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'''''The Canon of Medicine''''' is a book by [[Avicenna]] (Ibn Sina), considered the most famous single book in the [[history of medicine]]. Since he lived in [[Persia]] in the [[10th century]], it is hard to imagine that ''Canon of Medicine'' remains a reliable [[Medicine|medical]] source today. The Canon of Medicine is also known as the ''Qanun'', which means the law in [[Arab|Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]]. It has set the standards for Medicine in Europe for centuries, and is the great Persians' well-renowned masterpiece. Through it Ibn Sina is now known to be the father of modern-day medicine. The principles of medicine described by him ten [[century|centuries]] ago in this book, are still taught at [[UCLA]] and [[Yale]], among others, as part of the history of medicine.
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Ibn Sina's compendium of medical knowledge guide to clinical teaching, was based upon writings of [[Galen]] but infused with [[Arab|Arabic]] medical [[lore]] and personal experience. In his book he determined the causes of [[health]] and [[disease]]s. Ibn Sina believed that the [[human body]] cannot be restored to health unless the [[causes]] of both health and disease are determined.
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He stated that Medicine (''tibb'') is the [[science]] by which we learn the various states of the human body when in health and when not in health, and the means by which health is likely to be lost, and when lost, is likely to be restored. In other words, medicine is the science whereby health is conserved and the art whereby it is restored after being lost.
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Avicenna regarded the causes of good health and diseases to be:
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(There are many other sources that explain his concepts in depth and are accessible through the world-wide web in medical and Islamic sites)
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The ''Qanun'' distinguishes [[mediastinitis]] from [[pleurisy]] and recognises the [[contagious]] nature of phthisis ([[tuberculosis]] of the lung) and the [[spread of disease]] by water and soil. It gives a scientific [[diagnosis]] of [[ankylostomiasis]] and attributes the condition to an intestinal worm. The ''Qanun'' points out the importance of [[diet (nutrition)|dietetics]], the influence of [[climate]] and [[environment]] on health and the surgical use of oral [[anaesthetic]]s. Ibn Sina advised [[surgery|surgeons]] to treat [[cancer]] in its earliest stages, ensuring the removal of all the diseased tissue. The ''Qanun'' 's ''materia medica'' considers some 760 [[drugs]], with comments on their application and effectiveness. He recommended the [[animal testing|testing]] of a new drug on animals and humans prior to general use.
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Ibn Sina noted the close relationship between [[emotions]] and the physical condition and felt that [[music]] had a definite physical and psychological effect on patients. Of the many [[psychological disorder]]s that he described in the ''Qanun'', one is of unusual interest: [[love]] sickness! Ibn Sina is reputed to have diagnosed this condition in a Prince in Jurjan who lay sick and whose malady had baffled local doctors. Ibn Sina noted a fluttering in the Prince's pulse when the address and name of his [[beloved]] were mentioned. The great doctor had a simple remedy: unite the sufferer with the beloved.
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'''Avicenna's ''Canon of Medicine'' in Europe.''' The Arabic text of the ''Qanun'' was translated into Latin as ''Canon medicinae'' by [[Gerard of Cremona]] in the [[12th century]] and into Hebrew in [[1279]]. Henceforth the ''Canon'' served as the chief guide to medical science in the West and is said to have influenced [[Leonardo da Vinci]]. Its [[encyclopedia|encyclopaedic]] content, its systematic arrangement and [[philosophy|philosophical]] plan soon worked its way into a position of pre-eminence in the medical literature of Europe, displacing the works of [[Galen]] and becoming the text book for medical [[education]] in the schools of Europe. The text was read in the medical schools at [[Montpellier]] and [[Louvain]] as late as [[1650]], and [[Arnold C. Klebs]] described it as "one of the most significant intellectual phenomena of all times." In the words of Dr.
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[[William Osler]], the ''Qanun'' has remained "a medical [[bible]] for a longer time than any other work".
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The first three books of the Latin ''Canon'' were printed in [[1472]], and a complete edition appeared the following year. The [[1491]] Hebrew edition is the first appearance of a medical treatise in Hebrew—and the only one produced during the [[fifteenth century]]. In the last 30 years of the 15th century it passed through 15 Latin editions.
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==External site==
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*[http://www.ummah.net/history/scholars/ibn_sina/ Biography of Avicenna]
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