southernmost is the [[Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station]], in [[Antarctica]], almost exactly at the [[South Pole]].

There are 267 administrative divisions, including nations, dependent areas, other, and miscellaneous entries. Earth does not have a [[sovereignty | sovereign]] [[government]] with planet-wide authority. Independent sovereign [[nation|nations]] claim all of the land surface except [[Antarctica]]. There is a worldwide general [[international organization]], the [[United Nations]]. The United Nations is primarily an international discussion forum with only limited ability to pass and enforce [[international law|law]]s.

==Descriptions of Earth==

Earth has often been personified as a [[deity]], in particular a [[goddess]] (''see [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]] and [[Mother Earth]]''). The [[China|Chinese]] earth goddess [[Hu-Tu]], is similar to Gaia, the deification of the earth. The patroness of fertility, her element is earth. In [[Norse mythology]], the earth goddess [[Jord]] was the mother of [[Thor]] and the daughter of [[Annar]].

Since Earth is rather large, it is not immediately obvious to the naked eye viewing from the surface that it is an oblate spheroid, bulging slightly at the equator and slightly flattened at the poles. In the past there were varying levels of belief in a [[flat Earth]] because of this. Prior to the introduction of [[space flight]], this belief was countered with deductions based on observations of the secondary effects of the earth's shape and parallels drawn with the shape of other planets. [[Cartography]], the study and practice of mapmaking, and vicariously [[geography]], have historically been the disciplines devoted to depicting the earth. [[Surveying]], the determination of locations and distances, and to a somewhat lesser extent [[navigation]], the determination of position and direction, have developed alongside cartography and geography, providing and suitably quantifying the requisite information.

The technological developments of the latter half of the [[20th century]] are widely considered to have altered the public's perception of the Earth. A photo taken of Earth by ''[[Voyager 1]]'' inspired [[Carl Sagan]] to describe the planet as a "[[Pale Blue Dot]]". Earth has also been described as a massive [[spaceship]], with a [[life support system]] that requires maintenance. See [[Spaceship Earth]].

For descriptions of the Earth in (science) fiction, see [[Earth in fiction]].

==See also==

* '''Ecology''' [[Millennium Ecosystem Assessment]]

* '''Economy:''' [[World economy]]

* '''History'''

**[[Solar system#Origin and evolution of the solar system|Origin and evolution of the solar system]]

**[[Geologic time scale]]

**[[Timeline of evolution]]

**[[History|Human History]]

* '''Legal system:''' [[Anarchy]], [[International law]]

* '''Political:''' [[List of countries]]

*[[Geology]]

**[[Earthquake]]

**[[Plate tectonics]]

*[[Degree Confluence Project]]

*[[Equatorial bulge]]

*[[Earth in fiction]]

**[[Journey to the Center of the Earth]]

**[[Hollow Earth]]

*[[Extraterrestrial life]]

*[[Globus Cassus]]

==References==

*[http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html NASA's Earth fact sheet]

* ''Discovering the Essential Universe'' (Second Edition) by Neil F. Comins (2001)

*[http://space.about.com/od/earth/a/earthinfo_2.htm space.about.com - Earth - Pictures and Astronomy Facts]

==External links==

{{commons|Earth}}

* [http://geomag.usgs.gov USGS Geomagnetism Program]

* [http://www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/classes/isacks/velstruct.pdf] (pdf) - [[density]], [[pressure]], [[gravity]], P-wave and S-wave [[seismic wave]] velocities, and [[Poisson's ratio]] as a function of depth

* [http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/index.html Earth 3D Map from NASA] free downloadable (184.3 [[Megabyte|MB]]).

* [http://earth.google.com/ Google Earth] - [[google]] earth search system.

* [http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/BlueMarble] Nasa Earth Observatory - the Blue Marble (very high resolution images)

{{Footer_SolarSystem}}

[[Category:Earth| ]]

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