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The '''group attribution error''' refers to people's tendency to believe either
The '''group attribution error''' refers to people's tendency to believe either (1) that the characteristics of an individual group member are reflective of the group as a whole, or (2) that a group's decision outcome must reflect the preferences of individual group members, even when external information is available suggesting otherwise.<ref name=":04">{{cite journal|last1=Hamill|first1=Ruth|last2=Wilson|first2=Timothy D.|last3=Nisbett|first3=Richard E.|date=1980|title=Insensitivity to sample bias: Generalizing from atypical cases|url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/92179/InsensitivityToSampleBias.pdf|url-status=bot: unknown|journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|volume=39|issue=4|pages=578–589|doi=10.1037/0022-3514.39.4.578|hdl=2027.42/92179|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511145714/https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/92179/InsensitivityToSampleBias.pdf|archive-date=2016-05-11|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite journal|last1=Allison|first1=Scott T|last2=Messick|first2=David M|date=1985|title=The group attribution error|journal=Journal of Experimental Social Psychology|volume=21|issue=6|pages=563–579|doi=10.1016/0022-1031(85)90025-3}}</ref><ref>Mackie, Diane M.; Allison, Scott T. (1987). "Group attribution errors and the illusion of group attitude change". ''Journal of Experimental Social Psychology''.</ref>▼
# the characteristics of an individual group member are reflective of the group as a whole, or
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The group attribution error shares an [[attribution bias]] analogous to the [[fundamental attribution error]].<ref name=":1" /> Rather than focusing on individual's behavior, it relies on group outcomes and attitudes as its main basis for conclusions.
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===Type I===
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===Type II===
The second form of group attribution error was first reported by Scott T. Allison and David Messick in 1985. This form describes people's tendency to assume incorrectly that [[group decision-making|group decisions]] reflect group members' attitudes. In their study the researchers did multiple experiments presenting participants with group decisions made on the national, state, and local levels. Participants were presented with situations in which a matter of public policy was determined by a single leader with no popular vote, a popular vote of over 90% of the population, and a popular vote which included approximately 50% of the population. If no group attribution error were present, the participants would be expected to conclude that in the 90% vote the views of the individuals were reflective of the group decision, in the 50% vote they may or may not be, and in the leader decision there is no evidence that the individual views reflect the group outcome. Allison and Messick discovered instead, however, that the participants associated the individual views with the group outcome in all three cases.<ref name=":1" />
==== Limitations and threats ====
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In 2001, Corneille et al. conducted further studies that suggest that threatening groups are viewed as being both more extreme and more homogeneous.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Corneille|first1=Olivier|last2=Yzerbyt|first2=Vincent Y.|last3=Rogier|first3=Anouk|last4=Buidin|first4=Genevieve|date=2001|title=Threat and the Group Attribution Error: When Threat Elicits Judgments of Extremity and Homogeneity|journal=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin|volume=27|issue=4|pages=437–446|doi=10.1177/0146167201274005|s2cid=17149379}}</ref>
==Etymology==
The group attribution error has been referred as a term since 1985 by Scott T. Allison and David M. Messick after evaluating numerous researches made between 1970
==Human development perception of group attribution==
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*{{cite book|last1=Allison|first1=Scott T.|last2=Mackie|first2=Diane M.|last3=Messick|first3=David M.|title=Outcome Biases in Social Perception: Implications for Dispositional Inference, Attitude Change, Stereotyping, and Social Behavior|journal=Advances in Experimental Social Psychology|date=1996|volume=28|pages=53–93|doi=10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60236-1|isbn=9780120152285}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Worth|first1=Leila T.|last2=Allison|first2=Scott T.|last3=Messick|first3=David M.|title=Impact of a group decision on perception of one's own and others' attitudes|journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|date=1987|volume=53|issue=4|pages=673–682|doi=10.1037/0022-3514.53.4.673}}
{{Biases}}
[[Category:Attitude attribution]]
[[Category:Cognitive biases]]
[[Category:Group processes
[[Category:Error]]
[[Category:Prejudices]]
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