Billy the Kid and Savannah College of Art and Design: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox BiographyUniversity |

name = Savannah College of Art and Design|

| subject_name = Henry McCarty, AKA Billy the Kid

image = [[Image:SCAD_shield_light_gr.gif|150px|Shield of SCAD]] |

| image_name = Billykid.jpg

Mission = "The Savannah College of Art and Design exists to prepare talented students for careers in the visual and performing arts, design, the building arts, and the history of art and architecture"|

| image_size = 165px

established = 1978 |

| image_caption = The only known photograph of Billy the Kid. ''(Reversed [[ferrotype]] photo)''

| date_of_birth type = [[NovemberPrivate 23school|Private]], [[1859college]] |

head_label = President <!-- change as needed; old template said President --> |

| place_of_birth = Allen Street, [[Manhattan Island]], [[New York]] [[United States of America|USA]]

head = Paula S. Wallace |

| date_of_death = [[July 14]], [[1881]]

city = [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]] |

| place_of_death = [[Fort Sumner]], [[New Mexico]] [[United States of America|USA]]

state = [[Georgia (U.S. state)|GA]] |

| occupation = [[Outlaw]]

country = [[United States|USA]] |

| parents = '''Natural Father''': Patrick Henry McCarty ''or'' William Bonney<br />

undergrad = est. 6,824 |

'''Stepfather''': William Antrim<br />

postgrad = est. 973 |

'''Mother''':Catherine McCarty or Katherine McCarty Bonney

postgrad_label = graduate |

'''Brother''':Joseph Antrim

faculty = 355 |

campus = [[Urban area|Urban]] |

mascot = [[Art D. Bee]] [[Image:Art the bee seal.gif|32px|]] |

free_label = Athletics |

free = 22 varsity teams |

website = [http://www.scad.edu/ www.scad.edu] |

free_label = Tuition |

free = $23,250

}}

'''Henry McCarty''' ([[November 23]], [[1859]]<ref>The actual date is uncertain, see [http://www.aboutbillythekid.com/early_life.htm AboutBillytheKid.com]</ref> &ndash; [[July 14]], [[1881]]) better known as '''Billy the Kid''', but also known by the aliases '''Henry Antrim''' and '''William Harrison Bonney''', was a [[19th century]] [[American frontier]] [[outlaw]] and gunman who was a participant in the [[Lincoln County War]].

'''The Savannah College of Art and Design''' (often referred to as '''SCAD''') — founded in 1978 by Paula S. Wallace, Richard Rowan, May Poetter and Paul Poetter — is an independent, fully accredited, not-for-profit college dedicated to the visual and performing arts, design, the building arts and the history of art and architecture. Located in the historic Southern city of [[Savannah, Georgia]], SCAD is the largest art college in the United States, offering [[Bachelor of Arts]], [[Bachelor of Fine Arts]], [[Master of Architecture]], [[Master of Arts (postgraduate)|Master of Arts]], [[Master of Urban Design]] and [[Master of Fine Arts]] degrees. The college is closely engaged with the city and the preservation, at least architecturally, of its rich heritage.

He was reputed to have killed 21 men, one for each year of his life, but the actual total is probably closer to nine (four on his own and five with the help of others). He also may have been 22 at the time of his death.

SCAD enrolls more than 7,000 students from all 50 states and 100 countries. International student enrollment is 10-12 percent.

Short and lithe, McCarty had blue eyes, smooth cheeks and prominent front teeth. Many newspaper reporters said, "Billy is handsome and very easy going." He was also personable and quick to laugh<ref>''Trailing Billy the Kid'', Philip J. Rasch, p. 126</ref>, but these qualities masked a fierce temper and a single-minded resolve which, combined with superior shooting skills and an almost animal cunning, served to make him a dangerous outlaw. His most noticeable apparel was a sugar-loaf [[Sombrero]] hat with a wide green decorative band. Although little known in his own lifetime, McCarty was catapulted into legend in the year after his death when his killer, Sheriff [[Patrick Garrett]], published a wildly [[sensationalistic]] biography of the outlaw called ''The Authentic Life of Billy, the Kid''. Beginning with Garrett's self-serving account, Billy the Kid would grow into perhaps the most famous and symbolic figure of the [[American Old West]].

Degree programs include [[advertising design]], [[animation]], [[architectural history]], [[architecture]], [[art history]], [[motion graphics|broadcast design and motion graphics]], [[cinema studies]], [[fashion]], [[fibers]], [[film and television]], [[furniture design]], [[graphic design]], [[historic preservation]], [[illustration]], [[illustration design]] (MFA only), [[industrial design]], [[interactive design and game development]], [[interior design]], [[media and performing arts]], [[metals and jewelry]], [[painting]], [[photography]], [[production design]], [[sequential art]], [[sound design]], [[urban design]], and [[visual effects]].

==Biography==

===Early life===

pooppooppoop schoolhouse."

Minors are offered in 25 of the major programs as well as in [[accessory design]], [[business management]], [[ceramic arts]], [[contemporary writing]], [[cultural landscape]], [[dance]], [[decorative arts]], [[drawing]], [[electronic design]], [[exhibition design]], [[interaction design]], [[marine design]], [[museum studies]], [[music performance]], [[new media art]], [[printmaking]], [[sculpture]], [[storyboarding]] and [[technical direction]].

On [[September 23]], [[1875]] McCarty was arrested for hiding a bundle of stolen clothes for a man playing a prank on a Chinese laundryman. Two days after McCarty was thrown in [[County jail|jail]], the scrawny teen escaped by worming his way up the jailhouse chimney. From that point on, McCarty would more or less be a fugitive.

The college also features a study-abroad campus in the scenic town [[Lacoste, Vaucluse|Lacoste, France]]. In 2005, SCAD opened a campus in [[Midtown Atlanta|Midtown]], [[Atlanta, Georgia]], called SCAD&ndash;Atlanta. Shortly after opening, the [[Atlanta College of Art]] was acquired by SCAD for merger into the Atlanta campus to help the new college campus grow and give more opportunities to SCAD students with connections to the [[Woodruff Arts Center]] and the [[High Museum of Art]] on [[Peachtree Street]] in [[Atlanta]].

He eventually found work as an itinerant ranch hand and shepherd in southeastern [[Arizona]]. In [[1877]] he became a civilian [[teamster]] at Fort Grant Army Post in Arizona with the duty of hauling logs from a timber camp to a sawmill. The civilian blacksmith at the camp, Frank "Windy" Cahill, took pleasure in bullying young McCarty. On [[August 17]] Cahill attacked McCarty after a verbal exchange and threw him to the ground. McCarty retaliated by drawing his gun and shooting Cahill, who died the next day. Once again McCarty was in custody, this time in the Camp's guardhouse awaiting the arrival of the local marshal. Before the [[marshal]] could arrive, however, McCarty escaped. It has sometimes been reported that the encounter with Frank Cahill took place in a saloon.

Again on the run, McCarty, who had begun to refer to himself as '''Willam H. Bonney''', next turned up in the house of [[Heiskell Jones]] in Pecos Valley, [[New Mexico]]. [[Apache Tribe|Apache]]s had stolen McCarty's horse, which forced him to walk many miles to the nearest settlement, which was Mrs. Jones's home. She nursed the young man, who was near death, back to health. The Jones family developed a strong attachment to McCarty and gave him one of their horses.

==Facilities==

=== Lincoln County Cattle War ===

[[Image:Poetter Hall at SCAD.jpg|thumb|216px|right|Poetter Hall, originally Preston Hall, was SCAD's first historic restoration.]]

In the fall of [[1877]] McCarty/Bonney moved to [[Lincoln County, New Mexico]] and was hired as a cattle guard by [[John Tunstall]], (an English cattle rancher, banker, and merchant), and his partner, [[Alexander McSween]] (a prominent lawyer).

The college's first academic building was the Savannah Volunteer Guard Armory, which was purchased and renovated in 1979. Built in 1892, the [[Romanesque Revival]] red brick structure is included in the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. Originally named Preston Hall, The building was renamed to Poetter Hall after the departure of Richard Rowan as part of a campaign of naming and renaming buildings for members of the board of directors and major financial backers. Expanding rapidly, the school went on to purchase more buildings in Savannah's downtown [[Historic]] and [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] districts, restoring old and often derelict buildings that had exhausted their original functions.

By restoring buildings for use as college facilities and as part of the [[Historic Preservation]] major of study, the college has been recognized by the [[American Institute of Architects]], the [[National Trust for Historic Preservation]], the [[Historic Savannah Foundation]] and the [[Victorian Society of America]], among others. The college campus now consists of 60 buildings spaced informally throughout the grid and park system of downtown Savannah. Many buildings are located on the famous 24 squares of the old town, which are laden with monuments, [[live oaks]], horse-buggy tours and an undeniable Southern gothic feel that is sought by the many movies filmed there.

A conflict, soon to become known as the [[Lincoln County War|Lincoln County Cattle War]], had begun between the established town merchants (called "The House") and the ranchers. Events turned bloody on [[February 18]], [[1878]], when Tunstall, unarmed, was caught on an open range while herding cattle and shot to death by members of "The House". Tunstall's murder enraged Bonney and the other ranch hands.

Features located on or near the campus buildings include the [[Riverfront Plaza]] and [[Factors' Walk]] — River Street's restored 19th-century cotton warehouses and passageways include shops, bars and restaurants — and City Market, Savannah's restored central market, features antiques, souvenirs, and small eateries.

They formed their own group called [[The Regulators (Lincoln County War)|The Regulators]], led by ranch hand [[Richard Brewer|Richard "Dick" Brewer]], and proceeded to hunt down two of the members of the posse that had killed Tunstall. They captured Bill Morton and Frank Baker on March 6th, and killed them on March 9th. This occurred near Agua Negra. While returning to Lincoln they also killed one of their own members, a man named McCloskey, whom they suspected of being a traitor.<ref name = "SOTP">[http://www.sptddog.com/sotp/billy.html Shadows of the Past, Inc., Looks at Billy the Kid]</ref>

The college's facilities in [[Lacoste, France]], date back 500&ndash;600 years. Originally founded by [[Bernard Pfriem]], an American artist, in the 1970s and called the [[Lacoste School of Arts]], the small town of about 300 permanent inhabitants is steeped in rustic charm and appears almost as a [[medieval]] village from a distance. Lacoste is in [[Provence]], which is in [[Southern France]]. The beautiful countryside is an asset to the school as an inspiration for the drawing and painting courses taught there. Enrollment in Lacoste is usually for only one quarter of the academic school year.

On April 1st, Regulators [[Jim French (cowboy)|Jim French]], [[Frank McNab]], [[John Middleton (cowboy)|John Middleton]], [[Fred Waite]], [[Henry Newton Brown|Henry Brown]] and McCarty ambushed Sheriff William Brady<ref>[http://www.odmp.org/officer.php?oid=2168 The Officer Down Memorial Page Remembers... Sheriff William Brady]</ref> and his deputy <ref>[http://www.odmp.org/officer.php?oid=6526 The Officer Down Memorial Page Remembers... Deputy Sheriff George Hindman]</ref>, killing them both. McCarty was wounded while trying to retrieve a rifle belonging to him, taken from him by Brady in an earlier arrest.<ref name = "SOTP" />

==Departments==

On April 4th, they tracked down and killed an old buffalo hunter known as [[Buckshot Roberts]], whom they suspected of involvement in the Tunstall murder, but not before Roberts shot and killed [[Richard Brewer|Dick Brewer]], who had been the Regulators' leader up until that point. Two other Regulators were wounded during the gun battle, which took place at Blazer's Mill.<ref name = "SOTP" />

[[Image:Montgomery Hall at SCAD.jpg|thumb|216px|right|Montgomery Hall is home of Animation, Computer Arts and Digital Media]]

McCarty took over as leader of the Regulators following Brewer's death. Under indictment for the Brady killing, McCarty and his gang spent the next several months in hiding, and were trapped, along with McSween, in McSween's home in Lincoln on July 15, 1878, by members of "The House" and some of Brady's men.

The university is divided into seven schools: the School of Building Arts, the School of Communication Arts, the School of Design, the School of Film and Digital Media, the School of Fine Arts, the School of Liberal Arts and the School of Media and Performing Arts.

The most popular is the School of Film and Digital Media, which has seen much growth in recent years with the addition of new majors to support the demand for computer-driven art classes. These areas of study focus on computer effects, animation and design for film, television, games and the Internet. To meet the demand, a former 64,000-square-foot coffin factory was refurbished as a high-end, 800-computer [[computer animation|animation]] and [[special effects|effects]] teaching/production house complete with [[render farm]], [[blue screen|green screen]] stages, and even [[stop-motion]] labs. SCAD recently added an increasingly popular program in Sound Design, offering concentration in music production or audio for image.

After a five day siege, McSween's house was set on fire. McCarty and the other Regulators fled, McCarty killing a "House" member named Bob Beckwith in the process. McSween was shot down while fleeing the blaze, and his death essentially marked the end of the Lincoln County Cattle War.

Also very popular and widely recognized is the School of Communication Arts, which includes graphic design, advertising design, illustration, photography and sequential art. Most graphic design classes are held in Poetter Hall on Madison Square, the college's original building and the former 36,248-square-foot Guard Armory. As one of the college's older majors, it still embraces the trend in electronic design and features a large number of computers and several high-end [[Apple computer]] workstations in its labs.

===Lew Wallace and amnesty===

In the [[autumn]] of [[1878]], former Union General [[Lew Wallace]] became the new territorial governor of New Mexico. In order to restore peace to Lincoln County, Wallace proclaimed an amnesty for any man involved in the [[Lincoln County War]] who was not already under indictment. McCarty, who had fled to Texas after escaping from McSween's house, was under indictment, but Wallace was intrigued by rumors that the young man was willing to surrender himself and testify against other combatants if amnesty could be extended to him. In March of [[1879]] Wallace and McCarty, now back in the Lincoln area, met to discuss the possibility of a deal. True to form, McCarty greeted the Governor with a revolver in one hand and a [[Winchester rifle]] in the other. After taking several days to consider Wallace's offer, McCarty agreed to testify in return for amnesty.

==Students==

The arrangement called for McCarty to submit to a token arrest and a short stay in jail until the conclusion of his courtroom testimony. Although McCarty's testimony helped to indict John Dolan, (one of the powerful "House" faction leaders), the district attorney disregarded Wallace's order to set McCarty free after testifying. Instead, Billy was returned to jail in June 1879. A natural escape artist, McCarty slipped out of his [[handcuffs]] and fled.

[[Image:SCAD Anderson Hall.jpg|thumb|216px|right|Anderson Hall, where foundation studies classes are taught.]]

Most students live off-campus, which is to say outside the residence halls, since there are no formal campus grounds other than those contained by the building properties themselves. There are nine buildings that provide student housing and range from one- to three-person, single-room dormitories; to four-bedroom student apartments. The dormitories are: Weston House, Dyson House, Oglethorpe House, Turner House, Turner House Annex, Pulaski House (an all female residence hall), Forsyth House, Gaston House, and Boundary Village. SCAD has no [[fraternities]] or [[sororities]]. The formation of a [[student union]] has been discouraged by the college.

The college has two newspapers, the Chronicle and the entirely student-run [http://www.scaddistrict.com District]. Student media also extends to [http://www.scadradio.org SCAD Radio], an Internet-broadcast radio station; [[Beecon]], the student television production group; and [http://thehive.scad.edu The Hive], a student-run online community. There are 23 student organizations related to academic programs and another 16 that are recognized but not affiliated with any particular programs.

For the next year and a half, McCarty survived by rustling, gambling and killing. In January 1880, during a well-documented altercation, he shot dead a would-be outlaw named Joe Grant in a [[Fort Sumner]] saloon. Joe Grant was boasting that he would kill the "Kid" if he saw him, not realizing the man he was playing poker with was "Billy the Kid." In those days people only loaded their revolvers with five bullets, there were no safeties and a lot of accidents. The "Kid" asked Grant if he could see his ivory handled revolver, while looking at the weapon McCarty cycled the cylinder so the hammer would fall on the empty chamber. McCarty then let Grant know who he was, when Grant fired, nothing happened and McCarty shot him dead. When asked about the incident later, he remarked, "It was a game for two, and I got there first". He became a fixture around [[Fort Sumner, New Mexico|Fort Sumner]] on the [[Pecos River]].

Though Fridays are generally considered independent study days, Thursday evenings often end up being popular social nights in the absence of a fifth day of classes.

McCarty drew enough attention to himself through his activities as a cattle rustler that he and his gang were pursued by a posse and trapped inside a ranch-house (owned by friend James Greathouse at Anton Chico in the White Oaks area) in November 1880. A posse member named James Carlysle<ref>[http://www.odmp.org/officer.php?oid=2797 The Officer Down Memorial Page Remembers... Deputy Sheriff James Carlysle]</ref> ventured into the house under flag of truce in an attempt to negotiate the group's surrender, with Greathouse being sent out as a hostage for the posse. At some point in the night it became apparent to Carlysle that the outlaws were stalling, when suddenly a shot was accidentally fired from outside. Carlysle, assuming the posse members had shot Greathouse, decided to run for his life, crashing through a window into the snow outside. As he did so, the posse, mistaking Carlysle for one of the gang, fired on him and killed him. Realizing what they had done and now demoralized, the posse scattered, allowing McCarty and his gang to slip away. The Kid later wrote to Governor Wallace claiming innocence in the killing of Carlysle and of involvement in cattle rustling in general.

Students are expected to focus on three areas of study: foundation studies (the art fundamentals of [[drawing]], [[color theory]], [[design]], etc.), [[liberal arts]] (the math, science, art history, and English needed for accreditation) and their major area of discipline (a specific course of study such as graphic design, sequential art, etc.)

=== Pat Garrett===

[[Image:Pat Garrett2.jpg|right|thumb|Pat Garrett]]

During this time, the Kid also developed a fateful friendship with an ambitious local bartender and former buffalo hunter named [[Patrick Garrett]]. Running on a pledge to rid the area of rustlers, Garrett was elected as sheriff of Lincoln County in November 1880, and in early December of that year he put together a posse and set out to arrest McCarty, now known almost exclusively as '''Billy the Kid''' and carrying a $500 bounty on his head.

==Events==

The posse led by Garrett fared much better, and his men closed in quickly. On December 19, McCarty barely escaped the posse's midnight ambush in Fort Sumner, during which one of McCarty's gang, [[Tom O'Folliard]], was shot dead. On December 23rd, he was tracked to an abandoned stone building located in a remote ___location called Stinking Springs.

[[Image:SCAD Sidewalk Arts 02.jpg|thumb|216px|right|Chalk drawing by SCAD alumni at the Sidewalk Arts Festival.]]

The college operates a dozen galleries, notably Red Gallery, the Savannah Gallery, the Pei Ling Chan Gallery, the Pinnacle Gallery, and The Earle W. Newton Center for British-American Studies. In addition, the college holds several lectures, performances and film screenings at two historic theaters, the Trustees Theatre and the Lucas Theater for the Arts. These theaters are also used once a year for the popular [http://www.scad.edu/filmfest/ Savannah Film Festival] in late October or early November. With average attendance exceeding 25,000, the event involves a week of lectures, workshops and screenings of student and professional films. There is also a juried competition.

Outdoors, there is the [http://www.scad.edu/sidewalkarts/ Sidewalk Arts Festival], which garners huge crowds in spring around Savannah's largest downtown park, Forsyth Park. The festival is primarily concerned with the chalk-drawing competition, which is divided into group and individual categories of students, alumni and prospective students. Similar in spirit is the [http://www.scad.edu/sandarts/ Sand Arts Festival]. This particular [[sand festival]] is held every spring on the beaches of nearby Tybee Island. The competition is divided into sand relief, sand sculpture and sand castle divisions.

While McCarty and his gang were asleep inside, Garrett's posse surrounded the building and waited for sunrise. The next morning, a cattle rustler named Charlie Bowdre stepped outside to feed his horse. Mistaken for McCarty, he was shot dead by the posse. Soon afterward somebody from within the building reached for the horse's halter rope, but Garrett shot and killed the horse. (The horse's body then blocked the only exit.) As the lawmen began to cook breakfast over an open fire, Garrett and McCarty engaged in a friendly exchange, Garrett inviting McCarty outside to eat, McCarty inviting Garrett to "go to hell." Realizing that they had no hope of escape, the besieged and hungry outlaws finally surrendered later that day and were allowed to join in the meal.

Individual departments host both yearly (like the annual fashion show) and quarterly shows (animation) to promote student work.

=== Escape from Lincoln ===

[[Image:LincolnNM Jail and Courthouse.jpg|thumb|200px|Courthouse and jail, Lincoln, New Mexico]]

McCarty was jailed in the town of [[Mesilla]] while waiting for his April [[1881]] trial, and spent his time giving newspaper interviews - he was by now a famous local figure - and also peppering Governor Wallace with letters seeking clemency. Wallace, however, refused to intervene. McCarty's trial took exactly one day, and resulted in his conviction for killing Sheriff Brady - the only conviction ever secured against any of the combatants, on either side, in the Lincoln County Cattle War.

Students tend to frequent en masse non-SCAD-affiliated events if they are held in the historic district — for example, the [[Savannah Jazz Festival]] and the [[Savannah Shakespeare Festival]] (both in [[Forsyth Park]]), not to mention the [[St. Patrick's Day]] celebration, which is one of the largest and oldest in [[The United States of America]].

On [[April 13]] he was sentenced by Judge Warren Bristol to [[hanging|hang]]. The execution was scheduled for [[May 13]] and he was sent to Lincoln to await this date, held under guard by two of Garrett's deputies, James Bell and Robert Ollinger, on the top floor of the town's courthouse. On [[April 28]], while Garrett was out of town, McCarty stunned the territory by killing both of his guards and escaping.

==Noted alumni and faculty==

The details of the escape are unclear. Some historians believe that a friend or [[The Regulators (Lincoln County War)|Regulator]] sympathizer left a pistol in a nearby privy that McCarty was allowed to use, under escort, each day. McCarty then retrieved this gun and after Bell had led him back to the courthouse, turned it on his guard as the two of them reached the top of a flight of stairs inside. Another theory holds that McCarty slipped his manacles at the top of the stairs, struck Bell<ref>[http://www.odmp.org/officer.php?oid=1713 The Officer Down Memorial Page Remembers... Deputy Sheriff James W. Bell]</ref> over the head with them and then grabbed Bell's own gun and shot him.<ref name = "SOTP" />

===Alumni===

*[[India.Arie]], singer

*[[Mark Brooks (comics)|Mark Brooks]], Comic book artist, currently employed by [[Marvel Comics]]

*Brock Butler, Lead singer [[Perpetual Groove]]

*[[Gerard Caliste]] , Comtemporary Painter, once belonged to world reknowned art group [[YAYA]].

*[[Circle Takes the Square]], post-hardcore/screamo band

*Monica Cook, painter

*Walter S Crane IV, artist/creator of comic book "Sheba", also animator at Olive Jar Studios in mid 90's

*[[Danny!]], rapper and record producer

*Dave Guertin, lead character designer of [[Ratchet and Clank]] series, currently employed by [[Insomniac Games]]

*Shaun Inman, award-winning developer of Mint (website analytics program)

*[[Tomas Kalnoky]], lead singer of [[Catch 22 (band)|Catch 22]], [[Bandits of the acoustic revolution]], and [[Streetlight Manifesto]]

*[[M. Alice LeGrow]], creator of comic *[[Bizenghast]]

*[[Adam Liam McCleery]], High Fashion Model

*[[Dennis Oh]], Korean American model, turned actor.

*[[René Pérez]], reggaeton artist, half of [[Calle 13 (band)|Calle 13]] duo

*[[Perpetual Groove]], jam band

*Adam Perry, Bassist [[Perpetual Groove]]

*[[Ty Romsa]], Painter and comic book artist for Marvel, [[DC Comics|DC]], and Aspen Comics

*Leila Singleton, graphic designer

*[[Brett Weldele]], comic book artist

*Kyle Winkelman, CG/Character Animator

===Faculty===

However it happened, Bell staggered out into the street and collapsed, mortally wounded. Meanwhile, McCarty scooped up Ollinger's<ref>[http://www.odmp.org/officer.php?oid=10157 The Officer Down Memorial Page Remembers... Deputy Marshal Robert Olinger]</ref> ten-gauge double barrel [[shotgun]] and waited at the upstairs window for Ollinger, who had been across the street with some other prisoners, to come to Bell's aid. As Ollinger came running into view, McCarty leveled the shotgun at him, called out "Hello, Bob!" and shot him dead. The townsfolk supposedly gave him an hour that he used to remove his leg iron. The hour was granted in thanks for his work as part of "The Regulators." After cutting his leg irons with an axe, the young outlaw borrowed (or stole) a horse and rode leisurely out of town, reportedly singing, leaving the terrified townsfolk in his wake. The horse was returned 2 days later.<ref name = "SOTP" />

*Larry Dixon, Professor of Photography, photographer; photographer of many album covers while working in Nashville.

*Denise Falk, Professor of Painting, painter.

*[[Winrich Kolbe]], Professor of Film and Television. Directed episodes for many popular television shows, including [[Star Trek: The Next Generation]], [[24 (TV series) | 24]], and [[The Rockford Files]].

*[[Gokhan Ozaysin]], Professor of Film and Television, graduate mentor for the Film and Television Department; specializing in nonlinear editing.

*[[Patricia Perrone]], Professor of Computer Arts. Pioneering computer-based artist and one of the first people to earn a degree in computer arts.

*[[Daves Rossell]], Professor of Architectural History. Noted scholar on [[vernacular architecture]].

*[[Craig Stevens (photographer)|Craig Stevens]], Professor of Photography, photographer.

*[[Lynn Wright-Buckingham]], Professor of Photography, photographer and lecturer.

*[[Phil A Young]], Professor, Animation Dept, worked at Disney for 25 years. Takes 2D Animation, Character Animation, and Layout and Character Design.

*[[David Jeffreys]], Professor of Art, formerly a guitarist for British band [[Prolapse (band)]].

==Trivia==

his big poop

*SCAD has a "[[Rolling admission|Rolling Admission]]" policy.

*SCAD is on the quarter system. Typical workload is three classes per quarter, or 15 credit hours.

[[Image:Billy_the_Kids'_grave_TX.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Billy the Kid's grave, Fort Sumner, New Mexico]]

*School is four days per week, with individual classes held every other day. Friday is reserved for independent study to allow more time on the weekends to complete projects.

McCarty's freedom would prove short-lived, however. Responding to rumours that McCarty was still lurking in the vicinity of Fort Sumner almost three months after his escape, Sheriff Garrett and two deputies set out on [[July 14]], [[1881]] to question one of the town's residents, a friend of McCarty's named Pete Maxwell. Near midnight, as Garrett and Maxwell sat talking in Maxwell's darkened bedroom, the Kid himself unexpectedly entered the room. There are at least two versions of what happened next.

*Classes run 2.5 hours with one 10&ndash;15 minute break for most classes. The extended length is to accommodate studio classes, where traditional scheduling would seem rushed.

*SCAD is primarily located in the historic district of Savannah.

One version says that as the Kid entered, he could not recognize Garrett in the poor light. McCarty drew his pistol and backed away, asking "¿Quién es? ¿Quién es?" ([[Spanish language|Spanish]] for "Who is it? Who is it?"). Recognizing McCarty's voice, Garrett drew his own pistol and fired twice, the first bullet hitting McCarty just above his heart and killing him instantly.

*Most classes offer a field trip, but is not required.

*Most classes are small at 20 students or fewer, with that number decreasing in higher-level courses to as few as 5.

In a second version, McCarty entered carrying a knife, evidently headed to a kitchen area. He noticed someone in the darkness, and uttered the words "¿Quién es? ¿Quién es?", at which point he was shot and killed in ambush style.

*Spring break at SCAD is timed to coincide with [[St. Patrick's Day]]. The St. Patrick's Day celebration in Savannah is second only to [[Boston, Massachusetts]].

Although the popularity of the first story persists, and does reflect Garrett in a better light, many historians contend that the second version is probably the accurate one. <ref>[http://www.historychannel.com/tdih/tdih.jsp?category=oldwest&month=10272953&day=10272990 The History Channel - This Day in History]</ref> <ref>[http://deborahotoole.tripod.com/Kid/ Billy the Kid: Myths and Truths]</ref>

Henry McCarty, alias Henry Antrim, alias William H. Bonney, alias Billy the Kid, was buried the next day in Fort Sumner's old military cemetery, between his fallen companions Tom O'Folliard and Charlie Bowdre. A single tombstone was later erected over the graves, giving the three outlaws' names and with the word "Pals" also carved into it.

== Notoriety, fact vs reputation ==

As with many men of the old west dubbed ''gunfighters'', his reputation outweighed the actual facts of gunfights he was involved in.

Despite being credited with the killing of 21 men in his lifetime, William H. Bonney is only known to have participated in the killing of 9 men. Five of them were during shootouts in which up to between 5 to 10 or more of the 40 plus total "Regulators" took part, therefore making it unknown whether or not it was Bonney's bullets that did the killing. Of the remaining four Bonney victims, two were in self-defense gunfights, and the other two were the killings of Deputies Bell and Ollinger during his jail escape.

==Left-handed or right-handed?==

For most of the [[20th century]], it was widely assumed that Billy the Kid was [[left-handed]]. This belief came from the fact that the only known photograph of Billy, an undated [[ferrotype]], shows him with a Model 1873 Winchester rifle in his right hand and a gun belt with a holster on his left side, where a left handed person would typically wear a pistol. The belief became so entrenched that in [[1958]], a biographical film was made about Billy the Kid called ''The Left Handed Gun'' starring [[Paul Newman]].

It wasn't until late in the 20th century when it became general knowledge that the familiar ferrotype was actually a reverse image. This version shows Billy's Model 1873 Winchester with the loading port on the left side. All Model 1873s had the loading port on the right side, proving the image was reversed, and that Billy was, in fact, wearing his pistol on his right hip. Even though the image has been proven to be reversed, the idea of a left handed Billy the Kid continues to widely circulate.

Perhaps because many people heard both of these arguments and confused them, it is widely believed that Billy the Kid was [[ambidextrous]]. Many Billy the Kid sites describe him as such. [http://www.aboutbillythekid.com/fact_vs_myth.htm] [http://frontpage.nmia.com/~btkog/brushy2.htm] [http://historynut1.tripod.com/id5.html] [http://www.angelfire.com/mi2/billythekid/chronology2.html]

==Claimants to the title==

===Brushy Bill===

In [[1950]], a lawyer named William Morrison located a man in West Texas named [[Ollie P. Roberts]], nicknamed [[Brushy Bill]], who claimed to be the actual Billy the Kid, and that he indeed had not been shot and killed by [[Pat Garrett]] in [[1881]]. Almost all historians reject the Brushy Bill claim. Among other problems, the real Billy the Kid spoke Spanish fluently and could read and write, whereas Brushy Bill apparently could not speak Spanish at all, and was illiterate.

Despite this and discrepancies in birthdates and physical appearance, the Town of [[Hico, Texas]] (Brushy Bill's residence) has capitalized on the Kid's infamy by opening the Billy The Kid Museum.

===John Miller===

Another claimant to the title of Billy the Kid, thought less likely to be a hoax, was [[John Miller (Billy the Kid Claimant)|John Miller]], whose family claimed him posthumously to be Billy the Kid in [[1938]].

Miller was buried at the state-owned Pioneers' Home Cemetery in [[Prescott, Arizona]]. Tom Sullivan, former sheriff of [[Lincoln County, New Mexico|Lincoln County]], and Steve Sederwall, former mayor of [[Capitan, New Mexico|Capitan]], disenterred the bones of John Miller in May 2005. DNA samples from the remains were sent to a lab in [[Dallas, Texas]] to be compared against traces of blood taken from a bench that was believed to be the one McCarty's body was placed on after he was shot to death. The pair had been searching for the physical remains of McCarty since [[2003]], beginning in [[Fort Sumner, New Mexico]] and eventually ending up in Arizona. To date, no results of the DNA tests have been made public.

<!-- See: [http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/national/1110AP_Billy_the_Kid.html] -->

==In film, literature, radio, and music==

Billy the Kid has been the subject or inspiration for many works of art, including:

===Books===

* [[Michael Ondaatje]]'s [[1970 in literature|1970]] book of [[poetry]] ''The Collected Works of Billy the Kid''

* [[N. Scott Momaday]]'s novel ''The Ancient Child''

* Charles Neider's [[1956 in literature|1956]] novel ''The Authentic Death of Hendry Jones''

* Bill Brooks' [[2001 in literature|2001]] novel ''The Stone Garden''

* [[Loren D. Estleman]]'s [[1998 in literature|1998]] novel ''Journey of the Dead''

* [[Larry McMurtry]]'s [[1988 in literature|1988]] novel ''Anything for Billy''

* [[Pat Garrett]]'s book ''The Authentic Life of Billy, the Kid''

* [[Jack Spicer]]'s [[1958]] serial poem ''Billy The Kid''

* Jim Wynne's book ''War in the Guadalupes''

* ''The Disinterested Killer Bill Harrigan'', a short story in [[Jorge Luis Borges]]'s ''[[A Universal History of Infamy]]''

* In [[Kafka on the Shore]] by [[Murakami Haruki]], Sakura worryingly says she doesn't want Kafka, whom she is afraid is involved in illegal activities, to die "a miserable teenage death like Billy the Kid". On hearing this Kafka corrects her, saying Billy didn't die when he was teenager but at age 21

* In the novel [[Inferno]] by [[Larry Niven]] and [[Jerry Pournelle]], a man claiming to be Billy the Kid travels with the main character for a time in an attempt to escape [[hell]]

* In the book [[The Dancers at the End of Time]] by [[Michael Moorcock]], there is reference to an 'authentic' recreation of "Lake Billy The Kid"

===Film===

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* ''[[Billy the Kid (1930 film)|Billy the Kid]]'', 1930 film directed by [[King Vidor]], starring [[Johnny Mack Brown]] as Billy and [[Wallace Beery]] as [[Pat Garrett]]

* ''[[Billy the Kid (1941 film)|Billy the Kid]]'', 1941 remake of the 1930 classic, starring [[Robert Taylor (actor)|Robert Taylor]] and [[Brian Donlevy]]

* ''[[The Outlaw]]'', [[Howard Hughes|Howard Hughes']] [[1943 in film|1943]] motion picture

* ''[[One-Eyed Jacks]]'', [[Marlon Brando]]'s [[1961 in film|1961]] motion picture

* ''[[Billy the Kid vs Dracula (film)|Billy the Kid vs Dracula]]'', [[William Beaudine]]'s [[1966 in film|1966]] motion picture with [[John Carradine]]

* ''[[The Left-Handed Gun (film)|The Left-Handed Gun]]'', [[Arthur Penn]]'s [[1958 in film|1958]] motion picture starring [[Paul Newman]]

* ''[[Chisum]]'', 1970 movie starring [[John Wayne]] as [[John Chisum]], dealing with Billy the Kid's involvement in the [[Lincoln County War]], portrayed by [[Geoffrey Deuel]]

* ''[[Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid]]'', [[Sam Peckinpah]]'s [[1973 in film|1973]] motion picture with a soundtrack by [[Bob Dylan]]

* ''[[Young Guns]]'', Christopher Cain's [[1988 in film|1988]] motion picture

* ''[[Bill And Ted's Excellent Adventure]]'', [[1989 in film|1989]] film with [[Dan Shor]]

* ''[[Young Guns II]]'', [[Geoff Murphy]]'s [[1990 in film|1990]] motion picture

* ''[[The Green Mile (film)|The Green Mile]]'', 1999 [[Stephen King]] movie in which Wild Bill claims to be a modern-day Billy the Kid

===Games===

* ''[[Billy the Kid Returns]]'', a PC game based on the life of Billy the Kid published by Alive Software in 1993

===Music===

* [[Jon Bon Jovi]]'s album ''[[Blaze of Glory]]''

* [[Charlie Daniels]]'s song, ''Billy the Kid''

* [[Billy Dean]]'s song, ''Billy the Kid''

* [[Bob Dylan]]'s album ''[[Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (album)|Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid]]'', soundtrack of the 1973 [[Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid|film]] by [[Sam Peckinpah]]

* [[Joe Ely]]'s song, ''Me and Billy The Kid''

* Brooklyn rapper [[Fabolous]] refers to himself as "the Kid, a.k.a. William H, period, Bonney," on the remix to [[Tweet (singer)|Tweet's]] ''Oops (Oh My)''

* Rapper Trick Daddy refers to Billy The Kid dying from a chest shot on T.I.'s album, Urban Legend.

* [[Ricky Fitzpatrick]]'s song, ''Ballad of Billy the Kid'', [http://rickyfitzpatrick.com]

* [[Billy Joel]]'s song, ''The Ballad of Billy The Kid''

* [[Chris LeDoux]]'s song, ''Billy the Kid''

* [[Lucky Luke]] [[comics|comic]] albums ''Billy the Kid'' ([[1962]]), and ''L'escorte'' ([[1966]]), as well as a couple of brief appearances in other Lucky Luke albums

* [[Bonnie 'Prince' Billy]] and [[Bonnie Billy]], two of the monikers used by musician [[Will Oldham]], allude, among other references, to the names Billy The Kid and William H. Bonney

* [[Tom Petty]]'s song, ''Billy The Kid''

* German Heavy Metal veterans [[Running Wild (band)]]'s song, ''Billy the Kid''

* [[Two Gallants (band)|Two Gallants]]' song ''Las Cruces Jail''

===Stage===

* [[Aaron Copland]]'s [[1938]] ballet, ''[[Billy the Kid (ballet)|Billy the Kid]]''

* [[Joseph Santley]]'s 1906 [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] play co-written by Santley, in which he also starred

===Television and Radio===

* ''[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4799493307205206852&q=nmpbs Billy the Kid]'', a New Mexico PBS documentary

* ''[[Treehouse of Horror XIII]]'' episode of ''[[The Simpsons]]'', 2002, in which the Simpsons family encounter a zombie Billy the Kid who wreaks havoc in town

* The ''[[Histeria!]]'' episode ''The Wild West'', where Billy the Kid, portrayed as an actual kid on the run from the law, hosts the show

* The radio program [[Gunsmoke]] titled ''Billy'', in which Billy is a 12 year old boy who killed a rancher with a knife and escaped at the end of the episode

==Notes==

<references />

==References==

*''The Old West: The Gunfighters'', Paul Trachtman, Time Life Books, 1974.

*''The Saga of Billy the Kid'', Walter Noble Burns.

*''Trailing Billy the Kid'', By Philip J Rasch.

*''Billy the Kid: A Short and Violent Life'', by Robert M. Utley, University of Nebraska Press, 1989.

*[http://www.desertusa.com/mag98/oct/papr/billykid.html DesertUSA: "The Desert's Baddest Boy"]

*[http://www.angelfire.com/nm/boybanditking/pageLastEscape.html The Last Escape of Billy the Kid]

==External links==

* [http://www.scad.edu/ Savannah College of Art and Design Web site]

{{wikiquote}}

* [http://www.scad.edu/lacoste/ SCAD&ndash;Lacoste in Lacoste, France]

*[http://findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=94&pt=William%20%27Billy%20The%20Kid%27%20Bonney Findagrave: Billy the Kid]

* [http://www.aboutbillythekidscad.comedu/atlanta/ AboutSCAD&ndash;Atlanta Billyin theAtlanta, KidGeorgia]

* [http://www.angelfireSCADathletics.com/mi2/billythekid/ BillySCAD the Kid: Outlaw LegendAthletics]

* [http://www.angelfirescadexhibitions.com/nm/boybanditking/pageBillyPicture.html Billy the Kid andSCAD Posse?Exhibitions]

* [http://www.ftsumnerchamberthecampuschronicle.com/fullimages/attractions2_f.jpg Billy'sThe Campus gravestoneChronicle]

* [http://www.crimelibraryscaddistrict.com/americana/kid/ Court TV's Crime Library: BillyDistrict the(student Kidnewspaper)]

* [http://www.rainedropsbeecon.comtv/fan/billythekid Billy theBeecon Kid(student Fanlistingtelevision)]

* [http://thehive.scad.edu/ The Hive (student online community)]

*''Billy the kid'' on [http://www.imdb.com/find?s=all&q=billy+the+kid Imdb]

* [http://www.scadradio.org/ SCAD Radio]

* Free digitally-voiced audiobook of [http://www.babblebooks.com/podcasts/BillyTheKid/index.htm ''The Authentic Life of Billy, The Kid by Pat F. Garrett''] at Babblebooks.com

* [http://www.scad.edu/sandarts/ Sand Arts Festival]

* [http://www.scad.edu/saf/ Sidewalk Arts Festival]

* [http://www.scad.edu/filmfest/ Savannah Film Festival]

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* [http://library.scad.edu/ Jen Library]

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