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I have understood that ''nori no miya sayako naishinnō denka'''s translation would be: Sayako, female prince (=princess) suo jure of princedom Nori. (As far as anything can be translated fully.) Am I correct in trusting that the abovesaid Japanese wording is in use of her in Japan? (or, why is it mentioned in the text??)<br>Based on this, my proposition for her article heading is [[Sayako, Princess Nori]] [[User:217.140.193.123|217.140.193.123]] 9 July 2005 10:53 (UTC)
{| {{prettyinfobox}}
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| style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2"|
<big align=center><B>Arnold Schwarzenegger</B></big><br>
[[Image:Arnold Schwarzenegger.jpg|200px|Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
|-
| '''Order:''' || 38th Governor of California
|-
| '''Term of Office:''' || November [[2003]]–
|-
| '''Predecessor:''' || [[Gray Davis]]
|-
| '''Successor:''' || [[Incumbent]]
|-
| '''Date of Birth:''' || [[July 30]], [[1947]]
|-
| '''Place of Birth:''' || [[Thal, Austria]]
|-
| '''[[First Lady]]:''' || [[Maria Shriver]]
|-
| '''Profession:''' || [[Actor]]
|-
| '''[[List of political parties in the United States|Political Party]]:''' || [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|-
| '''[[Lieutenant Governor of California|Lieutenant Governor]]:''' || [[Cruz Bustamante]]
|}
== Birth rate nonsense ==
'''Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger''' (born [[July 30]], [[1947]] in [[Thal, Austria|Thal]], [[Styria (state)|Styria]], [[Austria]]) is an [[Austria]]n-[[United States|American]] [[actor]], [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Politics of the United States|politician]], [[bodybuilding|bodybuilder]], and self-made multimillionaire businessman, currently serving as the 38th [[Governor of California]]. He was elected on [[October 7]], [[2003]] in a special [[2003 California Recall|recall election]] which removed sitting Governor [[Gray Davis]] from office. Schwarzenegger was sworn in on [[November 17]], [[2003]], to serve the remainder of Davis' term, which lasts until January [[2007]], and has confirmed he will seek a second term as Governor.
"Sayako has quit her job as an ornithologist in order to focus on her family life and potential motherhood, a decision commonly encouraged in Japanese society due to its falling birth rate." Due to its falling birth rate?? Tradtional values maybe. If this is an official statement from Kuroda or the Imperial family please say so. Otherwise, get rid of "due to its falling birth rate".
Nicknamed ''The Austrian Oak'' in his body-building days, and more recently ''Conan the Republican'' and ''The Governator'', Schwarzenegger as a young man gained widespread attention as a highly successful bodybuilder, and later gained worldwide fame as a [[Hollywood]] [[action film]] star. His most famous films include ''[[The Terminator]]'' (and its sequels), ''[[Predator (movie)|Predator]]'', ''[[Hercules in New York]]'', ''[[Conan the Barbarian]]'', ''[[True Lies]]'', ''[[Junior (film)|Junior]]'' , ''[[Kindergarten Cop]]'', ''[[Total Recall (film)|Total Recall]]'', and ''[[Jingle All the Way]]''.
: Well Japan's shrinking population is a fact, and the idea that Japanese women are encouraged to forgoe professional careers in favour of motherhood is not total conjecture either. This was the article that motivated me to add that, just to be clear: http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/1115/p06s01-woap.html --[[User:Clngre|Clngre]] 16:22, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
==Personal background==
[[Image:Arnold_military.jpg|framed|left|Arnold served in the Austrian army in 1965, completing the mandatory one year service required at the time for all 18 year old Austrian men. During this year he snuck off the base to compete in and win first place in the Jr. Mr. Europe bodybuilding competition.[http://www.schwarzenegger.com/en/life/didyouknow/did_en_arnclassic2002.asp?sec=life&subsec=didyouknow] He is pictured here with an [[Patton tank|M47]] tank, which he was trained to operate.]] <!--Dates verified at http://www.bodybuildbid.com/articles/mrolympia/arnold-schwarzenegger.html-->
:: Speaking as someone who's studied Japanese in Japan, that claim is not total nonsense, but it does not belong in this encyclopedic article. In particular, it oversimplifies Japanese culture. So, I have removed it. --[[User:LostLeviathan|LostLeviathan]] 18:03, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
Schwarzenegger was born in [[Thal, Austria]], four miles (6 km) from [[Graz]], to a '''Gendarmerie-Kommandant''' policeman, [[Gustav Schwarzenegger]] ([[1907]]-[[1972]]) and his wife, the former Aurelia Jadrny ([[1922]]-[[1998]]). His parents were both members of the [[Nazi]] party.
::: Ok, good point, I agree. --[[User:Clngre|Clngre]] 18:13, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
After working in [[Romford, England]] for a short time, Arnold moved to the U.S. in 1968. At that time, he was not fluent in English, and had very little money. He became a U.S. citizen in [[1983]], although he has also retained his Austrian citizenship. During this time, he earned a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] from the [[University of Wisconsin-Superior]] where he graduated with degrees in [[marketing|international marketing]] of fitness and [[business administration]] in [[1979]].
== "left the Imperial Family" ==
In [[1971]] Schwarzenegger's brother Meinhard was killed in an automobile accident, and his father died the following year. He did not attend either funeral. In [[1977]] his autobiography, '''Arnold: The Education of a Body-Builder''' was published. In [[1986]], Schwarzenegger married TV journalist [[Maria Shriver]], niece of the late [[President of the United States]] [[John F. Kennedy]]. The couple have four children: daughters Katherine and Christina, and sons Patrick and Christopher. Together, the couple own a home in gated [[Bel Air, California]] as well as at the fabled [[Kennedy Compound]] in Massachusetts.
What does it mean that she "left the Imperial Family"? -[[User:130.232.65.174|130.232.65.174]] 16:12, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
His distinctive and oft-imitated accent has led many entertainers and pundits to refer to him simply as "Ah-nuld". ['ah-nulled']
:Because she married a commoner, she is no longer in the line of succession. --[[User:Golbez|Golbez]] 17:05, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
==Bodybuilding career==
Schwarzenegger first gained fame as a [[bodybuilding|bodybuilder]]. His well-developed physique earned him the [[moniker]] ''"The Austrian Oak"'' (or ''"The Styrian Oak"'') and won him the titles of Junior Mr. Europe, Mr. World, [[IFBB Mr. Universe]] (1969), [[NABBA Mr. Universe]] (four times, 1967-1970), and [[Mr. Olympia]] (seven times, 1970-1975 and 1980). The seven wins at Mr. Olympia was a record set in 1980, cementing him as a legend of the sport. The record would remain until [[Lee Haney]] won his eighth straight Olympia in 1991. Schwarzenegger is considered among the most important figures in the history of bodybuilding, and his legacy is commemorated in the [[Arnold Classic]] annual bodybuilding competition.
:It means that she must forfeit her royal title, forfeit her right to a royal allowance, and leave the royal palace. At this time, women are not permitted to assume the royal throne in Japan and therefore she was never in the line of succession.
[[Image:Arnold-flexing.jpg|thumb|300px||right|Schwarzenegger poses during a bodybuilding competition.]]
Is she still allowed contact with the Imperial Family, and perhaps attending the occasional Imperial event? --[[User:Madchester|Madchester]] 18:11, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
Schwarzenegger has admitted to using performance-enhancing [[anabolic steroid]]s, writing in [[1977]] that "[steroids] were helpful to me in maintaining muscle size while on a strict diet in preparation for a contest. I did not use them for muscle growth, but rather for muscle maintenance when cutting up." However, some bodybuilders who used the same steroid cocktails as Schwarzenegger in the [[1970s]] dispute the notion that they were used merely for "muscle maintenance". Even Schwarzenegger has called the drugs "tissue building." (see [[http://hjem.get2net.dk/JamesBond/www/artikler/steroidemisbrug/arnoldandsteroids.htm]]) In [[1999]], Schwarzenegger sued Dr. Willi Heepe, a German doctor who publicly predicted an early death for the bodybuilder based on a link between steroid use and later heart problems. Because the doctor had never examined him personally, Schwarzenegger collected a [[Deutsche Mark|DM]] 20,000 ($12,000 USD) libel judgment against him in a German court. In [[1999]] Schwarzenegger also sued and settled with [[Globe Magazine]], a U.S. tabloid which had made similar predictions about the bodybuilder's future health. As late as [[1996]], a year before open heart surgery to replace an [[aortic valve]], Schwarzenegger publicly defended his use of anabolic steroids during his bodybuilding career. (see [[http://espn.go.com/columns/farrey_tom/1655597.html]])
:As far as I know, she will not "openly" contact the Imperial Family but occasionally may attend events when invited. This contact issue is a result of the current constitution that basically forbids the Imperial Family from taking a political position. Suppose her husband (or herself) runs for a seat in congress (unlikely but possible) and reveals his political view a day (or week, month, year, decade, even century) after she met with the Imperial Family. It will be impossible to argue that there was no discussion of politics. Japanese will then be inclined to support his view out of respect for the Imperial Family (compare with how a Catholic in general would support Pope's view) and arguing against would be impossibly hard. Anyway, except for occasional events when a chance encounter is possible, she will not have contact that we will know of. -- [[User:Revth|Revth]] 03:47, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
Schwarzenegger was born with a [[bicuspid aortic valve]]; a normal heart has [[tricuspid]] valves. According to a spokesman, Schwarzenegger has not used anabolic steroids since [[1990]] when they were made illegal (see [[http://hjem.get2net.dk/JamesBond/www/artikler/steroidemisbrug/arnoldandsteroids.htm]]). In bodybuilder slang, steroids are sometimes called "Arnolds" (see [[http://www.streetdrugs.org/dgsa.htm]]).
Hm. If she has a son, will he be considered outside the royal line of succession? --[[User:Brasswatchman|Brasswatchman]] 21:33, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent face in the bodybuilding sport long after his retirement, in part due to his ownership of gyms and fitness magazines. He has presided over numerous contests and awards shows. For many years he wrote a monthly column for the bodybuilding magazines ''Muscle & Fitness'' and ''Flex''. Shortly after being elected Governor, he was appointed executive [[editor]] of both magazines in a largely symbolic capacity. The magazines agreed to donate $250,000 a year to the Governor's various physical fitness initiatives. The magazine ''MuscleMag International'' has a monthly two page article on him and refers to him as "The King".
:Yes, current laws will keep anyone who does not retain the title to be outside succession. -- [[User:Revth|Revth]] 03:47, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
Schwarzenegger's first political appointment was to the [[President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports]], on which he served from 1990 to 1993. He was nominated by [[George H. W. Bush]], who called him ''"Conan the Republican"''.
== "the Imperial Family" ==
In [[2003]] two [[African-American]] bodybuilders came forward claiming that Schwarzenegger has a history of making [[racist]] comments. Schwarzenegger has allegedly said ."If you gave these blacks a country to run, they would run it down the tubes" (see [[http://www.drudgereport.com/ar1.htm]]).
Was she to marry within the Imperial Family, or is there more than one Imperial Family in Japan? This does not seem fair to me. We all are people of God, what right is it that some demand to be imperial to others. Like bush.
==Acting career==
Is she still allowed to go to family functions and holidays? I guess some people (her husband) are not allowed to move up in the world.
Growing bored with professional bodybuilding, which he began to view as a "go nowhere" career, Schwarzenegger began to pursue a career as an [[actor]]. His uniquely muscular appearance earned him several movie roles. His first film appearance was as Hercules in ''[[Hercules in New York]]'' ([[1970]]), credited under the name '''Arnold Strong''', although his accent in the film was so thick that his lines were dubbed. He appeared in ''[[The Long Goodbye]]'', and more notably ''Stay Hungry'', for which he was awarded a [[Golden Globe]]. Schwarzenegger came to the attention of more people in the documentary ''[[Pumping Iron]]'' ([[1977]]), elements of which were dramatized. In 1991, Schwarzenegger purchased the rights to this film, outtakes, and associated still photography that could be embarrassing politically. Initially he had trouble breaking into films because agents disliked his surname, muscles and accent.[http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/arnoldpump1.html] Though Schwarzenegger refuses to discuss his plastic surgery ("You are confusing me with [[Cher (entertainer)|Cher]]," he told ''[[People Magazine]]'' in 2002), citing before and after photos, critics allege he has undergone procedures on his eyes and chin, and has received at least one facelift (see [[http://www.rotten.com/library/bio/entertainers/actors/arnold-schwarzenegger/]]).
:And of course someone has to pull the "People of God" crap. She probably left on her own accord, seeing as how the article doesn't mention any hoopla being thrown by her family. I think they normally marry members of government, diplomats or people higher on the social ladder.--[[User:Kross|Kross]] | [[User talk:Kross|Talk]] 18:09, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
:One other possibility that occured to me reading this article: is it possible that this is just the way that the Imperial Family works? That daughters are considered to "marry out" of the household, while sons stay in the same household? That would fit with what I know of some traditional Asian cultures. I would appreciate it if someone who knew more about traditional Japanese culture would weigh in. --[[User:Brasswatchman|Brasswatchman]] 21:32, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
[[Image:Terminator.jpg|thumb|120px|right|''[[The Terminator]]'', starring Schwarzenegger ([[1984]])]]
::You're right, according to [[Japanese_Imperial_Family#Living_former_members_of_the_imperial_family|this]], they lose their titles as soon as they get hitched.--[[User:Kross|Kross]] | [[User talk:Kross|Talk]] 22:13, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
:.........I smell a Disney movie plot. All it needs is a talking animal played by a black comedian and it'll be perfect. [[User:Keaton|Keaton]] | [[User talk: Keaton|Keaton]] 7:32PM 11/15/05
Schwarzenegger's breakthrough film was ''[[Conan the Barbarian]]'' ([[1982]]), and this was cemented by a sequel, ''[[Conan the Destroyer]]'' ([[1984]]). As an actor, he is best-known as the title character of director [[James Cameron]]'s android thriller ''[[The Terminator]]'' ([[1984]]). Schwarzenegger's acting ability (described by one critic as having an emotional range that "stretches from A almost to B") has long been the butt of many jokes; he retains a strong Austrian accent in his speech even in roles which do not call for such an accent. However, few of the fans of his work seem to care. He also made a mark for injecting his films with a droll, often self-deprecating sense of humor, setting him apart from more serious action heroes such as [[Sylvester Stallone]], his most prominent contemporary. (As an aside, his alternative-universe comedy/thriller ''[[Last Action Hero]]'' featured a poster of the movie ''Terminator 2: Judgment Day'' which, in that alternate universe had Sylvester Stallone as its star; a similar in-joke in ''[[Twins (movie)|Twins]]'' suggested that the two actors might one day co-star, something which never came to pass).
::So true, Keaton, so true... LOL! [[Dismas]]|[[User talk:Dismas|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 09:43, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
[[Image:predator.gif|thumb|120px|left|''[[Predator (movie)|Predator]]'', starring Schwarzenegger ([[1987]])]]
==So it's because he's a commoner or not?==
Following his arrival as a Hollywood superstar, he made a number of commercially successful films: ''[[Commando (film)|Commando]]'' ([[1985]]), ''[[Raw Deal (1986 movie)|Raw Deal]]'' ([[1986]]), ''[[The Running Man]]'' ([[1987]]), and ''[[Red Heat]]'' ([[1988]]). In ''[[Predator (movie)|Predator]]'' ([[1987]]), another commercially successful film, Schwarzenegger led a cast which included future [[Minnesota]] [[List of Governors of Minnesota|Governor]] [[Jesse Ventura]] (Ventura also appears in ''Running Man'') and future [[Kentucky]] [[List of Governors of Kentucky|Gubernatorial]] Candidate [[Sonny Landham]]. ''[[Twins (movie)|Twins]]'', ([[1988]]) a comedy with [[Danny DeVito]], was a change of pace. ''[[Total Recall (film)|Total Recall]]'' ([[1990]]), at that time the most expensive film ever, netted Schwarzenegger $10 million and 15% of the gross, and was a widely praised, thought-provoking science-fiction script behind his usual violent action. ''[[Kindergarten Cop]]'' ([[1990]]) was another comedy.
The sentence "These changes in her status are demanded by a 1947 law that requires female members of the Imperial Family to relinquish their birth position, official membership in the royal family, and allowance upon their marriage." makes it sound like '''any''' marriage would mean that the women would have to leave the Imperial Family. So just to make sure I understand this, is it because she married a "commoner" or is it because she simply married anyone that she has to leave the Family? [[Dismas]]|[[User talk:Dismas|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 09:43, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
The 1947 Imperial Household Law states that if a female member of the imperial family (a naishinnō or an nyoō) marries anyone other than the emperor or another male member of the imperial family, she will automatically lose her status as a member of the imperial family. The issue of princess marrying within the imperial family has not arisen since the 1947 law went into effect because the membership of the imperial family was effectively limited to the male line descendants of Emperor Taishō. Only two of that emperor's four sons, Emperor Shōwa and Prince Mikasa, had children and grandchildren. There simply is no pool of potential husbands among the current imperial family members (22 people).
Schwarzenegger's critical and commercial high-water mark was ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]'' ([[1991]]). His next film project, the self-aware action comedy ''[[Last Action Hero]],'' ([[1993]]), had the misfortune to be released opposite ''[[Jurassic Park]]'', and suffered accordingly. Schwarzenegger's career never again achieved quite the same prominence, his aura of box-office invincibility suffering. ''[[True Lies]]'' ([[1994]]) was a popular sendup of spy films, and saw Schwarzenegger reunited with director [[James Cameron]], whose own career had taken off with ''[[The Terminator]]''. It was followed by the popular, albeit by-the-numbers ''[[Eraser (movie)|Eraser]]'' ([[1996]]), and ''[[Batman and Robin (1997 movie)|Batman & Robin]]'' ([[1997]]), his final film before taking time to recuperate from a back injury. Although ''[[Batman and Robin (1997 movie)|Batman & Robin]]'' was a famous disaster, Schwarzenegger emerged largely unscathed. Several film projects were announced with Schwarzenegger attached to star including the remake of [[The Planet of the Apes]], a new film of [[I am Legend]] and a World War II film scripted by [[Quentin Tarantino]] that would have seen Schwarzenegger finally play an Austrian. Instead he returned with ''[[End of Days]]'' ([[1999]]) - an unsuccessful and atypically dark attempt to broaden his acting range - ''[[The 6th Day]]'' ([[2000]]) and ''[[Collateral Damage]]'' ([[2002]]), none of which came close to recapturing his former prominence. He starred in the popularly received ''[[Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines]]'' ([[2003]]) and was slated to star in a possible ''True Lies 2'' and ''Conan the King'', but his duties as California governor have likely put his movie career on hold until at least [[2007]], though producers repeatedly claim he will make a small appearance in a fourth ''Terminator'' film. His last film appearance to date was a cameo appearance in the 2004 remake of ''[[Around the World in 80 Days (2004 movie)|Around the World in 80 Days]]'', notable for featuring him onscreen with action star [[Jackie Chan]] for the first time.
Chapter III, Article 14 of the 1947 Constitution of Japan states, "Peers and peerage shall not be recognized." There are only two classes of Japanese recognized by this constitution: (1) the members of the imperial family, and (2) all other Japanese citizens. Therefore, even the descendants of the Meiji era kazuko (peerage) and the miyake (imperial collateral lines) are legally commoners. [[User: Jeff]] 07:25, 16 November 2005
===Filmography===
:So wouldn't it be rather incestuous for her to marry one of the Imperial Family? [[Dismas]]|[[User talk:Dismas|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 20:30, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
*[[Hercules in New York]] (1970)
::The imperial family is huge. All royal families have long traditions of marrying distant (and not-so-distant) cousins. When you have a single imperial family tree that has lasted for two millennia, you have a lot of branches. --[[User:Golbez|Golbez]] 21:36, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
*[[The Long Goodbye]] (1973)
:::Okay, one of you says that the Imp. Fam. is 22 members strong, the other says it's "huge" with lots of branches. I'm still confused.... [[Dismas]]|[[User talk:Dismas|<sup>(talk)</sup>]] 19:32, 17 November 2005 (UTC)
*[[Stay Hungry]] (1976)
*[[Pumping Iron]] (1977) (documentary)
*[[The Villain]] (1979)
*Scavenger Hunt (1979)
*[[The Comeback]] (1980) (documentary)
*Body by Garret (1982) (short subject)
*[[Conan the Barbarian]] (1982)
*[[Conan the Destroyer]] (1984)
*[[The Terminator]] (1984)
*[[Red Sonja]] (1985)
*[[Commando (film)|Commando]] (1985)
*[[Raw_Deal_%281986_movie%29|Raw Deal]] (1986)
*[[Predator (movie)|Predator]] (1987)
*[[The Running Man]] (1987)
*[[Red Heat]] (1988)
*[[Twins (movie)|Twins]] (1988)
*[[Total Recall (film)|Total Recall]] (1990)
*[[Kindergarten Cop]] (1990)
*[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]] (1991)
*Freed (1992) (documentary)
*[[Dave (movie)|Dave]] (1993) (cameo)
*[[Last Action Hero]] (1993)
*The Last Party (1993) (documentary)
*[[A Century of Cinema]] (1994) (documentary)
*Beretta's Island (1994)
*[[True Lies]] (1994)
*[[Junior (movie)|Junior]] (1994)
*[[T2 3-D: Battle Across Time]] (1996) (short subject)
*[[Eraser (movie)|Eraser]] (1996)
*[[Jingle All the Way]] (1996)
*[[Stand Tall]] (1997) (documentary)
*[[Batman & Robin]] (1997)
*Junket Whore (1998) (documentary)
*[[End of Days]] (1999)
*[[The 6th Day]] (2000)
*[[Dr. Dolittle 2]] (2001) (voice)
*Last Party 2000 (2001) (documentary)
*[[Collateral Damage]] (2002)
*[[Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines]] (2003)
*[[The Rundown]] (2003) (cameo)
*[[Around the World in 80 Days (2004 movie)|Around the World in 80 Days]] (2004) (cameo)
*How Arnold Won the West (2004) (documentary)
*WMD: Weapon of Mass Destruction (2004) (documentary)
*The Kid & I (2005) (currently in post-production)
::::Maybe I'm wrong. Shrug. Ask them. --[[User:Golbez|Golbez]] 20:22, 17 November 2005 (UTC)
==Political career==
[[Image:Arnoldandson.jpg|thumb|200px|Schwarzenegger and son Patrick at [[Edwards Air Force Base]], [[California]] in December 2002.]]
:::::Golbez, the Japanese Royal Family ''did'' have collateral branches. If you'd read Jeff's earlier post, you'd know that these lines lost their royal status after 1947, as well as the former peerage (nobles like dukes, counts, barons, etc.). A woman traditionally takes the status of her husband upon marriage, which would mean that an Imperial princess must marry of equal rank to keep her title.
===Political affiliation===
Schwarzenegger is a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]], unusual among the often heavily [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] [[Hollywood]] community. He describes himself as fiscally conservative and socially moderate. Schwarzenegger backed Republican President [[Ronald Reagan]], whose footsteps he's following—movie star turned politician—while Reagan was in office, and campaigned for [[George H.W. Bush]] in [[1988]]. However, he chastised fellow Republicans during the impeachment of [[Bill Clinton]] in [[1998]]. Sensing an opportunity to affect the outcome of the [[U.S. presidential election, 2004|2004 Presidential race]], Schwarzenegger campaigned in [[Ohio]] for Republican [[George W. Bush]] in the closing days of the campaign.
:::::Unless she marries into one of the other royal families of East Asia, which would require adopting a whole new culture and language, it is easier for an Imperial princess to marry commoners and lose their status. There is no nobility in Japan and there are no other Imperial princes to marry short of commiting incest. In short, unless a person is a legitimate male-line descendant of Emperor Taisho (and unmarried for women), they are a commoner. -- [[User:65.92.149.147|65.92.149.147]] 04:02, 18 November 2005 (UTC)
In an interview on [[October 29]], [[2002]], with [[MSNBC]]'s [[Chris Matthews]] at [[Chapman University]], Schwarzenegger explained why he is a Republican:
== A japanese princess has married a commoner ==
:"Well, I think because a lot of people don't know why I'm a Republican, I came first of all from a socialistic country which is Austria and when I came over here in [[1968]] with the [[U.S. presidential election, 1968|presidential elections]] coming up in November, I came over in October, I heard a lot of the press conferences from both of the candidates [[Hubert Humphrey|Humphrey]] and [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]], and Humphrey was talking about more government is the solution, protectionism, and everything he said about government involvement sounded to me more like [[Social Democratic Party of Austria|Austrian socialism]].
Hooray! -Patrick Beverley
:Then when I heard Nixon talk about it, he said open up the borders, the consumers should be represented there ultimately and strengthen the military and get the government off our backs. I said to myself, what is this guy's party affiliation? I didn't know anything at that point. So I asked my friend, what is Nixon? He's a Republican. And I said, I am a Republican. That's how I became a Republican."
It had been known since the 1990s that Schwarzenegger was interested in public office; this was jokingly referenced in the [[1993]] [[Sylvester Stallone]] film, ''[[Demolition Man]],'' where a future America passed a constitutional amendment to allow [[naturalization | naturalized]] Americans like Schwarzenegger to become [[President of the United States]], and that film has reference to a "Schwarzenegger Presidential Library"."
Regarding a run for public office, in [[1999]], he told ''Talk'' magazine that "I think about it many times". He also said, "The possibility is there because I feel it inside. I feel there are a lot of people standing still and not doing enough. And there's a vacuum."
===Venturing into politics===
Schwarzenegger was appointed Chairman of the [[President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports]] in the administration of [[George H. W. Bush]] from [[1990]] to [[1993]]. During that time, Schwarzenegger traveled across the U.S. promoting physical fitness to kids and lobbying all 50 governors in support of school fitness programs. "He would hit sometimes two or three governors in a day in his own airplane, at his own expense, somewhere around $4,000 an hour," said George Otott, his chief of staff at the time. "When he walked in, it wasn't about the governor, it was about Arnold," said Otott, a retired Marine. "He has what we in the military call a '''command presence'''. He becomes the number one attention-getter."
He later served as Chairman for the California '''Governor's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports''' under Governor [[Pete Wilson]]. Schwarzenegger scored his first real political success on [[November 5]], [[2002]], when [[California]]ns approved his personally crafted and sponsored [[California Proposition 49 (2002)|Proposition 49]], the "After School Education and Safety Program Act of 2002", an initiative to make state grants available for after-school programs.
===2003 California recall===
For years, Schwarzenegger had discussed with friends, potential donors, advisors and political allies a possible run for high political office; on [[April 10]], [[2003]], for example, he met with Republican political operative [[Karl Rove]] to discuss a future campaign. In the months leading to the [[2003 California recall]], Schwarzenegger was widely rumored to be considering a run at becoming [[Governor of California]]. In the [[July]] [[2003]] issue of ''[[Esquire Magazine]]'' magazine, he said, "Yes, I would love to be governor of California ... If the state needs me, and if there's no one I think is better, then I will run." When a petition to recall [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] governor [[Gray Davis]] qualified for the ballot on [[July 24]], Schwarzenegger left many wondering whether he would jump into the contest. Schwarzenegger was just wrapping up a promotional tour for ''Terminator 3'' and said he would announce his decision on whether to run on [[August 6]] on ''[[The Tonight Show with Jay Leno]]''.
[[image:Arnold Schwarzenegger inauguration-crowd750.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Crowd watching Schwarzenegger inauguration]]
In the days and even hours leading up to the show's taping, political experts and insiders concluded that Schwarzenegger was leaning against running in California's [[October 7]] recall election. Even his closest advisors said he was probably not going to run. Rumors leading up to the announcement said that his wife, [[Maria Shriver]], a Kennedy family Democrat, was against his running, and he wanted her approval in order to run. When announcing his candidacy on [[The Tonight Show with Jay Leno|the Tonight Show]], he joked, "It's the most difficult [decision] I've made in my entire life, except the one I made in [[1978]] when I decided to get a bikini wax". Ultimately, Shriver said she would support Schwarzenegger no matter what he chose, so he decided to run. Schwarzenegger told Leno, "The politicians are fiddling, fumbling and failing. The man that is failing the people more than anyone is [[Gray Davis]]. He is failing them terribly, and this is why he needs to be recalled and this is why I am going to run for governor."
As a candidate in the recall election, Schwarzenegger had the most name recognition in a crowded field of candidates, but he had never held public office and his political views were unknown to most Californians. His candidacy was immediate national and international news, with media outlets dubbing him the "Governator" (referring to ''[[The Terminator]]'' movies, see above) and "The Running Man" (the name of another of his movies), and calling the recall election "Total Recall" (ditto) and "Terminator 4: Rise of the Candidate" (referring to his movie ''[[Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines]]''). Schwarzenegger was quick to make use of his well-known one-liners, promising to "pump up [[Sacramento, California]]" (the state capital) and tell Gray Davis "''hasta la vista''". At the end of his first [[press conference]], he told the audience "I'll be back." Schwarzenegger looked to follow in the footsteps of former California governor and one-time movie star [[Ronald Reagan]]. However, due to his status as a [[naturalize]]d citizen, he would not be eligible to seek the [[President of the United States|Presidency]] unless the [[Constitution]] were to be amended (as proposed in [[2000]] by [[United States House of Representatives|Congressman]] [[Barney Frank]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]-[[Massachusetts|MA]]), and in [[July 2003]] (the [[Equal Opportunity to Govern Amendment]]) by [[United States Senate|Senator]] [[Orrin Hatch]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]-[[Utah|UT]])). Among his campaign team were Democrat actor [[Rob Lowe]], billionaire [[Warren Buffett]], and former Nixon and Reagan aide [[George Shultz]].
[[image:Arnold Schwarzenegger sexual harassment protestors750.jpg|thumb|300px|Sexual harassment protesters]]
During the campaign, allegations of sexual and personal misconduct were raised against Schwarzenegger (see [[Gropegate]]). Within the last five days before the election, news reports appeared in the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' recounting allegations of sexual misconduct from several individual women, sixteen of whom eventually came forward with their personal stories. Chronologically, they ranged from Elaine Stockton, who claimed that Schwarzenegger groped her breast at a [[Gold's Gym]] in [[1975]] (she was 19 at the time), to a 51-year-old woman who said that he pinned her to his chest and spanked her shortly after she met him in connection with production of his film, "The Sixth Day", in [[2000]]. Schwarzenegger admitted that he has "behaved badly sometimes" and apologized, but also stated that "a lot of (what) you see in the stories is not true". This came after a magazine interview from the same era (1975) surfaced in which Schwarzenegger discussed attending sexual orgies and indulging in drugs like [[marijuana]] and [[cocaine]] (see
[[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/news/archive/2003/10/03/state1434EDT0082.DTL]], [[http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/arnoldinter1.html]], [[http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/front/la-me-women2oct02,1,4493659,print.story]]).
Allegations printed on the front page of ''[[The Los Angeles Times]]'', based on selective quotation, which Schwarzenegger claimed not to recall, were also made that he at one time admired [[Adolf Hitler]] and had praised him as a great propagandist. However the full text of the statement from which the quotation was taken significantly reduces the credibility of the allegations. Although Schwarzenegger's father was in fact a member of the [[Nazi]] party, Schwarzenegger has been a strong supporter of various [[Jew]]ish groups, and has denounced the principles of the fascist German regime, saying "I have always despised everything that Hitler stands for".
March 1992 [[Spy Magazine]] article mentions a story confirmed by "a businessman and longtime friend of Schwarzenegger's" -- that in the '70s Arnold "enjoyed playing and giving away records of Hitler's speeches."[http://www.s-t.com/daily/12-96/12-25-96/c06ae100.htm] Arnold supported the campaign of his friend, [[Kurt Waldheim]], former [[UN]] chief and a former Austrian politician who was accused of [[war crimes]] during World War II in [[Yugoslavia]], which resulted in both Waldheim, and his wife, Elisabeth, both of whom belonged to the Nazi Party being excluded from entering the [[USA]]. Schwarzenegger's name remained on Waldheim's campaign posters, even after allegations of Waldheim's war crimes were brought to light. Waldheim was also invited to Arnold's wedding with [[Maria Shriver]], but declined (see [[http://arnoldexposed.com/arnold.htm#nazi]]).
These allegations were brought up mainly in the context of his campaign, but they continue to be occasionally used by some critics. [[Garry Trudeau]], the [[cartoonist]] behind the [[comic strip]] [[Doonesbury]], combined the allegations by nicknaming Schwarzenegger "Herr Gröpenführer" and depicting Schwarzenegger as a huge, groping hand in his artwork.
A slightly smaller scandal arose when campaign ads were shown to have citizens of California out of focus, but products from campaign contributers clear. This got little press but still angered many.
On [[October 7]], [[2003]], the [[2003 California recall]] resulted in Governor [[Gray Davis]] being recalled with 55.4% of the ''Yes'' vote. Schwarzenegger was elected Governor of California under the second question on the ballot with 48.6% of the vote, defeating Democrat [[Cruz Bustamante]], fellow Republican [[Tom McClintock]] and others. In total, Arnold won the election by about 1.3 million votes.
He was sworn into office on [[November 17]], [[2003]]. Schwarzenegger's inauguration was opened by [[Vanessa Lynn Williams]], his co-star from ''[[Eraser (movie)|Eraser]]'', singing the [[The Star-Spangled Banner|National Anthem]]. Hollywood attendees included [[Danny DeVito]], [[Rhea Perlman]], [[Dennis Miller]] and [[Rob Lowe]] (Only Miller is a Republican). The Schwarzenegger children joined others in reciting the [[Pledge of Allegiance]], then [[Maria Shriver]] spoke and held the Bible while Schwarzenegger was sworn into the office of Governor. He spoke briefly: "Today is a new day in California. I did not seek this office to do things the way they've always been done. What I care about is restoring your confidence in your government... This election was not about replacing one man. It was not replacing one party. It was about changing the entire political climate of our state."
===Governorship===
[[image:BushCAGovs.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Arnold Schwarzenegger, [[President of the United States|President]] [[George W. Bush]], and [[Gray Davis]] speak to firefighters on [[November 4]], [[2003]].]]
[[Image:Arnold and Edmund 1.jpg|thumb|300px|Arnold Schwarzenegger and [[Bavaria]]'s minister president [[Edmund Stoiber]]]]
In his first few hours in office Schwarzenegger fulfilled his campaign promise to repeal an unpopular 200% increase in vehicle license fees undertaken to fund the state's budget. The increase was a restoration to 1998 levels. On his first full day in office, Schwarzenegger proposed a three-point plan to address the budget woes. First, Schwarzenegger proposed floating $15,000,000,000 (USD) in [[bond]]s. Second, he urged voters to pass a [[constitutional amendment]] to limit state spending. Third, he sought an overhaul of [[workers' compensation]]. Schwarzenegger also called the state legislature into a special session and said that spending cuts would also be necessary. He initiated the cuts by agreeing to serve as governor with no salary, a savings of $175,000 (USD) per year.
To fulfill the first two points, he urged California voters to pass [[California Proposition 57 (2004)|Proposition 57]] and [[California Proposition 58 (2004)|Proposition 58]] in the [[March 2]], [[2004]] election, which authorized the sale of $15 billion in bonds and mandated balanced budgets, respectively. Despite initially tepid support from the public, the combination of heavy campaigning by Schwarzenegger, endorsements from a number of leading Democrats, and warnings about the dire consequences should the propositions fail to pass, led to overwhelming votes in favor of the two propositions. Prop. 57 passed with 63.3% of the votes in favor and Prop. 58 passed with 71.0% in favor. He accomplished the third point when he signed a workers' compensation reform bill on [[April 19]], [[2004]]. Schwarzenegger convinced the Democratic-controlled state legislature to approve the package by threatening to take the issue directly to state voters in a [[November]] ballot initiative if the legislature did not act.
Schwarzenegger was later criticized for reneging on his campaign pledges not to take money from special interests and for failing to answer directly the sexual harassment allegations raised by the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' immediately preceding the recall election. However, Schwarzenegger made a point shortly after becoming governor of voluntarily attending a training course conducted by the state Attorney General's office on preventing sexual harassment (along with several members of his senior staff). Schwarzenegger continues to collect campaign contributions from private interests (see [[http://arnoldwatch.org/special_interests/index.html]]) at a greater rate than any politician in California history, including Gray Davis, whom he criticized on that very issue (see [[http://www.nbc4.tv/politics/2385057/detail.html]]).
In [[February 2004]] when [[San Francisco]] city mayor [[Gavin Newsom]] ordered a change in the certificate application documents to allow for [[same-sex]] marriages, Governor Schwarzeggger opposed the move as being beyond the powers of the mayor, but also said that he supports gay rights and has expressed support for a law to grant [[civil unions]] to gay couples.
Also in [[February 2004]], he declined [[amnesty]] to convicted murderer [[Kevin Cooper]] who had asked him for clemency in his [[death penalty]] sentence. Nevertheless, Cooper's planned execution was stayed by the [[Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals]] pending a revisiting of evidence. [[Austrian Green Party]] spokesman [[Peter Pilz]] later called for Schwarzenegger to be stripped of his Austrian [[citizenship]]. Pilz claimed that Austrian law forbids any Austrian citizen from taking part in or ordering [[Execution (legal)|execution]]s. However, Schwarzenegger does not appear to be in any danger of losing his Austrian citizenship.
The [[Governor]] has granted [[clemency]] or early release to quite a surprising number of [[convict]]ed [[felons]] serving [[time]] in [[state]] [[prison]]s, leading some to believe that he is less "tough on [[crime]]" than his [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]ic predecessor, who presided over numerous [[executions]].
Despite expectations that Schwarzenegger would be vulnerable to opposition critics once taking office, his early governorship showed some successes. He has dealt successfully with California politicians as diverse as [[John Burton]] on the left to [[Tom McClintock]] on the right. At the end of [[May]], [[2004]] the Field poll put his popularity at 65%, the highest for a California governor in 45 years, including 41% of Democrats, party adherents of his opposition. By comparison, former [[United States President]] [[Ronald Reagan]], known as "the Great Communicator," never hit 60% approval while serving as California governor. (see [[http://www.latimes.com/news/local/politics/cal/la-me-lopez28may28,1,2650515.column?coll=la-news-politics-california]]) In March, [[2004]] libertarian policy research foundation, [[The Cato Institute]], rated him 1st in their fiscal policy report card of the nation's governors.
In [[July 2004]], however, Schwarzenegger and the state legislature deadlocked, failing to approve the state budget on time. Trying to rouse public support for his position, he compared lawmakers to kindergartners who need a "timeout," and in a rally of supporters called his budget opponents "girlie men" (a reference to a long-running ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' skit parodying Schwarzenegger). He said about the legislators: "They are part of a bureaucracy that is out of shape, that is out of date, that is out of touch and that is definitely out of control in Sacramento. They cannot have the guts to come out there in front of you and say, 'I don't want to represent you. I want to represent those special interests: the unions, the trial lawyers.' ... if they don’t have the guts, I call them girlie-men. They should get back to the table and they should finish the budget." The remark became national news and was not received well by his opponents, including [[gay]] advocacy and feminist groups who labeled it homophobic and sexist, in spite of his earlier support for gay rights (see the Gavin Newsom incident above), not to mention the legislators themselves. His supporters made "girly men" T-shirts and the Governor continued to use the term, including when he addressed the [[Republican National Convention]] in [[NYC]], calling critics of the current U.S. economic situation "economic girlie men".
Despite what some viewed as political snags during the summer, the Field polls released in August and October 2004 showed that Schwarzenegger's approval rating remained at 65%. Additionally, in October, for the first time in four years a plurality of Californians felt the state was "on the right track". However, when asked if they would support Schwarzenegger if he could run for president, only 50% said they would oppose, while only 26% said they would support the governor in a presidential bid (see [[http://field.com/fieldpollonline/subscribers/RLS2137.pdf]]).
====Spring 2005====
<!--Please remember to report neutrally in this section-->
In the spring of 2005, polls began showing Schwarzenegger's approval ratings had dropped to between 40-49%.[http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-cap7apr07,1,63188.column?coll=la-headlines-california&ctrack=3&cset=true]
[http://www.woai.com/news/local/story.aspx?content_id=A367E183-FC31-4616-8669-4FD5D36181D4]
[http://www.surveyusa.com/50governorsrated051005.htm]
[http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000103&sid=ac98Wx3eNeSw&refer=us]
On [[June 13]], [[2005]], Schwarzenegger called a [[California special election, 2005|statewide special election]] for [[November 8]], [[2005]], to vote on a series of reform measures he initially proposed in his 2005 State of the State address. A non-partisan Field poll released a week later showed his support had dropped to 37%, one of the lowest approval ratings for any California governor and barely above the support of recalled former Governor, [[Gray Davis]] (see [[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2005/06/21/state/n060039D76.DTL]]).
Schwarzenegger's spokesman responded that Schwarzenegger had not yet had enough time to explain his proposals to voters. The Legislature also shared low approval ratings, with just 24% of voters saying they approve of the job lawmakers have been doing. That represents a drop of 10% since February. The governor has responded that the poll sends a "very clear message to us. They are saying they want us to work together." He has also responded "I know popularity goes up and down... as soon as you start making decisions and strong decisions, sometimes they're not popular decisions." (see [[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,159854,00.html]]). (video, right side)
Republicans have claimed that the drop in popularity was due to a multi-million dollar ad campaign by various groups such as unions for nurses, police and firefighters, who opposed his plans for the state pension and his administration's lawsuit to delay implementation of a nurse-to-patient staffing ratio plan. In late June [[2005]], another non-partisan Field Poll had similar numbers as the earlier one, finding that 57% of California voters are not inclined to elect Schwarzenegger to a second term as Governor in [[2006]] (see [[http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/nm/20050629/pl_nm/politics_fieldpoll_dc_3]]), [[http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/afp/20050621/ts_alt_afp/uspolitics_050621195840]]).
When asked about the lessons of the poll, Schwarzenegger has responded "People make mistakes sometimes, and I think that we learn. [...] These are very clear messages that we must work together, and so I am looking forward to that."
To some degree, Governor Schwarzenegger's unpopularity '''has''' had to do with his confrontations with three popular labor groups: nurses, teachers, and firefighters. Some unions and activists reacted with anger (see [[http://www.sfist.com/archives/2005/04/05/fk_arnold_nurses_firefighters_and_teachers_protest_the_governator.php]],
[[http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/politics/12112103.htm]],
[[http://cbs5.com/topstories/local_story_192212252.html]],
[[http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/local/states/california/northern_california/11964407.htm]]), and others with humor (see [[http://msnbc.msn.com/id/7445648/site/newsweek/]],
[[http://arnoldwatch.org/assets/governator_rap.mp3]],
[[http://talent.pratt.edu/user/114/114_-711700702-main.jpg]]).
====Summer 2005====
=====Accusation of conflict of interest=====
While governor, Schwarzenegger continued to hold a position of executive editor of two [[American Media]] magazines. He announced in March 2004 that his $250,000 a year salary would be donated to charity. Schwarzenegger has an extensive history with the magazines and was frequently their star in his body-building days. As executive editor, he produces monthly columns based on his body-building history.
Schwarzenegger drew fire when a second contract, a consulting position, was subsequently discovered in [[SEC filing]]s, by the ''L.A. Times''. This second contract would net him an estimated $8,000,000 (USD) over the next five years (see [[http://www.latimes.com/features/health/nutrition/la-me-bill15jul15,1,6217015.story?coll=la-health-nutrition-news]]). His consulting duties are not clear, except that the job allegedly "takes up little time."
''[[The New York Times]]'' further reported (on July 15) that under the five-year November 2003 contract, signed two days before his inauguration as Governor, "Oak Productions", Mr. Schwarzenegger's company, is to receive 1 percent of the net print advertising revenues of '''Weider Publications'''. But the payment must be at least $1,000,000 (USD) per year. Mr. Schwarzenegger has also been granted '''phantom equity''', a way of sharing in the growth of the value of the company. The equity could become worth 1 percent of the company's value, which was stated at the time of the contract as $520,000,000 (USD)" (see [[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/15/national/15calif.html?ex=1279080000&en=d59de5489ea19d3b&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss]]).
This contract was seen as a conflict of interest by critics, who note that the magazines receive much of their revenue from advertisements for dietary supplements, a government-regulated industry affected by Schwarzenegger's veto (September 2004) of a bill that would ban schools from accepting sponsorships from firms that make performance-enhancing dietary supplements. In Schwarzenegger's reason for his veto, he drew a distinction between performance-enhancing dietary supplements and steroid usage, which he says is what needs to be prevented in high school students. (see [[http://www.townhall.com/news/politics/200507/POL20050718a.shtml]]). Supporters point out that he did sign into law a bill that prohibited companies from selling the supplements to minors. Following the accusation, Schwarzenegger responded he would end the contracts with the magazines.
In [[August 2005]], the [[Washington Post]] reported that American Media had paid former TV actress [[Gigi Goyette]], $20,000 (USD) to keep silent about a seven-year extramarital affair Schwarzenegger had with her beginning in 1975, when Goyette was 16 years old (see [[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/12/AR2005081201651_pf.html]]). Since the [[age of consent]] in California is 18 years, Schwarzenegger may have committed [[statutory rape]]. In addition, American Media's knowledge of the Goyette affair put it in a position of being able to [[blackmail]] Schwarzenegger, providing further reason for Schwarzenegger to align his interests with theirs.
Also in August, the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' reported that five non-profit organizations had collected $3,000,000 (USD), chiefly from large businesses, in order to help defray Schwarzenegger's personal and political expenses, including the rent on the $6,000-a-month hotel suite that Schwarzenegger uses when in Sacramento (see [[http://ktla.trb.com/news/local/la-me-nonprofits24aug24,0,3132004.story?coll=ktla-news-1]]). The governor's spokeman subsequently reported that Schwarzenegger had directed the disclosure of the contributors to the "residence fund". (see [[http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-ed-funds29aug29,0,213871.story?coll=la-home-oped]])
====Fall 2005====
On [[September 29]], [[2005]], Schwarzenegger vetoed the California gay marriage bill after it had passed both houses of the legislature (see [[http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=46212]], [[http://www.southernvoice.com/thelatest/thelatest.cfm?blog_id=2680]]). He stated that he vetoed the bill because he felt that it was in oppostion to the will of the voters as expressed by [[Proposition 22]], that had passed in [[2000]] with 61.4% of the vote. Prop 22 stated that only marriages between a man and a woman would be recognized in the state of California.
On [[September 16]], Governor Schwarzenegger announced that he would seek a second term. Despite his initially high approval ratings, a Field Poll conducted the week before indicated that only 36% of California voters were inclined to reelect him (see [[http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/09/16/schwarzenegger.re.election.ap/]]).
Schwarzenegger vetoed SB 469 (Bowen) October 7. It would have required people circulating petitions to say whether the signature gatherers are volunteers or are being paid to collect signatures.
==Miscellaneous==
* In honor of its most famous son, Schwarzenegger's home town of [[Graz]] named its new [[football (soccer)|football]] (soccer) stadium after him. The Arnold Schwarzenegger Stadion, which is the home of both [[Grazer AK]] and [[Sturm Graz]] and has a capacity of 15,400, cost €20.5 million, and opened on [[July 9]], [[1997]].
* In [[2005]] [[Peter Pilz]] from the [[Austrian Green Party]] in parliament demanded to revoke Schwarzenegger's Austrian citizenship because of his involvement in the exercise of the [[death penalty]] in California. This demand was based on article 33 of the Austrian citizenship act that states: "''A citizen, who is in the public service of a foreign country, shall be deprived of his citizenship, if he heavily damages the reputation or the interests of the {Austrian} Republic''". The [[European Convention on Human Rights]], which bans the death penalty, is part of the Austrian constitution. Schwarzenegger justified his actions by referring to the fact that his only duty as Governor of California was to prevent an error in the judicial system.
* Because Schwarzenegger opted in 1997 for a replacement heart valve made of his own transplanted tissue, medical experts predict he will require repeated heart valve replacement surgery in the next two to eight years (as his current valve degrades). Schwarzenegger apparently opted against a mechanical valve, the only permanent solution available at the time of his surgery, because it would have sharply limited his physical activity and capacity to exercise.
* He bought the first [[Hummer]] manufactured for [[civilian]] use in [[1992]], a model so large (6,300 [[lb]]s and seven [[feet]] wide) that it is classified as a large truck and U.S. fuel economy regulations do not apply to it. From the Diesel H1's fuel capacity and range ratings, it may go as few as 16 [[miles]] per U.S. [[gallon]]. (Source: ''The Book of Useless Information'', page 14, published [[2002]]). During the Gubernatorial Recall campaign he announced that he would convert one of his Hummers to burn hydrogen (see [[http://msnbc.msn.com/id/3180817/]]). The conversion was reported to have cost about $21,000 (USD). After the election, he signed an executive order to jumpstart the building of hydrogen refueling plants called the "California Hydrogen Highway Network", and gained a [[United States Department of Energy|DOE]] grant to help pay for its projected $91,000,000 (USD) cost (see [[http://www.bmwworld.com/hydrogen/schwarzenegger.htm]]). California took delivery of the first H2H (Hummer 2 Hydrogen) in October 2004 (see [[http://trucks.about.com/od/hybridcar/a/hummer_h2h.htm]]).
* Is good friends with fellow bodybuilder/actor/cigar-enthusiast [[Sven-Ole Thorsen]], and has collaborated with him in 15 movies so far.
==See also==
* [[Spy Magazine]]
==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
{{commons|Arnold Schwarzenegger}}
===Official===
*[http://www.governor.ca.gov/ State of California - Office of Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger]
*[http://www.schwarzenegger.com/en/index.asp Arnold Schwarzenegger's Official Website] (Non-Political)
*[http://www.joinarnold.com/ Arnold Schwarzenegger's Official Political Website]
*[http://www.citizenstosaveca.org/ Citizens to Save California, a broad-based committee supporting the reform agendas of Governor Schwarzenegger and others ]
===Unofficial===
* [http://www.twoop.com/people/archives/2005/10/arnold_schwarzenegger.html Arnold Schwarzenegger] - Timeline of his life
* [http://kdkprankcalls.com/soundboards/page3/index.html Selection of Arnold soundboards]
* [http://www.allstarz.org/~fandamme/ FanDamme Almost 1000 pictures here]
* [http://www.commandofans.com CommandoFans.com] A website and message board dedicated to the Schwarzenegger film ''Commando''.
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/3131155.stm Arnold and the American dream] (BBC News)
* Greg Palast [http://www.gregpalast.com/detail.cfm?artid=283&row=1 Arnold Unplugged] (exposé on the Schwarzenegger-Enron connection)
* [http://www.schwarzenegger.ca Schwarzenegger.ca] A bodybuilding forum, complete with a dedicated Arnold section
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/video/39425000/rm/_39425228_arnie_speech_vi.ram Video: Arnold's victory speech] (BBC News)
* [http://www.languagemonitor.com/uploads/pjjp_au_interview.mp3 ArnoldSPEAK: The Governator's Impact on Language]
* [http://100towatch.com/2008/arnold-schwarzenegger.html Arnold Schwarzenegger news and related links]
* [http://www.mediaman.com.au/profiles/schwarzenegger.html Arnold Schwarzenegger: King of bodybuilding, movies, politics and media]
* [http://www.globalarnold.com/ globalarnold.com] (Global Arnold Schwarzenegger fan community)
* [http://www.schwarzeneggergovernor.com/ Arnold Schwarzenegger Governor]
* [http://www.arnoldexposed.com/ Anti-Schwarzenegger web site.]
* [http://www.arnoldcalls.com/ Site dedicated to Arnold Schwarzenegger prank calls.]
* [http://www.mashhur.com/item/commando Schwarzenegger's popularity in Pakistan]
==References==
* Arnold Schwarzenegger, ''Arnold: Developing a Mr Universe Physique'', 1977
* ---- [http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/arnoldinter1.html Interview in ''Oui'' magazine, August 1977 ]
* ---- [http://www.time.com/time/nation/printout/0,8816,483264,00.html Excerpts from ''Time Out'' (London) interview, 1977]
* ---- ''Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder'', 1983, Simon & Schuster, Reprint edition, 1993, ISBN 06717974841983. autobiography
* ---- ''Arnold's Body Building for Men'', Simon & Schuster, Reprint edition, 1984, ISBN 0671531638
* ---- ''The New Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding : The Bible of Bodybuilding'', 1985, Fully Updated and Revised, Simon & Schuster, 1999, ISBN 0684857219
* Nigel Andrews, ''True Myths of Arnold Schwarzenegger : The Life and Times of Arnold Schwarzenegger, from Pumping Iron to Governor of California'', Bloomsbury USA, Revised edition, 2004, ISBN 1582344655
* Michael Blitz, ''Why Arnold Matters: The Rise of a Cultural Icon''
*Karen Brandon, ''Arnold Schwarzenegger''.
*Colleen A. Sexton, ''Arnold Schwarzenegger (A&E Biography)'', Lerner Publications, 2004, ISBN 0822522233
* Susan Zannos, ''Arnold Schwarzenegger (Real-Life Reader Biography)''
* Andy Borowitz, ''Governor Arnold : A Photodiary of His First 100 Days in Office'', Simon & Schuster, 2004, ISBN 0743262662
* "Arnold Schwarzenegger - Hollywood Hero" DVD ~ Todd Baker
* "Pumping Iron" (25th Anniversary Special Edition) DVD ~ George Butler
* {{imdb name|id=0000216|name=Arnold Schwarzenegger}}
*[http://www.cinemovie.info/ArnoldSchwarzenegger_scheda.html Cinemovie.Info: Arnold Schwarzenegger]
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title=[[List of Governors of California|Governor of California]]|
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start=[[2003]]|
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[[Category:Governors of California|Schwarzenegger, Arnold]]
[[Category:Film actors|Schwarzenegger, Arnold]]
[[Category:Actor-politicians|Schwarzenegger, Arnold]]
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[[Category:Austrian actors|Schwarzenegger, Arnold]]
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[[Category:Austrian people]]
[[Category:Foreign-born US political figures|Schwarzenegger, Arnold]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States|Schwarzenegger, Arnold]]
[[Category:Worst Actor Razzie Nominee|Schwarzenegger, Arnold]]
[[Category:Worst Supporting Actor Razzie Nominee|Schwarzenegger, Arnold]]
[[Category:Batman|Schwarzenegger, Arnold]]
[[Category:Pro-choice celebrities|Schwarzenegger, Arnold]]
[[Category:Kennedy family|Schwarzenegger, Arnold]]
[[Category:1947 births|Schwarzenegger, Arnold]]
[[cs:Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
[[da:Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
[[de:Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
[[es:Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
[[eo:Arnold SCHWARZENEGGER]]
[[fr:Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
[[ko:아널드 슈워제네거]]
[[hr:Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
[[id:Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
[[it:Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
[[la:Arnoldus Schwarzeneggerus]]
[[he:ארנולד שוורצנגר]]
[[hu:Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
[[nl:Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
[[ja:アーノルド・シュワルツェネッガー]]
[[no:Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
[[pl:Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
[[pt:Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
[[ru:Шварценеггер, Арнольд Алоис]]
[[fi:Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
[[sv:Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
[[zh:阿诺·施瓦辛格]]
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