consilience: difference between revisions

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==English==

{{was wotd|2019|MarchMay|624}}

===Etymology===

From {{der|en|la|con-||pos=''prefix indicating a being or bringing together of several objects''}} + {{m|la|saliō||to bound, jump, leap}} (modelled after {{m|la|resiliēns||rebounding}}) {{suffix|en||ence}}, influenced by {{m|en|concurrent}}. The word was coined by English philosopher and theologian {{wcoin|en|nat=English|occ=polymath|William Whewell|in=1840}} (1794–1866) in his book ''The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences'' (1840).<ref>{{cite-book|author=William Whewell|authorlink=William Whewell|chapter=Of the Logic of Induction|title=The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, Founded upon Their History. [...] In Two Volumes|___location=London|publisher=[[w:John William Parker|John W[illiam] Parker]],{{nb...|West Strand}}; Cambridge: J. and J. J. Deighton|year=1840|volume=II|section=paragraph 4|page=230|pageurl=https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yPcDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA230|oclc=1003958306|passage=Accordingly the cases in which inductions from classes of facts altogether different have thus ''jumped together'', belong only to the best established theories which the hisoryhistory of science contains. And as I shall have occasion to refer to this peculiar feature in their evidence, I will take the liberty of describing it by a particular phrase; and will term it the '''''Consilience''' of Inductions''.}}</ref><ref>{{R:OED Online|part of speechpos=n|id=39633|date=1893|nodot=yes}}; {{R:Lexico}}</ref>

===Pronunciation===

* {{a|RP|GA}} {{IPA|en|/kənˈsɪlikənˈsɪ.li.əns/|langa=enRP,GA}}

** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-consilience.wav|a=Southern England}}

* {{hyphenation|en|con|si|li|ence|lang=en}}

===Noun===

{{en-noun|~}}

# {{lb|en|logic}} The [[concurrence]] of [[multiple#Adjective|multiple]] [[induction]]s drawn from different [[data set]]s. {{defdate|from mid 19th c.1840}}

#: {{synonyms|en|coincidence}}

#* {{quote-book|author=William RQ:Whewell Philosophy|authorlinkvolume=William WhewellII|chapter=Of the Logic of Induction|titlepara=The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, Founded upon Their History. [...] In Two Volumes|___location=London|publisher=[[w:John William Parker|John W[illiam] Parker]],{{nb...|West Strand}}; Cambridge: J. and J. J. Deighton|year=1840|volume=II|section=paragraph 4|pages=242–243|pageurl=https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yPcDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA242|oclcpageref=1003958306242|passage=Indeed in all cases in which from propositions of considerable generality, propositions of a still higher degree are obtained, there is a convergence of inductions; and if in one of the lines which thus converge, the steps be rapidly and suddenly made in order to meet the other line, we may consider that we have an example of '''Consilience'''.|lang=en}}

#* {{quote-book|en|author=William Fleming|entry=CONSILIENCE of INDUCTIONS|title=The Vocabulary of Philosophy, Mental, Moral, and Metaphysical;{{nb...|with Quotations and References; for the Use of Students.}}|edition=2nd revised and enlarged|___location=London; Glasgow|publisher={{w|Richard Griffin and Company}}, publishers to the {{w|University of Glasgow}}|year=1858|page=114|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=QGtZAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA114|oclc=27304329|passage='''''CONSILIENCE''' of INDUCTIONS'' takes place when an induction obtained from one class of facts coincides with an induction obtained from a different class. This '''''consilience''''' is the test of the truth of the theory in which it occurs.}}

# The [[agreement]], [[co-operation]], or [[overlap]] of [[academic discipline]]s.

#* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:William Herschel|W[illiam] Herschel]]|title=Inaugural Address to the [[w:British Science Association|British Association for the Advancement of Science]], Held at Cambridge, June 1845|journal=The Civil Engineer and Architect’s Journal, Scientific and Railway Gazette|___location=London|publisher=R. Groombridge & Sons,{{nb...|5, Paternoster Row}}; [[w:John Weale|J[ohn] Weale]],{{nb...|59, High Holborn}}; New York, N.Y.: [[w:Wiley (publisher)|Wiley & Putnam]]; Paris: [[w:John Anthony Galignani|Galignani]]|month=June|year=1845|year_published=July 1845|volume=VIII|issue=94|page=204|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/civilengineerarc08lond/page/204/mode/1up|column=2|oclc=978113081|passage=The common pursuit of Truth is of itself a brotherhood. [...] Surely, were each of us to give utterance to all he feels, we should hear the Chemist, the Astronomer, the Physiologist, the Electrician, the Botanist, the Geologist, all with one accord, and each in the language of his own science, declaring not only the wonderful works of God disclosed in it, but the delight which their disclosure affords him, and the privilege he feels it to be to have aided in it. This is indeed a magnificent induction—a '''consilience''' there is no refusing.}}

#* {{quote-book|en|author=Edward[[w:E. O[sborne]. Wilson|authorlink=E.Edward O.[sborne] Wilson]]|chapter=To What End?|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnUkBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT395|title=[[w:Consilience (book)|Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge]]|___location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Alfred A. Knopf|Knopf]]|year=1998|isbn=978-0-679-45077-1|edition2=1st Vintage Books|location2=New York, N.Y.|publisher2={{w|:Vintage Books}}|year2=April 1999|isbn2=978-0-679-76867-8|passage=For centuries '''consilience''' has been the mother's milk of the natural sciences. Now it is wholly accepted by the brain sciences and evolutionary biology, the disciplines best poised to serve in turn as bridges to the social sciences and humanities. {{...}} The central idea of the '''consilience''' world view is that all tangible phenomena, from the birth of stars to the workings of social institutions, are based on material processes that are ultimately reducible, however long and tortuous the sequences, to the law of physics.}}

#* {{quote-book|en|author=Edward Slingerland; Mark Collard|chapter=Introduction: Creating Consilience: Toward a Second Wave|editors=Edward Slingerland; Mark Collard|title=Creating Consilience: Integrating the Sciences and the Humanities|___location=Oxford|publisher=w:Oxford University Press|year=2012|page=4|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=fGB-AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4|isbn=978-0-19-979439-3|passage=[T]he call for '''consilience''', which requires extending interdisciplinarity across the sciences/humanities divide, has, for the most part, been met with indifference or outright hostility by the majority of humanists.}}

#* {{quote-book|en|author=Nicholas Aroney|chapter=Originalism and Explanatory Power: Text, Structure and the Interpretation of Constitutions|editors=Lisa Burton Crawford; Patrick Emerton; Dale Smith|title=Law under a Democratic Constitution: Essays in Honour of {{w|Jeffrey Goldsworthy}}|___location=Oxford|publisher=Hart Publishing, {{w|Bloomsbury Publishing}}|year=2019|page=106|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=8B6QDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA106|isbn=978-1-50992-085-3|passage=The '''consilience''' of a theory&nbsp;– its coherent integration with other theories&nbsp;– is also a desirable attribute, for '''consilience''' between theories contributes to their explanatory power as a group. '''Consilience''' can occur when a relatively general theory provides a broad explanation of phenomena that coheres with more specific theories, or when a specific theory provides a particular explanation that coheres with the broader explanations of a more general theory.}}

====Derived terms====

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====Related terms====

{{rel4col4|lang=en|nonresilient|nonsalient|resile|resiliate|resilience|resiliency|resilient|resiliently|salience|saliency|salient|saliently}}

====Translations====

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* Finnish: {{t|fi|konsilienssi}}

* French: {{t+|fr|consilience|f}}

* German: {{t|de|Konsilienz|f}}

{{trans-mid}}

* Korean: {{t|ko|통섭}}

* Polish: {{t|pl|konsyliencja}}

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{{trans-top|agreement, co-operation, or overlap of academic disciplines}}

* German: {{t|de|Konsilienz|f}}

{{trans-mid}}

{{trans-bottom}}

===References===

<references />

* {{R:Online Etymology Dictionary}}

===Further reading===

* {{pedia}}

* {{R:Online Etymology Dictionary}}