|
'''''Digital imprimatur''''' is a term widely associated with [[John Walker (programmer)|John Walker]], due to his article of the same name. Traditionally in the [[Roman Catholic Church]], an [[imprimatur]] is a censor's official approval of publication. Thus a digital imprimatur is needed under a system of [[internet censorship]].
:''This article is about the continent. For other meanings, see [[Europe (disambiguation)]].''
{{portal}}{{clearright}}
{{clearright}}
'''Europe''' is [[geology|geologically]] and [[geography|geographically]] a [[peninsula]] or [[subcontinent]], forming the westernmost part of [[Eurasia]]. It is conventionally considered a [[continent]], which, in this case, is more of a cultural distinction than a geographic one.. It is bounded to the north by the [[Arctic Ocean]], to the west by the [[Atlantic Ocean]], to the south by the [[Mediterranean Sea]], and to the east its boundary is culturally determined and unclear. However, the [[Ural mountains]] are considered by most authorities to be a geographical and tectonic landmark separating Europe and Asia.
{{clearright}}
John Walker argues in his article ''The Digital Imprimatur: How big brother and big media can put the Internet genie back in the bottle'', that there is increasingly a crackdown on the ability for internet users to voice their ideas, as well as an upcoming official state of internet censorship on the horizon. Walker claims that the most likely candidate to usher in the digital imprimatur is [[digital rights management]], or DRM.
[[Image:LocationEurope.png|thumb|250px|World map showing Europe (geographically)]]{{clearright}}
[[Image:Europe satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|250px|A satellite composite image of Europe]]
Europe is the world's second-smallest continent in terms of [[area]], with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than [[Australia]] only. In terms of [[population]], it is the third-largest continent ([[Asia]] and [[Africa]] are larger). The population of Europe is roughly 700,000,000: about 11% of the world's population.
Similar scenarios have been predicted by others, including [[Richard Stallman]], in his article and essay ''The Right to Read''.
==Etymology==
[[Image:Europa-Zeus-LDS.jpg|thumb|Picture of [[Europa (mythology)|Europa]], carried away by bull-shaped [[Zeus]].]]
Other people predict the establishment of a [[dynamic equilibrium]] between repressive official and commercial and more free but in some cases illegal technologies, resulting in the emergence of [[darknet]]s and [[anonymous P2P]] systems, together with alternative networking systems (including but not limited to [[sneakernet]]s and both fixed and ad-hoc [[wireless mesh network]]s), and vivid [[underground culture]] and [[black market]] centered on them, in accordance with the [[iron law of prohibition]].
In [[Greek mythology]], [[Europa (mythology)|Europa]] was a [[Phoenicia]]n princess who was abducted by [[Zeus]] in bull form and taken to the island of [[Crete]], where she gave birth to [[Minos]]. For [[Homer]], ''Europé'' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: Ευρωπη; see also [[List of traditional Greek place names]]) was a mythological queen of Crete, not a geographical designation. Later ''Europa'' stood for mainland Greece, and by [[500 BC]] its meaning had been extended to lands to the north.
The Greek term ''Europe'' has been derived from Greek words meaning broad (''eurys'') and face (''ops'') -- ''broad'' having been an [[epithet|epitheton]] of [[Earth]] herself in the reconstructed [[Proto-Indo-European religion]]; see [[Prthivi]] (''Plataia''). A minority, however, suggest this Greek [[popular etymology]] is really based on a [[Semitic]] word such as the [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] ''erebu'' meaning "sunset" (see also ''[[Erebus]]''). From the [[Middle East]]ern vantagepoint, the sun does set over Europe, the lands to the west. Likewise, [[Asia]] is sometimes thought to have derived from the Akkadian word ''asu'', meaning "sunrise", and is the land to the east from a [[Mesopotamian]] perspective.
==History==
''Main article: [[History of Europe]]''
Europe has a long history of cultural and economic achievement, starting as far back as the [[Palaeolithic]], although this is true for the rest of the [[Old World]] as well. The recent discovery at [[Monte Poggiolo]], [[Italy]], of thousands of hand-shaped stones, tentatively carbon-dated to 800,000 years ago, may prove to be of particular importance.
The origins of Western democratic and individualistic culture are often attributed to [[Ancient Greece]], though numerous other distinct influences, in particular [[Christianity]], can also be credited with the spread of concepts like egalitarianism and universality of law.
The [[Roman Empire]] divided the continent along the [[Rhine]] and [[Danube]] for several centuries. Following the [[decline of the Roman Empire]], Europe entered a long period of changes arising from what is known as the [[Age of Migrations]]. That period has been known as the "[[Dark Ages]]" to [[Renaissance]] thinkers. During this time, isolated monastic communities in [[Ireland]] and elsewhere carefully safeguarded and compiled written knowledge accumulated previously. The [[Renaissance]] and the [[New Monarchs]] marked the start of a period of discovery, exploration, and increase in scientific knowledge. In the [[15th century]] [[Portugal]] opened the age of discoveries, soon followed by [[Spain]]. They were later joined by [[France]], the [[Netherlands]] and [[Great Britain]] in building large colonial empires with vast holdings in [[Africa]], [[the Americas]], and [[Asia]].
After the age of discovery, the ideas of [[democracy]] took hold in Europe. Struggles for independence arose, most notably in [[France]] during the period known as the [[French Revolution]]. This led to vast upheaval in Europe as these revolutionary ideas propagated across the continent. The rise of democracy led to increased tensions within Europe on top of the tensions already existing due to competition within the [[New World]]. The most famous of these conflicts was when [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] rose to power and set out on a conquest, forming a new [[French empire]] that soon collapsed. After these conquests Europe stabilised, but the old foundations were already beginning to crumble.
The [[Industrial Revolution]] started in [[Great Britain]] in the late [[18th century]], leading to a move away from agriculture, much greater general prosperity and a corresponding increase in population. Many of the states in Europe took their present form in the [[aftermath of World War I#Geopolitical and Economic Consequences|aftermath of World War I]]. From the end of [[World War II]] through the end of the [[Cold War]], Europe was divided into two major political and economic blocks: [[Communism|Communist]] nations in [[Eastern Europe]] and [[Capitalism|capitalist]] countries in [[Western Europe]]. Around [[1990]], with the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]], the [[Eastern bloc]] disintegrated.
==Geography and extent==
[[Image:Physical Map of Europe.jpg|right|250px|thumb|The political and geographic boundaries of Europe are not always synoymous. This physical and political map shows Europe at its furthest extent, reaching to the Urals.]]
''For further information see the article [[Geography of Europe]].''
Geographically Europe is a part of the larger landmass known as [[Eurasia]]. The continent begins at the [[Ural Mountains]] in [[Russia]], which define Europe's eastern boundary with [[Asia]]. The southeast boundary with Asia isn't universally defined. Most commonly the [[Ural River|Ural]] or, alternatively, the [[Emba River|Emba]] river can serve as possible boundaries. The boundary continues with the [[Caspian Sea]], and then the [[Caucasus]] mountains or, alternatively, the [[Kuma-Manych Depression|Kuma and Manych rivers]], and on to the [[Black Sea]]; the [[Bosporus]], the [[Sea of Marmara]], and the [[Dardanelles]] conclude the Asian boundary. The [[Mediterranean Sea]] to the south separates Europe from [[Africa]]. The western boundary is the [[Atlantic Ocean]], but [[Iceland]], much farther away than the nearest points of [[Africa]] and [[Asia]], is also often included in Europe. There is ongoing debate on where the [[geographical centre of Europe]] is.
At times "Europe" is defined with greater regard to political, economic, and other cultural considerations. This has led to there being several different ''Europes'' that are not always identical in size, including or excluding countries according to the definition of ''Europe'' used.
Almost all European countries are members of the [[Council of Europe]], the exceptions being [[Belarus]], and the [[Holy See]] ([[Vatican City]]).
The idea of the European ''continent'' is not held across all cultures. Some non-European geographical texts refer to the continent of Eurasia, or to the European peninsula, given that Europe is not surrounded by sea. In the past concepts such as [[Christendom]] were deemed more important.
In another usage, ''Europe'' is increasingly being used as a short-form for the [[European Union]] (EU) and its members, currently consisting of 25 member states. A number of other European countries are negotiating for membership, and several more are expected to begin negotiations in the future (see [[Enlargement of the European Union]]).
==Physical features==
In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected [[peninsula|peninsulas]]. The two largest of these are "mainland" Europe and [[Scandinavia]] to the north, divided from each other by the [[Baltic Sea]]. Three smaller peninsulas ([[Iberian peninsula|Iberia]], [[Italy]] and the [[Balkans]]) emerge from the southern margin of the mainland into the [[Mediterranean Sea]], which separates Europe from [[Africa]]. Eastward, mainland Europe widens much like the mouth of a funnel, until the boundary with Asia is reached at the [[Ural Mountains]].
Land relief in Europe shows great variation within relatively small areas. The southern regions, however, are more mountainous, while moving north the terrain descends from the high [[Alps]], [[Pyrenees]] and [[Carpathians]], through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. This extended lowland is known as the Great European Plain, and at its heart lies the [[North German Plain]]. An arc of uplands also exists along the northwestern seaboard, beginning in the western [[British Isles]] and continuing along the mountainous, [[fjord]]-cut spine of [[Norway]].
This description is simplified. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys and basins that complicate the general trend. [[Iceland]] and the [[British Isles]] are special cases. The former is a land unto itself in the northern ocean which is counted as part of Europe, while the latter are upland areas that were once joined to the mainland until rising sea levels cut them off.
Due to the few generalisations that can be made about the relief of Europe, it is less than surprising that its many separate regions provided homes for many separate nations throughout history.
==Biodiversity==
<!-- probably this should be transferred to a new article named "Biodiversity of Europe" and only the summary should be left here. Specific species should be added. -->
Having lived side-by-side with agricultural peoples for millennia, Europe's animals and plants have been profoundly affected by the presence and activities of man. With the exception of [[Scandinavia]] and northern [[Russia]], few areas of untouched wilderness are today to be found in Europe, except for different natural parks!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The main natural vegetation cover in Europe is [[forest]]. The conditions for growth are very favourable. In the north, the [[Gulf Stream]] and [[North Atlantic Drift]] warm the continent. Southern Europe could be described as having a warm, but mild climate. There are frequent summer droughts in this region. Mountain ridges also affect the conditions. Some of these ([[Alps]], [[Pyrenees]]) are oriented east-west and allow the wind to carry large masses of water from the ocean in the interior. Others are oriented south-north ([[Scandinavian Mountains]], [[Dinaric Alps|Dinarides]], [[Carpathians]], [[Apennines]]) and because the rain falls primarily on the side of mountains that is oriented towards sea, forests grow well on this side, while on the other side, the conditions are much less favourable. Few corners of mainland Europe have not been grazed by [[livestock]] at some point in time, and the cutting down of the pre-agricultural forest habitat caused disruption to the original plant and animal ecosystems.
Eighty to ninety per cent of Europe was once covered by forest. It stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the [[Arctic Ocean]]. Though over half of Europe's original forests disappeared through the centuries of [[colonisation]], Europe still has over one quarter of the world's forests - [[spruce]] forests of Scandinavia, vast [[pine]] forests in Russia, [[chestnut]] [[rainforest]]s of the Caucasus and the [[cork oak]] forests in the Mediterranean. During recent times, deforestation has been stopped and many trees were planted. However, in many cases conifers have been preferred over original deciduous trees, because these grow quicker. The plantations and monocultures now cover vast areas of land and this offers very poor habitats for European forest dwelling species. The amount of original forests in Western Europe is just two to three per cent (in the European part of Russia five to ten per cent). The country with the smallest forest-covered area is [[Ireland]] (eight per cent), while the most forested country is Finland (72 per cent).
In "mainland" Europe, [[deciduous]] forest prevails. The most important species are [[beech]], [[birch]] and [[oak]]. In the north, where [[taiga]] grows, a very common tree species is the [[birch]] tree. In the Mediterranean, many [[olive]] trees have been planted, which are very well adapted to its arid climate. Another common species in Southern Europe is the [[cypress]]. [[Coniferous]] forests prevail at higher altitudes up to the forest boundary and as one moves north within Russia and Scandinavia, giving way to [[tundra]] as the Arctic is approached. The semi-arid Mediterranean region hosts much scrub forest. A narrow east-west tongue of Eurasian [[grassland]]—the [[steppe]]—extends eastwards from Ukraine and southern Russia and ends in Hungary and traverses into taiga to the north.
Glaciation during the most recent [[ice age]] and the presence of man affected the distribution of European fauna. As for the animals, in many parts of Europe most large animals and top [[predator]] species have been hunted to extinction. The [[woolly mammoth]] and [[aurochs]] were extinct before the end of the [[Neolithic]] period. Today [[wolf|wolves]] ([[carnivore]]s) and [[bears]] ([[omnivore]]s) are endangered. Once they were found in most parts of Europe. However, deforestation caused these animals to withdraw further and further. By the [[Middle Ages]] the [[bears]]' habitats were limited to more or less inaccessible mountains with sufficient forest cover. Today, the brown bear lives primarily in the Balkan peninsula, in the North and in Russia; a small number also persist in other countries across Europe (Austria, Pyrenees etc.), but in these areas brown bear populations are fragmented and marginalised because of the destruction of their habitat. In the far North of Europe, polar bears can also be found. The [[wolf]], the second largest predator in Europe after the brown bear, can be found primarily in [[Eastern Europe]] and in the Balkans.
Other important European carnivores are [[Eurasian lynx]], European [[wild cat]], [[fox]]es (especially the [[red fox]]), [[jackal]] and different species of [[marten]]s, [[hedgehog]]s, different species of snakes ([[viper]]s, [[grass snake]]...), different birds ([[owl]]s, [[hawk]]s and other [[birds of prey]])
Important European [[herbivore]]s are [[snail]]s, [[amphibian]]s, [[fish]], different birds, and [[mammal]]s, like [[rodent]]s, [[deer]]s and [[roe deer]]s, [[boar]]s, and living in the mountains, [[marmot]]s, [[Alpine Ibex|steinbocks]], [[chamois]]es among others.
Sea creatures are also an important part of European flora and fauna. The sea flora is mainly [[phytoplankton]]. Important animals that live in European seas are [[zooplankton]], [[mollusc]]s, [[echinoderm]]s, different [[crayfish]], [[squid]]s and [[octopus]]es, fish, [[dolphin]]s, and [[whales]].
Some animals live in [[cave]]s, for example [[olm|proteus]] and [[bat]]s.
== Demographics ==
Almost all of Europe was possibly settled before or during the last [[ice age]] ca. 10,000 years ago. [[Neanderthal man]] and [[modern man]] coexisted during at least some of this time. Roman road building helped with the [[interbreeding]] of the native Europeans' genetics. In contemporary times Europe has one of the lowest inbreeding rates in the world because of an extensive transport network paired with open borders.
Europe passed well over 600 million people before the turn of the 20th century, but now is entering a period of population decline, for a variety of social factors.
==Independent states==
[[Image:Europe_political_map.png|thumb|center|500px|According to [[Transcontinental nation|one view]] of the boundary, the European continent is the area coloured [[green]] on this map.]]
The following independent [[state]]s have territory in Europe:
{| border="0" cellpadding="2"
|
* [[Albania]]
* [[Andorra]]
* [[Austria]]
* [[Azerbaijan]]<small><sup>2</sup></small>
* [[Belarus]]
* [[Belgium]]
* [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
* [[Bulgaria]]
* [[Croatia]]
* [[Czech Republic]]
* [[Denmark]]
* [[Estonia]]
* [[Finland]]
* [[France]]
* [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]<small><sup>2</sup></small>
| width="10px" |
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
* [[Germany]]
* [[Greece]]
* [[Hungary]]
* [[Iceland]]
* [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
* [[Italy]]
* [[Kazakhstan]]<small><sup>3</sup></small>
* [[Latvia]]
* [[Liechtenstein]]
* [[Lithuania]]
* [[Luxembourg]]
* [[Republic of Macedonia]]<small><sup>4</sup></small>
* [[Malta]]
* [[Moldova]]
* [[Monaco]]
* [[Netherlands]]
* [[Norway]]
| width="10px" |
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
* [[Poland]]
* [[Portugal]]
* [[Romania]]
* [[Russia]]<small><sup>5</sup></small>
* [[San Marino]]
* [[Serbia and Montenegro]]<small><sup>6</sup></small>
* [[Slovakia]]
* [[Slovenia]]
* [[Spain]]
* [[Sweden]]
* [[Switzerland]]
* [[Turkey]]<small><sup>7</sup></small>
* [[Ukraine]]
* [[United Kingdom]]
* [[Vatican City]]
|}
<sup>2</sup> Azerbaijan and Georgia lie partly in Europe according to the usual definition which consider the crest of the [[Caucasus Mountains|Caucasus]] as the boundary with Asia.<br>
<sup>3</sup> Kazakhstan's European territory consists of a portion west of the Ural and Emba Rivers.<br>
<sup>4</sup> The name of this state is a matter of international dispute. See [[Republic of Macedonia]] for details.<br>
<sup>5</sup> Those territories of Russia lying west of the Ural Mountains are considered as part of Europe.<br>
<sup>6</sup> State union of [[Serbia|Republic of Serbia]] and the [[Montenegro|Republic of Montenegro]].<br>
<sup>7</sup> European Turkey comprises territory to the west and north of the Bosporus and the Dardanelles straits.<br>
<sup>2, 3, 5, 7</sup> See [[Transcontinental nation|Countries in both Europe and Asia]] for details.<br>
==Dependent territories==
The European territories listed below are recognised as being culturally and geographically defined. Most have a degree of autonomy. In the list below, each territory is followed by its legal status.
*[[Faroe Islands]] (autonomous region of [[Denmark]])
*[[Gibraltar]] (UK overseas territory)
*[[Guernsey]] (British crown dependency)
*[[Jersey]] (British crown dependency)
*[[Isle of Man|Man, Isle of]] (British crown dependency)
*[[Svalbard]] (autonomous region of [[Norway]])
Note that this is not a list of all dependencies of all European countries. Dependencies located on other continents are not listed.
==Unilaterally seceded territories==
Following are breakaway regions of independent states. These regions have declared and [[de facto]] achieved independence, but this is not recognised [[de jure]] by their "home" state or by the other independent states.
*[[Abkhazia]] (from Georgia)
*[[Nagorno-Karabakh]] (located geographically in Asia; recognised by Armenia; from Azerbaijan)
*[[South Ossetia]] (from Georgia)
*[[Transnistria]] (from Moldova)
==Territories under [[United Nations]] administration==
*[[Kosovo|Kosovo and Metohia]] (province of [[Serbia]])
==Linguistic and cultural Regions in Europe==
The sub-division in several linguistic and cultural regions is much less subjective than the geographical sub-division, since they correspond to people's cultural connections. There are three main groups:
=== Germanic Europe ===
[[Germanic Europe]], where [[Germanic languages]] are spoken. This area corresponds more or less to north-western Europe and some parts of central Europe. The main religion of the region is [[Protestantism]], even if there are also some countries with [[Roman Catholic Church |Catholic]] majority (particularly Austria). This region consists of: United Kingdom, Iceland, Germany, Austria, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Luxemburg, Liechtenstein, the Faroe Islands, German-speaking Switzerland, the [[Flemish Region|Flemish part of Belgium]], the [[Finland-Swedish|Swedish-speaking]] [[municipalities of Finland|municipalities]] of Finland, and the [[South Tyrol]] part of Italy.
=== Latin Europe ===
[[Latin Europe]], where the [[Romance languages]] are spoken. This area corresponds more or less to south-western Europe, with the exception of Romania and Moldova which are situated in Eastern Europe. The major religion is Catholicism, except in Romania and Moldavia. This area consists of: Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Romania, Moldova, French-speaking Belgium and French speaking Switzerland, and Italian and Romansh speaking Switzerland as well.
=== Slavic Europe ===
[[Slavic Europe]], where Slavic languages are spoken. This area corresponds to more or less Central and Eastern Europe. The main religions are [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]] and Catholicism, but also [[Islam]]. This area consists of: Ukraine, Poland, Russia, Belarus, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria.
=== Outside of this classification ===
Outside of these three main groups we can find:
* The [[Celtic]] nations: [[Scotland]], [[Wales]], [[Northern Ireland]], [[Cornwall]] (within the [[United Kingdom]]); the [[Isle of Man]] (a [[Crown Dependency|British Crown dependency]]); the [[Republic of Ireland]]; [[Brittany]] (within [[France]]). These are all nations where a [[Celtic Languages|Celtic language]] is spoken, or was spoken into modern times, and there is a degree of shared culture (see [[Pan Celticism]]). Also considered a Celtic nation, by some, is [[Galicia (Spain)]] (within [[Spain]]), whose own Celtic language died out several hundred years ago.
* Greece, the only country of "Hellenic Europe".In [[Hellinic Europe]] we can consider also the [[Greek Cypriot]] community It is sometimes associated with the Latin countries, due to the geographical and cultural ties to the Mediterranean Sea, and sometimes to the Slavic-Orthodox part of Europe due to the importance or Orthodoxy in Greece.
* Ibero-Caucasian, a group that includes ethnic groups throughout the [[Caucasus]] region (both North and South). Ibero-Caucasian languages are not linked to the [[Indo-European]] languages. This group includes [[Georgians]], [[Abkhaz people|Abkhaz]], [[Chechens]], [[Balkars]], and a number of other smaller ethnic groups that reside in the [[Caucasus]].
* Turkey, having a language not of Indo-European origin, and mainly a Muslim country, unlike the main groups' different versions of Christianity.
* Hungary ([[Magyar]] language), a language related to Finnish and Estonian. Due to its ___location Hungary is normally grouped with Central or Eastern European countries.
* Finland and Estonia, whose languages are related to Hungarian. Despite this connection (not a close one), Finland and Estonia are normally associated with northern European countries (of an even farther connection).
==See also==
*[[Culture of Europe]]
*[[Economy of Europe]]
*[[Geography of Europe]]
*[[History of Europe]]
*[[Politics of Europe]]
*[[Transport in Europe]]
*[[Eurozone]]
*[[European Union]]
*[[Euroregion]]
*[[Europium]]
===Lists and tables===
*Demographics
**[[Area and population of European countries]]
**[[European Union Statistics]]
**[[Largest European metropolitan areas|The most populous metropolitan areas in Europe]]
**[[Largest urban areas of the European Union|The most populous urban areas of the European Union]]
*Economy
**[[Economy of the European Union]]
**[[Financial and social rankings of European countries]]
**[[List of European countries by GDP|GDP of European Countries]]
*Political
**[[Names of European cities in different languages|Alternative names of European cities]]
**[[Date of independence of European countries]]
**[[International Organisations in Europe]] (table of membership)
*Other
**[[List of Europe-related topics]]
== External links ==
{{wikinews|Category:Europe}}
{{commons|Europe}}
*{{wikitravel}}
*[http://www.democracyineurope.com Democracy in Europe]
*[http://www.holidayhomeseuro.com European holiday homes]
*[http://phoenicia.org/europa.html Europa, the Phoenician Princess] - overwhelmed [[Zeus]] with love
*[http://www.europestartpage.com EUROPEstartpage.com, travel and city guide to Europe]
*[http://www.limitlesseurope.com LimitlessEurope.com : information guide to Europe]
*[http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=13266 Europe at Night] at [[NASA Earth Observatory]]
*[http://www.geog.tamu.edu/~prout/GVmidtermTwo.html Regions of Europe]
*[http://p086.ezboard.com/balbanau Evropa / Europa / Europe]
*[http://www.eufpc.org EUFPC European Foreign Policy Council]
*[http://www.itmaps.com/?modul=map Map of Europe]
*[http://www.parks.it/europa/Eindex.html Parks in Europe] - National parks, nature parks, reserves and other protected areas.
{{Continent}}
*[[Trusted computing]]
[[Category:Continents]]
*[[Digital rights management]]
[[Category:Europe| ]]
==External links==
{{Link FA|zh}}
* [http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/digital-imprimatur/ The Digital Imprimatur: How big brother and big media can put the Internet genie back in the bottle]
* [http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html The Right to Read] by [[Richard Stallman]].
[[Category:Digital rights management]]
[[af:Europa]]
[[alsCategory:EuropaCensorship]]
[[ang:Europa]]
[[ar:أوروبا]]
[[an:Europa]]
[[roa-rup:Evropa]]
[[ast:Europa]]
[[ay:Iwrupa]]
[[bg:Европа]]
[[zh-min-nan:Europa]]
[[be:Эўропа]]
[[bn:ইউরোপ]]
[[bs:Evropa]]
[[br:Europa]]
[[ca:Europa]]
[[cv:Европа]]
[[chr:ᎡᎶᏆ]]
[[co:Europa]]
[[cs:Evropa]]
[[cy:Ewrop]]
[[da:Europa]]
[[de:Europa]]
[[et:Euroopa]]
[[el:Ευρώπη]]
[[es:Europa]]
[[eo:Eŭropo]]
[[eu:Europa]]
[[fr:Europe]]
[[fy:Jeropa]]
[[fur:Europe]]
[[ga:An Eoraip]]
[[gl:Europa]]
[[gu:યુરોપ]]
[[ko:유럽]]
[[ht:Ewòp]]
[[haw:ʻEulopa]]
[[hi:यूरोप]]
[[hr:Europa]]
[[io:Europa]]
[[id:Eropa]]
[[ia:Europa]]
[[is:Evrópa]]
[[it:Europa]]
[[he:אירופה]]
[[kn:ಯುರೋಪ್]]
[[ka:ევროპა]]
[[csb:Eùropa]]
[[kw:Europa]]
[[sw:Ulaya]]
[[ku:Ewropa]]
[[la:Europa]]
[[lv:Eiropa]]
[[lt:Europa]]
[[lb:Europa (Kontinent)]]
[[li:Europa]]
[[hu:Európa]]
[[mk:Европа]]
[[mi:Ūropi]]
[[ms:Eropah]]
[[mo:Еуропа]]
[[na:Iurop]]
[[nl:Europa (continent)]]
[[nds:Europa]]
[[ja:ヨーロッパ]]
[[no:Europa]]
[[nn:Europa]]
[[pl:Europa]]
[[pt:Europa]]
[[ro:Europa]]
[[qu:Iwrupa]]
[[ru:Европа]]
[[se:Eurohpá]]
[[sco:Europe]]
[[st:Europa]]
[[sq:Evropa]]
[[scn:Europa]]
[[simple:Europe]]
[[sk:Európa]]
[[sl:Evropa]]
[[sr:Европа]]
[[fi:Eurooppa]]
[[sv:Europa]]
[[ta:ஐரோப்பா]]
[[th:ทวีปยุโรป]]
[[vi:Châu Âu]]
[[tpi:Yurop]]
[[tr:Avrupa]]
[[udm:Европа]]
[[uk:Європа]]
[[uz:Evropa]]
[[wa:Urope]]
[[yi:אײראָפּע]]
[[zh:欧洲]]
| 