Name of Canada and Pequannock: Difference between pages

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{{mergeto|Pequannock Township, New Jersey}}

The '''''name [[Canada]]''''' has been in use since the earliest European settlement and likely originates from the name of a [[First Nations]] settlement. The French colony of [[Canada, New France|Canada]], [[New France]], was set up along the St. Lawrence River and the [[Great Lakes]]. Later the British colonies along the [[St. Lawrence River]] were called [[Upper Canada]] and [[Lower Canada]] until their union as the British [[United Province of Canada]] in [[1841]]. Upon [[Canadian Confederation |Confederation]] in [[1867]], the name [[Canada]] was officially adopted for the new dominion.

'''Pequannock''' is a small [[suburban]] township located in [[Morris County, New Jersey|Morris County]] northern [[New Jersey]]. It is primarily a bedroom community to nearby [[New York City]] and home to roughly 4,661 residents. What the town lacks in entertainment or commerce it makes up for in historical significance.

Today, ''Canada'' is pronounced {{IPA|/ˈkænədə/}} in {{ll|English}}, {{IPA|/kanada/}} in {{ll|French}}.

== NameLinguistic originSignificance ==

The name ''Canada'' is believed to have originated from a [[Huron]]-[[Iroquoian]] word, ''Kanata'' meaning "village" or "settlement" or "collection of huts"{{ref|1}}, referring to Stadacona, a settlement on the site of present-day [[Quebec City]]. Maps made by early European explorers show that the name ''River Canada'' was given to the [[Ottawa River]] and the [[Saint Lawrence River]] below [[Montreal]]. A plausible hypothesis is that the river was named for the village on its banks and the surrounding country for the river used to explore it.

Pequannock is thought to have been derived from the Lenni Lenape "Paquettahhnuake", meaning, "cleared land ready or being readied for cultivation". Pompton has been cited by some sources to mean "a place where they catch soft fish".

See also: [[List of place names in Canada of Aboriginal origin]].

== Historic Pequannock ==

An apocryphal explanation of the origin of the name is that Spanish cartographers, not having explored the northern part of the continent, wrote ''Acá nada'' ("nothing here") on that part of their maps. <!-- The modern Spanish word for "here" is "''aqui''". "''Acá''" is an archaic form. -->

Incorporated in [[1740]] as one of the largest townships in the region, this 6.96 square mile bedroom community composed of [[Pompton Plains]] in its northern portion and old Pequannock in its southern was once a vast 176 square mile region of [[rural]] [[farmland]] settled by the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] after its purchase by [[Arent Schuyler]] and associates in the late [[1690]]'s.

A similar tale credits Portuguese explorers, who, upon seeing the eastern coastline, declared a similar sentiment.

During the [[Revolutionary War]], [[George Washington]]'s troops camped on what is now the site of the Pequannock Valley Middle School. Washington himself of course made sure to get a room in the nearby Mandeville Inn.

==After the Conquest==

After the conquest of the French province of Canada (which was part of [[New France]]) in 1759-63, the colony was renamed [[Province of Quebec (1763-1791)|Province of Quebec]]. Following the [[American Revolution]] and the influx of [[United Empire Loyalist|Loyalists]], the colony was split into [[Upper Canada|Upper]] and [[Lower Canada|Lower Canada]], sometime being collectively known as "[[The Canadas]]".

During the Civil War, Pequannock was a stop on the underground railroad. The Giles Mandeville House, a field and quarrystone structure located at 515 Turnpike, which served as a waypoint for many runaway slaves, still stands today in use as the Manse of the adjacent First Reformed Church since 1953.

While Jacques Cartier used "canadien" to refer to the Iroquois residents of the colony, the term later came to be applied to French subjects born in Canada, and then to inhabitants of both colonies.

== Selection of the name ''Canada'' ==

At the conferences held in London to determine the form of confederation that would unite the [[Province of Canada]] (now [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]]), the Province of [[New Brunswick]] and the Province of [[Nova Scotia]], a delegate from either Nova Scotia or New Brunswick proposed the name ''Canada'' in February 1867, and it was unanimously accepted by the other delegates. There appears to have been little discussion{{ref|2}}, though other names were suggested (see below)[http://canadaonline.about.com/od/history/a/namecanada.htm].

== AdoptionOther ofPequannock ''Dominion''Information ==

People in Pequannock do lots of hardxcore drugs and get trashed nearly every night. Hooray Beer!

During the [[Charlottetown Conference]] of 1864, [[John A. Macdonald]], who later became [[Prime Minister of Canada|Canada's first prime minister]], talked of "founding a great British monarchy, in connection with the [[British Empire]]. "Officials at the [[Colonial Office]] in London, however, opposed this potentially "premature" and "pretentious" reference for a new country. They were also wary of antagonizing the [[United States]] which had emerged from the [[American Civil War]] as a formidable military power with unsettled grievances because of British support for the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] cause and thus opposed the use of terms such as ''kingdom'' or ''empire'' to describe the new country.

Pequannock people are usually white. Notar needs to leave town.

== Current statistics==

As a result the term ''[[dominion]]'' was chosen to indicate Canada's status as a self-governing [[colony]] <!-- what does it mean now that Canada is no longer a colony, and no longer within the British Empire? --> of the [[British Empire]] (the first time it would be so used in reference to a country). This was an old British term for a type of government used in New England, and presumably resurrected for new purposes.

The usage of the term ''dominion'' was formalized in 1867 through [[Canadian Confederation]]: the ''[[British North America Acts|British North America Act]]'' (Section 3) created "One Dominion under the Name of Canada".

*Population ([[2000]] Census): 4,661

In [http://www2.marianopolis.edu/quebechistory/encyclopedia/JohnS.Ewart-Wallace.htm J. S. Ewart]'s two volume work, ''the Kingdom Papers''{{ref|4}} {{ref|5}}, it is noted that the following names of the Union of British North America, "The United Colony of Canada", "the United Provinces of Canada", and "the Federated Provinces of Canada" were also considered{{ref|6}}. Ewart was also an ardent advocate for the formation of "the Republic of Canada", a position which was rarely expressed in those times{{ref|7}}.

*Housing Units: 1,675

*Land Area: 1.67 square miles

*Water Area: 0.07 square miles

*Zip Codes: 07440, 07444

*Area Code: (973)

*County: Morris

*State: New Jersey

[http://www.hometownlocator.com/ZCTA.cfm?ZIPCode=07440 2000 Census Info]

== External links ==

The term ''dominion'' is commonly attributed to Psalms 72:8 and Zechariah 9:10 of the [[Bible]]: "He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth."

*[http://www.pequannocktownship.org/ Pequannock Township Official Website]

== French terms for ''Dominion''==

*[http://www.pequannock.org/ Pequannock School District]

The French translation of the 1867 ''[[British North America Act]]'' translated "One Dominion under the Name of Canada" as "''une seule et même Puissance sous le nom de Canada''" using ''Puissance'' (power) as a translation for ''dominion''. Later the English loan-word ''dominion'' was also used in French. Until 1982, French text had no constitutional equality with English text.

*[http://www.hometownlocator.com/ZCTA.cfm?ZIPCode=07440 2000 Census Information]

*[http://www.pequannocklacrosse.org/ Pequannock Lacrosse Club]

The Fathers of Confederation met at the [[Quebec Conference of 1864]] to discuss the terms of this new union. One issue on the agenda was to determine the Union's "[[feudal rank]]" (please see ''Resolution 71'', of the [[Quebec Conference of 1864]]). The candidates for the classification of this new Union were as follows, "the Kingdom of Canada" (''le Royaume du Canada''), "the Realm of Canada" (''le Realme du Canada''), "the Union of Canada" (''l'Union du Canada''), and "the Dominion of Canada" (''le Dominion du Canada'').

*[http://www.rootsweb.com/~genepool/njpequa.htm Revolutionary Petition of Patriots (May 1776)]

== Usage of ''Canada''/''Dominion of Canada'' ==

Neither the term ''Dominion of Canada'' nor ''Dominion government'' appear in the 1867 Act; however, the former appears in the ''Constitution Act, 1871'' — usage of which was "sanctioned" {{ref|8}} — and both appear in other texts of the period, as well as on some Canadian bills before 1967.

Until the [[1950s]], the term ''Dominion of Canada'' was commonly used to identify the country. As Canada increasingly acquired political authority and autonomy from the [[United Kingdom]], the federal government increasingly began using simply ''Canada'' on state documents and treaties. The [[Canada Act 1982]] refers only to ''Canada'' and, as such, is currently the only official (as well as bilingual) name. This was also reflected later in 1982 with the renaming of the national holiday from [[Dominion Day]] to [[Canada Day]].

The 1867 British North America Act declares that the country is "One Dominion under the Name of Canada", and this has been interpreted to mean that the name of the country is simply ''Canada''. No official document amends this name, and the subsequent ''Canada Act 1982'' does not use the term ''dominion'' at all; nor does it state that Canada is not a dominion. While no official document ever says any name of the country is anything other than ''Canada'', ''Dominion'' is Canada's official title {{ref|9}}. As well, some contend that usage of the term ''Dominion of Canada'' is still proper and is the country's 'official' title. Among those making this contention was the late [[Eugene Forsey]], lamenting what he and other [[Monarchy in Canada|monarchist]]s consider increasing [[Canadian republicanism|republicanism]].

In any event, since [[1967]], the terms ''Dominion of Canada'' and ''Dominion'' are rarely used to distinguish the federal government from the provinces or, in historical works, to distinguish Canada (post 1867) from either the earlier [[Province of Canada]] or from the even earlier [[The Canadas]].

== Other proposed names ==

While the provinces' delegates spent little time, if any, in settling on 'Canada' as the name for the new country, others proposed a variety of other names:

* [[Albion]]

* Albionoria &mdash; "Albion of the north"

* Borealia – from 'borealis', the Latin word for 'northern'; compare with [[Australia]]

* Cabotia – in honour of Italian explorer [[John Cabot]], who explored the eastern coast of Canada for England

* Colonia

* Efisga &mdash; an acronym of "English, French, Irish, Scottish, German, Aboriginal"

* [[Hochelega (village)|Hochelega]] – an old name for [[Montreal]]

* [[Laurentia]]

* Mesopelagia &mdash; "land between the seas"

* Norland

* Superior

* Tuponia &mdash; derived from 'The United Provinces of North America'

* Ursalia &mdash; "place of bears"

* Vesperia &mdash; "land of the evening star"

* Victorialand – in honour of [[Queen Victoria]]

[[Walter Bagehot]] of ''[[The Economist]]'' newspaper in London argued that the new nation should be called 'Northland' or 'Anglia' instead of Canada {{ref|9}}.

On these names, the statesman [[Thomas D'Arcy McGee]] commented, "Now I would ask any honourable member of the House how he would feel if he woke up some fine morning and found himself, instead of a Canadian, a Tuponian or a Hochelagander?"

==Footnotes==

# {{note|1}} http://www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/progs/cpsc-ccsp/sc-cs/o5_e.cfm

# {{note|2}} Creighton, Donald. 1956. ''The Road to Confederation.'' Houghton Mifflin: Boston; p. 421.

# {{note|3}} http://canadaonline.about.com/od/history/a/namecanada.htm

# {{note|4}} Ewart, J. S. 1912-7. ''The Kingdom Papers, Volume I.'' McClelland, Goodchild, and Stewart Publishers: Toronto; p. 331.

# {{note|5}} Ewart, J. S. 1912-7. ''The Kingdom Papers, Volume I.'' McClelland, Goodchild, and Stewart Publishers: Toronto; p. 393.

# {{note|6}} ''ibid''; pp. 372-393; as per "Rank and Name," pp. 374-381.

# {{note|7}} ''ibid''; ''Imperial Projects and the Republic of Canada,'' pp. 262-393.

# {{note|8}} Martin, Robert. 1993(?). [http://www.prayerbook.ca/library/machray/issue5/machray5d.htm 1993 Eugene Forsey Memorial Lecture: A Lament for British North America.] ''The Machray Review.'' Prayer Book Society of Canada. &mdash; ''A summative piece about nomenclature and pertinent history with abundant references.''

# {{note|9}} Marsh, James H., ed. 1988. "[http://www.canadianencyclopedia.ca/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0002344 ''Dominion'']" ''[[Canadian Encyclopedia|The Canadian Encyclopedia]]''. Hurtig Publishers: Toronto.

# {{note|10}} Moore, Christopher. 1997. ''1867: How the Fathers Made a Deal.'' McClelland and Stewart: Toronto; p. 214.

==Other sources==

*Forsey, Eugene A. 2005. [http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/idb/forsey/PDFs/How_Canadians_Govern_Themselves-6ed.pdf ''How Canadians Govern Themselves''], 6th ed. (ISBN 0-662-39689-8) Canada: Ottawa; pp. 8-9, 23.

*Hallowell, Gerald, ed. 2004. ''The Oxford Companion to Canadian History.'' (ISBN 0-19-541559-0) Oxford University Press: Toronto; p. 183.

*''Acte Concenant l'Union et le Gouverenment du Canada, et de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, et de Nouveau Brunswick, Ainsi que les Objets qui s'y Rattachent (30e Victoria, Chap. 3) / An Act for the Union of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick and the Government Thereof; and for the Purposes Contected Therewith (30 Victoria, Cap 3)'', Typographie D'Augustin Cote, Quebec, Canada, pp. 209, (1868). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BNA_Act1867_FrenchPreamble_page4.gif

[[Category:History of Canada]]