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{{Short description|Species of pear with round crisp grainy fruit}}
{{Redirect|Chinese pear|the Chinese White Pear|Pyrus × bretschneideri}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Nashi pear.jpg
| parent = Pyrus sect. Pashia
| genus = Pyrus
|
| authority = ([[Burm.f.]]) [[Takenoshin Nakai|Nak.]]
| synonyms_ref=<ref name="POWO" />
| synonyms={{collapsible list|
|''Pyrus arakiana'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus asakeensis'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus autumnalis'' <small>(Siebold) Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus babauttiagi'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|
|''Pyrus higoensis'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus incubacea'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus kiushiana'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus kleinhofiana'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus lakuhokuensis'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus lasiogyna'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus lindleyi'' <small>Rehder</small>
|''Pyrus nehiyamadonis'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus pseudocalleryana'' <small>Uyeki</small>
|''Pyrus pseudouipongensis'' <small>Uyeki</small>
|''Pyrus pyrifolia'' var. ''talyschensis'' <small>Gladkova</small>
|''Pyrus saidaeana'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus serotina'' <small>Rehder</small>
|''Pyrus sinensis'' <small>Lindl.</small>
|''Pyrus sohayakiensis'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus tajimaensis'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus tambana'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus tobisimensis'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus togashiana'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus tsuchiyana'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus tungusiana'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus uipongensis'' <small>Uyeki</small>
|''Pyrus umemurana'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Pyrus uyematsuana'' <small>Makino</small>
|''Pyrus yohrohensis'' <small>Koidz.</small>
}}
}}
'''''Pyrus pyrifolia''''' is a species of [[pear tree]] native to southern China and northern [[Indochina]] that has been introduced to Korea, Japan and other parts of the world.<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2017 |title=''Pyrus pyrifolia'' (Burm.f.) Nakai |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:731158-1#synonyms |access-date=4 November 2020 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew }}</ref> The tree's edible fruit is known by many names, including '''Asian pear''',<ref name="HortusIII">{{cite book |author=Bailey, L.H. |author2=Bailey, E.Z. |author3=the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium |name-list-style=amp |year=1976 |title=Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada |url=https://archive.org/details/hortusthirdconci00bail |url-access=registration |publisher=Macmillan |___location=New York |isbn=9780025054707 }}</ref> '''Persian pear''', '''Japanese pear''',<ref name="HortusIII" /> '''Chinese pear''',<ref name="HortusIII" /><ref>{{PLANTS |symbol=PYPY2 |taxon=Pyrus pyrifolia |access-date=14 March 2012 }}</ref> '''Korean pear''',<ref name="Lee">{{cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Ho-Sun |last2=Isse |first2=Toyoshi |last3=Kawamoto |first3=Toshihiro |last4=Woo |first4=Hyun-Su |last5=Kim |first5=An Keun |last6=Park |first6=Jong Y. |last7=Yang |first7=Mihi |title=Effects and action mechanisms of Korean pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Shingo) on alcohol detoxification. |journal=[[Phytotherapy Research]] |date=November 2012 |volume=26 |issue=11 |pages=1753–1758 |doi=10.1002/ptr.4630 |pmid=22451246 |s2cid=22181078 }}</ref><ref name="Mishkin">{{cite news |last1=Mishkin |first1=Leah |title=Korean pear season in full swing at Hamilton Township farm |url=https://www.njtvonline.org/news/video/korean-pear-season-full-swing-hamilton-township-farm/ |access-date=20 January 2018 |work=[[NJTV News]] |date=9 October 2017 }}</ref><ref name="Coyne">{{cite news |last1=Coyne |first1=Kevin |title=Evergreen Farm Taps New Jersey Market for Ethnic Crops |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/23/nyregion/23dinenj.html |access-date=20 January 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=21 August 2009 }}</ref> '''Taiwanese pear''', '''apple pear''',<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.koreaworldtimes.com/topics/news/9251/ |script-title=ja:アジア1の生産を誇る延辺龍井リンゴ梨 接ぎ木から100周年を祝う |newspaper=KoreaWorldTimes |date=17 May 2021 |language=ja |access-date=30 May 2021 }}</ref> '''zodiac pear''', '''three-halves pear''', '''papple''', '''naspati''' and '''sand pear'''.<ref name="HortusIII" /> Along with cultivars of [[Pyrus × bretschneideri|''P''. × ''bretschneideri'']] and ''[[Pyrus ussuriensis]]'', the fruit is also called the '''nashi pear'''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pomes/nashi |title=NSW Primary Industries 2002. ''Nashi Asian pear varieties''. Agfact H4.1.14 |access-date=25 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618071254/http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pomes/nashi |archive-date=18 June 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>In Japanese the fruit is called ''nashi''. The best variety is called ''shingo'' in Korean.</ref> [[Cultivar]]s derived from ''Pyrus pyrifolia'' are grown throughout East Asia, and in other countries such Pakistan, Nepal, Australia, New Zealand, and America. Traditionally in East Asia the tree's flowers are a popular symbol of early spring, and it is a common sight in gardens and the countryside.
{{nutritional value
| name=Asian pears
| image=Pyrus pyrifolia.jpg
| caption=Nashi pear (''Pyrus pyrifolia'')
| kJ=176
| protein=0.5 g
| fat=0.23 g
| carbs=10.65 g
| fiber=3.6 g
| sugars=7.05 g
| calcium_mg=4
| magnesium_mg=8
| phosphorus_mg=11
| potassium_mg=121
| sodium_mg=0
| manganese_mg=0.06
| vitC_mg=3.8
| thiamin_mg=0.009
| riboflavin_mg=0.01
| niacin_mg=0.219
| pantothenic_mg=0.07
| vitB6_mg=0.022
| folate_ug=8
| choline_mg=5.1
| vitE_mg=0.12
| vitK_ug=4.5
| source_usda = 1
| note=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160107054658/http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=09340&format=Full Link to USDA Database entry]
}}
The fruits are not generally baked in [[pie]]s or made into [[Fruit preserves|jams]] because they have a high water content and a crisp, grainy texture, very different from the European varieties. They are commonly served raw and peeled.<ref>{{ citation |contribution=Nashi |title=Encyclopedia of Asian Food, Periplus Editions |last=Solomon |first=Charmaine |year=1998 |publisher=New Holland Publishers |url=http://www.asiafood.org/glossary_2.cfm?word=nashi&wordid=2785 |access-date=11 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521123106/http://www.asiafood.org/glossary_2.cfm?word=nashi&wordid=2785 |archive-date=21 May 2009 }}</ref> The fruit tends to be quite large and fragrant. When carefully wrapped, having a tendency to bruise because of its juiciness, it can last for several weeks (or more) in a cold, dry place.
== Culture ==
Due to their relatively high price and the large size of the fruit of cultivars, the pears tend to be served to guests, given as gifts, or eaten together in a family setting.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{cite web |url= https://www.groundwork.org.uk/japanese-pear-tree/ |title=
Japanese Pear Tree |author= <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher= Groundwork UK |access-date=October 20, 2025}}</ref>
In cooking, ground pears are used in vinegar- or [[soy sauce]]-based sauces as a sweetener, instead of sugar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Imatome-Yun |first=Naomi |date=18 August 2019 |title=What You Should Know About the Bae Pear |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/korean-pear-bae-2118641 |access-date=22 May 2021 |website=The Spruce Eats |language=en }}</ref> They are also used when marinating meat, especially beef, with a notable example being in the [[Korean cuisine|Korean]] dish [[bulgogi]], due to the presence of [[enzyme]]s to [[tenderize]] the [[protein]]s in the meat.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hagedorn |first=David |date=27 November 2012 |title=Cook Asian pears at your peril |language=en-US |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/food/cook-asian-pears-at-your-peril/2012/11/26/10100d5a-328f-11e2-9cfa-e41bac906cc9_story.html |access-date=22 May 2021 |issn=0190-8286 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kim |first1=Emily [Maangchi] |last2=Roskin |first2=Julia |title=Bulgogi (Korean Grilled Beef) Recipe |url=https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1017444-bulgogi-korean-grilled-beef |access-date=22 May 2021 |website=New York Times Cooking |language=en-US }}</ref>
In Australia, these pears were first introduced into commercial production beginning in 1980.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pomes/other/nashi |title=Nashi asian pear varieties |date=26 April 2007 |publisher=New South Wales Department of Primary Industries |access-date=18 December 2017 }}</ref>
In Japan, fruit is harvested in [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]], [[Ibaraki Prefecture|Ibaraki]], [[Tottori Prefecture|Tottori]], [[Fukushima Prefecture|Fukushima]], [[Tochigi Prefecture|Tochigi]], [[Nagano Prefecture|Nagano]], [[Niigata Prefecture|Niigata]], [[Saitama Prefecture|Saitama]] and other [[Prefectures of Japan|prefectures]], except [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]]. ''Nashi'' ({{lang|ja|梨}}) may be used as a late autumn ''[[kigo]]'', or "season word", when writing [[haiku]]. ''Nashi no hana'' ({{lang|ja|梨の花}}, pear flower) is also used as a ''kigo'' of spring.<ref>[http://www.youngleaves.org/poetry/The%20Yuki%20Teikei%20Haiku%20Season%20Word%20List.htm The Yuki Teikei Haiku Season Word List] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823042741/http://www.youngleaves.org/poetry/The%20Yuki%20Teikei%20Haiku%20Season%20Word%20List.htm |date=23 August 2011 }} from the Yuki Teikei Haiku Society (Northern California)</ref> At least one city ([[Kamagaya]]-Shi, Chiba Prefecture) has the flowers of this tree as an official city flower.<ref name=":0" />
In Nepal ([[Nepali language|Nepali]]: ''Naspati'' नस्पाती) and the Himalayan states of India, they are cultivated as a cash crop in the Middle Hills between about {{convert|1500|and|2500|m|ft|sigfig=1}} in elevation, where the climate is suitable. The fruit are carried to nearby markets by human porters or, increasingly, by truck, but not for long distances because they bruise easily.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gotame |first1=Tek Prasad |last2=Subedi |first2=Giri Dhari |last3=Dhakal |first3=Maheshwar |last4=Khatiwada |first4=Prerana |date=December 2015 |title=Postharvest Handling of Asian Pear in Nepal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295254114 |journal=Nepal Agricultural Research Council Horticulture Research Division |pages=1–41 |via=ResearchGate }}</ref>
In Taiwan, pears harvested in Japan have become luxurious presents since 1997 and their consumption has jumped.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last1=Foltán |first1=Kamil |last2=Bryant |first2=Zurina |last3=Chang |first3=Ri |date=12 June 2018 |title=Asian Pear – The Asian Apple |url=https://indigenousbartender.com/2018/06/12/asian-pear-the-asian-apple/ |access-date=22 May 2021 |website=The Indigenous Bartender |language=en }}</ref><ref name=":2" />
In China, the term "sharing a pear" ({{lang-zh|c=分梨|p=fēn lí}}) is a homophone of "separate" ({{lang-zh|s=分离|t=分離| p=fēnlí}}). As a result, sharing a pear with a loved one can be read as a desire to separate from them.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.flavorandfortune.com/dataaccess/article.php?ID=27 |title=Chinese Food Symbolism }}</ref>
In Korea, the fruit is known as {{Transliteration|ko|bae}} ({{lang|ko|배}}),<ref name=":0" /> and it is grown and consumed in great quantity. In the South Korean city of [[Naju]], there is a museum called The Naju Pear Museum and Pear Orchard for Tourists ({{lang|ko|나주 배 박물관 및 배밭 관광체험}}).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=adj_3ZAIBcE |title=Korea Sparkling(Naju Pear Museum) |via=www.youtube.com }}</ref>
In Cyprus, the pears were introduced in 2010 after initially being investigated as a new fruit crop for the island in the early 1990s. They are currently grown in [[Kyperounta]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cyprus-mail.com/cyprus/home-grown-japanese-pear-officially-launched/20100917 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918065413/http://www.cyprus-mail.com/cyprus/home-grown-japanese-pear-officially-launched/20100917 |url-status=dead |title=Home-grown Japanese pear officially launched - Cyprus Mail |archive-date=18 September 2010 }}</ref>
== Cultivars ==
<!-- Cultivars associated with China and Korea? -->
Cultivars are classified in two groups. Most of the cultivars belong to the ''Akanashi'' ('Russet pears') group, and have yellowish-brown rinds. The ''Aonashi'' ('Green pears') have yellow-green rinds.
[[File:Pyrus pyrifolia kosui.jpg|thumb|120px|Kosui]]
[[File:Nijusseiki nashi - Japanese pears by akira yamada.jpg|thumb|120px|Nijisseiki]]
Important [[cultivar]]s include:
* 'Chojuro' ({{lang|ja|長十郎}}, Japan, 1893?)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fruit.naro.affrc.go.jp/kajunoheya/nashi/cyoujuurou.html |title=独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 農研機構 果樹研究所: 果樹研 |work=affrc.go.jp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003121337/http://fruit.naro.affrc.go.jp/kajunoheya/nashi/cyoujuurou.html |archive-date=3 October 2011 }}</ref><ref name="nsw1">{{cite web |url=http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pomes/nashi/chojuro |publisher=New South Wales Department of Primary Industries |year=2002 |title=Nashi Variety: Chojuro |access-date=2 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625125340/http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pomes/nashi/chojuro |archive-date=25 June 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ('Russet pears')
* 'Kosui' ({{lang|ja|幸水}}, Japan, 1959; the most important cultivar in Japan)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fruit.naro.affrc.go.jp/kajunoheya/nashi/kousui.html |title=独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 農研機構 果樹研究所: 果樹研 |work=affrc.go.jp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003121228/http://fruit.naro.affrc.go.jp/kajunoheya/nashi/kousui.html |archive-date=3 October 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pomes/nashi/kosui |title=NSW Primary Industries 2002. ''Nashi Asian pear varieties'', kosui. Agfact H4.1.14 |access-date=25 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625125423/http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pomes/nashi/kosui |archive-date=25 June 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ('Russet pears')
* 'Hosui' ({{lang|ja|豊水}}, Japan, 1972)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fruit.naro.affrc.go.jp/kajunoheya/nashi/housui.html |title=独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 農研機構 果樹研究所: 果樹研 |work=affrc.go.jp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003121238/http://fruit.naro.affrc.go.jp/kajunoheya/nashi/housui.html |archive-date=3 October 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pomes/nashi/hosui |title=NSW Primary Industries 2002. ''Nashi Asian pear varieties'', housui. Agfact H4.1.14 |access-date=25 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625125404/http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pomes/nashi/hosui |archive-date=25 June 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ('Russet pears')
* 'Imamuraaki' ({{lang|ja|今村秋}}, Japan, native)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fruit.naro.affrc.go.jp/kajunoheya/nashi/imamuraaki.html |title=独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 農研機構 果樹研究所: 果樹研 |work=affrc.go.jp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003121410/http://fruit.naro.affrc.go.jp/kajunoheya/nashi/imamuraaki.html |archive-date=3 October 2011 }}</ref> ('Russet pears')
* 'Nijisseiki' ({{lang|ja|二十世紀}}, Japan, 1898; name means "20th century", also spelled 'Nijusseiki')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fruit.naro.affrc.go.jp/kajunoheya/nashi/nijisseiki.html |title=独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 農研機構 果樹研究所: 果樹研 |work=affrc.go.jp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003121252/http://fruit.naro.affrc.go.jp/kajunoheya/nashi/nijisseiki.html |archive-date=3 October 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pomes/nashi/nijiseik |title=NSW Primary Industries 2002. ''Nashi Asian pear varieties'', nijiseiki. Agfact H4.1.14 |access-date=25 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625125434/http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pomes/nashi/nijiseik |archive-date=25 June 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ('Green pears')
* 'Niitaka' ({{lang|ja|新高}}, Japan, 1927)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fruit.naro.affrc.go.jp/kajunoheya/nashi/niitaka.html |title=独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 農研機構 果樹研究所: 果樹研 |work=affrc.go.jp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003121259/http://fruit.naro.affrc.go.jp/kajunoheya/nashi/niitaka.html |archive-date=3 October 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pomes/nashi/nitaka |title=NSW Primary Industries 2002. ''Nashi Asian pear varieties'', nitaka. Agfact H4.1.14 |access-date=25 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625125428/http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pomes/nashi/nitaka |archive-date=25 June 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ('Russet pears')
* 'Okusankichi' ({{lang|ja|晩三吉}}, Japan, native)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fruit.naro.affrc.go.jp/kajunoheya/nashi/okusankichi.html |title=独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 農研機構 果樹研究所: 果樹研 |work=affrc.go.jp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003121404/http://fruit.naro.affrc.go.jp/kajunoheya/nashi/okusankichi.html |archive-date=3 October 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pomes/nashi/okusanki |title=NSW Primary Industries 2002. ''Nashi Asian pear varieties'', okusanki. Agfact H4.1.14 |access-date=25 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625125439/http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pomes/nashi/okusanki |archive-date=25 June 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ('Russet pears')
* 'Raja' (new)<ref name="Raja">{{cite book |author1=Edwards, Barbara |author2=Olivella, Mary |year=2011 |title=From Tree to Table: Growing Backyard Fruit Trees in the Pacific Maritime Climate |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cpZG5dK6bUUC&q=raja+asian+pear&pg=PA127 |publisher=Skiptone |___location=Seattle |page=127 |isbn=9781594855191 }}</ref> ('Russet pears')
* 'Shinko' ({{lang|ja|新興}}, Japan, pre-1941)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fruit.naro.affrc.go.jp/kajunoheya/nashi/shinkou.html |title=独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 農研機構 果樹研究所: 果樹研 |work=affrc.go.jp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003121318/http://fruit.naro.affrc.go.jp/kajunoheya/nashi/shinkou.html |archive-date=3 October 2011 }}</ref><ref name="nsw2">{{cite web |url=http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pomes/nashi/shinko |publisher=New South Wales Department of Primary Industries |year=2002 |title=Nashi Variety: Shinko |access-date=2 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625125502/http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pomes/nashi/shinko |archive-date=25 June 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ('Russet pears') ('Russet pears')
* 'Hwangkeum' ({{lang|ko|황금}}, {{lang|zh|黄金}}, Korea, 1984, 'Niitaka' × 'Nijisseiki')
* 'Huanghuali' (not to be confused with the wood of ''[[Dalbergia odorifera]]'', also called Huanghuali)<ref>{{citation |author1=Cai, D.-y. |author2=Fan, T.-w. |author3=Teng, Y.-w. |author4=Zhao, C.-z. |author5=Chen, B.-h. |author6=Wang, F.-l. |year=2008 |title=Assessment of pear germplasm from the middle area of Gansu province using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers |journal=Journal of Fruit Science |volume=2008 |issue=3 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-GSKK200803004.htm }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.587.23 |title=The genetic resources and their utilization of ''Pyrus pyrifolia'' in China |journal=Acta Horticulturae |issue=587 |pages=201–205 |author1=Z.R. Luo |author2=Q.L. Zhang |name-list-style=amp |year=2002 }}</ref>
==={{Anchor|Nashi}}Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta===
{{Expand Japanese|topic=scitech|ナシ|date=December 2024}}
{{Infraspeciesbox
| image = Pear-tree,katori-city,japan.JPG
| genus = Pyrus
| species = pyrifolia
| varietas = culta
| authority = (Makino) Nakai
}}
'''''Pyrus pyrifolia'' var. ''culta''''' {{Nihongo|2=梨}} is a Japanese cultivar of pears.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (PYUPC)[Overview]{{!}} EPPO Global Database |url=https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/PYUPC |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=gd.eppo.int }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=taxonomy |title=Taxonomy browser (Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta) |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=332388 |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai |url=http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0001005440 |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=www.worldfloraonline.org }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta |url=https://nova.co.at/marsNova/en/instance/picture/Pyrus-pyrifolia-var-culta.xhtml?oid=63531 |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=marsNova |language=en }}</ref> It is also known as a Nashi tree.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta - Nashi Tree {{!}} FLORA TOSKANA |url=https://www.flora-toskana.com/en/exotic-fruit-plants/542-pyrus-pyrifolia-culta-nashi-birne-asienbirne-asiatische-apfelbirne.html |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=Flora Toskana GmbH |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hortipedia - Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta |url=https://en.hortipedia.com/Pyrus_pyrifolia_var._culta |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=en.hortipedia.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/101423007 |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en }}</ref> Sometimes called the Sand Pear<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta - efloraofindia |url=https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/species/m---z/r/rosaceae/pyrus/pyrus-pyrifolia-var-culta |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=sites.google.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai var. culta (Mak.) Nakai (PYRUS_PYR_CUL) |url=https://www.upov.int/genie/details.xhtml?cropId=4736 |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=www.upov.int }}</ref>
[[Yamanashi Prefecture]] is named after the fruit.
====Kanji====
It has a [[Chinese character]] representing it in Japanese {{Nihongo|2=梨}}. It is one of the [[Kyōiku kanji]] or Kanji taught in elementary school in Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kyoiku Kanji (教育漢字) - Kanshudo |url=https://www.kanshudo.com/collections/kyoiku_kanji |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324010221/https://www.kanshudo.com/collections/kyoiku_kanji |archive-date=24 March 2022 |access-date=6 May 2023 |website=www.kanshudo.com }}</ref>
It is one of the 20 kanji added to the [[Kyoiku kanji]] that are found in the names of the following prefectures of Japan<ref name="asahi-都道府県名">{{Cite news |url=http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASJ5K4VGYJ5KUTIL02Q.html |title=小学校の必修漢字に都道府県名20字追加 20年度にも |publisher=[[朝日新聞|朝日新聞デジタル]] |date=18 May 2016 |access-date=18 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518004607/http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASJ5K4VGYJ5KUTIL02Q.html |archive-date=18 May 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
It also generically refers to Pears in Chinese.
{{taxonbar|from=Q56886361}}
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Korean pear.jpg|A Japanese pear wrapped with a ribbon to give as a gift. A United States quarter is provided for scale
File:Asian.pear-Pyrus.pyrifolia-01.jpg|Sliced
File:Nashi-pear,katori-city,japan.JPG|Whole and cut
File:Asian.pear-Pyrus.pyrifolia-03.jpg|Padded to stop bruising
File:Asian.pear-Pyrus.pyrifolia-06.jpg|Group foamed for shipping
File:Korean.pear-Bae-Singo-01.jpg|At a South Korean market
File:Nashi pear tree in bloom.jpg|Nashi pear tree in bloom
File:Golden Asian Pear.png|Whole Golden Asian Pear
File:Golden Asian Pear 2.png|Whole Golden Asian Pear
</gallery>
== Notes ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== External links ==
{{Commons|Pyrus pyrifolia}}
<!-- This external link appears to have been derived from Wikipedia - commenting out for now
* [http://www.nashiaustralia.com.au/ Site of the Australian Nashi Growers Association] -->
* [http://www.upov.int/en/publications/tg-rom/tg149/tg_149_2.pdf Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability - Japanese pear], The [[International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants]], 1994-11-04.
* {{in lang|ja}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20120208113807/http://fruit.naro.affrc.go.jp/kajunoheya/nashi/pears.html ニホンナシ育成品種の系統図 (Cultivar trees of Japanese pears)], National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Japan
* Shin Hiratsuka, Shao-Ling Zhang "[https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(02)00043-2 Relationships between fruit set, pollen-tube growth, and S-RNase concentration in the self-incompatible Japanese pear]" ''Scientia Horticulturae'', '''95''' (4), 309-318 (2002).
* Carlos Castillo, Takeshi Takasaki, Toshihiro Saito, Shigemi Norioka, Tetsu Nakanishi "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110814091523/http://db1.wdc-jp.com/pdf_store/jspcmb/pdf/pb19_1/19_001.pdf Clonlng of the ''S<sub>8</sub>-RNase'' (''S<sub>8</sub>'' allele) of Japanese Pear (''Pyrus pyrifolia'' Nakai)]" ''Plant Biotechnology'', '''19''' (1), 1-6 (2002).
* {{PFAF|Pyrus pyrifolia}}
* {{CalPhotos|Pyrus|pyrifolia}}
{{Pyrus}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q838963}}
[[Category:Agriculture in Japan]]
[[Category:Fruits originating in East Asia]]
[[Category:Kyōiku kanji]]
[[Category:Pears]]
[[Category:Pyrus|pyrifolia]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Nicolaas Laurens Burman]]
[[Category:Yamanashi Prefecture]]
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