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===Biblioteche===
{{Infobox school
La ''Cleveland Public Library'', fondata nel 1869, è una delle più grandi biblioteche degli Stati Uniti, con una raccolta di 10.559.651 opere nel 2018<ref name="CPL18AR">{{cite web |title=2018 Annual Report |publisher=Cleveland Public Library |url=https://cpl.org/wp-content/uploads/cpl-annualreport-2018-issuu.pdf |access-date=August 5, 2019}}</ref>.
| name = Central High School of Philadelphia
| logo = [[File:WTP B26 Audrey 1.jpg|200px]]
| seal_image = Central High School of Philadelphia Shield.gif
| seal_size = 150px
| seal_alt = Central High School of Philadelphia Shield
| district = [[School District of Philadelphia|The School District of Philadelphia]]
| type = [[State school|Public]] [[high school]]
| grades = 9–12
| established= 1836
| streetaddress = 1700 West Olney Avenue
| city = [[Philadelphia]]
| state = [[Pennsylvania]]
| country = [[United States]]
| zipcode= 19141
| enrollment = 2,227<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_detail.asp?Search=1&DistrictID=4218990&SchoolPageNum=2&ID=421899003848|title=Central HS|publisher=National Center for Education Statistics|accessdate=November 11, 2017}}</ref>
| enrollment_as_of = 2014-15
| teaching_staff = 93.54 ([[Full time equivalent|FTE]])
| ratio = 23.81
| colors = {{Color box|#DC143C}}{{Color box|#FFD700}}
| president = Timothy J. McKenna
| nickname = Lancers
| conference = [[Philadelphia Public League]]
| newspaper = The Centralizer
| free_label = Television network
| free = Central Broadcast News (CBN)
| website = {{URL|http://centralhigh.net}}
| footnotes = <ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_detail.asp?ID=421899003848|title=Search for Public Schools – School Detail for Central HS|work=ed.gov|accessdate=3 June 2015}}</ref>{{Infobox NRHP
| name = Central High School
| embed = yes
| nrhp_type =
| image =
| caption =
| ___location= 1700 West Olney Avenue, [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]
| coordinates = {{coord|40|2|14|N|75|8|20|W|display=inline,title}}
| locmapin = Philadelphia#Pennsylvania#USA
| built = 1937
| architect OR builder = Catharine, Irwin T.
| architecture = Moderne
| added = December 4, 1986
| area = {{convert|5|acre}}
| governing_body = Local
| mpsub = {{NRHP url|id=64000730|title=Philadelphia Public Schools TR}}
| refnum = 86003267
}}}}
La '''Central High School''' è una scuola superiore pubblica di [[Filadelfia]]<ref name="Olneyloc">"[http://www.philaplanning.org/plans/areaplans/loganrap.pdf Logan Redevelopment Area Plan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727173610/http://www.philaplanning.org/plans/areaplans/loganrap.pdf |date=2011-07-27 }} Philadelphia City Planning Commission. Maggio 2002. Documento consultato il 2 agosto 2011</ref>. È la seconda più antica scuola pubblica negli [[Stati Uniti]], ma è la ventisettesima più antica se si considerano anche le scuole private. È una ''[[magnet school]]'', i cui corsi durano quattro anni e sono finalizzati a preparare allievi che frequenteranno l'università.
===Musei===
Gli allievi sono circa 2.400. La ''Central'' rientra fra le migliori scuole della città e della [[Pennsylvania]]. È considerata anche una delle migliori scuole pubbliche degli Stati Uniti. Per essere ammessi alla scuola bisogna aver conseguito un ottimo voto di diploma<ref name="tfaoi">{{cite web |url=http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/3aa/3aa248.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=29 settembre 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204225/http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/3aa/3aa248.htm |archivedate=3 marzo 2016 |df= }}</ref>.
[[File:Cleveland Museum of Art (8687300870).jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.15|Il [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] sorge sulla riva della Wade Lagoon nell<nowiki>'</nowiki>''University Circle''.]]
Il [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] è uno dei maggiori musei d'arte americani, vantando una raccolta di più di 40.000 opere che coprono più di seimila anni, dall'antichità all'arte contemporanea<ref name="Cle-Enc-CMA">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Cleveland Museum of Art |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=[[Case Western Reserve University]] |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/c/cleveland-museum-art |access-date=22 luglio 2019}}</ref>.
La ''Central High School'' è l'unica scuola superiore degli Stati Uniti che abbia il potere di conferire titoli accademici ai suoi diplomati<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nitzsche|first1=George Erazmus|title=University of Pennsylvania: Its History, Traditions, Buildings and Memorials ; Also a Brief Guide to Philadelphia|date=1918|publisher=International Printing Company|___location=Philadelphia|page=290|edition=Seventh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CWYgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA290&lpg=PA290&dq=Pennsylvania+%22Act+of+Assembly%22+%22April+9,+1849%22&source=bl&ots=2ReDZ1Ow-W&sig=xwjCNt-UtOksIQCRmwHWSnPc8Bg&hl=en&ei=p8AnSp7vBYSGtgeZ3O21Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9#v=onepage&q=Pennsylvania%20%22Act%20of%20Assembly%22%20%22April%209%2C%201849%22&f=false|accessdate=3 June 2015}}</ref>. Questo privilegio è tuttora valido e i diplomati che ne hanno i requisiti ricevono il titolo di [[Bachelor of Arts]].
[[File:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.jpg|thumb|La [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] sulle rive del lago Erie]]
==Storia==
Cleveland è la sede della [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]], disegnata da [[I. M. Pei]] sul lungolago di North Coast Harbor downtown.
===Teatri e musica===
[[File:Joseph Saxton. Arsenal and Cupola, Philadelphia Central High School, 1839.jpg|thumb|left|290px|An 1839 [[daguerreotype]] of Central High School is the earliest known photograph of the first school and the oldest known photograph taken in the U.S.]]
A Cleveland si trova la ''Playhouse Square'', il secondo più grande centro di sale da spettacolo degli Stati Uniti dopo il [[Lincoln Center]] di New York<ref name="playhouse">{{cite web |title=About Playhouse Square |publisher=Playhouse Square Center |url=http://www.playhousesquare.org/about-playhousesquare-main/about-playhousesquare |access-date=9 agosto 2019}}</ref>. La ''Playhouse Square'' si compone di cinque saleŁ<ref>{{cite web |title=Playhouse Square |website=Cleveland Historical |url=https://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/61 |access-date=9 agosto 2019}}</ref>. Il centro ospita ''musicals'' di Broadway, concerti ed altri eventi. Le istituzioni stabili ospitate nel complesso comprendono il [[Cleveland Ballet]], il [[Cleveland International Film Festival]], la [[Cleveland Play House]], il dipartimento di teatro e danza della ''Cleveland State University'', ''DANCECleveland'', il [[Great Lakes Theater Festival]], ed il Tri-C Jazz Fest.<ref>{{cite web |title=Resident Companies |publisher=Playhouse Square Center |url=http://www.playhousesquare.org/about-playhousesquare-main/resident-companies |access-date=7 giugno 2020}}</ref>.
[[File:1852 Central High School Philadelphia.png|thumb|left|300px|Central High School, first ___location, 1852]]
[[File:Boys-Central-High-School-Broad-and-Green-Streets-Philadelphia-PA-800x513.jpg|thumb|left|300px|A postcard of the Boys Central High School, third ___location, 1904]]
Central High School of Philadelphia was founded in 1836 as "the crowning glory" of Philadelphia Pennsylvania's public school system, "the worthy apex to a noble pyramid", and the first "high" school in the state. Because city voters only reluctantly had been convinced of the need for a high school, the curriculum was carefully and publicly geared to the needs of taxpayers. Central's founders made an especially concerted effort to avoid educating students in the manner of private academies of the day, where classical languages and literature were of paramount importance.<ref name="tfaoi"/>
Cleveland è anche sede della [[Karamu House]], il più antico teatro afroamericano degli Stati Uniti, fondato nel 1915<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Karamu House |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=[[Case Western Reserve University]] |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/k/karamu-house |access-date=11 maggio 2021 |date=5 aprile 2021}}</ref>.
Central High School is the second oldest continuously public high school in the United States. The school was chartered by an Act of Assembly and approved on June 13, 1836. A site was purchased on the east side of Juniper Street below [[Market Street (Philadelphia)|Market Street]] and on September 19, 1837, the [[cornerstone]] was laid. The school opened on October 26, 1838 with four professors and sixty-three students.
L'[[Orchestra di Cleveland]] è considerata una delle migliori orchestre sinfoniche del mondo e la migliore degli Stati Uniti<ref>{{cite news |last=Oestreich |first=James R. |title=At 100, the Cleveland Orchestra May (Quietly) Be America's Best |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/22/arts/music/cleveland-orchestra-carnegie-hall.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/22/arts/music/cleveland-orchestra-carnegie-hall.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited |access-date=4 gennaio 2019 |date=22 gennaio 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>. È una delle "Big Five orchestras" degli Stati Uniti<ref>{{cite news |author=Michael Walsh |title=Which U.S. Orchestras are Best? |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,923579,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080131191106/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,923579,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 31, 2008 |date=25 aprile 1983 |access-date=26 marzo 2008}}</ref>. L'Orchestra durante l'inverno si esibisce nella [[Severance Hall]] nello University Circle, mentre d'estate suona nel [[Blossom Music Center]] a [[Cuyahoga Falls]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Mission & History |publisher=The Cleveland Orchestra |url=https://www.clevelandorchestra.com/about/mission-and-history/ |access-date=9 agosto 2019}}</ref>.
An Act of Assembly, approved on April 9, 1849, provided that "The Controllers of the Public Schools of the First School District of Pennsylvania shall have and possess power to confer academic degrees in the arts upon graduates of the Central High School"<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Pepper|editor-first1=George Wharton|editor-last2=Lewis|editor-first2=William Draper|title=A Digest of the Laws of Pennsylvania: From the Year One Thousand Seven Hundred to the Sixth Day of July, One Thousand Eight Hundred and Eighty-three|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r5FCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA845|volume=1|year=1896|publisher=T. & J. W. Johnson & Co.|___location=Philadelphia|pages=845–}}</ref> In accordance with this Act, the Board of Controllers on September 11, 1849, authorized the conferring of appropriate degrees upon graduates of Central High.
L'edificio che attualmente ospita la sede dell'emittente radiotelevisiva pubblica di Cleveland, era precedentemente usato come studi radiofonici dell'emittente WJW (AM), quando il ''disc jockey'' Alan Freed per primo rese popolare l'espressione "rock and roll"<ref name="freed">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Freed, Alan |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=[[Case Western Reserve University]] |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/f/freed-alan |access-date=22 giugno 2010}}</ref>.
In September 1854, the school transferred to a new building, located at the southeast corner of [[Broad Street (Philadelphia)|Broad]] and Green Streets. In September 1900, the school moved to its third ___location in a newer and larger building located at Broad, Green, Fifteenth, and Brandywine Streets.
===Parchi===
In 1939, Central moved from its ___location at Broad and Green to its fourth, current, ___location at Ogontz and Olney Avenues. The building left behind became the [[Benjamin Franklin High School (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)|Benjamin Franklin High School]].
Il parco storico di Cleveland è [[Rockefeller Park]], interessante per i caratteristici ponticelli ottocenteschi, la serra, ed i [[Cleveland Cultural Gardens]], che celebrano la varietà etnica della città<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Rockefeller Park |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=[[Case Western Reserve University]] |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/r/rockefeller-park |access-date=August 21, 2019}}</ref><ref name="culturalgardens">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Cleveland Cultural Gardens |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=[[Case Western Reserve University]] |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/c/cleveland-cultural-gardens |access-date=21 agosto 2019}}</ref>.
== Note ==
After 139 years of existence as an all-male public high school, Central's all-male policy was challenged by Susan Vorchheimer, who wished to be admitted to Central. On August 7, 1975, [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania|U.S. District Court]] Judge Clarence C. Newcomer ruled that Central must admit academically qualified girls starting in the fall term of 1975. The decision was appealed, and the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit|Third Circuit Court]] ruled that Central had the right to retain its present status.<ref>{{cite court |litigants=Vorchheimer v. School District of Philadelphia |vol=532 F.2d 880 |reporter= |opinion= |pinpoint= |court=[[United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit|Third Circuit Court]] |date=1976 |url= |accessdate=3 June 2015 |quote=}}</ref> The case eventually reached the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] that, on April 19, 1977, upheld the Third Circuit Court's verdict by a 4 to 4 vote with one abstention. That Supreme Court case was called ''[[Vorchheimer v. School Dist. of Philadelphia]]''.<ref>{{cite court |litigants= Vorchheimer v. School District of Philadelphia|vol=430 U.S. 703, 97 S.Ct. 1671, 51 L.Ed.2d 750 |reporter= |opinion= |pinpoint= |court=Supreme Court of the United States |date=1977 |url= |accessdate=3 June 2015 |quote=}}</ref><ref>https://www.oyez.org/cases/1976/76-37</ref>
<references />
== Bibliografia ==
In August 1983, Judge William M. Marutani of the [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia County]] [[Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas|Court of Common Pleas]], ruled that the single-sex admission policy was unconstitutional. The Board of Education voted not to appeal the legal decision, thereby admitting girls to Central High School. In September 1983, the first six girls, all seniors, were admitted.{{citation needed|date = March 2017}}
Giulivo Ricci, ''Storia della brigata garibaldina "U. Muccini"'', I.S.R. La Spezia, 1978
== Collegamenti esterni ==
In October 1987, and again in September 2011,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.philly.com/2011-09-16/news/30183322_1_achievement-national-blue-ribbon-schools-honors|title=Central High, 6 elementaries bring federal honors to Pa.|work=philly-archives|accessdate=3 June 2015}}</ref> Central High School was officially named a Secondary school of National Excellence by the United States Department of Education and named a Blue Ribbon School.
* {{cita web |1=http://www.isrlaspezia.it/strumenti/lessico-della-resistenza/brigata-garibaldi-u-muccini/ |2=Brigata Garibaldi U. Muccini sul sito ISR La Spezia }}
esistenza italiana}}
The Barnwell library is now one of the most advanced public school libraries in the United States since the $12 million renovation that was completed in 2005.{{citation needed|date = March 2017}}
ortale|Italia|seconda guerra mondiale|storia d'Italia}}
ategoria:Brigate Garibaldi]]
==References==
ategoria:Resistenza in Liguria]]
{{reflist}}
<ref name=Beccaria>[http://www.liceobeccaria.gov.it/pvw/app/MILG0001/pvw_sito.php?sede_codice=MILG0001&page=1814377 storia del liceo Beccaria]</ref>
==External links==
<ref>[https://www.milanoweekend.it/articoli/collegio-di-sant-alessandro/ Arianna De Felice, ''Collegio di sant'Alessandro'']</ref>
{{commons category|Central High School, Philadelphia}}
<ref>[http://www.nuovaorchestrascarlatti.it/l-orchestra sito Nuova orchestra Scarlatti]</ref>
{{Portal|Philadelphia|Schools|Pennsylvania}}
<ref>[http://ilroma.net/opinione/scarlatti-cento-anni-di-prestigio-napoli Ermanno Corsi, ''Scarlatti cento anni di prestigio Napoli'' su "Il Roma"]</ref>
* [https://centralhs.philasd.org/ current Central High School Web site]
* historical Central High School Web sites (from the [[Wayback Machine]]):
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20100904075121/http://www.centralhigh.net/pages/CentralHigh September 4, 2010] thru March 21, 2011
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20001119133700/http://www.centralhigh.net/ November 19, 2000] thru August 13, 2010
** [https://web.archive.org/web/19991009040335/http://goldfish.central.netaxs.com/ October 9, 1999] thru February 6, 2001
** [https://web.archive.org/web/19970411114113/http://central.netaxs.com/ April 11, 1997] thru April 20, 1999
* [http://philasd.org/ The School District of Philadelphia]
==Note==
[[Categor:Educational institutions established in 1836]]
[[Categor:High schools in Philadelphia]]
[[Categor:Magnet schools in Pennsylvania]]
[[Categor:School District of Philadelphia]]
[[Categor:School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Philadelphia]]
[[Categor:Public high schools in Pennsylvania]]
[[Categor:History of Philadelphia]]
[[Categor:1836 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Categor:Logan, Philadelphia]]
== Note ==
<references/>
=== Fonti ===
* {{cita pubblicazione | lingua=fr | autore1= | titolo=Les 300 ans du " collège françois " de Berlin Depuis sa fondation en 1689, le lycée franco-allemand de Berlin a formé des générations de " médiateurs " entre la France et l'Allemagne | rivista=Le Monde | giorno=11 | mese=gennaio | anno=1990 | url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1990/01/11/les-300-ans-du-college-francois-de-berlin-depuis-sa-fondation-en-1689-le-lycee-franco-allemand-de-berlin-a-forme-des-generations-de-mediateurs-entre-la-france-et-l-allemagne_3967697_1819218.html#zdkgsW8OiCSi1Qti.99 }}
* [http://chezfg.blogspot.com/ Chezfg su Blogspot]
==Altri progetti==
{{commonscat|Französisches Gymnasium (Berlin)}}
== Collegamenti esterni ==
* [http://www.fg-berlin.de/ sito ufficiale]
[[Catégorie:Scuole a Berlino]]
[[Catégorie:Berlino-Tiergarten]]
[[Catégorie:Architetture a Berlino]]
== Note ==
<references/>
==Altri progetti==
{{CommonscatInterprogetto|commons=Category:Lessing-Gymnasiums (Frankfurt am Main)}}
== Collegamenti esterni ==
[[Catégorie:Scuole in Germania]]
[[Catégorie:Cultura a Francoforte]]]
== Note ==
<references/>
== Altri progetti ==
{{commons category|Lycée Saint-Louis}}
== Collegamenti esterni ==
* [http://www.comune.torino.it/cittagora/in-breve/150-anni-di-scuola-di-guerra-a-torino.html scuola di guerra di Torino]
* [http://www.lycee-saintlouis.fr/index.php?id_menu=10 storia del liceo].
[https://journals.openedition.org/rives/2949 sito sulla nascita dei licei napoleonici]
[http://www.inrp.fr/edition-electronique/lodel/dictionnaire-ferdinand-buisson/document.php?id=3088 storia dei licei francesi]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lycee Saint-Louis}}
[[Catégorie:Lycée à Paris|Saint-Louis]]
[[Catégorie:6e arrondissement de Paris]]
[[Catégorie:Lycée possédant des CPGE|Saint-Louis]]
==Note==
<references/>
== Bibliografia ==
* Horacio Sanguinetti, ''Breve historia del Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires'', Asociación Cooperadora "Amadeo Jacques, 1963
* {{Cita libro |cognome=Brandariz |nome=Gustavo A. |titolo=El Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires|anno=2010 |serie=Colección Manzana de las Luces: crónicas de su historia; Cuaderno 8 |editore=Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas de la Manzana de las Luces |luogo=Buenos Aires}}
==Collegamenti esterni==
* [http://www.cnba.uba.ar sito ufficiale]
[[Catégorie:Monument historique national en Argentine]]
[[Catégorie:Éducation à Buenos Aires]]
[[Catégorie:Éducation à Buenos Aires]]
<ref name="pptCNBA" /><ref name="UBA History"/>
==Note==
<references/>
== Bibliografia ==
* Michaela Heinz, ''Les Locutions figurées dans le « Petit Robert »'' : Description critique de leur traitement et propositions de normalisation, Max Niemeyer Verlag, [[Tübingen]], 1993, {{ISBN|3-484-30949-0}}.
==Altri progetti==
{{commons category|Boston Latin School}}
==Collegamenti esterni==
* [http://www.lerobert.com/ sito ufficiale]
[[Categoría:Architetture di Boston]]
[[Categoría:Cultura a Boston]]
[[Categoría:Scuole negli Stati Uniti d'America]]
===Commercio estero===
Il governo imperiale cinese era in realtà interessato a procurarsi la seta giapponese, che era di buona qualità. A tal fine incoraggiava il [[regno delle Ryūkyū]] ad acquistare seta giapponese da inviare in Cina.
La triangolazione attraverso le Ryūkyū sfruttava il fatto che queste isole fossero tributarie dell'Impero Cinese dalla fine del Trecento e perciò inviassro missioni tributarie in Cina. E però dal 1609 fossero anche diventate vassalle del feudo giapponese di Satsuma (famiglia Shimazu). Questo doppio vassallaggio, almeno formale,
====Corea====
|1538
|[[Università di Santo Tomás de Aquino|Santo Domingo]]
|erste Universität auf dem [[Amerika|amerikanischen Kontinent]]; seit 1518 ''Studium Generale'' des Dominikanerordens, 1538 ''Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino'' durch päpstliche Bulle [[Paul III.|Pauls III.]], 1558 Bestätigung durch kaiserliches Dekret [[Karl V. (HRR)|Karls V.]], 1823 geschlossen
|-
|1539
|1551
|[[Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos|Lima]]
|älteste Universität [[PeruPerù]]s
|-
|1551
|1668
|[[Universität Innsbruck|Innsbruck]]
|von [[Leopold I. (HRR)|Kaiser Leopold I.]] gegründet
|-
|1669
|1746
|[[Princeton University|Princeton]]
|als ''College of New Jersey'' in [[Elizabeth (New Jersey)|Elizabeth]] gegründet, 1756 nach [[Princeton (New Jersey)|Princeton]] verlegt
|-
|1748
|1789
|[[Georgetown University|Washington]]
|durch den Jesuitenpater [[John Carroll (Bischof)|John Carroll]] gegründet; 1814 offizielle Anerkennung durch den [[Kongress der Vereinigten Staaten|Kongress]]
|}
| 