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{{Infobox President | name=Theodore Roosevelt
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 align=right cellpadding=2
| nationality=american
|- align=center bgcolor=pink
| image name=President Theodore Roosevelt, 1904.jpg
!Australian Cattle Dog
| order=26th President
|-align="center"
| date1=[[September 14]], [[1901]]
|[[Image:AustrCattleDogBlue_wb.jpg|thumbnail|250px|none|Blue coat color; this dog's tail is docked.]]
| date2=[[March 4]], [[1909]]
|- align=center bgcolor=pink
| preceded=[[William McKinley]]
!Alternative names
| succeeded=[[William Howard Taft]]
| date of birth=[[October 27]], [[1858]]
| place of birth=[[New York City]]
| dead=dead
| date of death=[[January 6]], [[1919]]
| place of death=[[Oyster Bay]], [[New York]]
| wife=[[Edith Roosevelt]]
| party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]
| vicepresident=[[Charles Warren Fairbanks]]
|}}
'''Theodore Roosevelt''' ([[October 27]], [[1858]] – [[January 6]], [[1919]]) was the twenty-fifth ([[1901]]) [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] and the twenty-sixth ([[1901]]-[[1909|09]]) [[President of the United States|President]] of the [[United States]], succeeding to the office upon the assassination of [[William McKinley]]. At 42, Roosevelt was the youngest person ever to serve as President of the United States.
Roosevelt's energy, vibe, skill and sheer joy in the Presidency were remarkable. During his life he was an author, legislator, soldier, [[game (food)|big-game hunter]], [[diplomacy|diplomat]], [[conservation ethic|conservationist]], naval-power enthusiast, peace broker and [[Progressive Era|progressive reformer]]. For his many achievements and the larger-than-life role he played in the [[White House]], Roosevelt is usually thought of as one of the [[Great American Presidents|greatest U.S. Presidents]].
Theodore Roosevelt was a fifth cousin of the later President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]. They are the only cousins to serve as President of the United States.
==Childhood and education==
Roosevelt was born at [[Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site|28 East 20th Street]] in the modern-day [[Gramercy]] section of [[New York City]] on [[October 27]], [[1858]], as the second of four children of Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. ([[1831]]–[[1878|78]]) and Martha Bulloch ([[1834]]–[[1884|84]]). His father was a New York City [[philanthropist]], merchant, and partner in the [[glass]]-importing firm [[Roosevelt and Son]]. Martha Bulloch was a homemaker and former Southern belle who was raised in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and had [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] sympathies.
Sickly and [[asthma]]tic as a youngster, Roosevelt had to sleep propped up in bed or slouching in a chair during much of his early childhood and had frequent incidences of [[diarrhea]], [[common cold|colds]], and other ailments. It is believed he attended [[Friends Seminary]], a private [[Quaker]] school on [[16th Street, New York City|16th Street]], for a short period of time, in spite of his physical condition. He was a hyperactive and oftentimes mischievous young man. His lifelong interest in [[zoology]] was first formed at age seven upon seeing a dead [[Pinniped|seal]] at a local market. After obtaining the seal's head the young Roosevelt and two of his cousins formed what they called the "Roosevelt Museum of Natural History." Roosevelt filled his makeshift [[museum]] with many [[animal]]s that he caught, studied, and prepared for display. At age nine he codified his observation work on [[insect]]s with a paper titled "The Natural History of Insects."
To combat his poor physical condition, his father compelled young Roosevelt to take up exercise at Wood's Gym and with equipment at his home. A couple of his peers beat him during this time and as a result Roosevelt started [[boxing]] lessons. Two trips abroad also had a great effect on this part of his life;
*From [[1869]] to [[1870]] his family toured [[Europe]] and spent [[Christmas]] in [[Rome]] where Roosevelt kissed the hand of [[Pope Pius IX]].
*From [[1872]] to [[1873]] the Roosevelt family traveled in [[Egypt]], the [[Holy Land]], and spent several months in [[Dresden]], [[Germany]]. "Teedie<!--Please do not change this to "Teddie" or "Teddy". TR's childhood nickname was "Teedie", with two e's-->" (his childhood nickname) also climbed to the top of the [[pyramid]]s.
Soon he became a sporting and outdoor enthusiast, something that would stick with him until his last years.
[[Image:T Roosevelt.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Photograph of Roosevelt]]
Except for a few months at Professor McMullen's school, young Teedie<!--Please do not change this to "Teddie" or "Teddy". TR's childhood nickname was "Teedie", with two e's--> was too sickly to attend school and thus was taught by a string of tutors. The first was Annie Bulloch, his maternal aunt. She was followed by others, including a teacher of [[taxidermy]] who helped nourish his propensity toward natural history. Fraulein Anna, a tutor of [[German language|German]] and [[French language|French]] while the family was in Dresden, remarked: "He will surely one day be a great professor, or who knows, he may become president of the United States."
After his family returned to their home in New York, Roosevelt started intensive tutoring under [[Arthur Hamilton Cutler]] in preparation for the [[Harvard University]] entrance exam. He passed the exam in [[1875]] and entered as a freshman the next year. Also in [[1876]] he participated in a torchlight demonstration for [[Rutherford B. Hayes]]' presidential bid. Roosevelt did well in [[science]], [[philosophy]], and [[rhetoric]] but did not do well in [[classical languages]]. Professor [[J. Laurence Laughlin]] and Roosevelt's girlfriend (and future wife) [[Alice Hathaway Lee]] convinced him to turn his career intentions away from natural history and toward [[politics]].
While at Harvard his student memberships included;
*editor of the student newspaper, the ''Advocate'',
*vice president of the Natural History Club,
*member of the [[Porcellian Club]]
*secretary of the [[Hasty Pudding Club]],
*founder of the Finance Club,
*member of the Nuttall Ornithological Club.
He also found time for boxing and was runner-up for the Harvard boxing championship, losing to [[C.S. Hanks]]. The sportsmanship Roosevelt showed in that fight was long remembered.
He graduated [[Phi Beta Kappa]] and ''magna cum laude'' (21st of 177) from Harvard University in [[1880]] and entered [[Columbia Law School]] that same year. Finding law school tedious, however, Roosevelt found other diversions, including the completion of his first published book, ''The Naval [[War of 1812]]'' ([[1882]]). Unable to stomach a career as a corporate lawyer, and presented with an opportunity to run for a New York State [[Assembly]]man position in [[1881]], he dropped out of school to pursue his new goal of entering public life.
==Life in the Badlands==
Roosevelt was an activist in his years in the Assembly, writing more bills than any other New York state legislator. He often worked for the poor and the disadvantaged. In [[1884]], he attended the Republican National Convention and fought as a progressive, but lost to the conservative faction that nominated [[James G. Blaine]]. Reluctantly, he backed Blaine over New York's governor and Democratic Presidential candidate [[Grover Cleveland]], whom he counted as a friend.
His wife and mother died on the same day earlier that year, and in the same house. This was two days after his wife gave birth to their only daughter, [[Alice Roosevelt Longworth|Alice]]. Roosevelt was distraught and would write in his diary, "the light has gone out of my life forever." Later that year, he left the General Assembly and moved to the [[Badlands]] of the Dakotas for the life of a rancher and lawman.
Living near the boomtown of [[Medora, North Dakota]], Roosevelt learned to ride and rope, and he occasionally got into trouble, having fistfights and spending his time with the rough and tumble world of the final days of the Wild West. On one occasion, he hunted down notorious outlaws on the [[Little Missouri River]], heading into the uninhabited forests of the Badlands. At another time, he had a row with the legendary French [[duelist (occupation)|duelist]], the [[Marquis de Mores]], who challenged him to a duel. Roosevelt, because he was challenged, claimed the right to pick the weapon, selected the [[shotgun]], stating that it was the weapon he was most comfortable with. The duel was later called off and they reconciled.
After a blizzard wiped out Roosevelt's herd of cattle, he returned to the east and ran for mayor of New York City in [[1886]], coming in a distant third. Following the election, he went to [[London]] and married his childhood sweetheart [[Edith Roosevelt|Edith Kermit Carow]]. They honeymooned in Europe, and Roosevelt took the time to climb [[Mount Blanc]], leading only the third expedition to successfully reach the top (the first was in [[1865]]).
==Return to public life==
In the [[U.S. presidential election, 1888|1888 presidential election]] he campaigned for [[Benjamin Harrison]] in the Midwest. After winning the election, President Harrison appointed Roosevelt to the [[United States Civil Service Commission]], a post he served in until [[1895]]. In his term he vigorously sought enforcement of civil service laws, and the number of jobs that fell under that classification more than doubled during his tenure. This made few friends for Roosevelt among party professionals. In spite of his support for Harrison's reelection bid (see [[U.S. presidential election, 1892]]), [[Grover Cleveland]] (a [[United States Democrat Party|Democrat]]) reappointed him to the same post.
In [[1895]] Roosevelt became president of the [[New York]] Board of [[Police Commissioner|Police Commissioners]]. In the two years that he held this post, Roosevelt radically changed the way a police department was run. Roosevelt required his officers to be registered with the Board and to pass a physical fitness test. He also saw that [[telephone]]s were installed in station houses. Always an energetic man, Roosevelt made a habit of walking officers' beats late at night and early in the morning just to make sure that they were on duty. It should also be noted that Roosevelt also opened up job opportunities in the department to [[women]] and [[Jews]] for the first time.
[[Image:Theodore Roosevelt in military uniform, 1898.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Col. Roosevelt in rough rider uniform in [[1898]].]]
In [[1897]] President [[William McKinley]] appointed him [[Assistant Secretary of the Navy]]. He loved the job and was instrumental in preparing the Navy for the coming conflict with [[Spain]]. In [[1898]] Roosevelt resigned from the [[Navy]] Department and, with the aid of [[U.S. Army]] [[Colonel]] [[Leonard Wood]], organized the [[Rough Riders|First U.S. National Cavalry]] out of a motley crew ranging from cowboys, [[Native Americans|Indians]] and [[outlaw]]s from the Western territories to [[Ivy League]] chums from New York. The newspapers, being the primary medium at the time, billed the 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry as the "Rough Riders". Originally Roosevelt held the rank of [[lieutenant colonel]] and served under Col. Wood, but after Wood was promoted to [[Brigadier General]] of Volunteer Forces, Roosevelt was promoted to full colonel and put in control of the Rough Riders. Under his direct command, the Rough Riders became famous for their dual charges up [[Kettle Hill]] and [[Battle of San Juan Hill|San Juan Hill]] in July [[1898]], the battle being named after the latter hill.
Upon his return from [[Cuba]], Roosevelt reentered [[New York State]] politics and, using his military record to great advantage, was elected [[governor]] of New York. He made such a concerted effort to root out corruption and "[[machine politics]]" that, it is said, Republican leaders in New York advanced him as a running mate for William McKinley in the [[1900]] election simply to get rid of him (at the time becoming [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] generally marked the end of a political career).
==Presidency==
McKinley and Roosevelt won the presidential election of [[1900]] against [[William Jennings Bryan]] and [[Adlai E. Stevenson|Adlai E. Stevenson Sr.]] Roosevelt was one of the youngest U.S. vice presidents in history (only [[John C. Breckinridge]] was younger). Roosevelt found the vice presidency unfulfilling and thought he had little future in politics, and considered going to law school after leaving office. On September 2, 1901, he first uttered a sentence that would become strongly associated with his presidency, urging Americans to "speak softly and carry a big stick," during a speech at the [[Minnesota State Fair]], unknowing that twelve days later, he would be catapulted forever into the public consciousness.
Then, McKinley was assassinated in September [[1901]], vaulting Roosevelt into the presidency. Roosevelt took the oath of office on [[September 14]] in the [[Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site|Ansley Wilcox House]] in [[Buffalo, New York]]. One of his first notable acts as President was to deliver a 20,000-word address to the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] on [[December 3]], [[1901]] [http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/sotu1.html], asking Congress to curb the power of [[trust]]s "within reasonable limits." For this and subsequent actions he has been called a "trust-buster."
Roosevelt relished the Presidency and seemed to be everywhere at once. He took Cabinet members and friends on long, fast-paced hikes, boxed in the state rooms of the White House, romped with his children, and read voraciously. He was permanently blinded in one eye during one of his boxing bouts. His many enthusiasms and seemingly limitless energy led the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] ambassador to wryly explain to an acquaintance, "You must always remember that the President is about six."
Roosevelt's children were almost as popular as he was, and their pranks and hijinks in the [[White House]] made headlines. His daughter [[Alice Roosevelt Longworth|Alice Lee Roosevelt]] became the toast of [[Washington, D.C.]] When friends asked if he could rein in his only daughter, Roosevelt said, "I can be President of the United States, or I can control Alice. I cannot possibly do both." In turn, Alice said of him that he always wanted to be "the bride at every wedding and the corpse at every funeral."
In [[1904]] Roosevelt ran for President in his own right and won in a landslide victory. In 1905, Roosevelt became the first president to set foot on Japanese and Russian land to improve relations with both governments and establish peace between the two countries, as a result Roosevelt won a [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in [[1906]] for his work to of the [[Russian-Japanese War]]. He was the first American to win a Nobel Prize in any of the categories. His prize is now on display in the [[White House]].
===[[Square Deal]]===
Determined to create what he called a "Square Deal" between business and labor, Roosevelt pushed several radical pieces of legislation through [[United States Congress|Congress]]. He is responsible for reforms in business, the environment, and to a certain extent he advocated improved [[race relations]], going so far as to receive the [[black]] scientist [[Booker T. Washington]] in [[1901]] at the White House for a formal dinner to discuss politics and [[racism]]. News of this dinner reached the press two days later. The public outcry following the dinner was so strong (especially from the Southern states) that Roosevelt never repeated the experiment.
[[image:Troosevelt.gif|framed|TR's official White House portrait]]
===Business===
Although the [[trust-busting]] era was actually launched by his predecessor, McKinley, when he appointed the U.S. Industrial Commerce Commission in 1898, it is Roosevelt who bears the nickname "Trust Buster". Once President, Roosevelt worked to increase the regulatory power of the federal government. He persuaded Congress to pass laws that strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission, which later investigated [[John D. Rockefeller|Rockefeller]], [[Andrew Carnegie|Carnegie]], [[Charles M. Schwab|Schwab]], and other trust and corporate titans of industry. Under his leadership, the federal government brought forty-four suits against corporate monopolies, most notably [[J.P. Morgan]]'s [[Northern Securities Company]], a huge [[railroad]] combination. Roosevelt also established a new federal [[Department of Labor and Commerce]].
He encouraged the [[Newlands Reclamation Act]] of [[1902]] to promote federal construction of [[dam]]s to irrigate small farms and placed 230 million acres (930,000 km²) under federal protection. Additionally, Roosevelt was instrumental in the passage of the [[Pure Food and Drug Act]] of [[1906]] as well as the [[Meat Inspection Act]] of 1906.
===Conservationism===
He also worked hard on conserving environmental wonders and resources, and is considered by many to be the nation's first [[conservation]] President. Roosevelt set aside more Federal land for [[national park]]s and [[nature preserve]]s than all of his predecessors combined. As one story has it, he once asked his advisers, "Is there any law which prohibits me from declaring this island a bird refuge?" When they indicated there was not, Roosevelt signed the paper with a flourish and said, "Very well, then, I so declare it!"
During his presidency, Roosevelt established the [[United States Forest Service]], signed into law the creation of five [[National parks (United States)|National Parks]], and signed the [[1906]] [[Antiquities Act]] under which he proclaimed 18 national monuments. He also established the first 51 [[Bird Reserve|Bird Reserves]], four [[Game Preserve|Game Preserves]], and 150 [[National Forest|National Forests]]. The area of the United States placed under public protection by President Roosevelt totals approximately 230,000,000 acres (930,000 km²).
Today, Roosevelt's dedication to conservation is remembered by a national park that bears his name in the [[North Dakota]] [[Badlands]]. [[Theodore Roosevelt National Park]] is home to a variety of plants and animals, including [[bison]], [[prairie dog]]s, and [[elk]].
===Race===
Although Roosevelt did some work improving race relations, he, like most leaders of the [[Progressive Era]], lacked initiative on most racial issues. [[Booker T. Washington]], the most important black leader of the day, was the first free man of color to be invited to dinner at the White House, an act that spoke defiance of many critics in the [[Southern United States|South]]. Roosevelt spoke against [[racism]] and [[discrimination]], and appointed many blacks to lower-level Federal offices. He wrote fondly of the "[[Buffalo Soldiers]]," led by "Black Jack" [[Black Jack Pershing|Pershing]], who had fought beside his [[Rough Riders]] at the [[Battle of San Juan Hill]] in [[Cuba]] in [[July]] [[1898]]. Roosevelt opposed school [[segregation]], having ended the practice as Governor of New York. Roosevelt also did not subscribe to [[anti-Semitism]], and he appointed the first Jew to the [[Presidential Cabinet]], [[Oscar S. Straus]].
However, Roosevelt was a believer in "racial inheritance"—that a race of people are biologically inclined to behave and interact socially in certain ways and functions. After criticism involving his invitation of Mr. Washington to dine at the White House, Roosevelt seemed to wilt publicly on the cause of racial equality. In [[1906]], he approved the dishonorable discharges of three companies of black soldiers involved in a riot in [[Brownsville, Texas]], known as the [[Brownsville Raid]].
=== Naval buildup ===
Roosevelt was a naval enthusiast who urged the United States to build a strong navy. He believed in an imperial mission for the United States and that the U.S could eventually be pulled into war in the [[Pacific Ocean]] with the [[Japanese people]]. Roosevelt ordered what came to be called the [[Great White Fleet]] (due to its gleaming white paint) on an around-the-world goodwill cruise, including a prominent stop in Japan. Roosevelt hoped to ease Japanese-American tensions and to show the Japanese leadership, as well as the rest of the world, the global reach of the United States' military might. The Great White Fleet returned to the U.S. in [[1909]], and Roosevelt had the pleasure of reviewing the Fleet just before leaving office.
Several [[United States Navy]] warships have been named after Roosevelt over the years, most recently a [[Nimitz class]] [[supercarrier]].
===Panama Canal===
[[Image:Panama Canal under construction, 1907.jpg|250px|thumb|right|The famous [[Culebra Cut]] of the [[Panama Canal]], [[1907]].]]
In [[1903]], Roosevelt encouraged the local political class in [[Panama]] to form a nation independent from [[Colombia]], after that nation refused the American terms for the building of a [[canal]] across the [[isthmus]]. The new nation of Panama sold a [[Panama Canal Zone|canal zone]] to the United States for 10 million [[U.S. dollar]]s and a steadily increasing yearly sum. Roosevelt felt that a passage through the [[Isthmus of Panama]] was vital to protect American interests and to create a strong and cohesive [[United States Navy]]. The resulting [[Panama Canal]] was completed in [[1914]] and revolutionized world travel and commerce.
=== Cabinet ===
{| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" align="left"
!bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"|
|-
|
|align="left"|'''OFFICE'''||align="left"|'''NAME'''||align="left"|'''TERM'''
{| align=center
|-
|Australian Heeler
!bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"|
|-
|Blue Heeler
|align="left"|[[President of the United States|President]]||align="left" |'''[[Theodore Roosevelt]]'''||align="left"|[[1901]]–[[1909]]
|-
|Red Heeler
|align="left"|[[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]]||align="left"|'''[[Charles Fairbanks]]'''||align="left"|[[1905]]–[[1909]]
|-
|Hall's Heeler
!bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"|
|-
|Queensland Heeler
|align="left"|[[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]]||align="left"|'''[[John Hay]]'''||align="left"|[[1901]]–[[1905]]
|}
|- align=center bgcolor=pink
!Country of origin
|- align=center
|[[Australia]]
|- align=center bgcolor=pink
!Common nicknames
|- align=center
|Bluey, ACD, Cattledog
|- align=center bgcolor=pink
!Classification and breed standards
|-
|
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[Elihu Root]]'''||align="left"|[[1905]]–[[1909]]
{| align=center
|[[Fédération Cynologique Internationale|FCI]]: ||Group 1 Section 2 #287
|-
|[[American Kennel Club|AKC]]: ||Herding
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[Robert Bacon]]'''||align="left"|[[1909]]
|[http://www.akc.org/breeds/australian_cattle_dog/index.cfm Std]
|-
|[[Australian National Kennel Council|ANKC]]: ||Group 5 (Working Dogs)
|align="left"|[[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Secretary of the Treasury]]||align="left"|'''[[Lyman J. Gage]]'''||align="left"|[[1901]]–[[1902]]
|[http://www.ankc.aust.com/austcat.html Std]
|-
|[[Canadian Kennel Club|CKC]]: ||Group 7 - Herding Dogs
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[Leslie M. Shaw]]'''||align="left"|[[1902]]–[[1907]]
|[http://www.nwstar.com/~acdcc/standard.htm Std]
|-
|[[Kennel Club (UK)|KC(UK)]]: ||Pastoral
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[George B. Cortelyou]]'''||align="left"|[[1907]]–[[1909]]
|[http://www.the-kennel-club.org.uk/discoverdogs/pastoral/p835.htm Std]
|-
|[[New Zealand Kennel Club|NZKC]]: ||Working
|align="left"|[[United States Secretary of War|Secretary of War]]||align="left"|'''[[Elihu Root]]'''||align="left"|[[1901]]–[[1904]]
|[http://www.nzkc.org.nz/br504.html Std]
|-
|[[United Kennel Club|UKC]]: || Herding Dog Breeds
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[William Howard Taft]]'''||align="left"|[[1904]]–[[1908]]
|[http://www.ukcdogs.com/breeds/herdingdogs/australiancattledog.std.shtml Std]
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[Luke E. Wright]]'''||align="left"|[[1908]]–[[1909]]
|-
|align="left"|[[Attorney General of the United States|Attorney General]]||align="left"|'''[[Philander C. Knox]]'''||align="left"|[[1901]]–[[1904]]
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[William H. Moody]]'''||align="left"|[[1904]]–[[1906]]
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[Charles J. Bonaparte]]'''||align="left"|[[1906]]–[[1909]]
|-
|align="left"|[[Postmaster General of the United States|Postmaster General]]||align="left"|'''[[Charles E. Smith]]'''||align="left"|[[1901]]–[[1902]]
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[Henry C. Payne]]'''||align="left"|[[1902]]–[[1904]]
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[Robert J. Wynne]]'''||align="left"|[[1904]]–[[1905]]
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[George B. Cortelyou]]'''||align="left"|[[1905]]–[[1907]]
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[George von L. Meyer]]'''||align="left"|[[1907]]–[[1909]]
|-
|align="left"|[[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]]||align="left"|'''[[John D. Long]]'''||align="left"|[[1901]]–[[1902]]
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[William H. Moody]]'''||align="left"|[[1902]]–[[1904]]
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[Paul Morton]]'''||align="left"|[[1902]]–[[1906]]
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[Charles J. Bonaparte]]'''||align="left"|[[1906]]–[[1908]]
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[Victor H. Metcalf]]'''||align="left"|[[1906]]–[[1908]]
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[Truman H. Newberry]]'''||align="left"|[[1908]]–[[1909]]
|-
|align="left"|[[United States Secretary of the Interior|Secretary of the Interior]]||align="left"|'''[[Ethan A. Hitchcock]]'''||align="left"|[[1901]]–[[1907]]
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[James Rudolph Garfield]]'''||align="left"|[[1907]]–[[1909]]
|-
|align="left"|[[United States Secretary of Agriculture|Secretary of Agriculture]]||align="left"|'''[[James Wilson (US politician)|James Wilson]]'''||align="left"|[[1901]]–[[1909]]
|-
|align="left"|[[United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor|Secretary of Commerce and Labor]]||align="left"|'''[[George B. Cortelyou]]'''||align="left"|[[1903]]–[[1904]]
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[Victor H. Metcalf]]'''||align="left"|[[1904]]–[[1906]]
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|'''[[Oscar Straus (politician)|Oscar S. Straus]]'''||align="left"|[[1906]]–[[1909]]
|}
|}<!-- end of breed table -->
<br clear="all">
The '''Australian Cattle Dog''' (ACD), also known as the '''Queensland Heeler''', '''Blue Heeler''', and '''Red Heeler''', is a [[herding dog]] developed in Australia for controlling [[cattle]]. It is a medium-sized dog with a lot of energy and an independent streak.
==Appearance==
=== Supreme Court Appointments ===
[[Image:AustrCattleDogBlueFace_wb.jpg|thumbnail|left|One variant of Blue face markings]]
Roosevelt appointed the following Justices to the [[Supreme Court of the United States]]:
The Cattle Dog's coat comes in a variety of markings, sometimes quite striking. The basic coat colors are ''blue'' and ''red speckle''. For dog owners whose interest is primarily in their qualification for [[dog show]]s, even markings are preferred over uneven markings, and large solid-color marks on the body are undesireable. For owners who are more interested in their dogs' performance in activities such as [[herding]] or [[dog sports]], the breed's strong work ethic and intelligence are of more importance than the exact coat markings.
The mask is one of the most distinctive features of an ACD. This mask consists of a darker red patch over one or both eyes (for the red speckle coat color) or a black patch over one or both eyes (for the blue coat color). These are called, respectively, ''single mask'' and ''double mask''. ACDs without a mask are called ''plain-faced''. Any of these is correct according to the breed standard, and the only limitation is the owner's preference.
* [[Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.]] - [[1902]]
* [[William Rufus Day]] - [[1903]]
[[Image:AustrCattleDogRed_wb.jpg|thumbnail|left|Red speckle coat color with undocked tail]]
* [[William Henry Moody]] - [[1906]]
Many Australian Cattle Dogs have a stripe of white hair in the center of the forehead, usually 1/2 inch to 1 inch by 2 inches to 3 inches (about 2 cm by 7 cm) called the ''Bentley Mark''. This is similar in appearance to the blaze markings sometimes found on [[horse]]s. According to legend, a popular dog owned by Tom Bentley passed on this distinctive mark to all Australian Cattle Dogs.
A female Australian Cattle Dog should measure about 17 to 19 inches (43 to 48 cm) at the [[withers]]. A male Australian Cattle Dog should measure about 18 to 20 inches (46 to 51 cm) at the [[withers]]. An ACD is a well-muscled, compact dog with a short, dense coat and a naturally long tail. An ACD in good condition should weigh roughly 40 to 50 pounds (18 to 23 kg).
=== States Admitted to the Union ===
* [[Oklahoma]] – [[November 16]], [[1907]]
Some breeders [[docking|dock]] ACD's tails. This is a controversial practice and, in some countries, is illegal or is prohibited for dogs in the [[dog show|show ring]].
==Post-Presidency==
Docking Australian Cattle Dogs' tails is a practice peculiar to the United States - ACD tails are not docked in their country of origin, Australia. This is not to be confused with the Stumpy-tailed Cattle Dog, which is born with a naturally docked, or 'bobbed' tail; this animal strongly resembles the ACD in colouring, but has a slightly taller, leaner conformation.
[[Image:T r.jpg|right]]
On [[March 23]], [[1909]], shortly after the end of his second term (but only full term) as President, Roosevelt left New York for a post-presidency [[safari (hunting)|safari]] in [[Africa]]. The trip was sponsored by the [[Smithsonian Institution]] and [[National Geographic Society]] and received worldwide media attention. Despite his commitment to conservation, his party killed over 5,000 animals, including some of the last remaining [[white rhino]].
==Temperament==
Despite his immense popularity, he had decided not to run for reelection in [[1908]], a move that he would later regret for the rest of his life. Instead he backed his longtime friend, former judge and [[Secretary of War]] [[William Howard Taft]], who he thought would carry on his policies. After Taft won, however, Roosevelt became increasingly thwarted as Taft proved to be his own man with his own policy agenda, more conservative and often counter to Roosevelt's.
Like many [[herding dog]]s, Cattle Dogs have high energy levels and active minds. They need plenty of exercise and a job to do, such as participating in [[dog sports]], learning tricks, or other activities that engage their minds. Some individuals find repetitive training frustrating and dull, so owners should aim to make training sessions varied and more exciting in order to keep their Dog intrested. Cattle Dogs who do not receive the appropriate exercise and entertainment will invent their own, often destructive, activities. These Dogs are, by nature, timid or wary. They are naturally cautious, and grow more so as they age.Their aggresive nature on strangers make them perfect gaurd dogs.
Cattle Dogs drive cattle by nipping at their heels, but they have also been known to herd other animals, such as ducks or chickens without instruction when left to their own devices. When around people, their instinct to herd is sometimes hard to suppress and they can nip at people to herd them. If these dogs will be around children, they and their owners must have sufficient training to know how to manage or avoid such situations.
==Australian Cattle Dog activities==
As a result, in [[1912]], Roosevelt ran for president again. He sought the Republican nomination but was blocked by Taft's partisans at the [[Republican National Convention]] despite having greater public support, including a smashing primary win in Taft's own home state of [[Ohio]]. Roosevelt then bolted the party and ran on the [[United States Progressive Party]] ("Bull Moose") ticket, badly undermining popular support for Taft. While campaigning in [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]], he was shot by saloonkeeper [[John Schrank]] in a failed assassination attempt on [[October 14]], [[1912]]. With the bullet still lodged in his chest, Roosevelt still delivered his scheduled speech. He was not seriously wounded, although his doctors thought it too dangerous to attempt to remove the bullet, and he carried it with him until he died. In spite of this, he not only lost the race but split the Republican vote, outpolling Taft but ensuring a win by Democrat [[Woodrow Wilson]]. In the few years he had remaining, Roosevelt came to dislike Wilson even more than his former friend Taft, particularly over Wilson's foreign policy. Roosevelt considered but rejected another attempted presidential campaign in [[1916]].
[[Image:Acd_diving.jpg|thumbnail|left|ACDs need and enjoy any activity, such as diving and swimming.]]
Australian Cattle Dogs not only tolerate a high level of physical activity, they almost demand it. Like many other [[herding dog]] breeds, they have active and fertile minds that turn mischievous if not properly channeled. ACDs are highly intelligent and can be very bossy.
As an author, he continued to write with great passion on subjects ranging from American foreign policy to the importance of the national park system. One of Roosevelt's more popular books, ''[[Through the Brazilian Wilderness]]'', was about his expedition into the [[Brazil]]ian jungle. After the election of 1912, Roosevelt went on the [[Roosevelt-Rondon Scientific Expedition]] exploring the Brazilian jungle with Brazilian explorer [[Candido Rondon]]. During this expedition, he discovered the Rio of Doubt, later renamed [[Rio Roosevelt]] in honor of the President.
He was said to have admired a novel of [[Kálmán Mikszáth]], ''St. Peter’s Umbrella'', and visited the author during his European trip in [[1910]] solely to express his admiration ([http://mek.oszk.hu/02000/02042/html/32.html]).
When not active, an ACD can be kept occupied with mental puzzles such as a [http://www.kongcompany.com Kong] stuffed with treats or a [http://www.sitstay.com/store/toys/toysd.shtml Buster Cube].
Roosevelt died at [[Oyster Bay]], [[Nassau County, New York]], on [[January 6]], [[1919]], of a coronary [[embolism]] in his sleep at the age of 60, and was buried in Young's Memorial Cemetery. His son Archie sent a [[telegram]] to his siblings, stating simply, "The old lion is dead."
Among the most popular activities for Australian Cattle Dogs is [[dog agility]]. While the ACD is ideally suited for this work, since it is a [[herding dog|herding breed]] and thus very reactive to the handler's body language, some ACDs become easily frustrated at the repetition and routine necessary to hone agility skills. As for many breeds, frequent brief training sessions are more effective than infrequent long training sessions.
For this reason, many handlers find training an ACD to be challenging. It is important to always change the methods and exercises and not allow the dog or handler to get into a rut. ACDs thrive on change and new experiences.
[[Image:Acd_scent_articles.jpg|thumbnail|right|An ACD finding a scent article as part of obedience competition.]] Only a few ACDs, therefore, have excelled in [[obedience training|obedience competition]]
Roosevelt's estate from [[1885]] until his death was ''[[Sagamore Hill]]'', at Oyster Bay. It is now maintained as the Sagamore Hill National Historic Site.
For example, the [[American Kennel Club]] awards an "Obedience Trial Championship" (OTCh) to the dog-and-handler team that defeats a large number of other teams in open competition. A handful of ACDs have reached this level. While ACDs enjoy the challenge of obedience competition, such as retrieving a scented article, the majority of ACDs are easily bored with precision drilling.
===Australian Cattle Dogs in movies===
==Personal life==
* ''mad dog'' (blue) and a Dingo (red) in ''[[The Sundowners]]'' ([[1960 in film|1960]])
[[Image:Theodore Roosevelt and family, 1903.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Roosevelt with family]]
* ''Dog'' in ''[[Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior]]'' ([[1981 in film|1981]])
Though Roosevelt was [[Dutch Reformed]] by birth, there was no church of that denomination available to him as a child, and he therefore did not join it until the age of 16. As a child he attended [[Madison Square Presbyterian Church]]. While attending [[Harvard University]] he taught [[Sunday school]] at an [[Episcopal]] church ("Christ's Church") until the rector discovered Roosevelt had not been baptized Episcopalian. Later in life, when he lived at [[Oyster Bay]] in [[Long Island]], he attended an [[Episcopal]] church with his wife. While in [[Washington, D.C.]], he attended services at [[Grace Reformed Church]]. As President he firmly believed in the [[separation of church and state]] and thought it unconstitutional to have ''[[In God We Trust]]'' on [[U.S. currency]], not because of a lack of faith in God, but because he thought it sacrilegious to put the name of the Deity on something so common as money. He tried unsuccessfully to have that legend removed.
* ''Zip'' in ''[[Last of the Dogmen]]'' ([[1995 in film|1995]])
==External links==
Roosevelt had a lifelong interest in pursuing what he called "the strenuous life." To this end he [[exercise]]d regularly and took up boxing, [[tennis]], [[hiking]], [[rowing]], [[hunting]], [[polo]], and [[horseback riding]]. As Governor of New York he boxed with sparring partners several times a week, a practice he regularly continued as President until one blow detached his left [[retina]], leaving him blind in that [[eye]]. Thereafter he practiced [[jiujitsu]] as well as continued his habit of [[skinny-dipping]] in the [[Potomac River]] during winter.
*[http://www.acdca.org Australian Cattle Dog Club of America website]
*[http://www.acdcc.ca Australian Cattle Dog Club of Canada website]
At the age of 22 Roosevelt married his first wife, 19-year-old Alice Hathaway Lee. Their marriage ceremony was held on [[October 27]], [[1880]], at the Unitarian Church in [[Brookline, Massachusetts]]. Alice was the daughter of the prominent banker [[George Cabot Lee]] and Caroline Haskell Lee. The couple first met on [[October 18]], [[1878]], at the residence of her next-door neighbors, the Saltonstalls. By [[Thanksgiving]] Roosevelt had decided to marry Alice. He finally proposed in June [[1879]], though Alice waited another six months before accepting the proposal; their engagement was announced on [[Valentine's Day]] of [[1880]]. Alice Roosevelt died shortly after the birth of their first child, whom they also named [[Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth|Alice]]. In a tragic coincidence, his mother died on the same day as his wife, at the Roosevelt family home in [[Manhattan]].
*[http://www.cattledog.com CattleDog.com Centralized repository for all things ''"Cattledog"'']
*[http://www.acdagility.com ACD Agility website]
In 1886 he married Edith Carow. They had five children: [[Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.|Theodore Jr.]], [[Kermit Roosevelt|Kermit]], [[Ethel Roosevelt|Ethel]], [[Archibald Roosevelt|Archibald]], and [[Quentin Roosevelt|Quentin]].
*[http://www.australiancattledog.com Australian Cattle Dog website: Breed FAQ, Photos, Breeders]
*[http://www.cowdogz.com/ CowDogz.com]
==Legacy==
===In popular culture===
Roosevelt appears as a factual character in the fictional novel ''[[The Alienist]]'' by [[Caleb Carr]]. The novel is set in [[New York City]] in [[1896]] when Roosevelt was the city's police commissioner.
In [[Scrooge McDuck]] comics by [[Keno Don Rosa]], Roosevelt appears several times. Scrooge and Roosevelt met each other in [[1882]], and on several other occasions they meet each other coincidentally. He is credited with mentoring an [[adolescent]] Scrooge in the values of self-confidence and self-reliance.
[[Teddy bear]]s are named after him. His childhood nickname was "Teedie<!--Please do not change this to "Teddie" or "Teddy". TR's childhood nickname was "Teedie", with two e's-->," but his adult nickname was "Teddy" (which he despised and considered improper, preferring "T.R."). Toy bear manufacturers took to naming them after him following an incident on a hunting trip in [[Mississippi]] in [[1902]] in which he refused to kill a [[American black bear|black bear]] cub. Bear cubs became closely associated with Roosevelt in political cartoons thereafter.
Roosevelt is depicted fictionally in [[Gore Vidal]]'s novel ''Empire'', [[Harry Turtledove]]'s ''[[How Few Remain]]'', and the movie ''[[The Wind and the Lion]]'', written and directed by [[John Milius]].
His 1909 African safari was included in an episode of ''[[The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles]]'' and in an episode of the Disney TV animated series ''The Legend of Tarzan''.
In [[Harry Turtledove]]'s [[Timeline-191]] alternate history, Roosevelt raised an "Unauthorized Regiment" during the Second Mexican War ([[1881]]) and became a war hero. He later served as Democratic President in [[1913]]–[[1921|21]], defeating the [[Confederate States]] and crushing [[Canada]] during the Great War (1914–17). He was defeated by Socialist [[Upton Sinclair]] in his historic run for a third term; he died in [[1924]] as the most beloved president in recent U.S. history.
===Presidential firsts===
*First American to be awarded a [[Nobel Prize]] (in any category) in 1906.
*On [[November 9]], [[1906]], he made history by becoming the first sitting U.S. President to make an official trip outside of the United States, visiting Panama to inspect the construction progress of the [[Panama Canal]].
*Roosevelt was also the first to sail in a submarine (aboard the [[USS Plunger|USS ''Plunger'']], [[1905]]), and first former president to fly in an airplane ([[October 11]], [[1910]]).
*Roosevelt was the first president to ride an automobile. The car was a purple-lined Columbia Electric Victoria. On [[August 22]], [[1902]], Roosevelt rode through the streets of Hartford, Connecticut, along with a 20-carriage procession following behind.
*Roosevelt was also the first president to own a car.
*First President to invite a black man ([[Booker T. Washington|Booker T. Washington]]) to dine at the White House.
*First President to appoint a Jew, [[Oscar S. Straus]], as a [[Presidential Cabinet]] Secretary.
===Family matters===
Teddy Roosevelt's father was also named Theodore Roosevelt; however, Teddy's father died while the future president was still childless and unmarried, so Teddy took Sr. and subsequently named his son [[Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.]] Because Teddy, the former president, was still alive when his grandson and namesake was born, said grandson was named [[Theodore Roosevelt, III]], and consequently the president's son retained the Jr. after his father's death.
Roosevelt's father is now commonly referred to as [[Theodore Roosevelt, Sr.]] to distinguish him from his more famous son, whose name is usually given without the suffix.
===Historian and writer of prose===
Theodore Roosevelt wrote about 18 books in all, including his ''Autobiography'', ''Rough Riders'' and histories of the [[United States Naval Academy|Naval Academy]], ranching and wildlife which are still in use today.
===Posthumous award of the Medal of Honor===
On [[January 16]], [[2001]], Theodore Roosevelt was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor by [[William Jefferson Clinton|President Clinton]]. The award was accepted on Roosevelt's behalf by his great-grandson [[Tweed Roosevelt]]. The Roosevelts thus became one of only two father-son pairs to receive this honor. His eldest son, Brigadier General Theodore Roosevelt II, was awarded the [[Medal of Honor]] for his heroism at [[Normandy]] during the [[D-Day]] invasion of [[6 June]], [[1944]]. The other pair was [[Douglas MacArthur]] and his father, Civil War hero [[Arthur MacArthur, Jr.|Arthur MacArthur]].
'''His Gravestone'''
[[Image:1783.jpg]]
==Media==
{{multi-video start}}
{{multi-video item |
filename = Teddy Roosevelt, San Francisco, 1903.ogg |
title = TR in San Francisco, 1903 |
description = Parade for the school children of San Francisco, down Van Ness Avenue. (13.8 [[Megabyte|MB]], [[ogg]]/[[Theora]] format). |
format = [[Theora]]
}}
{{multi-video item |
filename = Teddy Roosevelt video montage.ogg |
title = Teddy Roosevelt video montage|
description = Collection of video clips of the president. (6.5 [[Megabyte|MB]], [[ogg]]/[[Theora]] format). |
format = [[Theora]]
}}
{{multi-video end}}
==References==
*Buetow K. ''The Australian Cattle Dog : An Owner's Guide to a Happy Healthy Pet'' ISBN 0876054467.
*Congressional Medal of Honor Society [http://www.cmohs.org]
*DeGregorio, William A. ''The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents'', (Barnes and Noble Books; New York; 2004) ISBN 0-760-75971-5
*LaFeber, Walter. "The American Age" 2nd Edition. (W.W. Norton Company; New York; 1994) ISBN 0-393-96474-4
*Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Delux 2004
*Miller, Nathan. "Theodore Roosevelt: a life", (William Morrow and Co.;New York; 1992) ISBN 0-688-06784-0
*Morris, Edmund. "The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt", (Putnam; New York; 1979) ISBN 0-698-10783-7
*Morris, Edmund. "Theodore Rex", (Random House; New York; 2001) ISBN 0-394-55509-0
*Roosevelt, Theodore. "Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography", <!---contributor does not know publisher, ISBN or date--->
== See also ==
* [[Roosevelt Corollary]]
* [[History of the United States (1865-1918)]]
* [[U.S. presidential election, 1900]]
* [[U.S. presidential election, 1904]]
* [[U.S. presidential election, 1908]]
* [[U.S. presidential election, 1912]]
* [[U.S. presidential election, 1916]]
* [[Theodore Roosevelt Bridge]] and [[Theodore Roosevelt Island]] are memorialized to him
== External links ==
{{wikiquote}}
{{Wikisource author}}
{{pic}}
* [http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt]
* [http://vvl.lib.msu.edu/showfindingaid.cfm?findaidid=RooseveltT Audio clips of Roosevelt's speeches]
* [http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/ Theodore Roosevelt Organization]
* {{gutenberg author|id=Theodore_Roosevelt|name=Theodore Roosevelt}}
* [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/search?author=roosevelt%2C+theodore&amode=start&title=&tmode=words Index of T. Roosevelt Etexts]
* [http://www.usa-presidents.info/inaugural/roosevelt.html Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural Address]
* State of the Union addresses for [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/roosevelt-1.html 1901], [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/roosevelt-2.html 1902], [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/roosevelt-3.html 1903], [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/roosevelt-4.html 1904], [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/roosevelt-5.html 1905], [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/roosevelt-6.html 1906], [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/roosevelt-7.html 1907], and [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/roosevelt-8.html 1908]
* [http://www.nobel.se/peace/laureates/1906/ Nobel Peace Prize 1906: Theodore Roosevelt]
* [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/trhtml/trhome.html Theodore Roosevelt Papers at the Library of Congress]
* [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/trfhtml/trfhome.html Theodore Roosevelt: His Life & Times on Film (LOC)]
* [http://www.nps.gov/sahi/index.htm Sagamore Hill National Historic Site]
* [http://nobelprize.org/peace/laureates/1906/index.html NobelPrize.org's entry on Theodore Roosevelt]
* [http://www.cmohs.org/recipients/troose.htm Congressional Medal of Honor's entry on Theodore Roosevelt]; including citation and pictures
* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/tr26.html White House biography]
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[[Category:Theodore Roosevelt| ]]
[[Category:1858 births|Roosevelt, Theodore]]
[[Category:1919 deaths|Roosevelt, Theodore]]
[[Category:Dutch Americans|Roosevelt, Theodore]]
[[Category:Roosevelt|Theodore]]
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[[Category:U.S. Republican Party presidential nominees|Roosevelt, Theodore]]
[[Category:Presidents of the U.S.|Roosevelt, Theodore]]
[[Category:U.S. Progressive Party presidential candidates]]
<gallery>
Image:ACDRedChampion.jpg|Champion Red face markings
Image:Acd_a_frame.jpg|A young ACD at the top of a dog agility A-frame
Image:Acd_jump_chute.jpg|An ACD in a jump chute, practicing [[dog agility]]
Image:Stripepuppy.jpg|Puppy with blue coat color
</gallery>
[[Category:Dog breeds]]
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