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:''For the Canadian band, see [[The Watchmen]].''

== Archives ==

{{cleanup-date|July 2005}}

[[User talk:Susvolans/Archive 1|August 2004 to September 2005]]

{{NPOV}}

== Thank you ==

[[Image:Watchmencharacters.jpg|right|200px|thumb|The cast of ''Watchmen''. Clockwise from top: Doctor Manhattan, the Comedian, Ozymandias, Nite Owl, Rorschach, Captain Metropolis, the Silk Spectre. Art by [[Dave Gibbons]]]]

Thank you for speaking up on the behalf of a user you did not even know. I appreciate your efforts for justice. Should you have any lingering concerns, I encourage you to come to my talk page and join the dialog there on what has occured. Discussion is the best way to calm stormy waters. [[User:TheChief|<font color=#0000ff>The</font><font color=#ff7f00>Chief</font>]] [[User_talk:TheChief|(<font color=#0000ff>Pow</font><font color=#ff7f00>Wow</font>)]] 17:30, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

'''''Watchmen''''' was a twelve-issue [[comic book]] limited series by writer [[Alan Moore]] and artist [[Dave Gibbons]]. Originally published monthly by [[DC Comics]] in 1986-1987; it was later republished as a [[graphic novel]].

==Ignore all rules==

Considered a landmark (along with [[Frank Miller]]'s ''[[The Dark Knight Returns]]'' and [[Art Spiegelman]]'s ''[[Maus (comics)|Maus]]''), ''Watchmen'' sparked an interest from a wider adult audience than traditionally associated with comics. As comics expert [[Don Markstein]] writes, "What ''[[The Maltese Falcon]]'' did for [[detective stories]] and ''[[Shane]]'' did for [[Western (genre)|Westerns]], ''Watchmen'' did for [[superhero]]es. It transcended its origins in what was previously considered a lowbrow form of fiction to provide a rich reading experience for all, whether they came in as fans of the genre or not."[http://www.toonopedia.com/watchmen.htm]

First, obviously, if rule 5 were deleted, it would become four pillars rather than five. I think that any change to the four/five pillars should be well discussed on its talk page first. Failure to do so would be to ignore all rules, which could be seen as [[WP:POINT]].

I personally think that the five pillars document is fine, because it says that there are no rules other than those listed, and the writers' rules of engagement are one of the pillars. The real problem is that Ignore All Rules is the wrong summary of the guideline, and is sufficiently wrong as to be a destructive title, because it can easily be read as meaning that one can ignore civility. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] 18:16, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

''Watchmen'' won numerous [[Kirby Award|Kirby]] and [[Eisner Award|Eisner]] awards from the comic industry, and won a special achievement [[Hugo Award]] in [[1987]], the only graphic novel to do so. In [[2005]] ''[[Time Magazine]]'' included it on a list of the 100 best novels from 1923 to the present.

Thanks Susvolans - I'm just taking baby steps for now [[User:Redkaty|Redkaty]] 14:38, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

==Introduction==

==Final decision==

Set in an [[Alternative history (fiction)|alternative history]] in which superheroes are real, ''Watchmen'' is an adventure and crime drama that incorporates moral philosophy, popular culture, history, art, and science.

The arbitration committee has reached a final decision in the [[Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Louis Epstein]] case [[User:Raul654|&rarr;Raul654]] 02:12, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view]] ==

The core plot is the unfolding of a conspiracy revealed by the investigation of a superhero's murder. Around this the story weaves many related strands exploring human nature and different ethical approaches to the conflict between good and evil, via the personal histories and relationships of the main characters and the broader history of costumed adventurers and comic books.

Regarding the [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view&curid=39805&diff=28415528&oldid=28413773 revert; the claim that all five pillars are unchangeable has no foundation in policy], why is it there then? Is the [[Wikipedia:Five pillars]], wrong? -- [[User:Zondor|Zondor]] 17:42, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Moral accountability is a major theme, and the title ''Watchmen'' refers to the [[Latin]] "''Quis custodiet ipsos custodes''", often translated as "''Who watches the watchmen''?", from [[Juvenal]]'s [[Satire VI (Juvenal)|Satire VI]] ''Against Women''.

==Background Updated poll ==

I have completely changed the poll. Please see [[Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (years in titles)/Poll]] --[[User:AllyUnion|AllyUnion]] [[User talk:AllyUnion|(talk)]] 02:39, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

[[Image:Watchmencovers.png|framed|Cover art for both the [[US|U.S.]] and [[United Kingdom|U.K.]] collected editions of the ''Watchmen'' comics, published [[1987]] by [[DC Comics]]/[[Titan Books]]]]

== curly quotes ==

In the alternative mid-[[1980s]] reality of ''Watchmen'', [[Richard Nixon]] enjoys unprecedented popularity ([[Watergate]] never occurred) serving a [[Twenty-second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution|third and fourth term]] as President after leading the [[United States of America]] to victory in the [[Vietnam War]]. This victory, and many other differences between this world and the actual one, stem from the existence of [[Doctor Manhattan]], an American superhero with vast powers over matter and energy.

May I ask why you moved [["—All You Zombies—"]] to [[“—All You Zombies—”]]? &mdash; [[User:Flamingspinach|flamingspinach]] | [[User_talk:Flamingspinach|(talk)]] 06:13, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

In this world, there were superhero comics in the late [[1930s]], including Superman. These actually inspired one of the main characters to become a costumed crimefighter ([[Nite-Owl|Nite Owl I]]), but have since disappeared, replaced by pirate-themed comics, perhaps occurring because the existence of real costumed crimefighters made the notion of fictionalised ones seem needless. [[Doctor Manhattan]], alone in possessing paranormal powers, was the first of a "new era" of more sophisticated superheroes who lasted from the [[1960s]] until their outlawing by the [[1977]] "Keene Act", introduced in response to police strikes and civilian unrest over the superheroes' unaccountability in acting above the law.

== class="wikitable" ==

The Keene Act requires all "costumed adventurers" to register with the government. Most of the ''Watchmen'' characters retired, some revealing their superhero identities to cash in on the media attention. Others, such as [[Comedian (comics)|The Comedian]] and [[Doctor Manhattan]], continued to work under government supervision and control. [[Rorschach (comics)|Rorschach]], however, operated outside of the law as a [[vigilante]].

I wouldn't know how, but why would you want to anyway? [[User:Bluemoose|Martin]] 14:32, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

The story opens with the investigation of the murder of businessman Edward Blake, soon revealed to be the civilian identity of The Comedian.

:Aha, so you mean find occurances where it was expanded when it used [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Prettytable&oldid=23029079 this] revision of the prettytable. In which case the only way I think you could find them would be to get someone to use an SQL query on the database dump, but I don't know how successful that would be. At the moment I am not capable of doing this, but plently of other people are. [[User:Bluemoose|Martin]] 16:10, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

== Origin and characters ==

{{wikiquote}}

In the early [[1980s]] [[DC Comics]], who had acquired a number of existing characters from [[Charlton Comics]], commissioned a treatment from [[Alan Moore|Moore]] for a mini-series about them. ''Watchmen'' is the resulting story, recast with new heroes to avoid continuity problems with the existing [[DC Universe]] and previously established characters. (Moore recast characters he grew up with; when asked, he admitted this story would have left them useless to DC if it had been set in the mainstream.)

While the ''Watchmen'' characters were initally inspired by various [[Charlton Comics]] characters, it's worth noting that Moore borrowed elements of other comics characters as well, and also drew on his own imagination. Below is a list of ''Watchmen'' characters and the figures who inspired them:

* [[Comedian (comics)|The Comedian]] (Edward Blake), adapted from the [[Peacemaker (comics)|Peacemaker]].

* [[Doctor Manhattan]] (Jon Osterman), adapted from [[Captain Atom]].

* [[Nite Owl]] I (Hollis Mason), adapted from [[Blue Beetle|Blue Beetle (Dan Garrett)]].

* [[Nite Owl]] II (Dan Dreiberg), adapted from [[Blue Beetle|Blue Beetle (Ted Kord)]].

* [[Ozymandias (comics)|Ozymandias]] (Adrian Veidt), adapted from [[Peter Cannon, Thunderbolt|Thunderbolt]].

* [[Rorschach (comics)|Rorschach]] (Walter Kovacs), adapted from [[The Question]].

* [[Silk Spectre]] I and II (Sally Juspeczyk, and later Laurie Juspeczyk), adapted from [[Nightshade (comics)| Nightshade]]

==Plot Summary==

{{spoiler}}

The primary storyline of ''Watchmen'' takes place in October, 1985. While investigating the murder of New York citizen Edward Blake, Walter Kovacs (aka Rorschach) uncovers Blake's secret identity as The Comedian, a costumed adventurer and government agent active since the 1940s. Forming a theory that Blake's murder is the first in a plot to eliminate current and former costumed adventurers, Kovacs extends warnings to four others still living in New York; Jon Osterman (aka Dr. Manhattan), Laurel Jane Juspeczyk (aka Silk Spectre 2), Dan Dreiberg (aka Nite Owl 2) and Adrian Veidt (aka Ozymandias).

The world surrounding the characters is dark and violent, with the United States and Soviet Union edging toward a nuclear showdown. Since the 1959 nuclear accident that destroyed and then recreated American physicist Osterman, imbuing him with superhuman control over matter and energy, the U.S. has enjoyed a distinct strategic advantage, allowing it to force the Soviets into a series of defeats. The transformed Osterman was eventually dubbed "Doctor Manhattan", but almost immediately began to lose emotional contact with humanity. In seeming anticipation of global war, American society has a general sense of fatalism about the future, (i.e. the dark-humor candy "MMeltdowns"; biblical Armageddon imagery personified in a popular band named "Pale Horse"; [[Hiroshima]]-inspired graffiti) and increasing reverence for the past (reflected in the success of "Nostalgia" aftershave).

Veidt, long retired and living openly as an ultrawealthy corporate executive, had noticed Osterman's growing detachment early on and formed a hypothesis that growing military expenditures, environmental damage and other elements would eventually cause global catastrophe in the mid-nineties. In an elaborate plot to avert this disaster, Veidt acted to increase Osterman's isolation by secretly causing various cancers in former Osterman associates, while manipulating the press into speculating that Osterman himself was the cause. Osterman's subsequent break with the U.S. government accelerated the global crisis. At its peak, with nuclear war only days away, Veidt used a teleportation device to move a massive genetically-engineered creature into the heart of New York City, knowing the resulting explosion and psychic shockwave would kill half the residents. Within that psychic flash was imagery designed to convince survivors worldwide that the creature was merely the first in a potential alien invasion force. Thus presented with an external threat, the United States and Soviet Union withdrew from the brink and began forming more peaceable relations.

The murderer of Blake was Veidt himself, after Blake uncovered details of Veidt's plot. Veidt also eliminated numerous employees and minions to safeguard the plot. At the end, the only persons knowing the key details were Osterman (who then left Earth for good), Dreiberg and Juspeczyk (who formed a powerful emotional and romantic bond and anticipated returning to crimefighting in this newer, more positive world) and Kovacs (killed by Osterman shortly before Osterman's departure). Before confronting Veidt, however, Kovacs mailed his journal detailing his suspicions about Veidt to a right-wing magazine he regularly read named ''The New Frontiersman''. The final frame of the series shows a ''Frontiersman'' editor contemplating which item from the "crank pile" (to which Kovacs' journal had been consigned) to use as filler for the upcoming issue.

==Character Overviews==

{{Expandsect}}

''Watchmen'' presents some complex philosophical and ethical issues related to [[morality]] and the struggle between [[good]] and [[evil]], as well as examining the nature of what it means to be human. The Characters of ''Watchmen'' demonstrate different aspects of these questions:

===The Comedian===

A [[cynicism|cynic]] who exhibits [[nihilism|nihilist]]ic qualities and believes that most individuals are powerless to affect geo-political realities the Comedian is often motivated by his own desires. He is inclined to be [[autonomy|autonomous]], only aligning himself with others if their motives are similar to his own. A possible [[sadism and masochism|sadist]], the Comedian often engages in violent activites such as rape and becoming a [[mercenary]] during the Vietnam War.

Initially, his "morally correct" actions when fighting crime are contrasted against his abrupt and cruel personality, which portray him as a person lacking [[empathy]] for others. However, his actions upon his discovery of Ozymandias' "Alien Island" suggest that The Comedian is not merely a selfish egotist, but someone who is concerned for the well being of the many. His conduct could denote a belief in [[Utilitarianism]], suggesting that, in the case of the Vietnam War, his violent conduct was justifable (in his mind) as he was merely acting for his government, and America as a whole. Often, though, he makes no attempt to explain the seeming immorality of his actions. A good example of this is when he murders a [[Vietnamese]] woman pregnant with his unborn child.

===Rorschach===

An extreme example of [[moral absolutism]], Rorschach is uncompromising in his answer to evil: it must be punished, even in the face of Armageddon. His opposition to crime is matched by total lack of [[empathy]] for criminals, whom he treats as non-human, and his disdain for conventional [[law]], government, and the police causes him to become a [[vigilante]]; he puts right, as he sees it, first. He shows little reverence for "conventional [[morality]]", seemingly willing to take drastic measures to achieve his goals, such as the torture or even the execution of criminals. His "law and order" attitude, coupled with Rorschach's readership of ''The New Frontiersman'', make clear he values strongly-held and -expressed views of society; he clearly represents Everyman, with little interest in, or understanding of, economics or foreign policy, only crime and morality. Rorschach is determined not to spend his life as a bystander. Thus, like Batman, crime has driven him to become a crusader. In Rorschach's case, it was the murder of [[Kitty Genovese]] (and the inaction of her neighbors) that inspired him to fight crime, but the brutal murder of an innocent girl that sent him over the edge. Rorschach's mask was fashioned out of a section of Genovese's unbought dress, with its unique shifting white and black pattern.

===Ozymandias===

Although an intellectual [[elitist]] who believes in [[Utilitarianism]] and is willing to murder millions of innocents in the attempt to improve the lives of billions more, Ozymandias seems to be the most outwardly "good" member of the Watchmen. Like Rorschach he believes himself to be exempt from the limitations of conventional behavioral norms and puts himself beyond that of normal human experience. His behavior and self-belief suggest that he may be a [[megalomania]]c, whilst his idolisation of [[Alexander the Great]] leaves him with something of a "chip on his shoulder". Not even his philanthopy, inventions. or huge, multi-million dollar business ventures can appease his desires for greatness. This viewpoint enables him to have an apparently callous disregard for the lives of "ordinary" people (though he later confides to Doctor Manhattan about his responsibility to shoulder the terrible guilt). If Doctor Manhattan is seen as God, then Ozymandias can easily be seen as the [[Overman]].

===Doctor Manhattan===

After an accident as a scientist, he was transformed into something non-human, and, throughout the tenure of ''Watchmen'', becomes increasingly detached from humanity as a whole. As the story progresses, he disavows any interest in human affairs and rejects the validity of any notion of morality. His ability to see the world outside of time leads him to embrace [[determinism]]. Doctor Manhattan is identified as something of a God-figure as ''Watchmen'' progresses; after dying and resurrecting himself, he gains near omniscient knowledge and almost omnipotent powers, and in his final scene walks on water and leaves to create human life somewhere else. For all his godlike power, he is as flawed and human as the rest, having difficulties with relationships. He personifies intellect over emotion. Because of his aloofness and somewhat nihilist philosophy, he is hated by several characters throughout the Watchmen. He represents Nietzche's [[übermench]] in the sense that his actions are completely beyond good and evil.

===Silk Spectre II===

A [[reluctant]] superhero, she was pushed toward the vocation by her mother, Silk Spectre I, a successful crime fighter prior to her birth. Something of a [[hedonism|hedonist]], she challenges her role as the Silk Spectre, and chooses to engage in a relationship with Doctor Manhattan. The Silk Spectre's indulgent, carefree attitude is exactly the opposite of Doctor Manhattan's pensive wonderings about the future of the human race, and causes Doctor Manhattan to leave Earth after the dissolution of the relationship. Her apparent [[altruism]] belies her more hedonistic tendencies.

===Nite Owl II===

Something of a [[recluse]], a strong interest in [[ornithology]] manifests intself in some of his inventions, which relate to owls in someway. Detached from his parents, he struggles to find purpose with his life, thus glamorizing the notion of being a costumed crimefighter. However, he does not have a resolute purpose, such as that of Rorschach, and is quite contingent, often relying on others to tell him what to do rather than following his own desires.

==Watchmen's Structure==

===Composition===

{{Expandsect}}

{{spoiler}}

''Watchmen'' is comprised of 12 chapters (which reproduce the original comic book issues). The beginning of each chapter shows a clock face which progresses by a minute for each issue, from 11:49 in the first chapter to 12:01 in the final chapter. Quotes act as a footnote at the end of each chapter, their meaning pertaining to the events and tone of that chapter.

At the end of each chapter of ''Watchmen'', fictional essays and documents are included which serve to elaborate various aspects of Moore's fictional world. Fictional newspaper reports, personal journals, and other articles that originate in the world of ''Watchmen'' add details, clarify the myriad backstories, and are utilized by Moore as a device to create a larger context within which the main narrative takes place. These include [[Rorschach (comics)|Rorschach]]'s psychiatric medical records, the [[EC Comics]]-style [[pirate]] comic book running as a counterpoint to the larger narrative, and the fictitious far right-wing magazine, ''The New Frontiersman'', which demonstates the political climate of this alternative United States history.

===Themes===

====Authority====

The title of ''Watchmen'' is derived from a quotation from [[Juvenal]]'s [[Satire VI (Juvenal)|Satire VI]] ''Against Women'' which, when read in its original context, helps elucidate its importance with regard to ''Watchmen'':

:"''I hear all this time the advice of my old friends&mdash;<br>Put on a lock and keep your wife guarded behind doors.<br>Yes, but who will watch the watchmen?<br>The wife arranges accordingly and begins sleeping with them''."

The question of authority and who is at liberty to dispense it is a question apparent throughout ''Watchmen''. Rorschach is keen to preside as judge over all misdemeanors, whereas Doctor Manhattan believes them all to be irrelevant when considered as part of the universe. Rorschach exemplifies this point well; whilst readers may consider his actions to be just (if a little extreme) when combatting criminals, his history of mental illness raises doubts over whether these are then justified. Ozymandias' noble views of a better world are coloured when he begins to plan to kill millions in the process. In short, if no-one is watching those that protect, what lengths will they go to achieve their aims?

====The "Outsider"====

Another issue is the perception of the outsider or those with an "outcast status", and the role of prejudice in decisions, especially when politics or sexual orientation is concerned. The Keene Act is a device which is used to legimately outlaw difference, and even as "radical" a publication as ''The New Frontiersman'', an assertively pro-superhero tabloid is also racist and anti-Russian as well as anti-Soviet in its outlook.

Several characters exhibit "outsider" tendencies in different way, for example:

* Rorschach is ostracised because of his violent tendencies as a child, and his perceived ugliness. Unloved by his mother, he exists outside the social sphere, casting judgement on those who would commit crimes, with little understanding of their motives. His "outsider" status is such that he no longer considers himself to be a man in costume, rather, the costume is him.

* Ozymandias' [[egomania]] allows him to label himself as far more intelligent than other humans. His success in business gives him the platform to begin to make decisions that will affect humanity as a whole. In his younger years, he withdrew from society and attempted to re-trace the footsteps of his hero, [[Alexander the Great]]. After having something of a mystical experience, he feels he is graced with the knowledge to do right for everyone. He becomes reclusive, and builds a biodome in the Antarctic.

* Doctor Manhattan is perhaps "outsider personified" as he is the only character who is non-human. He lacks the ability to relate to humans and their petty needs and desires now that he has the ability to travel to other planets and control matter. As the story progresses, he simply cannot understand anything about humans, even some of their most fundamental attributes, such as emotion, or fear. He feels so different from others that he leaves Earth, favouring Mars.

==Editions==

Originally published as twelve individual issues, ''Watchmen'' was later printed as a graphic novel (ISBN 0930289234).

A special hardcover edition was produced by [[Graphitti Designs]] in 1987, containing 48 pages of bonus material, including the original proposal and concept art. DC did not distribute the book in quantity as planned, but a small quantity were printed and can still be found for sale occasionally.

On October 5, 2005, DC released ''Absolute Watchmen'' (ISBN 1401207138), a hardcover edition of ''Watchmen'' to celebrate its upcoming 20th anniversary. The book features a slipcase as well as restored and recolored art by John Higgins at [[Wildstorm FX]], under the direction of Dave Gibbons. The new book also includes the bonus material from the Graphitti edition, marking the first time this material has been widely available.

==Parody==

''Watchmen'' (along with ''[[Crisis on Infinite Earths]]'' and other crossovers and "event" comics of the period) was parodied by Simpsons Comics' Radioactive Man series: Radioactive Man #679 (Sept 1994), entitled "Who Washes The Washmen's Infinite Secrets Of Legendary Crossover Knight Wars?" by Steve Vance.

==Related products==

In 1987, [[Mayfair Games]] produced two adventure modules based on ''Watchmen'' for its ''[[DC Heroes]]'' [[role-playing game]]. These modules, entitled "Who Watches the Watchmen?" and "Taking out the Trash", included background information about the fictional ''Watchmen'' universe, approved by [[Alan Moore]]. His approval made these publications valuable to fans as the only outside source of supplemental information about the characters in the story (especially minor characters, such as the Minutemen and [[Moloch (comics)|Moloch]]).

[[DC Comics]] also released a limited edition badge set featuring characters and images from the series as well as a replica smiley badge. A sequel of sorts was proposed with a ''Tales Of The Black Freighter'' mini series or one-shot as the most likely possiblities. Unfortunately, this never happened, as when [[Alan Moore]] fell out with [[DC Comics]] over censorship issues, he promptly stopped any potential new work he was planning to submit to DC.

In 1988 British Acid House music act [[Bomb the Bass]] used the blood stained smiley badge on the cover of the "Beat Dis" single release. This influenced the adoption of the Smiley Badge as a feature of rave culture.

In 2001, for the 15th anniversary, DC announced plans for a new hardcover edition of the series as well as an action figure line including figures of Silk Spectre, Ozymandias and the Comedian. However, citing conflicts with DC, Moore pulled his support of the project, and DC chose not to continue their plans.

===Film version===

In 1989 and again in 1996, [[Terry Gilliam]] was approached to direct a movie based on the series, the first time under production by [[Joel Silver]], but both projects failed. Gilliam once commented that the material was unfilmable as a feature film but would consider directing a twelve part miniseries. The option was picked up again in April 2004 when [[Darren Aronofsky]] was named as director but eventually dropped out due to scheduling conflicts with pre-production of ''[[The Fountain]]''.

In May [[as of 2005|2005]], [[Paul Greengrass]] had decided to direct a movie based on the series for [[Paramount Pictures]], with a script by [[David Hayter]]. [[Paramount Pictures]] dropped the project in [[June 2005]], and producers [[Larry Gordon]] and [[Lloyd Levin]] are reportedly taking the project to other studios. No actors have yet been cast, although [[Jude Law]] has long maintained interest in such a project.

==External links==

*[http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Studios/3840/watchmen.html Watchmen - by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons]

*[http://members.tripod.com/~sonofthelizardking/moorelinks.html Links to Alan Moore Fansites]

*[http://www.stahl.bau.tu-bs.de/~hildeb/watchmen/ Ralf Hildebrandt's Annotations]

*[http://www.enjolrasworld.com/Annotations/Alan%20Moore/Watchmen/watchmen%20index.htm Doug Atkinson's Annotations]

*[http://www.capnwacky.com/rj/watchmen/chapter1.html Doug Atkinson's Annotations Mirror Site]

*[http://www.toonopedia.com/watchmen.htm Toonopedia entry]

*[http://www.yeray-muaddib.com/watchmen/ Spanish article about the comic, its authors and its repercussions]

*[http://www.twomorrows.com/comicbookartist/articles/09moore.html Alan Moore Interview]

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