Help:IPA/Tamil: Difference between revisions

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{{IPA key|H:IPA-TA}}

{{Contains special characters|Indic}}

The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Tamil language|Tamil]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|[[Template:IPA-ta}}]] and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

Tamil has phonological process by which voiceless plosives are altered to their respective voiced sounds because of their position in a word (word initial versus word medial) or presence of preceding vowel sounds.

See [[Tamil phonology]] for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Tamil.

Note:- The IPA word, ð, is not commonly pronounced in [[Tamil language]], so it has been removed from here recently.

{{horizontal TOC|nonum=yes|limit=2}}

==Key==

<!-- PLEASE READ BEFORE ADDING EXAMPLES OR LANGUAGES TO THE KEY.

This key is intended for newcomers to the IPA and should therefore be kept as simple as possible. Descriptions should be brief, without technical terms like "back vowel" or "labial" or "fricative". Approximations column should be from English.(Since since this Wikipedia is Wikipedia in English). If unavailable in English, examples (that are well described phonetically) canmay be from other languages that may beare commonly familiar to an average English reader-readers.

-->

{| style="background:none;"

| style="vertical-align:top;" |

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"

! colspan="4"| [[Consonant]]s

|-

Line 28:

| <big>{{IPA link|b}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|தம்'''பி'''}}, {{lang|ta|ஆ'''ப'''த்து}}, {{lang|ta|அன்'''பு'''}}

| pb

| style="text-align:left;" | '''b'''and

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|ɕ}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|'''ஶி'''வா}}

| {{translTransliteration|ta|ISO|ś}}

| style="text-align:left;" | '''sh'''eep

|-

| <big> {{IPA link|d̪|d}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|நல்லதமிழ்நா'''துடு'''}}

| Not Defined by ISO 15919. This sound is a phonetic variant of {{IPA link|ɖ}} in the dialect of [[Madras Bashai]], spoken in Chennai.

| style="text-align:left;" | Western Accents, '''d'''uck

|-

| <big> {{IPA link|ðd̪}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|பந்'''து'''}}

| td

| style="text-align:left;" | Not common in English,'''dth'''oink, with the toungue touching the teeth. Hindi दोस्त ('''dh'''ost).

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|ɖ}}</big><ref name="ʈ"> {{IPA|[ɖ]}} and {{IPA|[ɽ]}} occur as word-medial and intervocalic allophones of {{IPA|/ʈ/}}.</ref>

| <big>{{IPA link|ɖ}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|வண்'''டி'''}}, traditionally spoken, {{lang|ta|ப'''டி'''}}

| ṭḍ

| style="text-align:left;" |Indian english, '''drd'''ab<ref name="ʈ"> {{IPA|[ɖ]}} and {{IPA|[ɽ]}} occur as word-medial and intervocalic allophones of {{IPA|[ʈ]}}.</ref>one

|-

| <big> {{IPA link|ð}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|நல்ல'''து'''}}

| t

| style="text-align:left;" | o'''th'''er<ref> {{angbr|த}} represents {{IPA|[ð]}} in intervocalic position.</ref>

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|dʑ}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|இஞ்'''சி'''}}, {{lang|ta|'''ஜா'''னகி}}

| not defined in ISO 15919. Aproximately rounded to j.

| c

| style="text-align:left;" | heNot common in English, somewhat like '''dgj'''ear Japanese '''じ'''かん,('''j'''ikan). Meaning- Time

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|ɡ}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|அங்'''கே'''}}, {{lang|ta|பா'''கு'''}}

| kg

| style="text-align:left;" | '''g'''ate

|-

| style="text-align:left;"<big>{{IPA link| o'''th'''erh}}</big><ref> {{angbr|தக}} represents {{IPA|[ðh]}} in intervocalic position, but not when it appears as the first letter of a word.</ref>

| <big>{{IPA link|h}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|ம'''காஹா'''}}, {{lang|ta|'''ஹ'''ரி}}

| kh

| style="text-align:left;" | '''h'''eat<ref>{{angbr|க}} represents {{IPA|[h]}} in intervocalic position, but not when it appears as the first letter of a word.</ref>

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|j}}</big>

Line 84:

| {{lang|ta|வ'''ளி'''}}, {{lang|ta|வ'''ள்ளி'''}}, {{lang|ta|வந்தா'''ள்'''}}

| ḷ

| style="text-align:left;" | somewhat like ca'''rl''', {{small|(American English)}}, Marathi बा'''ळ''' (Child)

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|m}}</big>

Line 91:

| style="text-align:left;" | '''m'''uch

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|n}}</big><ref name="dental">Dental [n̪] and alveolar [n] are [[allophones]] in Tamil. Both sound like {{IPAc-en|n}} to English speakers.</ref>

| <big>{{IPA link|n}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|ப'''ன்'''றி}}, {{lang|ta|சி'''ன்ன'''}}, {{lang|ta|வந்தா'''ன்'''}}

| ṉ

| style="text-align:left;" | te'''n'''<ref name="dental">Tamil contrasts a dental [n̪] and alveolar [n]. Both sound like {{IPAc-en|n}} to English speakers.</ref>

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|n̪}}</big><ref name="dental"/>

| {{lang|ta|'''ந'''யம்}}, {{lang|ta|ப'''ந்'''து}}, {{lang|ta|'''ந'''ன்றி}}, {{lang|ta|எ'''ந்ந'''ன்றி}}

| n

| style="text-align:left;" | te'''n'''th<ref name="dental"/>

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|ɲ}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|'''ஞா'''னம்}}, {{lang|ta|அ'''ஞ்ஞா'''னம்}}, {{lang|ta|இ'''ஞ்'''சி}}

| ñ

| style="text-align:left;" | Malaysian accent, ca'''ny'''on

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|ɳ}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|வ'''ண்'''டி}}, {{lang|ta|வ'''ண்ண'''ம்}}

| ṇ

| style="text-align:left;" | co'''rn''' {{small|(American English)}}

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|ŋ}}</big>

Line 116:

| style="text-align:left;" | so'''ng'''

|-

| style="text-align:left;"<big>{{IPA link| trilled ''r''}}</big><ref>{{angbr|ற}} represents {{IPA|[dr]}} and {{IPA|[tːr]}} after corresponding nasal consonant and when geminated, respectively, wherein which the [t] and the [d] represent the voiceless and voiced postalveolar stops.</ref>

| <big>{{IPA link|r}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|க'''றி'''}}, {{lang|ta|ப'''ற்றி'''னார்}}, {{lang|ta|பன்'''றி'''}}

| ṟ

| style="text-align:left;" | trilled ''r''

| style="text-align:left;" | trilled ''r''<ref>{{angbr|ற}} represents {{IPA|[dr]}} and {{IPA|[tːr]}} after corresponding nasal consonant and when geminated, respectively, where the [t] and [d] represent the voiceless and voiced postalveolar stops.</ref>

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|ɾ̪|ɾ}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|க'''ரி'''}}, {{lang|ta|ப'''ரி'''}}, {{lang|ta|இ'''ர'''வி}}, {{lang|ta|வந்தா'''ர்'''}}

| r

| style="text-align:left;" | bua'''ttt'''erom {{small|(American English)}}

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|ɻ}}</big><ref>In spoken Tamil, {{angbr|ழ}} is undergoing merger with {{angbr|ள}} {{IPA|[ɭ]}}, even in the educated speech.</ref>

| <big>{{IPA link|ɽ}}</big>

| தமிழ்நா{{lang|ta|தமி'''டுழ்'''}},

| {{lang|ta|வ'''ழி'''}}

| ṭ

| style="text-align:left;" | po'''rt'''er {{small|(American English}}<ref name="ʈ"/>

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|ɻ}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|வ'''ழி'''}}

| ḻ

| style="text-align:left;" | '''r'''ight

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|s}}</big><ref>{{angbr|ச}} represents {{IPA|[s]}} in intervocalic position.</ref>

| {{lang|ta|பா'''ச'''ம்}}, {{lang|ta|'''ஸ'''ந்தியா}}

| cs

| style="text-align:left;" | '''s'''um<ref>{{angbr|ச}} represents {{IPA|[s]}} in intervocalic position.</ref>

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|ʂ}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|உ'''ஷா'''}}

| {{translTransliteration|ta|ISO|ṣ}}

| style="text-align:left;" | '''shr'''imp

|-

| <big> {{IPA link|t̪|tt̪}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|'''த'''னி}}, {{lang|ta|ப'''த்து'''}}, {{lang|ta|யுக்'''தி'''}}

| t

| style="text-align:left;" | s(Most Indian accents) '''tth'''opink

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|ʈ}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|ப'''ட்டு'''}}

| ṭ

| style="text-align:left;" | s(Most Indian Accents) '''trt'''engthongue

|-

| tːr

| {{lang|ta|கு'''ற்'''றாலம்}}

| This is a double consonant part, so it does not have any definition. This pronunciation happens, when ற் joins with a variant of ற.

| style="text-align:left;" | (Most Indian accents) '''tr'''end

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|tɕ}}</big>

| {{lang|ta|'''சி'''ன்ன}}, {{lang|ta|பே'''ச்சு'''}}, {{lang|ta|கட்'''சி'''}}

| Not defined by ISO 15919. Approximated to either j or c.

| c

| style="text-align:left;" | caNot common in english, Chinese 北京 (bei'''tchj'''ing)

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|ʋ}}</big>

Line 167 ⟶ 168:

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|x}}</big>

| Only in loanwords. {{lang|ta|எ'''ஃ'''கு}},சிங்கிஸ் {{lang|ta|அ'''ஃஃகா'''றிணைன்}}

| ḵk͟h

| style="text-align:left;" | Scottish lo'''ch''' or German ''Ba'''ch'''''

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|ɖf}}</big>

| Only in loanwords. {{lang|ta|'''ஃப்'''ரான்ஸ்}}

| tf

| style="text-align:left;" | po'''rtf'''er {{small|(American English}}<ref name="ʈ"/>an

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|hz}}</big>

| Only in Loanwords. {{lang|ta|அ'''ஃஜா'''ருதீன்}}

| cz

| style="text-align:left;" | '''z'''oo

|}

<br>

| style="vertical-align:top; padding-left: 1em;" |

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"

! colspan="4"| [[Vowel]]s

|-

Line 187 ⟶ 198:

| style="text-align:left;" |{{lang|ta|கல்}} ('stone')

| a

| style="text-align:left;" | nNot common in Everyday english, Most accents, H'''uo'''tney

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|ä|aː}}</big>

| style="text-align:left;" |{{lang|ta|கால்}} ('leg')

| ā

| style="text-align:left;" | brslow, c'''a'''r

|-

| <big>{{IPA|aɪ}}</big>

| style="text-align:left;" |{{lang|ta|கைது}} ('arrest')

| ai

| style="text-align:left;" |Indian accent, b'''i'''te

|-

| <big>{{IPA|aʊ}}</big>

| style="text-align:left;" |{{lang|ta|கௌதாரி}} (a type of bird)

| au

| style="text-align:left;" |Indian accent h'''ou'''se

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|e̞|e}}</big>

Line 212 ⟶ 223:

| style="text-align:left;" |{{lang|ta|கேடு}} ('destruction')

| ē

| style="text-align:left;" |b Most south asian accents, m'''aia'''ty

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|i}}</big>

| style="text-align:left;" |{{lang|ta|கிரி}} ('mountain')

| i

| style="text-align:left;" | smach'''i'''tne

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|i|iː}}</big>

| style="text-align:left;" |{{lang|ta|கீரி }} ('mongoose')

| ī

| style="text-align:left;" | s'''ee'''tp

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|o̞|o}}</big>

| style="text-align:left;" |{{lang|ta|கொடு}} ('give')

| o

| style="text-align:left;" | erst'''o'''dery (''short'')

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|o̞|oː}}</big>

| style="text-align:left;" |{{lang|ta|கோடு}} ('a line drawn')

| ō

| style="text-align:left;" | st'''o'''ldry (''long'')

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|u}}</big>

| style="text-align:left;" |{{lang|ta|குடம்}} ('pot')

| u

| style="text-align:left;" | lf'''oo'''kt

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|u|uː}}</big>

| style="text-align:left;" |{{lang|ta|கூடம்}} ('hall')

| ū

| style="text-align:left;" | lc'''oo'''tl

|-

| <big>{{IPA link|ɯ}}</big><ref>word final /u/ is pronounced as [ɯ]</ref>

| style="text-align:left;" |{{lang|ta|அழகு}} ('beauty')

| It is a phonetic variant. Mostly not defined by ISO 15919. Approximated to either u, or ū

| u

| style="text-align:left;" | gf'''oo'''dt, ''but with the lips unrounded'', turkish k'''ı'''rmızı

|-

| <big> {{IPA link|ã|&nbsp;̃}}</big>

Line 254 ⟶ 265:

| style="text-align:left;" | nasal vowel<br>([ãː], [õː], etc.)

|}

<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;"

! colspan="3"| [[Suprasegmental]]s

|-

Line 269 ⟶ 279:

|}

|}

==See also==

*[[IPA vowel chart with audio]] {{spoken}}

*[[IPA pulmonic consonant chart with audio]] {{spoken}}

*[[:File:The_International_Phonetic_Alphabet_(revised_to_2015).pdf|IPA chart (vowels and consonants) - 2015. (pdf file)]]

==Notes==

{{reflist|group=|2}}

==Citations==

{{reflist|group=S}}

==Bibliography==

{{Refbegin}}

* {{citation

|last=Keane

Line 296 ⟶ 297:

}}

{{Refend}}

==See also==

*{{clc|Pages with Tamil IPA|pages}}

==External links==