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'''''Defense of the Ancients''''', commonly known as DotA, is an Aeon of Strife-style ''custom map'' created for the game [[Warcraft 3]] by [[Blizzard Entertainment]]. Originally developed for [[Warcraft 3: Reign of Chaos]] (RoC) by Eul, the map was later ported into the Warcraft 3 expansion pack, [[The Frozen Throne]] (TFT). Currently, several variants of the map exist under the name of DotA.

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==Gameplay==

===Concept===

Two bases are set at opposite corners of the map from each other. In each base is situated a central building known as the ''Ancient'', which is also where the map derives its name. The basic aim of the game is for a team to destroy the ancient of the opposing team and to defend their own ancient.

__TOC__

Each team has six players with up to five human players, known as ''heroes''. All variants feature one computer controlled player per team. Standard variants do not support the artificial intelligence ([[AI]]) for more computer controlled players. A variant known as DOTA Mercenaries has allowed more computer controlled players, and is commonly used for training purposes or when other human players are not available to play with.

</noinclude>

=December 14=

== Japanese Nukes ==

The opposing bases produce troops, known as ''creeps'', at regular intervals of time. The creeps are produced in sets (also known as waves or spawns) composed of a number of ranged and melee units, and stream down the three lanes available on the map towards the base of the opposing team. As the creeps travel along these lanes they will battle any opposing creep they meet. Intersecting the center of the map, perpendicular to the three lanes between the bases, is a "river" traversable by heroes. Creep traveling past this center lane (represented as a river) will encounter two "towers" on their journey to the opposing base. Certain versions of DotA (Allstars/Mercenaries) have Runes in the river which can be picked up by any hero (friend or foe) to gain bonuses for a short time (such as Double Damage, Regeneration, Haste, and Illusion). Towers possess superb firepower and hitpoints, and will readily kill any creep or hero who wanders too close.

In the event of a U.S. pullout of troops in Japan, would Japan be forced to re-arm?

Without the influence of heroes, the game cannot be won by either team. Creeps will battle each other and then sacrifice themselves in pointless attacks on the towers, which will slaughter them.

Is the American presence in Japan justified due to North Korean nukes?

:They were there even before N. Korea was considered an enemy, so why not stay? --[[User:The Dark Side|The Dark Side]] 01:23, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

===Introduction to heroes===

[[Image:Dota hero attributes.png|thumb|385px|The attributes for a Level 1 spellcaster hero at the beginning of an Allstars game]]

:Why would North Korean nukes justify a presence one way or another? --[[User:24.147.86.187|24.147.86.187]] 01:57, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Heroes possess various abilities. They also possess three statistics ('''Strength''', '''Intelligence''' and '''Agility''') with every hero having a '''Primary Attribute'''. Heroes may gain levels during the game by earning experience. Experience can be earned by killing creeps which is known as ''farming''. Neutral creeps are also planted throughout the map and they may also be killed for experience and gold. Neutral creeps are not programmed to do anything except battle other characters who come too close; as such, they exist only to be killed for experience and gold. Heroes may also gain experience and gold by killing heroes from the opposing team. While the killing of heroes is not the stated aim of the game, it is nonetheless one of the pursuits towards which any experienced player strives.

::If Japan gets hit by nukes and Americans soldiers die as a result, it can be seen as an act of war. This more or less forces the USA to fight. I'm guessing they deter North Korea? --[[User:The Dark Side|The Dark Side]] 02:40, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Each player may select a hero at the start of the game from a catalogue of heroes (with the exception of certain game modes which force a player to use specific heroes, such as All Random mode). Players generally only exert control over this hero but exceptions exists whereby certain hero abilities may allow the hero to gain control of creeps or of summoned creatures.

:::Correct. Without that assurance, the Japanese would need weapons capable of deterring an NK attack, which would mean having nuclear weapons. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 06:04, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Heroes possess ratings for armor and for attack damage. Damage indicates how much a hero's attack subtracts from the recipient's Hit Points (or HP). Increasing the Primary Attribute of the hero will increase its attack damage, where every point of increase in the Primary Attribute increases the attack damage by one point. Armor reduces damage dealt to a hero by a percentage. It increases as a function of agility. A hero with a primary attribute of agility can increase both his/her armour and attack damage by increasing agility.

::::However, if I'm not mistaken, Japan agreed after WWII that they would not have a standing army and therefore they only have a defensive force of some sort. By re-arming themselves, to the extent that you seem to be referring, they'd have to break that treaty/resolution. See [[Military of Japan]] for the specifics of my foggy recollections. <tt>[[User:Dismas|Dismas]]</tt>|[[User talk:Dismas|^(talk)]] 06:27, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Every hero has a rating for Hit Points and Mana. Hit Points represent how much damage a hero can absorb before he is killed. Hit Points regenerate with time to a maximum number. The maximum number of hit points a hero has and the rate at which it regenerates is a function of the hero's strength attributes. Higher strength heroes have a higher maximum number of hit points and regenerate faster.

:::::There is talk of changing their policy of self-defence only. They sent troops to Iraq, for example. --[[User:Auximines|Auximines]] 09:40, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

A hero's [[mana]] is the amount of energy the hero has for utilising abilities or casting spells. Most (but not all) abilities are powered by mana. Mana is also regenerated over time. The maximum amount of mana and the rate of mana regeneration is a function of the intelligence of the hero.

::::::And the US wouldn't object, they would welcome a powerful ally in the region, where one is sorely needed to balance NK and China. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 03:21, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Also, every hero has a movement speed and an attack speed. The hero's movement speed determines how fast the hero moves over land. Some heros have the ability to teleport (move to another ___location on the map) or to blink (move instantaneously over a straight line distance of limited length) but this is not influenced by the movement speed. The movement speed is a base value, which is different from hero to hero, but may be modified by abilities or items.

::::::The troops in Iraq are assisting with the reconstruction only; the Japanese self-defence forces can't do front-line fighting even for UN peacekeeping missions. See [[Japan Self-Defense Forces#Peacekeeping]]. -- [[User:SCZenz|SCZenz]] 03:25, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

An attack speed determines how fast the hero strikes. A hero with double the attack speed of another hero would, therefore, strike twice as often in a given window of time. Attack speed is also determined by a base speed for each hero and influenced by agility.

:::::The self-defense only clause is written into their constitution ([[Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution]]), which they can change. -- [[User:SCZenz|SCZenz]] 03:25, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

The selection of heroes in DotA games are extensive. For example, there are over 60 different heroes in DotA Allstars.

::I think the odds of the USA (or at least the UN) getting involved anyway if North Korea started nuking people is pretty high regardless of a US presence in Japan. In any case I don't think pure deterrence theory applies here; even with a nuke it is highly asymmetrical. --[[User:24.147.86.187|24.147.86.187]] 13:41, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

A summary of the hero types based on its Primary Attributes:

* Strength - usually powerful melee attacker.

**Pros: High Hit Points, fast HP regeneration rate, high damage, usually have stun/disable

**Cons: melee, low armor, low attack speed, slow move speed, weak early game

**Examples for Classic: Commander of the Abyss, Dragon Knight

**Examples for Allstars: Rogue Knight, Skeleton King, Centaur Warchief, Slithereen Guard, Tidehunter

* Agility - archers/assassins/rapid attackers. Can be either melee or ranged.

**Pros: High Damage, fast attack speed, high Armor, passives such as Critical Strike/Evasion

**Cons: Low HP, lacks disable ability, weak early game

**Examples for Classic: Mageslayer, Zuljin

**Examples for Allstars: Drow Ranger, Bone Fletcher, Juggernaut, Shadow Fiend, Phantom Assassin

*Intelligence - spellcasters/technology users.

**Pros: Ranged, High total mana amount, fast mana regeneration rate, powerful spells, strong early game

**Cons: Low HP, low armor, weak late game

**Examples for Classic: Drenia Darkhaven, Wavebreaker

**Examples for Allstars: Crystal Maiden, Necrolyte, Lich, Prophet, Slayer

: I would conjecture that the age of warfare is nearing an end. Moreover, Koreans and Japanese are on good terms, generally speaking, I believe. So, no -- I can't see that the Japanese would beef up it's military if the US troops stationed there packed up and left. But, I am no expert. [[User:Vranak|Vranak]] 16:42, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

===Game mechanics===

Hero attributes and abilities may be augmented or modified by purchasing items. Items can be purchased using gold which is obtained by slaying creeps or other heros. Gold is also obtained by destroying towers or other structures. Hero kills made by the creeps in your team will result in the gold being placed in the team coffers and distributed to every team member. Players may not access the general team coffer. Some items cannot be purchased outright and have to be built using other items, determined by a specific recipe. Generally the higher the cost or the complexity of an item, the greater its influence on the hero's abilities. Some items grant abilities to the hero rather than augmenting a pre-existing ability or attribute.

::No, North Korea and Japan don't get along at all. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 03:24, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Due to limitations in the coding model and the Warcraft game engine (and to avoid over-powering a hero in some occasions), not all items may work with each other or with every hero, known as "stacking". As such, experience in the behavior of all items is very much an advantage in the game.

:::Probably because they are so similar to one another -- like Americans and Canadians. [[User:Vranak|Vranak]] 03:49, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Heroes who die are respawned at an area known as the "fountain". However, spawning occurs only after a waiting period which lengthens as the hero's level increases. Gold may be paid out to respawn prior to the end of the waiting period with the amount of gold necessary being proportional, once again, to the level of the hero. The death of a hero generally results in gold being subtracted from the amount of gold the player in question controls.

::::Probably more likely because North Korea threatens to nuke Japan and destabilize the region... =S [[User:Wakuran|惑乱 分からん]] 04:10, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Victory can depend on both the player's skill and teamwork. A single skilled player can make short work of a single opponent, or sometimes several at once; but likewise, several players, with proper cooperation, can easily return the favor. All variants of the game are designed with soft and hard counters in mind for items and heroes alike, and thus some heroes will be better equipped to defeat certain heroes than others.

::::: Ah yes -- my mistake. Whenever I hear 'Korea', I automatically think 'South Korea', with North Korea being more a wild and crazy hinterland up beyond the reach of South Korea's government. In that case -- how are relations between South Korea and Japan?

Some DotA is have formed clans specifically for this game, such as Clan DCE, Clan mOpD, Clan TDA, Clan ToN and Clan LSD.

::::::Those are fine, as are relations between both and Taiwan. Basically, the Asian democracies get along fairly well. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 16:10, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

::::: I had a Japanese professor, who once told the class that Japanese and Koreans couldn't readily tell each other apart. [[User:Vranak|Vranak]] 16:04, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

==DotA Classic==

This series is the original DotA, which began with Eul, the creator and first editor. This RoC map is considered by most DotA players to be the most balanced map series for DotA. Eul, the original editor and creator of DotA, has since declared his map to be [[open-source]], and currently there is no official editor for the RoC DotA maps.

:::::And then there was the issue of how NK obtained Japanese translators. Rather than put ads in newspapers, they thought a better approach would be to kidnap many Japanese citizens, then "persuade" them to work as translators. Many of those who weren't "persuaded" died "of natural causes" while in NK custody. The Japanese don't particularly appreciate this method for obtaining Japanese translators. See [[North Korean abductions of Japanese]]. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 13:09, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

However, there are still unofficial editors whose maps are hosted frequently. The most notable current editors are Fluffy_Bunny (3.7 and the 3.8x series), Ryude (3.7x series), and Danite (Rumble 3.x series, and Multimode 4.0). DotA Classic for RoC is not as popular as Allstars, but there are still clans that continue to play against each other, and the occasional tournament is held.

::You might want to read [[Japan-Korea relations]] and many articles linked from it. [[User:Shinhan|Shinhan]] 13:28, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

The most popular version on most servers is 3.7 (created by Fluffy_Bunny), while 3.6d is still played in Asia. The 3.7x, 3.8x and Rumble series are all played in decent numbers in public games.

==Articles of Confederation==

==CHAOS==

CHAOS is a Korean-language port of DotA, and is not popular outside of Asia, though it enjoys cult-like popularity there.

Was the federal government of the U.S. strong under the Articles of Confederation?

==Allstars==

:The [[Articles of Confederation]] in themselves would not have allowed the development of a strong central and executive authority, hence the adoption of the [[United States Constitution]], establishing federal government on a more secure basis. [[User:Clio the Muse|Clio the Muse]] 01:16, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

[[Image:Naz.JPG|right]]

The answer your teacher is looking for is no. [[User:Sashafklein|Sashafklein]] 04:45, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

===Development===

DotA Allstars is a Frozen Throne version of DotA, made, without Eul's involvement, by a player named Guinsoo. It contains many more heroes and items than does the original DotA, and is updated frequently, which may explain its continuing popularity. The controversy about Allstars is that a number of Classic players resent him for having 'stolen' their game, especially since he is alleged to have similarly 'borrowed' most of his triggers, spells, heroes and items from other people; Guinsoo, for his part, maintains that the map was created from scratch and based only spiritually on Eul's work. Regardless, Allstars remains widely played, and is rumored to be the most popular Warcraft 3 custom map of all time.

I feel a bit bad for that one. So: the key to this is the right to taxation, which the Articles of Confederation did not afford, because Americans were still too jumpy about taxation. The Bill of Rights was essential too. [[User:Sashafklein|Sashafklein]] 04:47, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

The latest version is 6.09b (version 6.10 is a hoax/fake map, as of the end of June 2005), now edited and updated by a new development team, under the direction of Neichus and Icefrog.

Each state saw themselves as sovereign - comparable to the EU today.[[User Talk:martianlostinspace|martianlostinspace]] 17:22, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Bugs in version 5 of AllStars prompted many to offer fixes to Guinsoo but the development of the code was opaque and release schedules were discretionary. As such, the map forked in version 5.84b with Guinsoo releasing version 6.

== step parents ==

Another developer named True.Rus (from [[Russia]]) developed a fork named 5.84c. Since the map was encrypted, True.Rus had to decrypt the map. Every version of Allstars released prior to 5.84c had focused on new functionality or heroes. The version created (or rather modified) by True.Rus did not feature any new functionality. Instead:

*It refactored the map tokens to allow for faster loading times (reports from frequent [[Battle.net]] players indicate a reduction of almost 1-2 minutes)

*It also fixed some game bugs which were considered by fans to be "imbalancing" to the game.

Where did we get the terminology 'step' parents?

===Current player trends===

The current favorite among AllStars regulars continue to be 5.84c in some places (such as [[LAN]] parties and Battle.net), mainly due to the fact that it is believed to be more stable than the later versions. 5.84b is also played, albeit less frequently. Version 6.09b is the latest official version which is also played aside from the 5.84b/c versions.

:See [[Stepfamilies]]. It comes from the middle English word ''stoep'', meaning unrelated by blood. [[User:Clio the Muse|Clio the Muse]] 00:56, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Currently, DotA Allstars is popular among players in [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Romania]], [[Korea]], the [[Phillipines]], the [[European Union]], [[Indonesia]], [[USA]] and many other countries, as observed on the Battle.net servers. Players of DotA Allstars, particularly in the [[Asia|Asian]] region, normally go to cybercafés for friendly matches or even cash tournaments.

(edit conflict)<blockquote>'''Step (father or mother, etc.)''' A prefix indicating that the person referred to is not a blood relation, but a relative only by marriage. Step, in this meaning, comes from the AngloSaxon steop, which is connected with astieped meaning bereaved. {{cite book |last=Radford |first=Edwin |title=Unusual Words and How They Came About |year=1946 |pages=p. 268}}</blockquote> Also see the entry for [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=step- step-] at the Online Etymology Dictionary.[[User:EricR|EricR]] 01:01, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Clan TDA (Team DotA Allstars) of Battle.net's "Azeroth" gateway (serving the East coast of the United States) is the clan officially charged with arranging DotA Allstars matches. Recently Clan TDA has opened a branch at the West Coast gateway, Lordaeron.

:From the www.etymonline.com: ''O.E. steop-, with connotations of "loss," in combinations like steopcild "orphan," related to astiepan, bestiepan "to bereave, to deprive of parents or children," from P.Gmc. *steupa- "bereft" (cf. O.Fris. stiap-, O.N. stjup-, Swed. styv-, M.L.G. stef-, Du. stief-, O.H.G. stiof-, Ger. stief-), lit. "pushed out," from PIE *steup-, from base *(s)teu- (see steep (adj.)). Etymologically, a stepfather or stepmother is one who becomes father or mother to an orphan, but the notion of orphanage faded in 20c. For sense evolution, cf. L. privignus "stepson," related to privus "deprived."''

==Outland==

DotA Outland is another Frozen Throne variant of DotA, maintained by Softmints of Clan EOC.

:Therefore, will the "humblest" of respect for those who may have thought otherwise, the fact is that the prefix step is not in any way derived from any ''Middle English'' word ''stOEp'', meaning unrelated by blood, but rather from the ''Old English'' prefix ''stEOp-'', a prefix meant to indicate a sense of loss. As a case in point, an adopted child is never referred to as a stepchild, despite having no blood relation. [[User:Loomis51|Loomis]] 16:28, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Although less well known than Allstars, but updated far more frequently. It is more hero-based than item based, slower-paced game than Allstars, and the heroes are entirely different.

::If multiple sources say different things then there is probably a dispute over the true origins of this word. Interesting stuff. Is anyone going to add this to the wikipedia? [[User:David D.|David D.]] [[User talk:David D.|(Talk)]] 18:00, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Please see [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/step-]. Middle English from Old English, meaning related by remarriage rather than by blood. The intelligent approach is not to be dogmatic in matters of definition. [[User:Clio the Muse|Clio the Muse]] 19:37, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

===Introduction of Outland===

Information by the Outland creator; adapted from the DotA Outland page.

:Since many of us often don't have the time to click on links or references to verify that they indeed say what they're purported to say, I've reproduced the above link for everyone's convenience:

* Compared to EotA: It's a more hero-based AoS, with less building/upgrade emphasis. It's also a faster game.

* Compared to Allstars: Less emphasis on crushing the opponents with mass items; though mass pawnage is still possible.

* Compared to [[Tides of Blood]]: More heros and less emphasis on buildings.

* Items are way less powerful and more character-specific. (For example don't use a Lothars Annihalator with a hero like Iviyst or Lividus.)

* Recipes located outside the enterance of the fountain, four books on pedestals. Level 4 items aren't imbalanced, considering generally high cold costs and not too strong values.

* The "Challenge" aspect (see below).

:First there's the definition:

==="Challenge" aspect===

''Challs'' - ''Challenges'', much like the [[Rune]] powerups in Allstars, are an interesting aspect of Outland. A player picks up a rune, gets a positive buff (Bloodlust, Invisibility) and is then given a challenge to complete. If the player succeeds, he gains 1000 gold; failure will cause the loss of 1000 gold and a level.

:step-

The ''Challenges'' are:

:a prefix denoting connection between members of a family by the remarriage of a parent and not by blood: stepbrother.

* Assassination: A hero on the enemy team is singled out, and must be killed within 3 minutes.

* Survival: survive for 5 minutes, with a 2000 gold bounty on your head, you are enemies to both your creeps and towers, and their creeps - no hiding in your base. Your ___location is pinged for all players every 7 seconds.

* Gold Rush: Gather 2000 gold before you die, bloodlusted.

* Rampage: Kill 50 creeps before you die.

:Then there's the ''etymology'', or, in the words of the original questioner, "where we '''GOT''' the terminology":

Only one challenge of each type can be active at any one time, but two challenges can be held at the same time by a single player (Advisable to choose Gold Rush and another challenge).

:[Origin: ME; OE stéop-; c. G stief-, ON stjūp- step-; akin to OE āstépan to bereave, bestépan to deprive (of children)]

:Therefore, I would respectfully submit, with all due respect and with the uttermost of humility, that the statement that the term "step-" originated: "Middle English from Old English, meaning related by remarriage rather than by blood" is patently false. No such Middle English or Old English word ever existed. [[User:Loomis51|Loomis]] 02:38, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

== Lingo ==

The following are commonly used in DotA games as a mean of communicating with other players. They are also known as the "DotA language" (''Note: some of the following terms might only be relevant to the DotA Allstars version).

::As pointed out above, the authorities disagree about this issue. The first suggested etymology is not 'patently false', but it is not certainly true, either. The same applies to Loomis's suggestion. Unless there are any experts on Old English lurking here, we should leave it at that. [[User:Sam Clark|Sam Clark]] 14:50, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

=== Instructions ===

*''b'' - Short for "back", used to cue team members to retreat.

*''d'' - Short for "drop", often used to urge other players to drop a lagging player

*''rax'' - used to signal team members to destroy important structures of opponent's base, such as barracks, tower, throne/world tree etc. (The term ''rax''/''racks'' originates from the short form for Barracks).

For next time, this type of question might get better results on the Language Ref Desk. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 06:01, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

=== Game Modes ===

''Note: this applies for DotA AllStars only.''

== Eucharist ==

These command are usually typed by the host during the first 45 seconds of each game and is often seen in the room title.

Why is that in Roman Catholic churches, during communion, only the priest drinks the wine, while the worshippers only receives the bread?

*''-ap'' - Short for "All Pick"; player may pick hero from either teams tavern.

And why does Protestant churches gives the wine and bread to everyone, unlike the Catholic church?

*''-ar'' - Short for "All Random"; All Player starts off with a random hero.

Thanks

*''-du'' - Short for "Duplicate Mode"; more than 1 of the same hero may be selected.

:Habit, really. You describe one type of communion in Roman Catholic churches, but it's not the only type. When the worshippers receive bread only, it's "communion under one species", and when they receive both bread and wine, it's "communion under both species". Communion under one species was adopted because it's quicker and easier; communion under both species is usually reserved for special occasions. The priest celebrating the Mass, however, always receives under both kinds, as this was held to be essential to the nature of the Mass. This was all decided at the [[Council of Trent]] as a reaction against those who denied the Real Presence or who held that attendees (as opposed to the celebrant) at a Mass were required to receive under both species. And since the dissenting groups were the spiritual fathers of the Protestant churches, and since the doctrine provided a way to distinguish Protestant from Catholic, Protestants adopted it in various forms. The specific dogma in its latter form is [[utraquism]]. - <span style="font-family: cursive">[[User:Nunh-huh|Nunh-huh]]</span> 01:12, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

*''-mm'' - Short for "Mirror Match"; both teams are given the exact same heroes. Only works with All Random.

::Many Catholic churches offer the wine to the congregation. A good number do not, true, probably out of habit as described above (good answer by the way.) But all of the Catholic churches I have ever attended with regularity (about 6) have offered the wine every Sunday.--[[User:Dmz5|Dmz5]] 02:12, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

*''-re'' - Short for "Reverse"; heroes are chosen by the enemy team.

:::That's funny. I'm not Christian, but I'm pretty sure that drinking the wine (ie blood) in communion is a major part of Catholicism. That was the central cause of one of the first protestant (not called such, but) movements ever. Check out the [[Hussites]] and [[Jan Hus]] if you're interested. The distinction between [[transubstantiation]] and [[consubstantiation]] is a major one between Catholicism and [[Lutheranism]] as well, so it seems strange that the current Catholic church which is usually pretty doctrinal, would not give the wine. Whatever. Just find that interesting. [[User:Sashafklein|Sashafklein]] 05:16, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

*''-sc'' - Short for "Super Creeps"; some random super creeps may spawn every creep wave.

::::Yes, the Hussites were utraquists, so the first part of your statement is backwards. The Hussites wanted congregants to receive under both species and adopted the chalice as their emblem, while non-heretical Catholics received the bread alone. <span style="font-family: cursive">[[User:Nunh-huh|Nunh-huh]]</span> 08:32, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

*''-sm'' - Short for "Short Mode"; building and tower HP are reduced.

:::And I suppose protestants drinking the wine are just flaunting the reformation. :) Also, i think it's called communion in Catholic tradition and eucharist in anglican, though I may be wrong. [[User:Sashafklein|Sashafklein]] 05:18, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

::::Interesting, I grew up Catholic and don't remember ever '''not''' being offered wine (blood) during communion. <tt>[[User:Dismas|Dismas]]</tt>|[[User talk:Dismas|^(talk)]] 06:23, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

=== Actions ===

:::::All a function of when and where you grew up, I think. - <span style="font-family: cursive">[[User:Nunh-huh|Nunh-huh]]</span> 08:32, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

*''creep'' - A creep is a unit that is not controlled by a player. Killing a creep yields gold for the player that killed it. In DoTA this refers to those fighting on the two sides as well as neutral ones.

*''farm'' - This refers to the strategy of exclusively killing creeps in order to purchase better weapons and gain experience faster. More specifically, with the absence of enemy heroes.

*''gang bang (gb)/rape'' - the act of multiple Heroes converging on one hero to kill that hero.

*''pawn'' - Generally means 'to kill an enemy Hero'.

*''push'' - Teams push when multiple players on the same team mass in one lane, usually with the intent of destroying an enemy tower or creep generator.

::::::Where I live, they only give us the Blood on Sundays, and then only in a very few churches. I remember reading that the Body and the Blood (bread and wine) are actually the same; it doesn't matter which you recieve, because the Blood is in the Body, and vice-versa. | [[User:AndonicO|<font face="Papyrus" color="Black">'''A'''</font><font face="Papyrus" color="DarkSlateGray">ndonic</font><font face="Papyrus" color="Black" size="2">'''O'''</font>]] <small>^{<font face="Times New Roman" color="Tan">[[User talk:AndonicO|''Talk'']]</font> | <font face="Times New Roman" color="Tan">[[User:AndonicO/My Autograph Book|''Sign Here'']]</font>}</small> 11:27, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

=== Strategies ===

*''bs/backstab'' - the tactic of ambushing (backstabbing) heroes; which is common among stealth heroes such as Stealth Assassin and Bounty Hunter.

*''pump'' - the process of team members pooling items to a single player, especially expensive and powerful items for the purpose of buffing a particular hero; sometimes seen as bad sportsmanship. Clan TDA condones pumping to up to 3000 gold worth of permanent items per player.

*''backdooring/skipping/cheeseing'' - tactic of going behind the current enemy line, with characters that have teleporting features, such as the Prophet (hero in AllStars), and destroying enemy structures without killing creeps first. Clan TDA defines backdooring as initiating an attack on an enemy structure without the presence of supporting creeps. Many players consider this underhanded to the point of cheating and it is is hotly debated as to whether backdooring should be allowed in official games.

::In many protestant churches, they give grape juice instead of wine. My church held communion once a month with grape juice, and on special occasions with wine (Ash Wednesday, usually). -[[User:Sthomson06|sthomson]] 16:14, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

=== Insults ===

*''feeder'' - Refers to a player who is pawned by opponent's heroes to gain experience/gold at a faster rate (This action of dying continuously can also be described as ''noobie action'' or simply ''noob''). A feeder is generally an annoyance or a burden to the team who may ultimately lead to the downfall of their team mates.

*''lamer'' - A player who knows the heroes, tactics and/or items and has played a lot but that does not improve his quality of playing. Occasionally as an insult to enemy players.

*''leaver'' - Some players disconnect from a game particularly when they cannot win. To deliberately disconnect is to be a leaver. Players disconnecting for any reason may be called leavers as an insult. Generally a leaving player makes it harder for his team mates to win and makes victory by the other team less satisfying.

*''noob/noobie/newb/newbie/etc.'' - Refers to a player who is new to the game and does know the heroes, tactics and/or items. Is often said in a disparaging manner. ''Newbie'' is usually less harsh than ''noob''. Reason: ''Newbie'' may be a term of merely "beginner level" - a newbie is often helped and given explanation by others, and usually strives to learn more about the game. ''Noob'' is mostly used in insulting other players especially players who are arrogant.

*''puller'' - A player who lags too much from the other players may be disconnected due to high lag times. Prior to disconnecting the game is frozen and a count down timer is shown. Some players deliberately pull their connections (i.e. physically pulling out the [[Ethernet]] cable, hence the name) to lag out as they cannot bear the shame of outright leaving the game.

*"†" - more commonly used by the Euro DotA population, sent to the opponent to taunt him after a kill, due to the reminiscence of a gravestone (input via [[ASCII]] code ALT+0134 on the Numeric Keypad).

That just made me think. If Catholic's believe that the wine they are ingesting literally becomes the blood of Christ when it's drunk ([[transubstantiation]]), then they can't believe that what they are drinking is alcoholic, because that would counter their belief. So isn't the replacement of wine with grape juice (presumably so members, especially kids, don't consume alcohol) an unintentional sign of disbelief in the theory of transubstantiation? That's sort of funny. [[User:Sashafklein|Sashafklein]] 01:42, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

=== Comments ===

*''bg'' - Short for "bad game." Usually used when a leaver/lagger/newbie destroys the entire gameplay.

*''gg'' - Short for "good game." Literally, it is just an expression to show that the players appreciate the game. May also mean "a good match"; or said out of courtesy during the game's end.

*''rr/rm/rmk/rs'' - Short for "restart round"/"restart match"/"remake"/"restart."

:Actually, we Catholics believe the wine is Christ's Blood before we drink it too, beggining with the time when it's blessed. | [[User:AndonicO|<font face="Papyrus" color="Black">'''A'''</font><font face="Papyrus" color="DarkSlateGray">ndonic</font><font face="Papyrus" color="Black" size="2">'''O'''</font>]] <small>^{<font face="Times New Roman" color="Tan">[[User talk:AndonicO|''Talk'']]</font> | <font face="Times New Roman" color="Tan">[[User:AndonicO/My Autograph Book|''Sign Here'']]</font>}</small> 10:19, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

=== Hero classifications ===

''Note: this applies for DotA AllStars only:''

*''assassins'' - heroes which specialize at killing other heroes quickly through physical damage. Some have invisibility(Bone Clinkz, Bounty Hunter)

*''disablers'' - heroes which possess the ability to disable other characters with Hex (skills like Voodoo).

*''nukers'' - heroes which possess the ability to cause massive amounts of damage in a single instant usually via use of abilities(Lion).

*''pushers'' - heroes which can quickly destroy enemy towers/creep generators(Prophet, Silencer, Keeper of the Light)

*''spammers'' - heroes which spam offensive spells repeatedly in an attempt to hero kill or disrupt the opponents play (this frequently causes enemy heroes to go back to their "fountain" to heal, thereby wasting time and Hero experience points).

*''stunners'' - heroes which possess the ability to stun other characters, such as Impale, Storm Bolt, and Burrowstrike.

*''tankers'' - heroes which can absorb huge amounts of damage (high HP/armor), typically used to destroy enemy towers.

:And actually, Catholics believe it is wine as well as the blood of Christ, and are fully aware that it contains alcohol. - <span style="font-family: cursive">[[User:Nunh-huh|Nunh-huh]]</span> 23:29, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

=== Miscellaneous ===

::And, I am not aware of any Roman Catholic congregation that replaces wine with grape juice for the sacrament. That happens in some protestant denominations, but I have neither seen it nor heard of it in RC churches. - [[User:EronMain|Eron]] ^{[[User Talk:EronMain|Talk]]} 23:57, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

*''inhouse'' - a game in which players who join are from a specific channel/clan, usually seen as more a competitive style of play as opposed to public games.

*''pub'' - a public game, opposite of "inhouse".

*''player 13'' - Neutral creeps.

*''sk'' or ''sandking'' - Often regarded as a "bugged" hero by players (in AllStars) due to a bug which allows the Sand King hero to cast Epicenter while it's underground (only in previous versions). May also refer to the Skeleton King or Soul Keeper, though soul keeper is usually referred to as tb.

*''Roshan'' - The strongest neutral creep in the map. All players of the faction will obtain +800gold if it were to be slain by players of that particular faction.

*''sg'' - a suffix often added to game titles meaning the game host is from Singapore and therefore prefering Singaporean players. This is because the geographical closeness of players within the game affects latency. Sometimes mistaken as "short game." Join these games at your own risk, as most players cannot speak English, are unskilled, and will leave for any reason.

*''tb'' - TerrorBlade, the Soul Keeper (Allstars).

*''techies'' - Goblin Techies, the mine layer Hero in Allstars.

*''FoD'' or ''finger'' - Finger of Death, Lion's (Allstars) ultimate skill.

*''creep'' - Killing the neutral creeps for money.

*''fatty'' or ''fat man'' (and derivatives) - Pudge, a Scourge hero (Allstars), due to its size and high HP.

==Efforts of congress to secure fundamental rights==

=== Verbal Acknowledgements ===

''Note: this applies for DotA AllStars only.''

evaluate the efforts of the congress and the supreme court in their efforts to secure the fundamental rights guaranteed to all citize

In DotA AllStars, when a player is able to execute 3 or more consecutive kills on an enemy without dying in the process, all players will receive a verbal acknowledgement as credit for performing this feat. They are:

:No please? That sounds more like an order anyways. Just think [[net neutrality]]! --[[User:The Dark Side|The Dark Side]] 02:41, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

* 3 - killing spree

* 4 - dominating

* 5 - mega kill

* 6 - unstoppable

* 7 - wicked sick

* 8 - m-m-m-m....monster kill

* 9 - godlike

* 10+ - holy sh*t (''somebody stop him!'')

These may be familiar to players of [[Unreal Tournament]], the source from which they derive.

:Did some US History teacher just unleash all his/her students on the wikipedia reference desk? You have a book, you know. You'll want to look at the [[Bill of Rights]], although that isn't Congress, yet. [[User:Sashafklein|Sashafklein]] 05:12, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Also, in version 6.09b, when a player's hero executes the 1st kill of the game, he/she will get extra 200 gold and also a verbal acknowledgement (does not apply to the first creep/tower/neutral unit kill).

* 1st kill - First blood

:Sure - how many words and when's it due in? The [http://www.ukessays.com price] [http://www.ivythesis.com typically] [http://www.essayrelief.co.uk depends] on those --[[User:Mnemeson|Mnem]][[User:Mnemeson/Esperanza|<font color="green">e</font>]][[User_Talk:Mnemeson|son]] 18:30, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Other sounds common to all AllStars versions include:

* Double kill - two Hero kills within a short amount of time

* Triple kill - three Hero kills within a short amount of time (any more Hero kills executed in that timeframe will result in 'Triple kill' being repeated)

* Ownage - when a team gets 5 or more Hero kills in a row without any hero deaths on their side.

::Seriously, with respect to Congress and the Supreme Court's efforts to secure fundamental rights of citizens, on a scale from 7 to 63, I'd give them a 42. [[User:Loomis51|Loomis]] 02:17, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

==Links==

*[http://www.thewarcenter.com/forums/index.php?showforum=57 Classic DotA forums]

*[http://www.quantumdx.net/dota DotA Classic site]

*[http://www.dota-allstars.com DotA Allstars site] ''for DotA AllStars - The .com and .info sites have been merged, thus forming the only official site (Still at the same address as www.dota-allstars.com). The remaining .com and .info will be left as an archive for browsing only.''

*[http://www.dotaportal.com DotA Allstars Portal]

*[http://dotaoutland.tt.cx DotA Outland forums]

I'm a lawyer who volunteers at the National Constitution Center. I have just completed a legal writing sample on the Establishment Clause and faith-based organizations. Oh, to be young again and have home work. Actually, I did mine!

[[Category: Warcraft]]

Loomis's scale has me in hysterics.[[User:75Janice|75Janice]] 03:40, 15 December 2006 (UTC)75Janice 10:30, 14 December 2006

I'm going against my better judgment. Homework isn't really about the actual knowledge of facts as the discipline, complying with rules, etc. Current events topics-The Patriot Act, habeus corpus rights for prisoners at Guatanamo Bay. Also, I don't know if this is still active-I saw in the New York Times that Arlen Specter had secret negotiations with the Bush Administration to establish intelligence courts for terrorists but the U.S. Supreme Court would not have jurisdiction to decide whether the legislation was valid. A secret court would decide and keep its decision secret. You can simplify these or you can write tomes on each. All are recent attempts by the Executive Branch to increase its powers. Congress asserting that only it can increase those powers. The Court stating it will decide ultimately. This is the most exciting time for this topic since the Civil War. [[User:75Janice|75Janice]] 18:18, 17 December 2006 (UTC)75Janice 6:16 UTC, 17 December 2006

== history american ==

to what extent did the political activities of the grangers, populist, progressives, and mckrackers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries influence american political?

strict thanks

:The [[History of the United States (1865-1918)]] would be a good place to look for some of the answers. [[User:Clio the Muse|Clio the Muse]] 01:53, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

:You might also check out the article on [[Richard Hofstadter]]'s book ''[[The Age of Reform]]''. --[[User:24.147.86.187|24.147.86.187]] 01:58, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

You might want to start out with [[Grange movement]], [[Populists]], [[Progressives]], and [[Muckraking]], (pretty obvious) as well as [[Teddy Roosevelt]]. The muckrakers don't really fit in there as well, because the others were all political parties (/social movements). For muckraking, take a look also at [[Yellow Journalism]], [[The Jungle]], [[The Boston Herald]], [[Joseph Pulitzer]], [[RMS Lusitania]] etc.

== history 202 ==

explain the meaning of Prior to the 1930's the popular social policy was "rugged individualism and self reliance." As a result of the "great depression" that policy has been changed substantially

:See the articles on [[individualism]] (if you do a "find" you can get to the "rugged" variety), and the [[Great Depression]]. Come back if you have specific questions that would help you on your homework. --[[User:24.147.86.187|24.147.86.187]] 02:03, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Do your own homework.

::And I'm just guessing that your textbook has sections entitled "The Great Depression" and something like "The Roaring Twenties" as well as references to [[Social Darwinism]] and the such. Search out that chapter, and it should all be there. Regardless of the fact that you should really be doing your own work, you will almost undoubtedly find a more direct answer in your book. [[User:Sashafklein|Sashafklein]] 04:29, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

== Films featuring the British Royal House of Stuart ==

Some Tudor films are well known, as are several Mediaeval ones. Would you please inform me of what films feature any of the Stuarts, from their Scottish days to their Pretender days? Any or all are appreciated. Thank you. [[User:Rhode Islander|Rhode Islander]] 05:17, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

:That might seem to be a lot, considering that the period in question is from 1371 to 1746, but I do not think there are that many dealing with the subject directly. [[Mary, Queen of Scots (film)|Mary Queen of Scots]], is probably the best covered, with two or more movies that feature her life directly or indirectly, like the one I have linked here. [[Cromwell (film)|Cromwell]] touches in part on the life of Charles I, as does ''To Kill a King'', starring Tim Roth. There have also been some film depictions of Bonnie Prince Charlie, including a really dreadful one starring [[David Niven]]. [[Restoration (film)|Restoration]] features his great-uncle, Charles II. That's about it, I think; or at least its all I can drag up from memory. [[User:Clio the Muse|Clio the Muse]] 06:22, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

:Dont' know if it helps much, but try these: [http://us.imdb.com/Character?James%20I] [http://www.imdb.com/Character?Charles%20I] [http://us.imdb.com/Character?Bonnie%20Prince][http://us.imdb.com/Character?Charles%20II] [http://us.imdb.com/Character?William%20III] [http://us.imdb.com/Character?Queen%20Anne]. [[User:AndyJones|AndyJones]] 13:29, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

:Also ''[[Charles II: The Power & the Passion]]'', a British TV drama series about his life, and ''[[Stage Beauty]]'', which also prominently features Charles II. ''[[The First Churchills]]'', another British TV drama series, deals with the era from Charles II to Anne. -- [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] 16:52, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

== Sleigh ride ==

HI! I would like to know how the orchestra produces the horse's neigh at the end of the song "Sleigh Ride." The clop of the horse's hooves and the crack of the whip may also be produced with instruments. Thank you! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleigh_Ride

:By orchestra, do you mean Mozart's? Or do the others have an orchestra as well? It's probably a recording; I doubt a coplex sound like that could be played by an instrument. | [[User:AndonicO|<font face="Papyrus" color="Black">'''A'''</font><font face="Papyrus" color="DarkSlateGray">ndonic</font><font face="Papyrus" color="Black" size="2">'''O'''</font>]] <small>^{<font face="Times New Roman" color="Tan">[[User talk:AndonicO|''Talk'']]</font> | <font face="Times New Roman" color="Tan">[[User:AndonicO/My Autograph Book|''Sign Here'']]</font>}</small> 12:18, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

::[[Trumpets]] are sometimes used to simulate the neighing. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/orchestras/guide/trumpet.shtml BBC's Guide to the Orchestra] even has a sound clip. The [[Whip (instrument)|whip]] is a member of the percussion section, and [[wood block]]s, [[temple block]]s, plastic cups, or [[Monty Python and the Holy Grail|coconut shells]] are sometimes used for the clip-clop of hooves. ---[[User:Sluzzelin|Sluzzelin]] 12:33, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

::: In [[Leroy Anderson]]'s Christmas classic "Sleigh Ride", written for the [[Boston Pops]] orchestra and in a 1948 band arrangement by Anderson (Mills Music, New York) the trumpet (or cornet) player simulates the horse whinney bypressing the valves partway down, making the tone of a muted and indeterminate pitch, [[glissando]]ing to a high note, then glissandoing down while shaking the instrument for about 3 bars. This half-valve technique was used by jazz trumpeters such as [[Louis Armstrong]] datng back to very early jazz recordings. The whip crack in the second-to-last measure is made by the drummer using a [[Whip (instrument)|slapstick]], which is an instrument with two hinged wood pieces which slap together when a whip-crack motion is made, or by the drummer doing a [[rimshot]] if he does not have a slapstick. [[User:Edison|Edison]] 17:25, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

== archetypes in world religions ==

I am compiling a research project on how the use of archetypes in many Indo-European religions suggests that these religions share a common heritage as offshoots of an earlier proto-Indo-European faith. Could anyone pleases suggest any sources, either electronic or printed, that could help me find a discussion of such archetypes as trees, the sun, serpents, etc.?

:Not an answer, just to check you've already looked at [[Proto-Indo-European religion]] and the links therein. especially [[[[Proto-Indo-European religion#Mythology]][[User:83.100.174.70|83.100.174.70]] 13:55, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

::[[The Golden Bough]] --[[User:Harvestman|<font color="blue"> DLL </font>]] ^{[[User talk:Harvestman |<font color="green"> .. T</font>]]} 17:55, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

: you should check out Mircea Eliade's "The Myth of Eternal Return." He talks about the mountain as the point where heaven and earth meet as an archetype in all religions. Also helpful would be Peter Berger's "The Sacred Canopy" and you should look at Clifford Geertz as well. Hope that helps some. <small>—The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[Special:Contributions/71.139.0.3|71.139.0.3]] ([[User talk:71.139.0.3|talk]]) 06:15, 17 December 2006 (UTC).</small><!-- HagermanBot Auto-Unsigned -->

== Reliable source for used book prices? ==

I am interested in including the price of an out-of-print book in a Wikipedia article I am considering drafting (Octavia Butler's [[Patternist_series|''Survivor'']]). IMHO, the story of why the book has never been reprinted is interesting and notable, and the recent price of the used book would be an interesting nugget, if I can source it.

Is there a [[WP:RS|reliable source]] for the price of used science fiction books that I can dig up in the library? Thanks, [[User:TheronJ|TheronJ]] 15:21, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

:[http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchResults?bx=off&sts=t&ds=30&bi=0&an=butler%2C+octavia&y=12&tn=survivor&x=55&sortby=2 This] abebooks.com search suggests - to my surprise - that you can't find a copy for under $200. Wouldn't Abebooks be a reliable source for this purpose? Cheers, [[User:Sam Clark|Sam Clark]] 15:29, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

:*That price is part of the interesting thing. I'd prefer a print source if I can get one. Is there a used science fiction book version of the [[Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide|Overstreet Guide]]? Thanks, [[User:TheronJ|TheronJ]] 15:33, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

== Rebuilding of cities ==

I have the feeling that after a major war / disaster / destruction event, cities tend to be rebuilt in very similar fashion to the way they were before (at least in terms of street layout) - for instance, London after the [[Great Fire of London]]. I was wondering - are there any examples of cities where the city plan was greatly altered during the rebuilding, perhaps in a centrally planned fashion (after all, the rebuilding of a city may offer the chance to try and lay out the city in a 'sensible' fashion, rather than through centuries of piecemeal growth)? I was thinking perhaps of German cities destroyed during World War II, but honestly have no idea if it was done at that point. Thanks in advance for any input! &mdash; [[User:QuantumEleven|Quantum]]<i>[[User_talk:QuantumEleven|Eleven]]</i> 15:34, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

:I suppose that this violates the rule against original research, but my (unpublished) masters thesis addressed this question in post-war Berlin. This was one of the most important differences between the post-war redevelopment of West Berlin and that of East Berlin. In West Berlin, the existing pattern of real-estate titles and parcels prevented the wholesale reconfiguration of the city, with the exception of a few small areas, where the previous owners were bought out. In East Berlin, such constraints were not allowed to deter central planners from reconfiguring the urban fabric. In fact, many of the smaller streets in the core of East Berlin were wiped from the map, and new grand boulevards (such as [[Karl-Marx-Allee]]) were laid out across the bombed-out cityscape and lined with massive edifices in Stalin's favored "wedding cake" style, which replaced the smaller-scale prewar buildings. [[User:Marco polo|Marco polo]] 16:08, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

:For another example take a look at [[Haussmann's renovation of Paris]]. [[User:Gandalf61|Gandalf61]] 16:19, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

::An obvious one: [[Nero#Great Fire of Rome|The Great Fire of Rome]]. | [[User:AndonicO|<font face="Papyrus" color="Black">'''A'''</font><font face="Papyrus" color="DarkSlateGray">ndonic</font><font face="Papyrus" color="Black" size="2">'''O'''</font>]] <small>^{<font face="Times New Roman" color="Tan">[[User talk:AndonicO|''Talk'']]</font> | <font face="Times New Roman" color="Tan">[[User:AndonicO/My Autograph Book|''Sign Here'']]</font>}</small> 16:42, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

:There is one other Classical example I can think of-[[Aelia Capitolina]], built by the Emperor Hadrian on the ruins of Jerusalem. There are very few cities where rebuilding has not attempted to capture something of the old spirit, even the bombed out cities of World War II. Warsaw is a case in point. I suspect the 'sensible' replanning of East Berlin had as much to do with questions of social and political control, much like Haussmann's Paris, rather than the pursuit of enlightenment and order in urban space as an end in itself. But Hausmann had a sense of beauty and of style, unlike the planners of Walter Ulbricht's Berlin. The remodelling of Paris, incidentally, did not follow from war or disaster. [[User:Clio the Muse|Clio the Muse]] 02:18, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

::Agreed. Specifically, the wide avenues in East Berlin allowed easy access to tanks, in case they were needed to control the population. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 03:07, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

: [[Edo]] (now Tokyo) was burned to the ground several times. I dont know how different was it after each fire. Maybe you could research "Meireki no Taika" which article says was the most dramatic fire. [[User:Shinhan|Shinhan]] 13:38, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

::I know that after the Second World War the Americans were quite annoyed that the Japanese immediately rebuilt Tokyo with the same scramble of small streets and lanes.- [[User:SimonP|SimonP]] 00:55, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

== Who killed Laura Palmer? (Twin Peaks spoilers) ==

Was it her father?

[[User:YXYX|YXYX]] 15:48, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

For those that don't know, YXYX is referring to the TV series [[Twin Peaks]]. [[User:Pesapluvo|Pesapluvo]] 00:58, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

{{spoiler}}

:Yes. [[User:Skarioffszky|Skarioffszky]] 16:17, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

:Well, sort of. You can find the Twin Peaks episode summaries on numerous websites to explain it more clearly. Leland (her father) kills her while "possessed" by Bob, a spirit from the 'Black Lodge'. It's first explained in the episode ''Arbitrary Law'', and is fully shown in the film ''[[Fire Walk With Me]]''. [[User:Pesapluvo|Pesapluvo]] 00:58, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

{{endspoiler}}

Thank you. O,by the way,someone changed the question(topic) headline by adding "(Twin Peaks spoilers)". Original question was without that.

[[User:YXYX|YXYX]] 11:04, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

== no shows ==

Moving this to miscelaneous... [[User:Adaptron|Adaptron]] 18:04, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

== numbers in orchestration ==

Hi. What does a series of numbers like this: 2 1 2 2 - 2 2 2 0 mean in the context of musical orchestration? [[User:Lesgles|Lesgles]] (<small>[[User_talk:Lesgles|talk]]</small>) 17:11, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Sorry, but you'll have to define context even more accurately. It could mean fingering, for example. What instrument? Above or below the line of music?[[User Talk:martianlostinspace|martianlostinspace]] 17:20, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

:It probably refers to the numbers of wind players in sections: e.g. two flutes, one oboe, two clarinets, two bassoons, two trumpets, two horns, two trombones. It also depends on the type of music: I'm assuming a standard orchestra for the European classical music tradition. [[User:Antandrus|Antandrus ]] [[User_talk:Antandrus|(talk)]] 17:21, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

::Antandrus is right, see [http://www.hickeys.com/pages/puporch.htm here]. ---[[User:Sluzzelin|Sluzzelin]] 17:24, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

:::Thanks for the explanation and the link. It's a work by Copland, so it would fit the standard European model.. [[User:Lesgles|Lesgles]] (<small>[[User_talk:Lesgles|talk]]</small>) 17:40, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Good point - I hadn't thought of that, and it seems more likely than my suggestion: especially i n the example Sluz gave. But that doesn't refute the possibility of fingering completely. In some instruments - eg. piano, strings - this is ''very'' important. Perhaps Les could give '''the context''' (as was requested above) which would finish this.[[User Talk:martianlostinspace|martianlostinspace]] 22:36, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

:It's winds. Offhand I'd guess it was the scoring of ''[[Appalachian Spring]]'' -- the second, i.e. the larger orchestral version, except that I'm pretty sure it uses two oboes. Could also be ''[[Billy the Kid (ballet)|Billy the Kid]]''. Copland liked smaller orchestras, e.g. winds in pairs, because it's easier to fit them in the pit, and he scored a lot of ballets. This nomenclature is common. [[User:Antandrus|Antandrus ]] [[User_talk:Antandrus|(talk)]] 00:13, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

And it does appear on the ''front page'', or ''title'' of the work in question (as opposed to ''above the line of music'', that would indicate strings)?[[User Talk:martianlostinspace|martianlostinspace]] 15:01, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

(s)he says 'in orchestration' so it's clearly not fingering. it's definitely the number of instruments in each section. this is a standard format that took me a while to remember, but you'll get used to it. --[[User:81.111.18.84|81.111.18.84]] 21:19, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

==Iraq / Vietnam US deaths==

Iraq ~3000 US soldiers dead, Vietnam ~ 60,000 dead. But has anyone done a month by month comparison? Vietnam went on longer than Iraq so far - how many US dead in Vietnam ''at a comparable point in time''?

[http://www.lies.com/wp/2003/10/20/us-deaths-in-vietnam-and-iraq-by-month/] Got it!

:One caution, though, the Vietnam War started slowly (at least for the US), with minimal casualties as a result, while the Iraq war started rapidly, with an invasion. If you compared the Iraq War to the worst months in Vietnam, I'd think Vietnam would be far worse. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 02:55, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

::The first three years of Vietnam (65-67) saw 19,607 U.S. deaths while the first three years in Iraq saw around 2,500. [[User:Rmhermen|Rmhermen]] 03:36, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

:::Every month from 1966-1971 had a higher number of deaths than the worst month in Iraq. Not sure about other years of the war.[http://members.aol.com/warlibrary/vwc24.htm][http://www.icasualties.org/oif/US_chart.aspx]. [[User:Rmhermen|Rmhermen]] 03:41, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

::::Thanks: you posted just before me: good links. [[User:Antandrus|Antandrus ]] [[User_talk:Antandrus|(talk)]]

:::Stu is right: they were profoundly different in that the U.S. got involved progressively in Vietnam, and suddenly and forcefully in Iraq. The peak and bloodiest year of the war for the U.S. was 1968. Even at the start, it was bad: in just three days at [[Battle of Ia Drang|Ia Drang]] in 1965, 234 Americans were killed. Don't know how many wounded (I'm skeptical of that 242 figure in the article), but it was a bloody affair. And that was early in the war. Here's an interesting site: [http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/other/stats/warcost.htm] 526 KIA per month for the U.S. for the 90 months of the war. It doesn't break out 1968, but that's the longest stretch of the [[Vietnam Memorial|Wall]], and I'm old enough to remember the evening news daily body counts. [[User:Antandrus|Antandrus ]] [[User_talk:Antandrus|(talk)]] 03:56, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

::::However, note that the source the question asker posted puts the start of the Vietnam War in 1961, not 1965. At that stage the US really did just have "military advisors" helping the South Vietnamese, so casualties were light. However, that term continued to be used, euphemistically, even after it turned into a full scale war with direct American combat troops on the front lines. I fear that the source he found, and in particular the first chart [http://www.lies.com/images/first_year.gif], is using tortured logic to claim that "the Iraq War is killing even more soldiers than the Vietnam War", when that is patently false. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 12:57, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

== Anorexia nervorsa patience's relation to her mother ==

Reading about [[anorexia nervosa]] I couldn't find any special mention about hate of the daughter towards the mother. Considering that anorexia is 10% lethal and that the mother often plays a vital (of deadly) role in the development of this disorded, why do anorexia nervosa patiences don't hate their mothers?

:The patients in such cases often have a love/hate relationship with both parents. Specifically, they tend to be perfectionists which strive to please demanding parents. However, the stress this causes and feeling of "loss of control" of their own lives sometimes leads to this disorder. However, the feelings of resentment towards their parents are often deeply repressed, one of the characteristics of this particular psychological condition. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 00:08, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

::The above is rather misleading. While [[anorexia nervosa]] certainly has psychological causes, and there is evidence for the claimed pathological perfectionism being common in sufferers, there are three other kinds of cause at work here: first, twin studies suggest a large genetic component; second, the neurotransmitter [[seratonin]] is probably involved (as it is in many cases of [[clinical depression]]); third, socio-cultural factors are involved. The pseudo-[[freudian]] stuff about deeply repressed resentment towards parents seems to me to be very poorly supported. Finally, the claimed role of mothers in the development of anorexia strikes me as a parallel to the [[refrigerator mother]] theory. Yours, [[User:Sam Clark|Sam Clark]] 10:03, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

:One source says: "According to a Freudian-based theory, although resentful of her mother, the anorexic simultaneously feels guilty about surpassing her" [www.suite101.com/article.cfm/anorexia/22297/3]. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 18:17, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

::Yes, I'm aware of the Freudian theory. And as I said above, I think it's very poorly supported: see further the Criticisms section of [[Sigmund Freud]]. The evidence, as I also said above, supports a combination of genetic, neurological and socio-cultural factors (see [[anorexia nervosa]]). For a good account of the disastrous effects of treating genetic and neurological conditions as purely psychological, see Cooper, ''The Victim is Always the Same''. Given your general stance that only scientifically verified claims are facts, Stu, I'm slightly surprised that you give any credence to Freud. [[User:Sam Clark|Sam Clark]] 10:57, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

:::I do, indeed, believe that only scientifically verified claims may be called facts. However, on a question such as this, opinion is clearly called for, as there is no one universally accepted theory of the causes of anorexia, and the question asker specifically wanted to know about how the patient's relationship with her mother might be involved. To answer such a question without the Freudian perspective, would, in my opinion, be negligent. [[User:StuRat|StuRat]] 12:51, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

==Whose son was shot? ==

A BODYGUARD of Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh was killed and his son and political adviser hurt in a shoot-out as the Palestinian leader left the Gaza border terminal where he had been blocked for several hours.

Whose son was shot? The son of the bodyguard or the son of the prime minister? [[User:202.168.50.40|202.168.50.40]] 23:13, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

:[http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/ap/world/4403679.html One of the injured was Haniyeh's 27-year-old son, Abed] but if this is a question about sentence structure, then yes it is badly worded. <small><font color="#000000">[[User:MeltBanana|meltBanana]]</font></small> 02:39, 15 December 2006 (UTC)