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Line 1: {{cleanup-verify}} ~~''This article is about the military applications of '''white phosphorus'''. For more general information, see [[phosphorus#Forms\|Phosphorus]].''~~ {{unreferenced}} '''Willa Ford''' (born '''Amanda Lee Williford''' on [[January 22]], [[1981]]) is an [[United States\|American]] [[pop singer]]. '''White phosphorus''' is a common [[allotrope]] of the [[chemical element]] [[phosphorus]] which has found extensive [[military]] application as a [[smoke-screen]]ing agent and secondarily as an [[incendiary weapon]]. It is commonly referred to in military [[jargon]] as "WP" or "white phos". The [[Vietnam War]] era slang '''Willie Pete''', '''Whiskey Pete''' or '''Wiley P''' is still occasionally heard. [[Image:Willaford.jpeg\|right\|thumbnail\|Willa Ford]] ~~== Smoke-screening ==~~ ~~Weight-for-weight, phosphorus is the most effective [[smoke-screen]]ing agent known, for two reasons:~~ ~~# It actually absorbs most of the screening mass from the surrounding [[atmosphere]]; and~~ # The [[smoke]] particles are actually an [[aerosol]], a [[mist]] of liquid droplets which are close to the ideal range of sizes for [[Mie theory\|Mie scattering]] of [[visible light]]. This effect has been likened to [[Dimension\|three dimensional]] textured privacy glass—the smoke cloud does not obstruct an image, but thoroughly scrambles it. It also absorbs infrared radiation. <!-- Can it be used as infrared smoke? --> ==Biography== ~~When phosphorus burns in air, it first forms [[phosphorus pentoxide]]:~~ Willa was born and raised in [[Ruskin, Florida]]. She began pursuing her dream of becoming a singer at the age of 8, when she started singing with the ''Tampa Bay Children's Choir''. By the time she reached age 11, she had moved on from the children’s choir to the Tampa-based children’s performing arts troupe, ''Entertainment Revue''. This group consisted of 20 girls ages 5-16. The tour the area and sang at such places as, [[Walt Disney World]] and Busch Gardens. Willa worked hard in the group and moved her way up from a chorus member to the role of featured soloist. When Willa was 15, she left the troupe and landed spot with a local foursome ''FLA''. She didn’t stay long with the group before deciding to head out to Los Angeles. ~~: P<sub>4</sub> + 5 O<sub>2</sub> → 2 P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>~~ ~~However phosphorus pentoxide is extremely [[hygroscopic]] (actually, [[deliquescent]]) and quickly absorbs even minute traces of moisture to form liquid droplets of [[phosphoric acid]]:~~ ~~:P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> + 3 H<sub>2</sub>O → 2 H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>~~ Since an [[atom]] of phosphorus has an [[atomic mass]] of 31 but a [[molecule]] of phosphoric acid has a [[molecular mass]] of 98, the cloud is already 68% by mass derived from the atmosphere. (To put that another way, you have 3.2 kilograms of smoke for every kilogram of WP you started with.) But it can still absorb more; phosphoric acid itself is [[hygroscopic]]. Given time, the droplets will continue to absorb more water, growing larger and more dilute, until they reach equilibrium with the local water [[vapour pressure]]. In practice the droplets quickly reach a range of sizes very suitable for scattering visible light, and then start to dissipate due to wind or convection. The dilute phosphoric acid in the cloud may be mildly irritating to the eyes but with normal field concentrations and exposure it is not harmful; extended exposure can lead to damage of [[lung]]s and [[throat]]. The smoke may also contain traces of unburnt phosphorus. A [[respirator]] usually provices adequate protection. In 1999 Willa while performing under the stage name '''Mandah''', she was signed to [[MCA]]. While with MCA she released a song on the double-platinum soundtrack ‘''Pokémon The First Movie’'' called ‘''Lullaby''’. She also landed a spot as an opening act for the [[Backstreet Boys]]. Which managed to attract a lot of attention, for her performances as well as her relationship with one of its members. Soon Willa’s label changed her stage name from Mandah, to avoid confusion with another female singer, to Willa Ford and tried to promote a beautiful singer with a good-girl image. After some negative publicity that tainted their clean-cut image for Willa, MCA decided to drop her, letting her move on to a label that would embrace her bad-girl image. ~~[[Image:USSAlabama WP bomb.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|[[USS Alabama (BB-8)\|USS Alabama]] hit by a white phosphorus bomb in bombing tests by General [[Billy Mitchell]], September [[1921]].]]~~ Because of the great weight efficiency of WP smoke, it is particularly suited for applications where weight is highly restricted, such as [[hand grenade#Smoke grenades\|hand grenade]]s and [[mortar (artillery)\|mortar]] bombs. An additional advantage for hand smoke grenades—which are more likely to be used in an emergency—is that the WP smoke cloud forms very quickly, in fact in a fraction of a second. Because WP is also [[pyrophoric]], most munitions of this type have a simple burster charge to split open the casing and spray fragments of WP through the air, where they ignite spontaneously and leave a trail of rapidly thickening smoke behind each particle. The appearance of this cloud forming is easily recognised; one sees a shower of burning particles spraying outward, followed closely by distinctive streamers of white smoke, which rapidly coalesce into a fluffy, very pure white cloud (unless illuminated by a coloured light source). It wasn’t long before [[Lava/Atlantic]] would give Willa a deal and put her in to studio with a diverse variety of writers and producers. Although she had many talented writers working with her, Willa was determined to write most of the lyrics herself, which was unlike other teen singers at the time. She would use her life for material or make up a character that she would want to be. Various disadvantages of WP are discussed below, but one which is particular to smoke-screening is "pillaring". Because the WP smoke is formed from fairly hot combustion, the gasses in the cloud are hot, and tend to rise. Consequently the smoke screen tends to relatively quickly rise off the ground and form aerial "pillars" of smoke which are of little use for screening. Tactically this may be counteracted by using WP to get a screen quickly, but then following up with emission type screening agents for a more persistent screen. Some countries have begun using red phosphorus instead. Red phosphorus ("RP") burns cooler than WP and eliminates a few other disadvantages as well, but offers exactly the same weight efficiency. Other approaches include WP soaked felt pads (which also burn slower, and pose a reduced risk of incendiarism) and PWP, or plasticised white phosphorus. On July 17, 2001 Willa released her debut album ‘''Willa Was Here''’. The album contained the single (with a hyper link to the sexy video), ‘''I Wanna Be Bad''’. The album used smooth pop/R&B grooves, hot dance beats and vocoders. Although Willa has the beauty and talent mixed in with a hit single, her album only reached #56 on the [[Billboard Charts]]. ~~== Incendiary ==~~ It is commonly believed that white phosphorus ignites spontaneously on contact with air at [[room temperature]]. This is not quite true; the [[autoignition temperature]] is actually about 30°C in humid air, and slightly higher in dry air. However at slightly lower temperatures WP will slowly surface oxidise, effectively smouldering, and will often warm up to the point where it will ignite. At any rate, the slightest degree of friction will easily ignite it, and it is practically guaranteed to be ignited by a burster charge, so for all intents and purposes it is [[pyrophoric]]. While promoting her album, Willa did a Mall tour for ''Nautica Kids'', served as the spokesperson for ''Pantene Pro-V’s ‘Pro-Voice’'' campaign, and appeared on the in-concert cable special, ''Teensation''. Also [[MTV]] got Willa to host their reality series ‘''I Bet You Will''’. MTV was impressed by Willa’s hosting they got her to also host their Spring Break series, which included ‘''The Morning After''’. Willa’s song ‘''I Wanna Be Bad''’ became the theme song for ''Six-Flags'' theme parks and was also use by ''7-UP'' for one of their campaigns. Willa also became a model for ''Bongo'' Ads. In 2002 Willa co-wrote and sang a duet with [[Koreans\|Korean]] Pop star [[Park Ji Yoon]] intitled ‘''Nastified''’, which was on Park's 5th album ''Man''. Because of this, WP has long had a secondary role as an incendiary, either directly or more usually as a "first fire" material. Contrary to another popular myth, it does not burn particularly fiercely, especially in comparison to other incendiaries like [[thermite]]. As an incendiary, it is most effective against highly flammable targets like very dry vegetation or [[petrol]], [[oil]]s and [[lubricant]]s. However a WP fire does have the special difficulty that if extinguished with water, even to the point of being quite cold, it may reignite later when it dries out and exposes the WP to the air again. In 2003 Willa came back with a hot dance song that forever immortalized a sorority chant, ‘''A Toast To Men''’, which featured a special guest rapper [[Lady May]]. The single was from her unreleased sophomore album ‘''Sexysexobsessive''’. The single did well, but cause of some legalities at her label her album wasn’t released. This also caused Willa to leave the label and go in search for a new one. ~~=== First aid and Toxicity ===~~ Burns to persons struck by particles of burning WP are usually much less extensive than [[napalm]] or metal incendiary burns, but are complicated by the toxicity of phosphorus, the release of phosphoric acid into the wounds, and the possibility of small particles continuing to smoulder for some time if undetected. While fans wait for a her sophomore release, Willa has made some appearances. In 2005 Willa was chosen from many candidates to host the fighting competition reality show ‘''The Ultimate Fighter''’. After the show’s finale Willa got a shot at being the summers guest doll, for the Vegas ''Pussy Cat Dolls'' show. As well as being one of the celebrity quarterbacks in the upcoming ''2006 Lingerie Bowl III''. Which will air during the ''Super Bowl'' halftime. The most immediate concern is to exclude air from wounds so as to extinguish any remaining burning particles—while the first aider takes care not to touch the WP particles. Usually, this is mostly practicably achieved by cutting off contaminated clothing and dumping it in a fire resistant contaminated waste bin, and applying soaked compresses to the wounds. Ideally the compresses should be soaked in a mild [[sodium bicarbonate]] solution to [[neutralisation\|neutralise]] phosphoric acid. If the patient is to be transported, sufficient water must be provided to keep the bandages wet at all times. ==Discography== As soon as practicable, remaining particles must be removed from the wounds. This is done by underwater debridement of burnt areas with tweezers or a blunt metal spatula. If available, irrigation with a fresh 1% solution of [[Copper (II) sulfate\|copper sulphate]] is advantageous as it reacts with any remaining phosphorus particles, coating them with a layer of [[copper phosphide]]. (This very dark material is easier to see, and also fluoresces under [[ultraviolet]] light, if available. Furthermore it provides a relatively inert coating.) Care must be taken to only irrigate briefly, however, and thoroughly rinse away the solution afterward, or there is a risk of copper poisoning through the wounds. If copper sulphate is not available, inspection of the wounds in a darkened room may reveal any missed pieces through phosphorescence. ===Albums=== ~~Subsequently treat as for a burn, but seek expert medical advice to treat phosphorus poisoning. Avoid oily ointments until it is certain all phosphorus has been removed.~~ 2001: Willa Was Here ~~Afterward, ensure all particles of WP and contaminated clothing are decontaminated by incineration.~~ ===Singles=== ~~Chronic exposure to phosphorus over several months to years may lead to condition known as [[phossy-jaw]].~~ 2001: I Wanna Be Bad (feat. Royce Da 5'9) ~~== Weapons ==~~ 2001: Did Ya Understand That 2001: Santa Baby (Gimme, Gimme, Gimme) 2003: A Toast To Men (feat. Lady May) ===Soundtracks/Others=== Use of white phosphorus is not specifically banned by any treaty, however protocol III of the 1980 Geneva convention prohibits the use of incendiary weapons against civilian populations or by air attack against military forces that are located within concentrations of civilians. The United States is among the nations that have not signed this protocol. [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/int/convention_conventional-wpns_prot-iii.htm] 1999: Pokémon: The First Movie [Soundtrack] ~~== Disadvantages ==~~ 2001: Pantene Pro Voice Vol 1 2001: Spyder Games [Soundtrack] 2001: Totally Hits 2001 2001: MTV: TRL Christams 2002: Park Ji Yoon - Man 2002: MTV-The Best Of Trl Pop 2002: Undercover Brother [Soundtrack] 2003: What A Girl Wants [Soundtrack] 2003: Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star [Soundtrack] 2004: Gay.com: Winter 2004 Hits ==Filmography== ~~See the pillaring above.~~ ===Music ~~History~~ Videos=== WP is believed to have been used by [[Fenian]] [[arson]]ists in the [[19th century]] in the form of a solution of WP in [[carbon disulfide]]. When the carbon disulfide evaporated, the WP would burst into flames, and probably also ignite the highly flammable carbon disulfide fumes. This mixture was known as "Fenian fire" and allegedly was also used by [[Industrial Workers of the World\|Wobbly]] extremists in the early [[20th century]]. 2001 I Wanna Be Bad Britain introduced her first factory built WP grenades in late [[1916]]. However the phosphorus firm of [[Albright and Wilson]] suggested that the British government use a material similar to Fenian fire in several expedient incendiary weapons during the darkest hours of [[World War II]]. The only one actually fielded was the ''[[No 76 Special Incendiary Grenade\|Grenade, No. 76]]'' or ''Special Incendiary Phosphorus grenade'', which consisted of a glass bottle filled with a mixture similar to Fenian fire, plus some [[latex]] (''c.f.'' [[Molotov cocktail]], [[Greek Fire]]). It came in two versions, one with a red cap intended to be thrown by hand, and a slightly stronger bottle with a green cap, intended to be launched from the [[Northover projector]] (a crude 2.5 [[inch]] [[blackpowder]] [[grenade launcher]]). Instructions on each crate of SIP grenades included the observations, ''inter alia'': 2001 Did Ya Understand That ~~:Store bombs (preferably in cases) in cool places, under water if possible.~~ 2001 Santa Baby (Gimme, Gimme, Gimme) ~~and~~ 2002 Uncle Kracker's: In A Little While -"Girlfriend" ~~:Stringent precautions must be taken to avoid cracking bombs during handling.~~ 2003 A Toast To Men ~~It was generally regarded as insanely dangerous to its own operators.~~ == ~~References~~ =TV=== [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/wp.htm White Phosphorus at GlobalSecurity.org] * [http://www.emedicine.com/plastic/topic492.htm Phosphorus burns at eMedicine.com] * [http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/phs103.html ATSDR public health statement: WP] * [http://www.rainews24.rai.it/ran24/inchiesta/default_02112005.asp] Italian Documentary in English, Italian and Arabic on the alleged use of Chemical weapons including White Phosphorus in Fallujah * [http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=05/11/08/1516227] Democracy Now! ~~coverage of the usage of white phosphorus in the Fallujah campaign~~ 2001 Pantene Pro-Voice Featuring Jewel - Herself 2001 The Mind of the Married Man - Herself 2002 Six Flags Commercial - Herself 2002 Rasing Dad - Edie "Bully" 2002 I Bet You Will - Herself 2002 The Miss Teen USA Pageant - Co-host 2003 Morning After - Herself 2004 VH1's 100 Most Outrageous Celebrity Moments - Herself "commentator" 2004 VH1's My Coolest Years: Bad Girls - Herself "featured" 2005 VH1's 100 Greatest Kids Stars - Herself "commentator" 2005 WB Morning Show - Herself "featured" 2005 The Ultimate Fighter - Host 2005 My Fair Brady: Episode 3 - Herself "model" 2005 The Fabulous Life Of: Las Vegas - Herself "featured" 2005 ESPN Hollywood: Lingerie Bowl - Herself "featured" 2005 Last Call With Carson Daly: Lingerie Bowl Event - Herself "featured" ==References== ~~[[Category:Incendiary weapons]]~~ ===Biography=== ~~[[sl:Beli fosfor]]~~ http://www.mtv.com/bands/az/ford_willa/bio.jhtml http://www.spiketv.com/shows/series/ultimatefighter/ http://www.lingeriebowl.com/ http://www.scopemag.com/2005/06/30/pussycats.html ===Albums=== http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-form/103-3054812-9291015 ===Singles=== http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-form/103-3054812-9291015 ===Soundtracks/Others=== http://us.yesasia.com/gb/PrdDept.aspx/pid-1001822521/aid-561/section-music/code-k/version-all ===Music Videos=== http://www.mtv.com/bands/az/ford_willa/audvid.jhtml http://www.mtv.com/bands/az/uncle_kracker/audvid.jhtml ===TV=== http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/ford_willa/artist.jhtml http://www.spiketv.com/shows/series/ultimatefighter/ http://www.lingeriebowl.com/ [[Category:1981 births\|Ford, Willa]] [[Category:Solo artist\|Ford, Willa]] [[Category:Pop music\|Ford, Willa]] [[Category:Pop singers\|Ford, Willa]] [[Category:Female singers\|Ford, Willa]] [[Category:American pop singers\|Ford, Willa]] [[Category:American songwriters\|Ford, Willa]] [[Category:People from Florida\|Ford, Willa]] [[de:Willa Ford]] [[no:Willa Ford]] [[sv:Willa Ford]]

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