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#REDIRECT [[LED film]]
'''Transparent LED embedded glass''' is a new [[composite material]] containing [[light emitting diode]]s (LED). It is used as building material and as glass type for many different products. This new technology enables materials, new applications in Electronics and Architecture. Due to the use of a cold curing pick and place process, this technology is also related to Electronics Manufacturing and Electronics Engineering. This article is focusing on published<ref>[http://www.sun-tec.ch/downloads/gpd2009shavit.pdf | Download Article: D. Shavit, Transparent Electronic Interlayers, Proceedings of GPD Glass Performance Days, June 2009, pp. 177–180]</ref>,<ref>[http://www.sun-tec.ch/downloads/glassonline052007.pdf | Download article: D. Shavit; Developments of LEDs and SMD Electronics on transparent conductive polyesterfilms, Vacuum International 1/2007, Page 34-36]</ref> specifications enabling [[building material]]s which will meet security and legislation aspects of [[laminated glass]].
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:LEDGLASS1.jpg|LED embedded film for semitransparent glass application
File:Strips1.jpg|Cuttable LED Strips
File:SUNTEC_FLOOR.jpg|Full colour RGB LED-film laminated to 1x1 m floor glass
File:LEDGLASSSTAIR.JPG|LED glass stair
</gallery>
==Composite specification==
The LED Glass composite material may consist of using transparent metallized glass<ref>Hahn, T., EP0900971A1 [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19990310&CC=EP&NR=0900971A1&KC=A1 "Lighting device containing LEDs on glass"]</ref> as electricity conductor. In this case the final composite specification will be:
* '''Top Layer:'''...Standard glass
* '''Interlayer:'''...Transparent thermoplastic material like TPU, PVB or EVA
* '''Interlayer:'''..LED (light emitting diodes)
* '''Bottom layer:'''...Metallised bottom glass
==Thermoplastics used==
The transparent thermoplastic material will usually show a quite similar light refractive index compared to glass. Typical thermoplastics used in the glass industry to produce these type of security glazings will consist of Thermoplastic Polyurethane<ref>Bayer Inc., US2006135728 [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=JP&NR=2006169536A&KC=A&FT=D&date=20060629&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP "Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) having good adhesion to glass "]</ref> (TPU), Ethyl-Vinyl-Acetate<ref>Bridgestone Inc., DE4308885(B4) [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=DE&NR=4308885A1&KC=A1&FT=D&date=19930923&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP "Laminated glass with thermoset film of (meth)acrylate or hydrocarbon resin – containing EVA and organic peroxide for high impact strength, penetration resistance and transparency "]</ref> (EVA) or Poly-Vinyl-Butyral<ref>Solutia Inc., WO03057478 [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20080320&CC=IL&NR=162701A&KC=A "GLASS LAMINATION PROCESS AND APPARATUS"]</ref> (PVB).
==Production==
The specification mentioned above will typically be produced in following steps:
# Vacuum sputtering of transparent conductive material on glass
# Cutting the glass to the final size
# Laser ablation of parts of the conductive material
# Mounting SMD LEDs on the glass by means of a pick & place process
# Lamination of the glasses according the specification mentioned above
Because most of the glass companies are not skilled to mount LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) onto metallized glass, it makes sense to locate the LEDs on a separate transparent conductive polymeric interlayer<ref>D. Shavit: The developments of LEDs and SMD Electronics on transparent conductive Polyester film, Vacuum International, 1/2007, S. 35 ff</ref>,<ref>D. Shavit: Elektronische Komponenten in Glaslaminaten: Entwicklung, Stand und Ausblick, Glas, Architektur & Technik, 1/2007</ref>,<ref>SUN-TEC Swiss United Technologies Inc. Daniel Shavit, DE202007008410 [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20090630&CC=CH&NR=698260B1&KC=B1 "Translucent conductive Interlayer with SMD Surface Mounted Electronic Devices – LED embedded films"]</ref> which may be laminated by any glass lamination unit. In other words, the remaining process for glass lamination units will consist of laminating together standard glass using 2 layers of thermoplastic interlayers to sandwich ready to use LED embedded films. This process will be quite similar for 3 dimensional curved LED Glass<ref>[http://www.ledglass.ch Video with 3D curved laminated LED Glass]</ref>. The final specification will be:
* '''Top layer:'''.. Glass
* '''Interlayer:'''..Transparent thermoplastic material like TPU, PVB or EVA
* '''Interlayer:'''..LED (light emitting diodes)on transparent conductive Polymer
* '''Interlayer:'''..Transparent thermoplastic material like TPU, PVB or EVA
* '''Bottom layer:'''..Glass
Within this last specification mentioned above, the 2 thermoplastic layers together with the LED Interlayer will reach a total thickness of about 2mm. The usually very economical PVB is the most used [[Laminated glass|lamination interlayer]]. Its lamination is based on a nip roller pre-heating step followed by an autoclaving process with a final stage at 135 °C and 14 athmospheres. However, polyester has a better adhesion to [[Thermoplastics polyurethanes (TPU)|TPU]], to [[Ethylene-vinyl acetate|EVA]] or to [http://www.bridgestone.com/products/diversified/evasafe/index.html|EVASAfe], which are often laminated using simple vacuum tables. EVASafe contain some hygroscopic crosslinking agent, which will allow its partial crosslinking to active sites of the substrates.
==References==
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{{Reflist|2}}
<!--- Categories --->
{{DEFAULTSORT:Transparent Led Embedded Glass}}
[[Category:Glass]]
[[Category:Electronics]]
[[Category:Materials]]
[[Category:Architecture]]
[[Category:Electrical engineering]]
[[Category:Electronics manufacturing]]
[[Category:Electronic engineering]]
[[ar:لوحة دارات مطبوعة]]
[[bn:প্রিন্টেড সার্কিট বোর্ড]]
[[bs:Printana ploča (elektrotehnika)]]
[[bg:Печатна платка]]
[[ca:Circuit imprès]]
[[cs:Plošný spoj]]
[[da:Printplade]]
[[de:Leiterplatte]]
[[es:Circuito impreso]]
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[[fr:Circuit imprimé]]
[[ko:인쇄 회로 기판]]
[[hi:प्रिन्टेड सर्किट बोर्ड]]
[[hr:Tiskana pločica]]
[[id:Papan sirkuit cetak]]
[[is:Prentplata]]
[[it:Circuito stampato]]
[[he:מעגל מודפס]]
[[sw:Bodi ya sakiti iliyochapishwa]]
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[[pt:Circuito impresso]]
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[[ru:Печатная плата]]
[[simple:Printed circuit board]]
[[sk:Doska plošných spojov]]
[[sr:Штампана плоча]]
[[sh:Štampana ploča]]
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[[th:แผ่นวงจรพิมพ์]]
[[tr:Baskılı devre kartı]]
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[[zh:印刷电路板]]
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