Military history of Canada and User talk:Kuban kazak: Difference between pages

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{{Canadian History box}}

== Kharkiv ==

The '''[[military history]] of [[Canada]]''' comprises [[millennium|millennia]] of armed actions in the territory encompassing modern Canada, and the role of the [[Canadian Armed Forces|Canadian military]] in [[conflict]]s and [[peacekeeping]] worldwide. For at least 10,000 years, the area that would become Canada was the site of intertribal wars among [[First Nation]] groups. Beginning in the [[16th century]], the arrival of [[Europe]]ans led to conflicts with the [[Aboriginal people in Canada|Natives]] and among the invading Europeans in the [[New World]]. Starting in the [[17th century]], the region was the site of conflicts between the [[France|French]] and the [[Britain|British]] for more than a [[century]], as each allied with various First Nation groups. In [[1763]], the British emerged victorious and the French were almost completely expelled from [[North America]]. New challenges soon arose when the [[British North America|northern colonies]] chose not to join the [[American Revolution]] and remained loyal to the British crown. The victorious [[United States|Americans]] looked to extend their republic and launched invasions in [[1775]] and in [[1812]]. On both occasions, the Americans were rebuffed by British and local forces; however, this threat would remain well into the [[19th century]] and partially facilitated [[Canadian Confederation]] in [[1867]].

Hey Kuban kazak. The use of ''[[Kharkiv]]'' vs. ''Kharkov'' has been discussed at length and the current form is the result of the consensus several editors. Please consult [[talk:Kharkiv]] and its archive, and discuss there if you want to propose such a change. Cheers, ''[[User:Mzajac |Michael]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Mzajac |Z.]]&nbsp;<small>2005-10-15&nbsp;23:17&nbsp;Z</small>''

After Confederation, and amid much controversy, a full-fledged [[Canadian Armed Forces|Canadian military]] was created. Canada, however, remained a British dependency, and Canadian forces joined their British counterparts in the [[Boer War]], and the [[First World War|First World War]]. Even after greater independence that came in 1931, Canada's links to Britain remained strong, and the British once again enjoyed Canadian support in the [[Second World War]]. Since the Second World War, however, Canada has been committed to [[multilateralism]] and has gone to war only within large multinational [[coalition]]s such as in the [[Korean War]], the [[Gulf War]], the [[Kosovo War]], and the [[2001 invasion of Afghanistan]]. Canada has also played an important role in [[UN]] [[peacekeeping]] operations worldwide and has cumulatively committed more troops than any other country.

[[Image:Vimy tank.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Canadian [[soldiers]] advancing behind a [[tank]] at the [[Battle of Vimy Ridge]], one of Canada's greatest military victories]]

==European colonization==

===First Nations===

==Moscow Metro==

The first conflicts between Europeans and Native peoples may have occurred around 1006, when parties of [[Norseman|Norsemen]] attempted to establish permanent settlements along the coast of [[Newfoundland]]. According to [[Norse sagas]], the native [[Beothuk]] (called [[skraelings]] or ''skraelingars'' by the Norse) responded so ferociously that the newcomers eventually withdrew and gave up their original intentions to settle. Among later European settlers, the First Nations developed a reputation for violence and savagery. This was in part due to cultural differences. The Natives gave no heed to the idea of [[surrender]], and tended to torture and kill those who did so.{{ref|surr}}

Hi there, kazak! I noticed that you put the apostrophes back in the names of some of the Moscow Metro stations. Just wanted to let you know that English Wikipedia traditionally utilizes Russian transliteration guidelines outlined [[Transliteration of Russian into English|here]]. While it is generally understood that there is no single transliteration system used by everyone, it had been decided that the usage of one system greatly helps maintain the consistency of the articles. At this time, most articles dealing with Russia-related topics use that transliteration system (which omits apostrophes used for soft and hard signs). You may also want to check out [[Portal:Russia/New article announcements|this announcement board]] (just do an in-page search for "metro" to find relevant announcements) for more information specifically regarding the naming of Moscow Metro stations. By all means do not hesitate to contact me if you have questions. Best,&mdash;[[User:Ezhiki|Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis)]] 18:36, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

==Welcome==

Prior to the arrival of Europeans, some First Nations warfare tended to be formal and ritualistic, and entail relatively few casualties.{{ref|FN}} But there is also evidence of much more violent warfare, even the complete genocide of some groups by others, such as the total displacement of the [[Dorset (culture)|Dorset]] culture of Newfoundland by the Beothuk mentioned above, as well as by the [[Inuit]] in other regions. There is no evidence of genetic or cultural continuity, so the Dorset are presumed to have simply been wiped out.

Just to say Welcome! I'm glad we now have a Cossack on Wikipedia :) [[User:Nikola Smolenski|Nikola]] 18:13, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

==Transliteration==

After Europeans arrived, fighting tended to be bloodier and more decisive, especially as tribes became caught up in the economic and military rivalries of the European settlers. By the end of the seventeenth century, the East Coast First Nations rapidly adopted the use of [[firearms]], supplanting the traditional [[Bow (weapon)|bow]].{{ref|adopt}} While a skilled [[warrior]] could dodge an incoming arrow, and wooden [[armour]] offered some measure of protection against arrows, nothing could protect them from a [[bullet]]; this significantly increased the number of fatalities. The bloodshed involved in native conflicts was also dramatically increased by the uneven distribution of firearms and [[horses]] among Native groups.

The point of transliteration is to enable English speakers to be able to pronounce these Russian names in the correct fashion. The reason Y is used to represent Ы, Й, -ий, -ый is that it is the closest English letter to those sounds. I understand your objection to using the "ai" sound to represent all these letters, which would be incorrect, but you have to understand that most of the time Y is not pronounced "ai" in English. It can also be pronounced "i" as in "system" and "ee" as in "fiery," not to mention the Y consonant sound.

A native English speaker will pronounce "Leninsky Prospekt" and "Leninskiy Prospekt" the same, and he or she would never say "LeninskAI Prospekt." Using "iy" as opposed to "y" does not change the way the word is pronounced, and "iy" is an unfamiliar letter combination in English that readers may not know how to pronounce.

Native tribes became important allies of both the French and English in the struggle for [[North American]] hegemony during the seventeenth and [[18th century|eighteenth]] centuries; these alliances escalated the violence. [[Scalping]], which is now believed to have existed before the arrival of the Europeans, became more common as the Europeans demanded the presentation of scalps as evidence of their military success.{{ref|scalp}}

Using a J to represent the consonant Y sound is even more ridiculous. J ''never'' makes a Y sound in English. An English reader confronted with a word like "Oktjabrskaja" will have no idea how to pronounce it, and if they attempt to say it they will almost certainly be wrong. The spelling "Oktyabrskaya," which correctly uses the letter Y to represent the Y consonant sound, will be pronounced correctly by an English speaker.

===Early French settlements===

The French under [[Samuel de Champlain]] founded a settlement at [[Quebec City|Quebec]] in [[1608]] and quickly came into conflict with some of the indigenous inhabitants. In the earliest battles, superior French firepower rapidly dispersed massed groups of Natives; Native fortifications also proved useless against French cannon. The Natives thus changed tactics by integrating their [[hunting]] skills and their intimate knowledge of the terrain with their use of firearms obtained from the British; thus, they developed a highly effective form of [[Guerrilla|guerrilla warfare]], and were soon a formidable threat to all but the handful of fortified cities. For the first century of its existence the chief threat to the inhabitants of [[New France]] came from the [[Iroquois]] confederacy of Native tribes, and particularly from its eastern-most people, the [[Mohawk nation|Mohawks]]. While the majority of tribes in the region were [[allies]] of the French, the Iroquois were aligned with the British, and received their weapons and support.

As to your other objections, in English "north-south" does not imply that the street (or avenue) runs from the north TO the south, it just means the street's alignment is along the north-south axis as opposed to the east-west axis. Removing Profsoyuznaya from the list was an accident. Regarding your request for British spelling, by Wikipedia convention either spelling is appropriate.

The [[French and Iroquois Wars]] continued intermittently for several decades, with great brutality on both sides. In response to the Iroquois threat, the French government dispatched the [[Carignan-Salières Regiment]], the first group of uniformed professional soldiers to set foot on what is today Canadian soil. After peace was attained, these soldiers returned to France and were replaced by the [[Compagnies Franches de la Marine]]. The new troops became permanent stationed in [[New France]], and were therefore Canada's first professional standing army.

I appreciate your work on the rolling stock, extensions, and correction to the plans of Park Pobedy and Izmaylovsky Park. I did not realize that they were done by you because you were listed as an IP address.

==English-French conflict==

Canada was colonized by two major European powers that were historically at odds with each other, and it was inevitable that this age-old tension would spill over into Canada; during the 17th and 18th centuries, there was almost continuous conflict between the colonizing powers in Canada.

[[User:Camerafiend|Camerafiend]] 13:24, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

===17th century===

A year before the French founded [[Quebec City]], the English began their first settlement, at [[Jamestown, Virginia]] to the south. From these original footholds, much larger colonies would emerge. The French colony on the [[St. Lawrence River|St Lawrence River]] was based primarily on the [[fur trade]] and enjoyed only lukewarm support from the [[List of French monarchs|French monarchy]]. It grew only slowly amidst the tough and unyielding geographical and climatic circumstances. The more favourably located English colonies to the south developed more diversified economies and flourished. The result was that by the 1750s, when the economic, political, and military rivalries came to a head in the struggle of the [[Seven Years War]], the total population of the 13 English colonies was 1,500,000, whereas that of their French rivals to the north was only about 60,000. As a result, the French were forced to employ [[guerrilla warfare]] tactics, largely borrowed from the Natives. This form of fighting became known as ''[[la petite guerre]]''.{{ref|NewFrance}}

Fair enough. I still don't understand the advantage of using -iy instead of -y, but if that's what you want to use I'm fine with it. I'm glad you figured out how to move the pages without creating duplicate articles. [[User:Camerafiend|Camerafiend]] 21:00, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

During the 17th century, there were several skirmishes between the two [[great power]]s. In 1629, a group of English marauders captured and burnt the stronghold at Québec and carried off Champlain and its other leaders into captivity in England. However, these leaders returned in 1632, rebuilt their capital, and resumed their endeavours. The next most serious threat to Québec in the seventeenth century came in 1690 when, alarmed by the attacks of the ''petite guerre'', the New England colonies sent an armed expedition north, under Sir [[William Phips]], to capture the source of the problems: Québec itself. This expedition was poorly organized and had little time to achieve its objective, having arrived in mid-October, shortly before the St Lawrence would freeze over. The expedition was responsible for eliciting one of the most famous pronouncements in Canadian military history. When called on by Phips to surrender, the aged Governor [[Louis de Buade de Frontenac|Frontenac]], then serving his second term, replied (according to Frontenac's self-congratulatory reports) "I will answer … only with the mouths of my cannon and the shots of my muskets." After a single abortive landing on the [[Beauport shore]] to the east of the city, the English force withdrew down the icy waters of the St Lawrence.

:Pardon me for intervening, but I would like to note that Wikipedia transliteration system is not a matter of someone's personal preference. Using "ja" is definitily not incorrect, but "ya" is also by no means not incorrect&mdash;these are merely conventions of two different transliteration systems (which, I repeat, are both "correct", but used for different purposes). The WP transliteration system was devised to maintain consistency&mdash;any other system could have certainly been used with the same effect (be it ISO-9, straight BCGN/PGN, or Russian GOST). [[Transliteration of Russian into English|Current system]] has been selected as the best for transliterating Russian into '''English'''; it is not merely a generic system, but one that targets the needs of English-speaking readers and is, as such, more common in English media/texts. I would recommend that you adjust your transliteration habits when dealing with the English WP articles. Using just one system benefits English WP greatly, and, since the tradition is pretty much set, I suggest you accept it. Just imagine that suddenly your system is adopted just as widely as the current one is&mdash;how would you deal with someone who comes in in half a year and insists that ISO-9 is the only way to go? Hope for your understanding, and keep up your otherwise great work. Feel free to drop me a line if you have questions or comments. Cheers,&mdash;[[User:Ezhiki|Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis)]] 01:34, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

==Ukraine==

In [[1695]], [[Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville]] was called upon to attack the English stations along the Atlantic coast of [[Newfoundland]]. Iberville sailed with his three vessels to [[Placentia]] (Plaisance), the French capital of [[Newfoundland]]. Both English and French fishermen exploited the [[Grand Banks]] fishery from their respective settlements on [[Newfoundland]] under the sanction of the treaty of [[1687]], but the purpose of the new French expedition of [[1696]] was nevertheless to expel the English from [[Newfoundland]]. Iberville and his men left [[Placentia]] on [[November 1]], [[1696]] and marched overland to [[Ferryland]], 50 miles south of [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St John&#8217;s]]. Nine days later, Iberville joined with naval forces and both detachments began the march north to the English capital, which surrendered on [[November 30]], [[1696]] following a brief siege. After setting fire to [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St John&#8217;s]], Iberville&#8217;s Canadians almost totally destroyed the English fisheries along the eastern shore of [[Newfoundland]]. Small raiding parties terrorized the hamlets hidden away in remote bays and inlets, burning, looting, and taking prisoners. By the end of March [[1697]], only [[Bonavista]] and [[Carbonear]] remained in English hands. In four months of raids, Iberville was responsible for the destruction of 36 settlements.

Hi, Kuban Kazak, and welcome again. I just thought I stop by and request that you use some extra caution in UA-RU controvercial issues. It is easy to make others lose their temper and extra care is warranted. Since you seem interested in religeous affairs of Ukraine, you may take a look at [[Patriarch Filaret (Mykhailo Denysenko)]] article and click on the links. Hopefully, you will help to improve Ukrainian topics and avoid the edit wars. Thanks, --[[User:Irpen|Irpen]] 16:17, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

:Sorry about that, got carried away... anyway thanks for watering down the version, I suppose that that is any wikipedia's responsibility...I also wish for your help on the Kiev Metro section (photographs, we need photographs there). Actually I want to make a portal about all the metro systems of the former Ussr and hope for your help. [[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 14:54, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

Thanks a lot for your work on expansion of [[Kiev Metro]] coverage. Cheers, --[[User:Irpen|Irpen]] 05:16, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

==Russian portal==

===Early 18th century===

Dear colleague, it would have been nice of you to announce newly created articles [[Wikipedia:Wikiportal/Russia/New_article_announcements|here]]. Thanks. --[[User:Ghirlandajo|Ghirlandajo]] 13:34, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

During the 18th century, the British-French struggle in Canada intensified as the rivalry between the mother countries worsened in Europe. As concerns grew, the French government poured more and more military spending into its North American colonies. Expensive garrisons were maintained at distant fur trading posts, the fortifications of Québec were improved and augmented, and a new fortified town was built on the east coast of Île Royale, or [[Cape Breton Island]]—the fortress of [[Fortress Louisbourg|Louisbourg]], the so-called "[[Dunkirk, France|Dunkirk]] of the North."

:And also [[Wikipedia:Wikiportal/Ukraine/New_article_announcements|here]]. I will try to help with what I can with metro. BTW, IMO we should probably use modern Ukrainian names for most, if not all, stations/lines in [[Kiev Metro]]. Thanks for your interest. Feel free to contact me if you have any questions. --[[User:Irpen|Irpen]] 20:28, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

==St. Volodymyr's==

See [[Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/Incidents#Repeated_wholesale_removal_of_info_from_St._Volodymyr.27s_Cathedral]]. Feel free to comment. --[[User:Irpen|Irpen]] 01:15, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

: Oh I commeted alright, one thing is to argue a POV, another thing is to descredit a POV and delete whole sections, Варварство причем варварство в самом прямом смысле.[[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 13:20, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

What a mess!!! I hope this would be soon put to an end. I haven't realized that you were writing to AndriyK at the same time as I was writing to him. I corrected the title of your section at his talk. I hope it is OK with you. Please send me your email address if you don't mind --[[User:Irpen|Irpen]] 21:52, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Three times during the 18th century, the French and English North American colonies found themselves at war with one another, in what the British colonists referred to as the [[French and Indian Wars]]. These were in local off-shoots of larger European conflicts—the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] (1702–13), the [[War of the Austrian Succession]] (1744–48), and the [[Seven Years' War]] (1756–63). Each witnessed attacks by the English colonists on French areas of settlement, while the petite guerre of the Canadiens left a trail of terror and devastation through the northern towns and villages of [[New England]], sometimes reaching as far south as [[Virginia]].{{ref|Virginia}} In 1713, a British force managed to capture [[Port Royal, Nova Scotia|Port Royal]], the French capital of [[Acadia]] in present-day [[Nova Scotia]]. As a result, France was forced to cede control of mainland Nova Scotia to [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Britain]] in the [[Treaty of Utrecht (1713)|Treaty of Utrecht]], leaving present-day [[New Brunswick]], [[Prince Edward Island]], and Cape Breton Island in the hands of the French.

:And sorry, I could not yet get to your Metro articles. You obviously see the reasons. --[[User:Irpen|Irpen]] 22:40, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

::Опыт говорит что правокаторы приходят и уходят, а метро уже 70, 50, 45 лет в Мск, СПб и Киеве соответственно. Сейчас выметем мусор а потом делом займемся.[[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 22:45, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Hi, please do not get mad that I removed your entry from St Volodymyr's talk. Let's not get people crazy when we are approaching a difficult compromise there. I wholeheartedly share your desire for Ukraine to finally get a single canonical local Church which I would prefer to see [[autocephalous]]. I just thought the article you linked will start another barrage of flames. Cheers, --[[User:Irpen|Irpen]] 21:56, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

During the War of the Austrian Succession, a force of New England militia, under [[William Pepperrell|William Pepperell]] and Commodore [[Peter Warren (admiral)|Peter Warren]] of the [[Royal Navy]], succeeded in capturing Louisbourg in 1745. Yet by the [[Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle]] that ended the war in 1748, France got Louisbourg back by trading off other of its conquests in the [[Netherlands]] and [[India]]. The New Englanders were outraged, and as a counterweight to the continuing French strength at Louisbourg, the British founded the military settlement of [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]] in 1749, with a strong naval base in its spacious harbour.<!--Please focus the reader on the important links; I've delinked the peppering of low-value simple years that was making it hard to read. Relink if you really insist, but trust me, it's better without them-->

==[[Wikipedia:Naming conventions/Geographic names]]==

===Seven Years' War===

Another thing, I think there is quiet a good discussion with an excellent proposal being hammered out by several users at [[Wikipedia:Naming_conventions/Geographic_names]]. The latest version is very close to what I would like to see as a Wikipedia policy and, if implemented, it would also help to quickly put an end to certain behaviours of certain users if you know what I mean. --[[User:Irpen|Irpen]] 01:24, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

{{Main|Seven Years' War}}

In 1754, the Seven Years' War began in North America, where it is sometimes called the [[French and Indian War]]. The French had begun to challenge the claims of Anglo-American [[fur trade|traders]] and [[Ohio Company|land speculators]] for supremacy in the [[Ohio Country]] to the west of the [[Appalachian Mountains]]—land that was claimed by some of the British colonies in their royal charters. In 1753, the French started the military occupation of the Ohio Country by building a series of forts. In 1755, the British sent two regiments of the line to North America to drive the French from these forts, but these were [[Braddock Expedition|destroyed]] by French Canadians and American Indians as they approached [[Fort Duquesne]]. War was formally declared in 1756, and in Quebec, six French regiments of [[troupes de terre]], or line infantry, came under the command of the newly arrived general, the 44-year-old [[Marquis de Montcalm]]. Accompanying him were another two battalions of 'troupes de terre', bringing the total number of French professional soldiers in the colony to about 4000.''Eat Dick The Vestibule Was Here'' This was the first significant aggregation of trained professional soldiers on what was to be Canadian soil.

[[Image:Death-wolfe.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''[[The Death of General Wolfe]]'', painted by [[Benjamin West]], [[apocrypha]]lly depicts [[James Wolfe|General Wolfe]]'s final moments during the [[Battle of the Plains of Abraham]] in 1759.]]

Under their new commander, the French at first achieved a number of startling victories over the British, first at [[Battle of Fort William Henry|Fort William Henry]] to the south of Lake Champlain, where, in 1757, over 2400 men, mostly British regulars, surrendered. In the following year, an even greater victory followed when the British army—numbering about 15,000 under Major General [[James Abercrombie]]—was roundly defeated in its attack on a French fortification at [[Battle of Carillon|Carillon]] (later renamed [[Fort Ticonderoga]] by the British) at the southern tip of Lake Champlain. The French numbered no more than 3500, but before the British withdrew, the French had inflicted a loss of about 2000 men, mostly regulars, for a total French loss of about 350. In the meantime, the British war effort had been galvanized by the appointment of [[William Pitt]] as [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]], who was determined to win battles, and who decided that North America would be the crux of the British war effort. In June 1758, a British force of 13,000 regulars under Major General [[Geoffrey Amherst]], with [[James Wolfe]] as one of his brigadiers, landed and permanently captured the Fortress of Louisbourg.

== Wikipedia is not a "Russian Orthodox Encyclopaedia" ==

An even greater victory occurred a year later when, at the [[Battle of the Plains of Abraham]], a British force under Wolfe defeated the French under Montcalm, and took Quebec City. However, in the spring of 1760, the French General, [[François-Gaston de Lévis]], marched back to Quebec from Montreal and defeated the British at [[Battle of St. Foy|Ste. Foy]] in a battle similar to that of the previous year; now the situation was reversed, with the French laying siege to the Quebec fortifications behind which the British retreated. However, the French finally had to concede the loss of New France when the Royal Navy rather than the French fleet sailed up the St Lawrence after the breakup of the winter ice. France lost almost all of its North American possessions, and retained only the small islands of [[Saint-Pierre and Miquelon]] as a base for its fishing fleet, which worked the [[Grand Banks]].

Please stop pushing Russian Orthodox POV to the articles. Please pay attention that ''canonicity''

==Conflicts with the United States==

*is viewed somewhat differently by Orthodox and Catholic Churches;

With the French threat eliminated, Britain's eastern seaboard colonies became increasingly restive. The [[American Revolution]] largely arose from their resentment of paying taxes to support a large military establishment, when there was no obvious enemy. This was augmented by further suspicions of British motives when the Ohio Valley and other western territories previously claimed by France were not annexed to the existing British colonies, who regarded these as just fruits of war, but were reserved for the British Crown. The [[American Revolutionary War]] (1776–83) saw the revolutionaries use force to break free from British rule and claim these western lands. Attempts by the revolutionaries to [[Battle of Quebec (1775)|take Québec]] and a number of posts in the Maritime regions during this conflict were repelled by superior British military and naval power. The revolutionaries' failure to achieve success in these areas, and the continuing allegiance to Britain of some colonists, resulted in the split of Britain's North American empire. Many Americans who remained loyal to the crown, known as the [[United Empire Loyalists]], moved north, greatly expanding the English-speaking population. The independent republic of the [[United States]] emerged to the south, while a series of loyal British colonies remained in place along its northern border. The remaining British colonies were collectively referred to as [[British North America]].

*is not recognized by Protestant Churches;

*is not recognized by most of people in the wold that are not Cristian at all.

Please read [[WP:NPOV]] carefully.

===War of 1812===

::''NPOV policy often means presenting multiple points of view.''

{{Main|War of 1812}}

[[Image:boqueenstonheights.jpg|right|thumb|300px|''James B Dennis's ''The Battle of Queenston Heights'' depicts the ultimately unsuccessful American landing on [[October 13]], [[1812]].]]

After the cessation of hostilities, animosity and suspicion continued between the United States and the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]. This erupted into a shooting war in 1812, when the Americans declared war on the British. The Americans were irked by British harassment of US ships on the high seas (including impressment of American seamen into the Royal Navy), the occurrence of which was a byproduct of British involvement in the ongoing [[Napoleonic Wars]]. The Americans did not possess a navy capable of challenging the [[Royal Navy]], and so an invasion of Canada was proposed as the only feasible means of attacking the British Empire. Americans on the western frontier also hoped an invasion would bring an end to what they saw as British support of [[North American Indians|American Indian]] resistance to the westward expansion of the United States, and finalize their claim to the western territories. The early strategy was to temporarily seize Canada as a means of forcing concessions from the British. However, as the war progressed, outright annexation was more frequently cited as an objective—an early expression of what would later be called "[[Manifest Destiny]]". Many Americans hoped the Canadians would welcome the chance to overthrow their British rulers.{{ref|annex}}

Please pay attention that pushing Orthodox POV is against the WP policies.--[[User:AndriyK|AndriyK]] 21:00, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

The Americans launched an invasion across the northern border in July 1812. The war raged back and forth along the border of [[Upper Canada]], on land as well as on the waters of the [[Great Lakes]]. The British succeeded in capturing [[Detroit]] in July, and in October, a major American thrust across the [[Niagara peninsula|Niagara]] frontier was defeated at the [[Battle of Queenston Heights]] by a combined force of British regular troops and colonial militia under Sir [[Isaac Brock]], who lost his life in the battle.

:The original article said something along the lines of "a church viewed uncannonical by the Orthodox Communion" i.e. Protestant, Catholics and other religions have nothing to do with this article. The church is NOT recognignised by other Orthodox Churches which happen to have cannonical standing. It is you who needs to pay attention and not omitt these facts, same NPOV argument my ''Drug'' [[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 22:22, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

1813 was the year of American victories, when they retook Detroit and enjoyed a string of successes along the western end of [[Lake Erie]], culminating in the [[Battle of Moraviantown]] on [[October 5]]th. Further east, the Americans succeeded in capturing and burning York (later [[Toronto]]) and taking [[Fort George at Niagara]], which they held until the end of the year. However, in the same year, two American thrusts against [[Montreal]] were defeated—one by a force of British regulars at [[Battle of Crysler's Farm|Crysler's Farm]] to the west of the city on the St Lawrence; the other, by a force of mostly French Canadian militia under the command of [[Charles de Salaberry]], at [[Battle of Chateauguay|Allan's Corners]] to the south of the city on the Chateauguay River. The Iroquois tribes of the [[Upper Canada]], the [[Caughnawagas]] from near Montreal, and western tribes under the [[Shawnee]] chief, [[Tecumseh]], were valued allies of the British throughout the campaign. These First Peoples played an important part in many battles and on many occasions had a psychologically debilitating impact on their enemy.

Kuban kazak, I also got this message. I will respond shortly at AndriyK's talk. Please see [[Talk:Lviv Oblast]] re names. The issue isn't trivial. Also, please email me with your email address if you don't mind. --[[User:Irpen|Irpen]] 00:16, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

A combined force of 70% Canadian colonial militia with their British allies set fire to the Senate House, the White House and several other federal buildings in Washington D.C. during the climax of the war, partially in retaliation for the burning of York.

:Sorry for interfering again, but let's not inflame our opponents in the edit summaries. I responded on the essence on their positions on the article's and AndriyK's talk pages. Cheers, --[[User:Irpen|Irpen]] 01:46, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

== ...вряд ли ==

In December of 1814, the two exhausted opponents signed a [[Treaty of Ghent|peace treaty]] that restored the pre-existing borders before the attempted American invasion of Canada. Sir Isaac Brock became a martyred Canadian hero. The successful defence of Canada was a historic triumph for Canada and the British Commonwealth. {{ref|1812}}

Родом я из Москвы. У меня прадед, будучи казаком, воевал в первую войну. Другие предки у меня с Полтавщины - наверняка с Хмельницким были. А сам я не то что бы казак, а скорее потомок казацкий - хотя шашка и нагайка дома имеются.

===British withdrawal===

<br>[[User:Kazak|Kazak]] 02:27, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

The fear that the Americans might reactivate their wish to conquer Canada remained a serious concern for at least the next half century, and was the chief reason for the retention of a large British garrison there. From the 1820s to the 1840s, there was extensive construction of fortifications in the colonies, as the British attempted to create strong points around which defending forces might centre in the event of an American invasion; these fortifications include the Citadels at [[Citadel of Quebec|Québec]] and Halifax, and [[Fort Henry, Ontario|Fort Henry]] in [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]]. The [[Rideau Canal]] was built during these years to allow ships in wartime to travel a more northerly route from Montreal to Kingston. (The customary peacetime route was the St Lawrence River, which constituted the northern edge of the American border, and hence was vulnerable to enemy attack and interference.)

==Challenge==

One of the most important actions by the British forces during this period was the putting down of the [[Rebellions of 1837]]. The [[Upper Canada Rebellion]] was quickly and decisively defeated by the British forces. The [[Lower Canada Rebellion]] was a greater threat to the British, and the rebels were victorious at the [[Battle of St. Denis|Battle of St Denis]] on [[November 23]]. Two days later, the rebels were defeated at the [[Battle of Saint-Charles]], and on [[December 14]], they were finally routed at the [[Battle of Saint-Eustache]].

Man, saw your challenge for AndriyK. Ahhh, I want it :)) Anyway, I see why you want him to do it, and I am not going to interfere, but if you have anything else that's equally interesting and not so recent (administrative divisions are a hobby of mine), let me know, OK?.&mdash;[[User:Ezhiki|Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis)]] 01:12, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

:Try Belarus, from the same 1940s atlas. Or Russia, all of the historic regions, gubernia, different borders etc.[[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 11:55, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

::Guberniyas, them I've been doing anyway (see [[History of the administrative division of Russia]]), albeit it's progressing much slower than I wanted. What I had in mind was a specific, well-defined challenge. I'll take a look at Belarus, though. Thanks!&mdash;[[User:Ezhiki|Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis)]] 13:22, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

==Request for help==

By the 1850s, fears of an American invasion had begun to diminish, and the British felt able to start reducing the size of their garrison. The [[Canadian-American Reciprocity Treaty|Reciprocity Treaty]], negotiated between Canada and the United States in 1854, further helped to alleviate concerns. However, tensions picked up again during the [[American Civil War]] (1861–65), apparently reaching a peak with the [[Trent Affair]] of late 1861 and early 1862. This was touched off when the captain of a US gunboat stopped the [[RMS Trent|Royal Mail Steamship ''Trent'']] and removed two [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] officials who were bound for Britain. The British government was outraged and, with war appearing imminent, took steps to reinforce its British North American garrison, which was increased from a strength of 4000 to 18,000. In the end, cooler heads prevailed, war was averted, and the sense of crisis subsided. This incident proved to be the final major episode of Anglo-American military confrontation in North America, as both sides increasingly became persuaded of the benefits of amicable relations. At the same time, many Canadians went south to fight in the Civil War, with most joining the Union army, although some Canadian were sympathetic towards the Confederacy (see [[Canada and the American Civil War]]).

[[User:Molobo]] has been in habit of vandalizing articles on [[Smolensk War]], [[Russophobia]], [[Belovezhskaya Pushcha]], etc. Now she attacks [[Berlin Congress]]. Please help to neutrilize her. Thanks, [[User:Ghirlandajo|Ghirlandajo]] 12:13, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

In the meantime, Britain was becoming concerned with military threats closer to home, and disgruntled at paying to maintain a garrison in colonies that were becoming increasingly self-assertive, and that, after [[1867]], were united in the self-governing Dominion of Canada. Consequently, in [[1871]], the troops of the British garrison were withdrawn from Canada completely, save for Halifax and Esquimalt, where British garrisons remained in place purely for reasons of [[British Empire|imperial]] strategy.

===FenianMetro raids=:(==

Hi, Kazak. To be completely honest, I'm a bit disappointed with your recent moves of metro articles, especially considering the fact that you were the one scolding someone else for making silly edits. I already explained the Russian transliteration system used in Wikipedia, and I also explained that neither that system, nor the one you are more fond of, is by itself incorrect. However, only one system should be used for consistency sake. I would suggest that you adopt one that's already widely used instead of moving articles back and forth. [[Transliteration of Russian into English]] happens to be the system that Wikipedia's policies [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions#Russian names|prescribe]], and, as you undoubtedly know, non-complying with the policies is not usually the best idea. I do not mean to be petty or waste our time, but I am a consistency hobgoblin, that's for sure, and I ''do'' see consistency as one of the virtues Wikipedia should pursue. Thank you for your attention and understanding, and I would appreciate if you undid the rest of your changes yourself.&mdash;[[User:Ezhiki|Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis)]] 22:59, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

{{Main|Fenian raids}}

It was during this period of re-examination of the British military presence in Canada and its ultimate withdrawal that the last invasion of Canada occurred. It was not carried out by any official US government force, but by an organization called the [[Fenians]]. This was a group of [[Irish-American]]s who believed that by seizing Canada and holding her hostage, concessions could be wrung from the British occupiers of their [[Ireland|Irish homeland]].{{ref|fenpop}} After the events of the Civil War, anti-British sentiment was high in the United States. Irish-Americans were a large and politically important constituency. Thus, while deeply concerned about the Fenians, the US government, led by Secretary of State [[William H. Seward]],{{ref|Seward}} generally ignored the Fenian organizing efforts. The Fenians were allowed to openly organize and arm themselves, and were even allowed to recruit in Union Army camps.{{ref|camps}} The Americans were not prepared to risk war with Britain, and intervened when the Fenians threatened to endanger American neutrality.

Additionally, I would also recommend you a refresher on [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#National varieties of English]] and to remind you that American spelling should not be changed into British (and vice versa) except when both variants co-exist on one page or when British spelling is used in an article on an American-related topic (and vice versa). In all other cases, the variant of English used by the original contributor should be used.&mdash;[[User:Ezhiki|Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis)]] 23:09, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

The Fenians were a serious threat to Canada, because most of them were veterans of the [[Union Army]] of the American Civil War, and were well armed. They made two attacks in 1866: one on [[Campobello Island]] in New Brunswick in April, and another in the Niagara and the St Lawrence Valley regions in July; both attacks failed. In New Brunswick, this failure was due to the presence of a strong force of British regulars and the confiscation of Fenian weapons by the American navy. In Niagara, the defeat was at least partially due to the Fenians' own ineptitude in not following up a victory over the Canadian militia at the [[Battle of Ridgeway]]. Two later attacks along the Québec-Vermont frontier in 1870 and Manitoba in 1871 proved similarly fruitless.

:If consistency is to be followed then you will find that british spelling is used on the main page, and the main page of the KRL was changed to my system and used since, what kind of consistency is this if one line will use one version and another one a different one. Me and Camerafield agreed to take off -ja and -ij in preference to -YA and -IY. So no point reverting my changes.[[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 23:22, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Despite these failures, the raids had some impact on Canadian politicians who were then locked in negotiations leading up to the [[Canadian Confederation|Confederation]] agreement of 1867. The raids reinforced a sense of military vulnerability, especially because the British were known to be seriously considering the downsizing of their garrison, if not its outright withdrawal. The Confederation debates were to some degree held in an atmosphere of military crisis, and the greater military security that would be gained through the pooling of colonial resources was one of the factors that weighed heavily in Confederation's favour.{{ref|Fenians}}

::The point is not something you discussed with another user. The point is to follow policies. If you see British spelling in one line and American in another, by all means correct that (but make sure you correct it to one the original author used, not the one you like the most). As for translit, please always correct it to conform with what the policies tell you to. I realize it may be hard for you&mdash;I, for example, cannot stand British spelling, but if that's what the original author used, then I will change all American spelling back to British if I happen to edit the page (mind you, some people actually choose to hunt down pages with inconsistent spelling). Again, this is not just the matter of personal courtesy, it's the matter of following the policies. You would not break the three-revert rule just because you do not like it or think that it was invented by a bunch of morons who had nothing better to do with their time, would you? Same goes for transliteration and spelling. Trust me, people broke too many spears and wasted too much time over these seemingly petty issues in the past. Each policy is there for a reason. I once again ask you to ''please'' comply.&mdash;[[User:Ezhiki|Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis)]] 03:13, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

May I add to that what's my own take on this. Being not a native speaker I never interfere with American/British spelling issue. I just leave those words as they are (unless I edit a piece) and leave it up to native speakers Wikipedians to bother about this. This is really such a minor issue for us, that there is no need to persist if it is such a major issue for others. As for the choice of the transliteration, especially in the article's names, I only move them when I know what version of the name is prevails in English. Like I moved the article about the Soviet rocket designer called until recently ''Korolev'' to ''Korolyov'' simply because the latter is used in English clearly wider. For subway stations, there is no way to get any meaningful statistics of the English usage. So, I suggest to propose the moves at talk first and wait for a while. It is really not a big deal, is it? --[[User:Irpen|Irpen]] 05:04, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

==Canadian independence==

===Canadian militia=NPOV ==

With Confederation in place and the British garrison gone, Canada assumed full responsibility for its own defence; Britain undertook to send aid in the event of a serious emergency, and the Royal Navy continued to provide oceanic defence. Small professional batteries of artillery were established at Québec and Kingston. In 1883, a third battery of artillery was added, and small professional schools of cavalry and infantry were created. These were intended to provide professional backbone for the much larger force of militia that was to form the bulk of the Canadian defence effort. In theory, every able-bodied man between the ages of 18 and 60 was liable to be conscripted for service, but in practice, the defence of the country rested on the services of volunteers who made up the so-called Active Militia, which in 1869 numbered 31,170 officers and men. During the remaining decades of the century, this force was consolidated, attending summer camps, parading about in colourful uniforms, and occasionally being mustered to serve in times of strikes and other civil emergencies.

... Whilst I might have patriotic POVs, I am against an article not repressinting the other side of the story. NPOV is a wikipedia policy which everyone must adhere to. ... [[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 13:30, 11 November 2005

The most important early tests of the militia were the expeditions against the rebel forces of [[Louis Riel]] in the Canadian west. The [[Wolseley Expedition]], containing a mix of British and militia forces, restored order after the [[Red River Rebellion]] with little violence in 1870. A greater test was the [[North-West Rebellion]] in 1885 that saw the largest military effort undertaken on Canadian soil since the end of the War of 1812. The Rebellion saw a series of battles between the [[Métis]] and their allies against the Militia and [[North West Mounted Police]], from which the government forces emerged victorious.

''(This is copied from my talk page)''--[[User:AndriyK|AndriyK]] 15:56, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

::Please find below some citations of your edits. Just to think once more about NPOV that "is a wikipedia policy which everyone must adhere to."--[[User:AndriyK|AndriyK]] 15:56, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

In 1884, Britain for the first time asked Canada for aid in defending the empire. The mother country asked Canada to send experienced boatmen to the [[Sudan]] to help rescue Major-General [[Charles George Gordon|Charles Gordon]] from the [[Muhammad Ahmad|Mahdi]] uprising. However, Ottawa was reluctant to do this, and eventually [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]] [[Henry Petty-FitzMaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne|Lord Lansdowne]] recruited a private force of 386 [[Voyageur]]s who were placed under the command of Canadian Militia officers. This force, known as the [[Nile Voyageur]]s, served ably in the Sudan and became the first Canadian force to serve abroad.{{ref|Nile}}

::::''It seen the revival of Orthodox religion in 1988 when the millenium celebration of the baptism of Rus marked a turn in the Soviet policy of religion. However afterwards dark times came on it again. In 1992, after Metropolitan of Kiev and all Ukraine Filaret refused to resign, the cathedral became the first building to be captured by the UOC-KP. After the Karkov sinod and with the return of the new Metropolitan of Kiev and all Ukraine Vladimir, members of the neo-fascist UNA-UNSO barrikaded themselves inside the cathedral and refused entry to the new cannonical church leader and several thousand believers who gathered to meet them. Despite numerous protests from all the world Orthodox communities the cathedral is yet to return to the church and is still in the hands of the schismatics.''[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St_Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral&diff=26189124&oldid=25962321]

===South Africa===

The defence of the empire was again an issue when Britain found itself hard pressed in the [[Boer War]] in [[South Africa]]. The British asked for Canadian help in the conflict, and the [[Conservative Party of Canada (historical)|Conservative Party]] was adamantly in favour of raising divisions for service in South Africa. [[French-Canadians]] almost universally opposed the war, as did several other groups. This split the [[Liberal Party of Canada|governing Liberal Party]] deeply, as it relied on both pro-imperial Anglo-Canadians and anti-imperial Franco-Canadians for support. Prime Minister [[Wilfrid Laurier]] initially sent 1,000 soldiers of the [[Royal Canadian Regiment]]. Later, other divisions were sent, including the privately raised [[Lord Strathcona's Horse]].

::::''After the pillage of Kiev by the Mongolian Tatarsin 1180 the cathedral fell into decline and was even taken up by the uniats ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Kiev&diff=prev&oldid=26809258]

The Canadian forces missed the early period of the war and the great British defeats of [[Black Week]]. The Canadians in South Africa won much acclaim for leading the charge at the Second [[Battle of Paardeberg]], one of the first decisive victories of the war. At the [[Battle of Liliefontein]], three Canadians were awarded the [[Victoria Cross]] for protecting the rear of a retreating force. About 7,400 Canadians, including 12 female nurses, served in South Africa. Of these, 224 died, 252 were wounded, and several were decorated with the Victoria Cross. The war remained deeply unpopular in Quebec, where many people viewed it as crushing a democratic minority group, that, in many ways, was similar to French-Canadians. Canadian forces also participated fully in the [[concentration camp]] programs that led to the deaths of thousands of Boer civilians.{{ref|Boer}}

::Do you think your slighting attitude to other confessions is the way how the WP articles should be written?--[[User:AndriyK|AndriyK]] 15:56, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

===Creation of the Canadian navy===

[[Image:HMCS Rainbow.jpg|right|thumb|225px|[[HMCS Rainbow|HMCS ''Rainbow'']] in 1910]]

Soon after the debate over the [[Boer War]], a similar one developed over whether or not Canada should have its own navy. Canada had long had a small fishing protection force attached to the [[Department of Marine and Fisheries]], but relied on Britain for maritime protection. Britain was increasingly engaged in an [[arms race]] with [[Germany]], and in [[1908]], asked the colonies for help with the navy. The Conservative Party of Canada argued that Canada should merely contribute money to the purchase and upkeep of some British [[Royal Navy]] vessels. Some French-Canadian nationalists felt that no aid should be sent; others advocated an independent Canadian navy that could aid the British in times of need.

:::I did not say that I was the perfect example, yet I did not mind people editing my posts so that it be presented in an NPOV way. On the contrary before you people showed up, me and Irpen discussed how to water down the first example. In the end the seizure was agreed upon.

Eventually, Prime Minister Laurier decided to follow this compromise position, and the [[Royal Canadian Navy]] was created in [[1910]]. To appease imperialists, the [[Naval Service Act]] included a provision that in case of emergency, the fleet could be turned over to the British. This provision led to the strenuous opposition to the bill by Quebec nationalist [[Henri Bourassa]]. The bill set a goal of building a navy composed of five [[cruiser]]s and six [[destroyer]]s. The first two ships were the [[HMCS Niobe|''Niobe'']] and [[HMCS Rainbow|''Rainbow'']], somewhat aged and outdated vessels purchased from the British. With the election of the Conservatives in [[1911]], in part because the Liberals had lost support in Quebec, the navy was starved for funds, but during the [[First World War]], it was greatly expanded and played an important role in both the [[Atlantic]] and [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]].

:::What I do not understand is how my extensive contribution about Sophia is a breach of NPOV. Поясни.

==World Wars==

[[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 16:25, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

===World War I===

[[Image:Canadian WWI recruiting poster.jpg|right|thumb|225px|A Canadian WWI [[recruiting poster]]]]

On [[August 4]], [[1914]], Britain entered WWI by declaring war on Germany. The British declaration of war automatically brought Canada into the war, because it was still part of the British Empire. However, the Canadian government had the freedom to determine the country's level of involvement in the war. Canada eventually sent [[List of Canadian divisions in WWI|five divisions]] to fight on the [[Western Front]].

== Mediation concerning [[St Volodymyr's Cathedral]] ==

In the later stages of the war, the [[Canadian Corps]], like the [[Australian Corps]], was regarded as among the most effective and respected of the armies on the [[Western Front]], possibly because the Commonwealth armies were healthier and often less fatigued than the larger European armies. Indeed, in the aftermath of the [[Battle of the Somme]], the [[Canadian Corps]] developed a reputation as [[shock troops]] which were feared by the [[Germans]]. Given this fact, in 1916 the United Kingdom even made use of specific Canadian help to defend the British colonies of the West Indies from the Germany navy with many Canadian forces being stationed on the island of [[Saint Lucia]] to help defend from a possible German navy attack.

I propose to ask for official mediation to resolve the dispute concerning [[St Volodymyr's Cathedral]] article. Whould you agree?--[[User:AndriyK|AndriyK]] 18:08, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

Without [[conscription]], the Canadian force was limited to those dedicated enough to enlist. The high point of Canadian military achievement came at the [[Battle of Vimy Ridge]] on [[April 9]], [[1917]], during which Canadian troops captured a fortified German hill that had resisted British and French attacks earlier in the war. Vimy, as well as the success of the Canadian flying aces [[William Barker]] and [[Billy Bishop]], helped to give Canada a new sense of identity. As a result of the war, the Canadian government became more assertive and less deferential to British authority, because many Canadians were dismayed by what they saw as British command failures.

:Not that I am against but then we pretty much have setteled everything there is to settle, I mean if it is something as petty as Kyiv vs Kiev then it is laughable at mediating that (considering the length this article travelled), but if that's how you want to end it, fine by me. [[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 18:12, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

I've got an e-mail from the mediator. Please check your mailsbox so that we can start the dispute resolution.--[[User:AndriyK|AndriyK]] 15:31, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

The other major combatants had all introduced conscription to replace the massive casualties they were suffering. Spearheaded by [[Sir Robert Borden]] who wished to maintain the continuity of Canada's contribution to [[WWI]] and with a burgeoning pressure to introduce and enforce conscription, the [[Military Service Act]] was ratified. Although the [[conscription]] was seen as strongly favourable in English Canada, the idea was deeply unpopular in [[Quebec]]. In the end, the conscription policy raised about 120,000 conscript, of whom about 47,000 actually went overseas. Indeed, the [[Conscription Crisis of 1917]] did much to highlight the divisions between French and English-speaking [[Canadians]], which still continue to this day.

== Balachka ==

Despite the rancour, the [[Conscription Crisis of 1917]] did not hinder Prime Minister [[Robert Borden]]'s political career, for in the following election of that year, [[Borden]]'s Union government won 153 seats, nearly all from English Canada. However, of [[Quebec]]'s 65 seats, [[Borden]]'s government won only 3.

I've never heard of [[Balachka]], until you mentioned it in some discussion recently. It sounds like an interesting article topic. Would you create a stub? ''—[[User:Mzajac |Michael]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Mzajac |Z.]]&nbsp;<small>2005-11-12&nbsp;22:20&nbsp;Z</small>''

By the end of the war, Canada lost over half the number of people as did the United States. For a nation of eight million people, Canada's war effort was widely regarded as remarkable. A total of 619,636 men and women served in the Canadian forces in the First World War, and of these 66,655 were killed and another 172,950 were wounded.

: Basically it is not a language, it is a dialect which we cossacks speak, it is similar to Ukranian/Russian mix (although nothing like the surzhik dialect) but volcabulary is solely Russian (ie флаг is used instead of прапор, аnd Дворец instead of Палац etc) although some ecxeptions exist e.g. Червоны(е) Рассийски(е) Ю(г)а. differences exist mostly in the sounds of Г, В, and О. Moreover the dialect varies so much from stanitsa to stanitsa (and the older generations in particular) that there really is no common version of it. For instance in some places the e at the end is muffled others clearly pronounce it. Well anyway here are some examples:

Take pronounciation of cities: Харькаф, Ки'иф, Петербург (the g at the end is pronounced solid, not like h)

After World War I, several units in the Canadian army were sent to [[Russia]], rather than back home, to aid the [[White Russians]] in the [[Russian Civil War]]. These troops were based in [[Vladivostok]] and saw little combat before they withdrew, along with other foreign forces.

Да шо ты мне (х)оворишь (if there is an h sound then it is very short although in my stanitsa it simply muffled)? Сам знаю шо наши Рус'ськи(э) казачки красние фсех, хотя балтиливые. The э sound at the end of that word is said very briefly but destinguishable.

Some important WWI battles which contributed to the development of [[Canada]]'s identity include: [[Battle of Vimy Ridge]], [[Second Battle of Ypres]], [[Battle of the Somme]], [[Battle of Arras]].

-Вот был Сталин, да по'аладали потом по'ое'али, но при этам было щастьи а потом умник Хрущоф

The participation of Canadian Forces in the battles is commemorated at eight memorials in France and Belgium. Two of the eight are unique in design: the giant white [[Vimy Memorial]] and the distinctive Brooding Soldier at the [[Saint Julien Memorial]]. The other six follow a standard pattern of granite monuments surrounded by a circular path. They are the [[Hill 62 Memorial]] and [[Passchendaele Memorial]] in Belgium, and the [[Bourlon Wood Memorial]], [[Courcelette Memorial]], [[Dury Memorial]], and [[Le Quesnel Memorial]] in France.

-Хрющиф чорт е'о падрал

Since [[Newfoundland]] was a [[Dominion]] during WWI and not part of Canada until [[1949]], there are separate war memorials to commemorate the actions of the soldiers of Newfoundland in the Great War. The largest are the [[Beaumont Hamel|Beaumont-Hamel Newfoundland Memorial]] and the [[Newfoundland National War Memorial|National War Memorial]] in [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]].

-Ща ты у миня будеш Хрюкать оГда пад маей шашкай акажишся...Вот взял и ород-ерой (alternatively g's if pronounced are used - no h substitute) СталинГрад периминавал В-Ол'ГоГрад (here is a good example where an В sound is pronounced and also the O sound is fully sounded and streched for longer than in normal Russian) Other examples of BO sound different: сем, осим, девять.

===World War II===

[[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 01:04, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

{{main|Military history of Canada during World War II}}

[[Image:Canadian forces in Italy.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Canadian forces in Italy advancing from the [[Gustav Line]] to the [[Hitler Line]]]]

Following the German invasion of Poland on [[September 1]], [[1939]], Canada's Parliament supported the government's decision to declare war on Germany on [[September 10]], about one week after the United Kingdom and France. Canadian airmen played an important role in the [[Battle of Britain]], the [[Royal Canadian Navy]] and the Canadian merchant marine played a crucial role in the [[Battle of the Atlantic (1940)]]. A large number of Canadian forces were involved in the failed [[Battle of Hong Kong|defence of Hong Kong]]. Troops of the [[2nd Canadian Infantry Division]] also played a leading role in the disastrous [[Dieppe Raid]] in August 1942. The [[1st Canadian Division]] and tanks of the independent 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade landed on Sicily in July 1943 and after a thirty eight day campaign there, took part in the successful [[Allied invasion of Italy]]. Canadian forces played an important role in the long advance north through Italy, eventually coming under their own corps headquarters after Fifth Canadian Armoured Division joined them on the line in early 1944.

: Thanks. That's interesting; I can see the Ukrainian connection, although some of it is puzzling since I don't know Russian. Is the akanye usually spelt out, as in "Харькаф"? ''—[[User:Mzajac |Michael]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Mzajac |Z.]]&nbsp;<small>2005-11-13&nbsp;05:04&nbsp;Z</small>''

On [[June 6]], [[1944]], the 3rd Canadian Division (supported by tanks of the independent 2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade) landed on [[Juno Beach]] in the [[Battle of Normandy]]. Canadian Airborne troops had also landed earlier in the day behind the beaches. Resistance on Juno was fierce, and casualties were high in the assault waves; by day's end, however, the Canadians had made the deepest penetrations inland of any of the five seaborne invasion forces. The Canadians went on to play an important role in the subsequent fighting in Normandy, with the [[2nd Canadian Infantry Division]] coming ashore in July and the 4th Armoured Division in August. In the meantime, both a corps headquarters (II Canadian Corps) and eventually an army headquarters - for the first time in Canadian military history - were activated. One of the most important Canadian contributions to the war effort was in the [[Battle of the Scheldt]], where First Canadian Army defeated an entrenched German force at great cost to help open [[Antwerp]] to Allied shipping.

::It is spelled out using Moscovite Russian translit here, balachka has no grammar or language, we write in Russian (although some stanitsas use the pre-1918 grammar), also it is spoken very quickly. [[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 14:51, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

First Canadian Army fought in two more large campaigns; the Rhineland in February and March 1945, clearing a path to the [[Rhine River]] in anticipation of the assault crossing of that obstacle, and the subsequent battles on the far side of the [[Rhine River|Rhine]] in the last weeks of the war. The I Canadian Corps returned to Northwest Europe from Italy in early 1945, and as part of a reunited First Canadian Army assisted in the liberation of The Netherlands (including the rescue of many Dutch from near-starvation conditions) and the invasion of [[Germany]] itself.

==[[Wikipedia:Requests_for_adminship/Halibutt]]==

Of a population just over eleven million, more than one and a half million Canadians served in the Second World War. Of these more than 45,000 gave their lives, and another 55,000 were wounded. Countless others shared the suffering and hardship of war. By the end of the war Canada was the fourth strongest military power in the world behind only the USA, the USSR and Britain.

I think you would be interested in voting here, especially as there are voices that Halibutt is an anti-Russian (Ukrainian, etc.) POV-pusher. --[[User:Ghirlandajo|Ghirlandajo]] 23:30, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

==Multilateralism and peacekeeping==

:Don't know really, I was not here long enough to become in contact with Halibutt, so I shall withhold for the time being. Anyway you seem to have a strong case against him. [[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 23:50, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

Soon after the end of the Second World War, the [[Cold War]] began. As a founding member of [[NATO]] and a signatory to the [[NORAD]] treaty with the US, Canada committed itself to the alliance against the [[Communist bloc]]. Canadian troops were stationed in Germany throughout the Cold War, and Canada joined with the Americans to erect defences against Soviet attack, such as the [[DEW Line]]. As a [[middle power]], Canadian policy makers realized that Canada could do little militarily on its own, and thus a policy of [[multilateralism]] was adopted whereby Canada would only join military efforts as part of a large coalition. Canada also chose to stay out of several wars, despite the participation of close allies, most notably the [[Vietnam War]] and the [[Second Iraq War]], although Canada lent indirect support and Canadians citizens served in foreign armies in both conflicts. The postwar period saw a major reorganization when, in 1968, the three forces were merged into the [[Canadian Forces]]. (See also [[Canada and the Cold War]], [[Canada and the Vietnam War]] and [[Canada and the Iraq War]]).

::Ok. I don't have a case against Halibutt. As I explained on his talk page, I will even support him the next time around. But he should learn to dissociate himself from nationalist trolls like Molobo or Space Cadet. If you have had troubles with Molobo, please add the summary of his abuses to my note [[User_talk:Dbachmann#Molobo's RfAr|here]]. I believe we should stand united against his nationalist spree. Thanks, [[User:Ghirlandajo|Ghirlandajo]] 14:31, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

==A bit more on the metro==

===Canada in Korea===

Hi there. I have a couple minor questions on your metro project, [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ulitsa_Podbelskogo&curid=2197317&diff=28587939&oldid=28587890 this edit] in particular. The first one I meant to ask for a while now&mdash;it's regarding the names of the architects. You've been using their initials so far, which is understandable, considering that's probably what most of your sources are using. You do, however, also wikilink them. Now, I don't really know much about those people, but do you think they are notable enough to ever have their own articles? My point is, if the only thing they are famous for is the station(s) they designed, maybe there is no need to link their names, especially when only the last name and initials are known. Anyway, that's just my thought.

After the Second World War, Canada rapidly demobilized. When the [[Korean War]] broke out, Canada needed several months to bring its military forces up to strength, and eventually formed part of [[British Commonwealth Forces Korea]]. Canadian land forces thus missed most of the early back-and-forth campaigns because they did not arrive until 1951, when the attrition phase of the war had largely started. Canadian troops fought as part of the [[1st Commonwealth Division]], and distinguished themselves at the [[Battle of Kapyong]] and in other land engagements. [[HMCS Haida|HMCS ''Haida'']] and other ships of the Royal Canadian Navy were in active service in the Korean conflict.

The second question is regarding the external links section. I'm not sure why you didn't like my wording ("the description of the station on..."), and I'm not going to concern myself with this, but having a note in parentheses indicating that the link leads to the site which is not in English is a common courtesy to the reader. I've read too many interesting articles that made me hungry for more, only to discover that most of the links in the external links section are to the sites written in Chinese, Dutch, or Hebrew. I admit that not many editors concern themselves with these minor details, but since you are developing quite a few articles from scratch, perhaps you'd consider it? Besides, it's often a combination of both content and those minor details that creates a synergy of a great article.&mdash;[[User:Ezhiki|Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis)]] 14:47, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

Canada sent over 25,000 troops to fight in Korea. There were 1,558 Canadian casualties, including 516 dead. Korea has often been described as "The Forgotten War", because for most Canadians it is overshadowed by the Canadian contributions to the two world wars. Canada is a signatory to the original 1953 armistice, but did not keep a garrison in South Korea after the fighting ended.{{ref|korea}}

:I did not wikilink them as I did not write the original article. Sorry about the removal of the description of the links, that was a typo. But why did you revert my translits, I mean since as you said none is right I just wanted to clarify them. Besides Krasniye vs Krasnye is much more logical considering that Y is not a vowel and is not suitable to substitute Ы since the index Ye is used to substute any E that's after a vowel and hence ЫЕ ЫЙ should be translited as IYE and IY consisdering there is no Ы in english anyway, and in my opinion the Y is overused in Russian to english translits anyway. -ий, -ый, й, ы, е. Give I a chance!!![[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 17:21, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

===Peacekeeping===

::Sorry, my bad&mdash;it was me myself who added the wikilinks (duh!). That was in hopes someone would come and put the full names in. But since you obviously know the topic&mdash;do you think it'd be better to replace initials with full names and leave the names linked, or would it be better to simply remove the wikilinks because most of the metro stations architects were not all that notable?

Closely related to Canada's commitment to multilateralism has been its strong support for [[peacekeeping]] efforts. Canadian [[Nobel Peace Prize]] laureate [[Lester B. Pearson]] is considered to be the father of modern United Nations Peacekeeping, and Canada has a long history of participation in these missions. Canada participated in every UN peacekeeping effort from when they began until 1989, and has since then continued to play a major role.{{ref|peacekeeping}} More than 125,000 Canadians have served in some 50 UN peacekeeping missions since 1949, with 116 deaths. As of 2005 however, Canada ranked 33rd on the list of peacekeepers in the world, committing only 300 troops, having greatly declined since 1995.[http://www.polarisinstitute.org/pubs/neverenough.pdf]

:::Not notable? Nina Aleshina, Robert Pogreboi, Alexandr Dushkin... [[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 20:38, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

The first Canadian peacekeeping mission, even before the creation of the formal UN system, was a 1948 mission to [[Kashmir]]. Other important missions include the long stay in [[Cyprus]], observation missions in the [[Sinai]] and [[Golan Heights]], and the [[NATO]] mission in [[Bosnia]]. The 1993 Canadian response to [[Operation Medak pocket]] in Bosnia was the largest battle fought by Canadian forces since the Korean War.{{ref|medak}} One of the darkest moments in recent Canadian military history occurred during the humanitarian mission to [[Somalia]] in 1993, when Canadian soldiers beat a Somali teenager to death, leading to the [[Somalia Affair]]. Following an inquiry, the elite [[The Canadian Airborne Regiment|Canadian Airborne Regiment]] was disbanded and the reputation of the Canadian Forces suffered within Canada.

::::Being less than a fan of Moscow and its history, I wouldn't know. Surely, some of the architects mentioned in the metro articles are far less notable than the others. Anyway, I'm leaving this up to your judgement to delink those people who do not deserve articles of their own. All I wanted to do their was to bring someone's attention to incomplete names.&mdash;[[User:Ezhiki|Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis)]] 22:03, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

::Thanks for the clarification on the external links format, too.

===Gulf War, Kosovo and Afghanistan===

::As for the transliteration (sigh), I did indeed mention that no existing system is "correct" (as well as "incorrect"). The question is again consistency. Yes, we can theoretically use "i" for "ы", but notice, however, that neither ISO-9, nor ALA-LC, nor Allworth, nor BGN/PCGN, nor even GOST systems do so. They all use "y". This is, simply put, a tradition. Why invent new rules? Do you really want to introduce ''yet another transliteration'' system to the slew of already existing ones? In the hindsight, the act of modifying BGN/PCGN (slightly!) for Wikipedia was probably not the best idea, but it was only done because using "y" to indicate "-ый" and "-ий" endings is so common when transliterating Russian into English, and because "yy" for "-ый" looks awful to an English-speaking reader. It makes sense, but it introduced elements of transcription into otherwise clean transliteration system. Substituting "i" for "ы" will add another one&mdash;but in this case the question is&mdash;why? It is certainly not traditional, and is not even more common (just google for "krasniye" vs "krasnye", or "chistiye" vs "chistye").

[[Image:canadian_soldiers_afghanistan.jpg|thumb|300px|Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan]]

::I hope my explanations make sense to you. You won't believe how many times I had similar conversations in the past. So far I've been able to persuade those people that the system currently in place, while definitely not perfect, is the best for Wikipedia considering 1)&nbsp;the number of articles that already use it; 2)&nbsp;the traditions of transliterating Russian into ''English'' (this is English Wikipedia, so the other languages do not really matter much); 3)&nbsp;the fact that the output is so much readable to an English-speaking person; and 4)&nbsp;it can easily be decoded back to Cyrillics even despite some transcription elements.

The 1991 [[Gulf War]] was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations, led by the US. The result was a decisive victory of the coalition forces. Canada was one of the first nations to agree to condemn Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait, and promptly agreed to join the US-led coalition. In August, [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Brian Mulroney]] sent the destroyers [[HMCS Terra Nova|HMCS ''Terra Nova'']] and [[HMCS Athabaskan|HMCS ''Athabaskan'']] to enforce the trade blockade against Iraq. The supply ship [[HMCS Protecteur|HMCS ''Protecteur'']] was sent to aid the gathering coalition forces. When the UN authorized full use of force in the operation, Canada sent a [[CF18]] squadron with support personnel. The nation sent a field hospital to deal with casualties from the ground war. When the air war began, Canada's planes were integrated into the coalition force and provided air cover and attacked ground targets. This was the first time since the [[Korean War]] that its forces had participated in combat operations. Canada suffered no casualties during the conflict, but since its end, many veterans have complained of suffering from [[Gulf War Syndrome]].

::Please let me know if you wish to discuss this further. I am more than willing to. Take care,&nbsp;&mdash;[[User:Ezhiki|Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis)]] 18:32, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

:::It is not the question of what is commonly used, it is a question of what is correct, I mean the fact that Y is used instead of I whilst there is no ы sound in english at all is not my convention but then hey Galen was used up until 15th century before Versailles corrected him, so conventions make little difference to me, they will make even less difference to an English user, but the overwhelming preference to Y will, especially in since most of the sounds can be split easilly replaced by I. I mean compare Izmaylovsky Park to Izmailovskiy Park. You are saying that an english person will be fully alright and forgiven for saying ИзмаЫловскЫ Парк or Красн'йe Ворота. No wonder that so many foreigners can't pronounce and read Russian correctly. In addition what is Й in Russian? И-Краткое, ie ''I''-Short, so why use Y for it? [[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 20:38, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

Canada participated as a member of NATO in the [[Kosovo War]].

::::As far as "correct" goes, let me remind you that Wikipedia is not here to push correct spellings, but to represent common trends (I'll dig you a link to a specific policy, if you don't believe me). In that regards, "Kyiv" is also correct, and "Kiev"&mdash;incorrect, yet the article is at [[Kiev]] because that's what the majority of people uses. By your logic, the best way to handle Russian names is to provide phonetic transcription instead of transliteration. Surely IPA is more "correct" by your standards than any of the translit system I described above. But, transliteration, unlike transcription, renders the original name in letters the reader knows and in ways the reader can understand. Tell me, what makes ''Izmailovskiy Park'' superior to ''Izmaylovsky Park''? Following your example, it can just as easily be converted by an uninformed reader back to ''ИзмаИловскиЫ'', which is equally incorrect. Would you rather see ''Izmailovskii''? Same thing, it can be converted to ''ИзмаиловскиИ''&mdash;again, incorrect (and that is not to mention that we merely traded one ambiguity for another). What about ''Krasniye''? Why do you accept the possibility of it being read as ''КраснИе''? Face it, there is '''NO''' correct way to transliterate Russian, not if we accept your definition of "correct". In which case, why not stick with something that worked before, is working now, is not an artificial invention, and is accepted by the majority of people? I '''really''' want to hear what you have to say now.

::::As for the "y" being used to transliterate "й"&mdash;in modern English "y" is a consonant that sometimes acts as a vowel, which pretty much makes it a semi-vowel. "Й" is also a semi-vowel. To me, that's a perfect match. I'm sure that the authors of all major transliteration systems followed the same logic.&mdash;[[User:Ezhiki|Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis)]] 22:03, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

Canada joined a US coalition in the [[2001 Attack on Afghanistan]]. The war was a response to the [[September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks]], with the goal to defeat the [[Taliban]] government and rout [[Al-Qaeda]]. Canada sent [[Canadian special forces|special forces]] and ground troops to the conflict. Four Canadians were killed in [[Afghanistan friendly fire incident|a friendly fire incident]] when an American plane bombed a group of Canadian soldiers. In this war, a Canadian [[sniper]] set the world record for longest distance kill. After the war, Canada formed an important part of the NATO-led peacekeeping force.

:::::Kiev and Kyiv is more a question of familiarity and the comparison is more like Moscow and Moskva. I agree that it will be impossible to fully transliterate Russian into English (although it is possible to do it into Spanish and German where you have the J). In terms of pronounciaciaon of Izmailovskiy lets remeber that I in english is not limited to the и sound, in fact the sound can also be achieved in ee and ei and other examples, so why limit i to и, so why should it become in Russo-English translit. Moreover Измаиловский is actually not entirely incorrect (depending on which Russian accent you take). Anyway since "history" has made it that y represents Ы, then so be it, but representing other sounds, I can't see the disadvantage of not clarifying something like -ий with -iy. Finally I don't expect foreigners get the Ы sound at all, and most substitute with И anyway. I personally have herd them say Красние Ворота and I am alright with that but when they see something like Izmaylovsky Park most say Измаиловски Парк, I consider that to be a much more serious mistake than Красние Ворота, because this is not due to their mother tongue not having these sounds, but due to the transliteration that is given to them. Don't get me wrong I am against -ii and -yy to duplicate -ий and -ый. I thing that the former in particular should be differentiated from the latter by -iy and -yi or -yj respectivelly. Finally in relation to the Krasniye vorota. Note that the letter E has always been made very clear by (guess what) by using the Y, after a vowel it like in Alekseyevskaya and Belyayevo (I don't even want to imagine how many incorrect ways that can be pronounced), so how does Krasnye Vorota fits into this is the y used for the Ы or the E (and I'll finish with saying I have herd Красне Ворота before)[[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 23:05, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

In 2003, Canada refused to take part in the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] unless it was approved by the [[United Nations]]. This decision, popular in most of Canada, upset the Bush administration. Since the American invasion, Canada has had warships in Gulf area as part of [[Operation Apollo]]. Their presence is justified by Canada's commitment to NATO and UN resolutions.

::::::Using "-iy" to represent "-ий" (but not "-ый") is actually all right, even within current policy. In the end, this is the matter of personal taste. I personally like to use "y" anyway (for, you guessed right, consistency sake), but "-iy" has equal rights.

::::::As for "Krasnye Vorota", "ye" for "-ые" here is used for the same reason why "yy" is not used for "-ый", which is to avoid ugliness of double y. What's more, in these borderline cases "ye" is used more often than "yye" (see google, as well as the article on [[Naberezhnye Chelny]]). So basically to conform with policies we should either use "Krasnye" (because it's more common use) or "Krasnyye" (to stick with the translit guidelines; also note that Encarta uses this convention). "Krasniye" may seem as a good idea, but, as I mentioned above, such variant is not used by any major transliteration system, and Wikipedia should mirror common knowledge/use (to the point where it does not contradict the facts, of course) instead of inventing new conventions. Again, the final variant boils to the personal preference. As for foreigners pronouncing stuff incorrectly&mdash;well, they are foreigners, they would pronounce things incorrectly and/or with accent even if transliteration were perfect.

::::::Anyway, I will try to compile a list of most common objections to and questions about [[Transliteration of Russian into English|current Wikipedia transliteraton system]]. I should have probably done it long ago, because having the same conversation over and over, only with different people every time, is really a chore. If you want to suggest any objections/questions for such a list, feel free to drop me a note or just continue commenting here. Thanks.&mdash;[[User:Ezhiki|Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis)]] 02:11, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

== Ulitsa 1905 Goda ==

==See also==

*[[List of conflicts in Canada]]

*[[Military of Canada]]

*[[History of Canada]]

*[[Military history]]

*[[Canadian War Museum]]

*[[Colonial Militia in Canada]]

*[[List of Canadian Victoria Cross winners]]

*[[Canada and the American Civil War]]

*[[Canada and the Vietnam War]]

*[[Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion]] - Canada and the [[Spanish Civil War]]

I think Ulitsa Tysyacha Devyatsot Pyatogo (1905) Goda should be shortened to Ulitsa 1905 Goda since "Ulitsa Tysyacha Devyatsot Pyatogo (1905) Goda" is rather long for an article title and makes the TKL template uncomfortably wide. I don't see any advantage to spelling out 1905, especially since "Ulitsa 1905 Goda" is the spelling commonly used elsewhere, including Metro signs. [[User:Camerafiend|Camerafiend]] 01:43, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

==Notes==

#{{note|FN}} Desmond Morton, ''A Military History of Canada.'' pg. 2

#{{note|adopt}} Armstrong Starkey. ''European and Native American Warfare.'' pg. 21

#{{note|surr}} Starkey pg. 28

#{{note|scalp}} Starkey pg. 29

#{{note|NewFrance}} René Chartrand, ''Canadian Military Heritage.'' vol 1. pg. 17

#{{note|Virginia}} Jack Granatstein ''Canada's Army'' pg. 28

#{{note|annex}} Stuart, ch. 3. For U.S. war aims, see also Reginald Horsman, "On to Canada: Manifest Destiny and United States Strategy in the War of 1812" in ''The Michigan Historical Review'', 13:2 (Fall 1987), pp. 1-24.

#{{note|1812}} Granatstein has a great deal on the often incorrect Canadian perspectives on the War of 1812

#{{note|fenpop}} Wilfried Neidhardt. ''Fenianism in North America.'' pg. 48

#{{note|Seward}} Neidhardt pg. 30

#{{note|camps}} Neidhardt pg. 15

#{{note|Fenians}} Senior, Hereward. ''The Last Invasion of Canada: the Fenian raids, 1866-1870.'' Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1991.

#{{note|Nile}} Stephen J. Harris "Nile Voyageurs." ''The Oxford Companion to Canadian History.'' Gerald Hallowell, ed. Don Mills: Oxford University Press, 2004.

#{{note|Boer}} Carman Miller, ''Painting the Map Red: Canada and the South African War, 1899-1902.'' Montreal: Canadian War Museum, 1993.

#{{note|WWII}} David Bercuson ''Maple Leaf Against the Axis: Canada's Second World War.'' Stoddart, 1995.

#{{note|korea}} David Bercuson. ''Blood on the Hills: the Canadian Army in the Korean War.'' Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999.

#{{note|peacekeeping}} Morton pg. 258

#{{note|medak}} [http://www.cda-cdai.ca/library/medakpocket2.htm ''Professionalism Under Fire: Canadian Implementation of the Medak Pocket Agreement, Croatia 1993''], by Lee A. Windsor

:But not how its pronounced in the loudspeakers, anyway I don't really mind, but certainly spell it fully out on the article.[[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 08:41, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

==References==

*[[David Bercuson|Bercuson, David J.]] ''Maple Leaf Against the Axis: Canada's Second World War.'' Stoddart, 1995.

*Bercuson, David Jay and J.L. Granatstein. ''Dictionary of Canadian Military History.'' Don Mills: Oxford University Press Canada, 1992.

*Chartrand, René. ''Canadian Military Heritage.'' Montréal: Art Global, 1993.

*[[Gwynne Dyer|Dyer, Gwynne]] and Tina Viljoen. ''The Defence of Canada.'' Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1990.

*[[Jack Granatstein|Granatstein, J. L.]] ''Canada's Army: Waging War and Keeping the Peace.'' Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002.

*[[Desmond Morton (historian)|Morton, Desmond]]. ''A Military History of Canada.'' Toronto: M&S, 1999.

* Stacey, C.P. ''The Canadian Army 1939–1945: an Official Historical Summary.'' Ottawa: by authority of the Minister of National Defence, 1948.

*Stuart, Reginald C. ''United States Expansionism and British North America, 1775–1871''. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1988. ISBN 0-8078-1767-8

* Carmichael, Dr. Trevor A. 2001. ''Passport to the Heart: Reflections on Canada Caribbean Relations''. Ian Randle Publishers, Kingston 6, Jamaica. ISBN 976-637-028-1 [http://www.david-kilgour.com/secstate/passport.htm The book's Forward passage], [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4000/is_200207/ai_n9131167 synopsis]

::Thanks, the template looks a lot better. [[User:Camerafiend|Camerafiend]] 02:08, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

==External links==

*[http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/cwme.asp Canadian War Museum]

*[http://history.cbc.ca/histicons/ CBC "Canada: A People's History" includes military history]

*[http://www.sfu.ca/casr/101-0intro.htm DND 101 (Department of National Defence primer)]

*[http://www.canadiansoldiers.com canadiansoldiers.com]

==Volyn Crop and [[Holodomor]]==

[[Category:Military history of Canada|*]]

Hi Kazak, that's an interesting point that you're rising. I think the good places to check for this would be [http://www.archiwa.gov.pl/?CIDA=43 National Archives] or [http://www.aan.gov.pl/index2.htm The New Archives] (but the latter don't seem to have an English version online) or maybe [http://www.stat.gov.pl/english/index.htm Central Statistical Office]. Your question seems intriguing and I'll try to investigate it but it's going to take some time, as I'm rather busy these days. Also, we have to remeber that wikipedia is not a place for original research, so we should be rather basing on other authors' works. As far as I know there's been no famine in the 1930-s in Western Ukraine, so that would seem to confirm that the famine in Eastern Ukraine at that time had to be politically driven rather than a natural disaster. As for neutral historians (that is not Polish/Russian/Ukrainian), I've checked that Norman Davies in his "God's Playground" writes that Ukrainians in Poland at that time were horrified at their neighbours across the border starving to death. This would also confirm that it was not a natural famine, but one that was artificially made. Cheers for now. --[[User:Wojsyl|Wojsyl]] ^{([[User talk:Wojsyl|talk]])} 10:20, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

[[io:Militala historio di Kanada]]

[[fr:Histoire militaire du Canada]]

== Congratulations! ==

Just want to congratulate you and your wife [[User:Alex Bakharev|abakharev]] 08:09, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

::Thank you. Summer 2006. [[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 22:54, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

== Architects ==

== Architects' initials ==

What exactly is the problem with giving the initials of the Moscow Metro architects? [[User:Camerafiend|Camerafiend]] 01:15, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

:I hope Kazak does not mind me answering this question for him (since it was me bugging him about it in the first place). Actually, there is really no problem. It is just preferable to give full names, if they are known. If they are not known, then, of course, initials are better than nothing, but in that case the names should probably not be wikilinked.&mdash;[[User:Ezhiki|Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis)]] 01:55, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

::I suggest we leave it as surnames alone, and besides official names of Russians are never given (in Wikipedia) with their (son of ) "middle" name. So if giving initials, then just the first name.[[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 08:31, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

==RfAr==

An [[Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration#Community vs. User:AndriyK|arbitration request]] against [[User:AndriyK]] has been filed. If you intend to participate/co-sign, please add your name to the "Involved parties" section and write a statement.&mdash;[[User:Ezhiki|Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis)]] 18:00, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

== Question ==

Are Kuban kazaks Russians, Ukrainians or Kazaks?

IMO it is Russian sub-ethnical group.

RGRDS

[[User:Ben-Velvel|Ben-Velvel]] 14:05, 24 November 2005 (UTC)

We are Cossacks. Кубанские Казаки. Checl 2002 census.

My opinion: the followng people Velikorossians, Malorossians, Belorossians, Pomorians, Carpathian Ruthenians and Cossacks are just the different variations of the Russian slavic group. The fact that in 1917 the term Russian was privatised to the Velikorossians is the source of confusion. Cossacks in the 1926 census could not decide where they belong and as they are neither Veliko or Malorossians, culturally and ethnically. Most of the Cossacks by default were turned into Russians (Don, Terek, Ural etc). With us Kubanese when faced with question Russian and Ukranians they would have digested it as Veliko or Malorossians? Well we are neither and there are countless ethnographical accounts which say that Cossacks are a subgroup and do not belong to either side of the eastern slavic branches. In 1926 they would have said we are Cossacks, the census people after their failed attempt to lingustically destinguish the population simply split them, 50:50 and called for further research. Thereby the census itself concludes that the data is provisionary. The fact that US government can't understand that is not surprising, I mean there is a destinct percentage of the US population that thinks in our country winter is all year round and bears walk on our streets.[[User:Kuban kazak|Kuban kazak]] 17:57, 24 November 2005 (UTC)

What an original point of view! I must write it down. It can be used as smart joke. Especialy this part: "...Carpathian Ruthenians... variation of Rissian slavic group..." LOL!!! Did you tell them already? I think you should, Kazak - they struggle to find identity for a long time already.--[[User:Oleh Petriv|Oleh Petriv]] 02:00, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

== Dnipro ==

Kazak, I would gladly take into account your suggestions, but unfortunately I have low credibility in them. Even if I'm only few days here, on English Wikipedia, I have formed my opinion already on your style of writing and changes as well as couple of other "brothers" like Ghirlandajo. Sorry for being so direct. I will talk over the issue about names with Irpen. He seems to be reasonable person. And don't worry too much about poor Anglophones. In this case this excuse in nothing more than a way to promote or pro-Russian point of view.--[[User:Oleh Petriv|Oleh Petriv]] 01:56, 25 November 2005 (UTC)