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{{genrebox|name=Son
|color=darkslategray
|bgcolor=white
|stylistic_origins=[[Changui]], a mixture of Spanish guitar and canción, mixed with [[Bantu]] and [[Arara]] percussion
|cultural_origins=Late [[19th century]] [[Oriente]] and Island Espanola
|instruments=[[Guitar]] or [[tres]], [[marímbula]] or [[double bass]], [[trumpet]], [[bongo]], [[clave]] and [[Maraca|maracas]]
|popularity=Much in Cuba and elsewhere in Latin America
|derivatives=
|subgenrelist=List of son genres
|subgenres=[[mambo]], [[rumba]], [[Son Jarocho]], [[Son Huasteco]]
|fusiongenres=[[Son montuno]] - [[Guajira-son]] - [[Bolero-son]] - [[Guaracha-son]] - [[Salsa music]]
|regional_scenes=
|other_topics= [[Music of Cuba]] - [[Anticipated bass]] - [[Clave (rhythm)|Clave]]
}}
With roots on the island of [[Cuba]], '''''Son''''' is a style of music that became popular in the second half of the [[19th century]] in the eastern province of [[Provinces of Cuba|Oriente]]. The earliest known son dates from the late [[1500s]] (the oldest known son is "Son de la Má Teodora", from about the [[1570s]] in [[Santiago de Cuba]]). It combines the structure and elements of [[Spanish language|Spanish]] [[canción]] and the Spanish [[guitar]] with [[Africa]]n rhythms and [[percussion instrument]]s of [[Bantu]] and [[Arara]] origin.
While originally a Cuban music style Son has also become a word used for rural traditional musical styles of spanish speaking countries and apart from the Cuban variant called ''Son Cubano'' other son traditions exist in Mexico where for example the [[Son Jarocho]] of [[Vera Cruz]] and the [[Son Huasteca]] of the [[Sierra Huasteca]] constitute distinct popular musical styles where the cuban son has been fusioned with indigenous musical styles.
==Development==
The sisters Teodora and Micaela Ginez from [[Santiago de los Caballeros]], on the then named island of Hispaniola, were black slaves who emigrated to Cuba and brought with them the new rhythm. "El Son de la Má Teodora" marks the birth of Son which Cubans have made their own and which formed the origin of modern Salsa.
Son is derived from [[Spain| Spanish]], African, French Creole and native musical influences, arising first in Oriente province, reaching [[Havana]] around the 1880s. The most influential group from this period was the [[Trio Oriental]], who stabilized the sextet format that soon came to dominate son bands. In [[1912]], recording began with groups like Sexteto Habanero (a re-named Trio Oriental) and [[Sexteto Boloña]], and popularization began in earnest with the arrival of [[radio]] [[broadcasting]] in [[1922]], which came at the same time as Havana's reputation as an attraction for Americans evading [[Prohibition]] laws and the city became a haven for the [[Mafia]], [[prostitution]] and [[gambling]], and also became a second home for trendy and influential bands from [[New York City]]. A few years later, in the late [[1920s]], son sextets became septets and son's popularity continued to grow with artists like [[Septeto Nacional]] and its leader, [[Ignacio Piñeiro]]. Piñeiro experimented with fusing son with other genres of music, forming [[guajira-son]], [[bolero-son]] and [[guaracha-son]]. In [[1928]], [[Rita Montaner]]'s "El Manicero" became the first Cuban song to be a major hit in [[Paris]] and elsewhere in [[Europe]]. In [[1930]], the [[Havana Orchestra]] took the song to the United States, where it also became a big hit.
===Son montuno===
''Main article: [[Son montuno]]''
In the [[1940s]] [[Arsenio Rodríguez]] became the most influential player of son, creating the modern [[Afro-Cuban sound]], the ''son montuno''. Later [[Beny Moré]] and others helped develop salsa music. Arsenio Rodríguez was especially influential, incorporating improvised solos, toques, congas and extra trumpets, percussion and pianos. Beny Moré (known as the "Barbarian of Rhythm" (El Barbaro del Ritmo*)) further evolved the genre, adding [[guaracha]], [[bolero]] and [[mambo]] influences, helping make him extraordinarily popular. He is now cited as perhaps the greatest sonero.
*In colloquial Cuban Spanish, "barbaro" does not actually mean barbarian; rather, it connotes great mastery. A more accurate translation would be "amazing one" or "whiz kid".
===Rumba===
''Main article: [[Rumba]]''
With the arrival of pop [[chachachá]] and [[mambo]] in the United States, son also became extremely popular but was usually called ''[[rumba]]'', which more properly refers to a specific genre of music. Son, mambo and rumba, along with other forms of Latin music contributed to the development of [[salsa music]], which quickly became perhaps the most popular form of Latin music ever.
== References ==
* {{cite book|author=Manuel, Peter, with Kenneth Bilby and Michael Largey|title=Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music from Rumba to Reggae (2nd edition). Temple University Press, 2006|id=ISBN 1-59213-463-7 }}
[[Category:Cuban styles of music]]
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