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Line 1: {{Expand Chinese\|倉頡輸入法\|date=March 2024}} {{Chinese\|pic=倉頡輸入法拆碼.jpg\|picsize=300px\|piccap=Coding of "倉頡輸入法" (i.e. Cangjie method) in [[traditional Chinese characters]]\|t=倉頡輸入法\|s=仓颉输入法\|p=Cāngjié Shūrùfǎ\|w=Ts'ang<sup>1</sup>-chieh<sup>2</sup> Shu<sup>1</sup>-ju<sup>4</sup>-fa<sup>3</sup>\|j=Cong1kit3 Syu1jap6faat3\|gr=Tsang Jye Shuruhfaa\|mi={{IPAc-cmn\|c\|ang\|1\|j\|ie\|2\|-\|sh\|u\|1\|r\|u\|4\|f\|a\|3}}\|y=Chōngkit Syūyahpfaat\|i={{IPA-yue\|tsʰɔ́ːŋ kɪ̄t ɕȳː jɐ̀p fāːt\|}}\|poj=Chhong-kiat Su-ji̍p-hoat}} {{Short description\|Chinese keyboard entry system}} {{Infobox Chinese\|pic=倉頡輸入法拆碼.jpg\|picsize=300px\|piccap=Coding of "{{zhi\|c=倉頡輸入法}}" (i.e. Cangjie method) in [[traditional Chinese characters]]\|t=倉頡輸入法\|s=仓颉输入法\|p=Cāngjié Shūrùfǎ\|w=Ts'ang<sup>1</sup>-chieh<sup>2</sup> Shu<sup>1</sup>-ju<sup>4</sup>-fa<sup>3</sup>\|j=Cong1kit3 Syu1jap6faat3\|gr=Tsang Jye Shuruhfaa\|mi={{IPAc-cmn\|c\|ang\|1\|j\|ie\|2\|-\|sh\|u\|1\|r\|u\|4\|f\|a\|3}}\|y=Chōngkit Syūyahpfaat\|i={{IPA-yue\|tsʰɔ́ːŋ kɪ̄t ɕȳː jɐ̀p fāːt\|}}\|poj=Chhong-kiat Su-ji̍p-hoat\|buc=Chŏng-kĭk Sṳ̆-ĭk-huák}} The '''Cangjie input method''' ('''Tsang-chieh input method''', sometimes called '''Changjie''', '''Cang Jie''', '''Changjei'''<ref>A spelling used as filename on [[ETen Chinese System]].</ref> or '''Chongkit''') is a system for entering [[Chinese characters]] into a [[computer]] using a standard [[computer keyboard]]. In [[filename]]s and elsewhere, the name Cangjie is sometimes abbreviated as cj. The input method was invented in 1976 by [[Chu Bong-Foo]], and named after [[Cangjie]] (Tsang-chieh), the [[mythological]] inventor of the Chinese writing system, at the suggestion of [[Chiang Wei-kuo]], the former Defense Minister of [[Taiwan]]. Chu Bong-Foo released the patent for Cangjie in 1982, as he thought that the method should belong to [[Chinese culture\|Chinese cultural heritage]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=~~http~~https://epaper.naer.edu.tw/~~index~~edm.php?grp_no=2&edm_no=33&content_no=875\|title=教育科技的專利與普及\|website=National Academy for Educational Research e-Newsletter\|date=1 February 2012\|access-date=2814 ~~May~~December ~~2017~~2022\|language=zh\|author=Chu, Chyi-Hwa (朱麒華)\|archive-date=1925 ~~October~~August ~~2017~~2022\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/~~20171019221201~~20220825232903/~~http~~https://epaper.naer.edu.tw/~~index~~edm.php?grp_no=2&edm_no=33&content_no=875\|url-status=live}}</ref> Therefore, Cangjie has become [[open-source software]] and is on every computer system that supports [[traditional Chinese characters]], and it has been extended so that Cangjie is compatible with the [[Simplified Chinese characters\|simplified Chinese]] character set. [[File:HK 石塘咀市政大廈 Shek Tong Tsui Municipal Services Building 電腦鍵盤 Chinese input keyboard Jan-2012.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|A Chinese keyboard in [[Shek Tong Tsui]] Municipal Services Building, [[Hong Kong]] with Cangjie hints printed on the lower-left corners of the keys. (Printed on the lower-right and upper-right corners are [[Dayi method\|Dayi]] hints and [[Zhuyin]] symbols respectively.)]] Line 9 ⟶ 11: Cangjie is the first Chinese input method to use the [[QWERTY]] keyboard. Chu saw that the QWERTY keyboard had become an international standard, and therefore believed that Chinese-language input had to be based on it.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://open-lit.com/listbook.php?cid=29&gbid=506&bid=18353&start=0\|title=智慧之旅\|author=Chu Bong-foo (朱邦復)\|website=開放文學\|language=zh-Hant\|access-date=8 June 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019220938/http://open-lit.com/listbook.php?cid=29&gbid=506&bid=18353&start=0\|archive-date=19 October 2017\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other, earlier methods use large keyboards with 40 to 2400 keys, except the [[Four-Corner Method]], which uses only number keys. Unlike the [[Pinyin input method]], Cangjie is based on the graphological aspect of the characters: each graphical unit, called a "[[Radical (Chinese characters)\|radical]]" (not to be confused with [[Kangxi radical]]s), is ~~represented~~re-parented by a basic character component, 24 in total, each mapped to a particular letter key on a standard [[QWERTY]] keyboard. An additional "difficult character" function is mapped to the X key. Keys are categorized into [[Cangjie input method#Keys and "radicals"\|four groups]], to facilitate learning and memorization. Assigning codes to Chinese characters is done by separating the constituent "radicals" of the characters. ==Overview== ===Keys and "radicals"=== The basic character components in Cangjie are called "radicals" ({{zhi\|c=字根}}) or "letters" ({{zhi\|c=字母}}). There are 24 radicals but 26 keys; the 24 radicals (the '''basic shapes''' {{~~Lang-zh\|c=\|s=~~zhi\|t=基本字形~~\|labels=no~~}}) are associated with roughly 76 '''auxiliary shapes''' ({{~~Lang-zh\|c=\|s=~~zhi\|t=輔助字形~~\|labels=no~~}}), which in many cases are either rotated or transposed versions of components of the basic shapes. For instance, the letter A ({{~~Lang-zh~~zhi\|c={{linktext\|日}}~~\|s=\|t=\|labels=no~~}}) can represent either itself, the slightly wider {{zhi\|c=曰}}, or a 90° rotation of itself. (For a more complete account of the 76-odd transpositions and rotations than the ones listed below, see the [[b:zh:倉頡輸入法/輔助字形\|article on Cangjie entry in Chinese Wikibooks]].) The 24 keys are placed in four groups: * Philosophical Group —– corresponds to the letters 'A' to 'G' and represents the sun, the moon, and the [[Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)\|five elements]] * Strokes Group —– corresponds to the letters 'H' to 'N' and represents the brief and subtle strokes * Body-Related Group —– corresponds to the letters 'O' to 'R' and represents various parts of the human [[anatomy]] * Shapes Group —– corresponds to the letters 'S' to 'Y' and represents complex and enclosed character forms {\| class="wikitable" !Group!!Key!!Name~~!!Primary meaning~~ !'''Auxiliary shapes'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web \|title=倉頡輸入法/輔助字形 - 维基教科书，自由的教学读本 \|url=https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E5%80%89%E9%A0%A1%E8%BC%B8%E5%85%A5%E6%B3%95/%E8%BC%94%E5%8A%A9%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2 \|access-date=2024-12-06 \|website=zh.wikibooks.org \|language=zh}}</ref>!!Examples<ref name=":0" /> \|- \| rowspan="7"\|Philosophical group \|A \|{{zhi\|c=日}} sun \|[[File:Cjrm-a0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-a2.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-a3.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\|日, 曰, 90° rotated 日 (as in 巴)~~ \| * [[File:Cjem-a0-1.svg\|30x30px\|明]]：日月 * [[File:Cjem-a1-1.svg\|30x30px\|書]]：中土日 * [[File:Cjem-a3-1.svg\|30x30px\|巴]]：日山 * [[File:Cjem-a3-2.svg\|30x30px\|眉]]：日竹月山 \|- \|B \|{{zhi\|c=月}} moon \|[[File:Cjrm-b0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-b2.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-b6.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\|the top four strokes of 目; 冂; 爫; 冖; the top and top-left part of 炙, 然, and 祭; the top-left four strokes of 豹 and 貓; and the top four strokes of 骨~~ [[File:Cjrm-b9.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-b10.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-b7.svg\|30x30px]] [[File:Cjrm-b8.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-b16.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-b12.svg\|30x30px]] [[File:Cjrm-b15.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-b11.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-b19.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-b2-1.svg\|30x30px\|肝]]：月一十 * [[File:Cjem-b19-3.svg\|25x25px\|骨]][[File:Cjem-b11-3.svg\|25x25px\|骨]]：月月月 * [[File:Cjem-b16-1.svg\|30x30px\|愛]]：月月心水 * [[File:Cjem-b12-1.svg\|30x30px\|望]]：卜月竹土 \|- \|C \|{{zhi\|c=金}} gold \|[[File:Cjrm-c0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-c2.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-c3.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\|itself, 丷, 八, and the penultimate two strokes of 四 and 匹~~ [[File:Cjrm-c6.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-c5.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-c1-2.svg\|30x30px\|鏡]]：金卜廿山 * [[File:Cjem-c2-2.svg\|30x30px\|弟]]：金弓中竹 * [[File:Cjem-c4-1.svg\|30x30px\|亦]]：卜中弓金 * [[File:Cjem-c6-1.svg\|30x30px\|四]]：田金 \|- \|D \|{{zhi\|c=木}} wood \|[[File:Cjrm-d0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-d3.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-d5.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\|itself, the first two strokes of 寸 and 才, the first two strokes of 也 and 皮~~ \| * [[File:Cjem-d0-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{來}-</nowiki>]]：木人人 * [[File:Cjem-d1-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{困}-</nowiki>]]：田木 * [[File:Cjem-d3-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{才}-</nowiki>]]：木竹 * [[File:Cjem-d6-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{也}-</nowiki>]]：心木 \|- \|E \|{{zhi\|c=水}} water \|[[File:Cjrm-e0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-e2.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-e6.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\|氵, the last five strokes of 暴 and 康, 又~~ [[File:Cjrm-e3.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-e0-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{冰}-</nowiki>]]：戈一水 * [[File:Cjem-e4-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{叉}-</nowiki>]]：水戈 * [[File:Cjem-e2-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{沿}-</nowiki>]]：水金口 * [[File:Cjem-e7-1.svg\|30x30px\|求]]：戈十水 \|- \|F \|{{zhi\|c=火}} fire \|[[File:Cjrm-f0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-f2.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-f3.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\|the shape 小, 灬, the first three strokes in 當 and 光~~ [[File:Cjrm-f5.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-f6.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-f7.svg\|30x30px]] [[File:Cjrm-f8.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-f0-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{秋}-</nowiki>]]：竹木火 * [[File:Cjem-f2-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{照}-</nowiki>]]：日口火 * [[File:Cjem-f3-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{絲}-</nowiki>]]：女火女戈火 * [[File:Cjem-f8-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{不}-</nowiki>]]：一火 \|- \|G \|{{zhi\|c=土}} ~~land~~earth \|[[File:Cjrm-g0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-g1.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-g2.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\| itself, or 士 for soldier~~ \| * [[File:Cjem-g0-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{走}-</nowiki>]]：土卜人 * [[File:Cjem-g0-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{再}-</nowiki>]]：一土月 * [[File:Cjem-g2-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{吉}-</nowiki>]]：土口 * [[File:Cjem-g2-4.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{樹}-</nowiki>]]：木土廿戈 \|- \| rowspan="7"\|Stroke group \|H \|{{zhi\|c=竹}} bamboo ({{zhi\|c=斜}} apostrophe) \|The [[Eight Principles of Yong\|slant]] and [[Eight Principles of Yong\|short slant]], the [[Kangxi Dictionary\|Kangxi]] [[radical (Chinese character)\|radical]] 竹, namely the upper parts in 笨 and 節 \|[[File:Cjrm-h0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-h1.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-h2.svg\|30x30px]] [[File:Cjrm-h3.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-h5.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-h6.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-h1-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{簡}-</nowiki>]]：竹日弓日 * [[File:Cjem-h3-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{白}-</nowiki>]]：竹日 * [[File:Cjem-h2-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{乃}-</nowiki>]]：弓竹尸 * [[File:Cjem-h6-5.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{爬}-</nowiki>]]：竹人日山 \|- \|I \|{{zhi\|c=戈}} dagger axe ({{zhi\|c=點}} dot) \|[[File:Cjrm-i0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-i1.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-i2.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\|The [[Eight Principles of Yong\|dot]], the first three strokes in 床 and 庫, and the shape 厶~~ [[File:Cjrm-i3.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-i0-5.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{我}-</nowiki>]]：竹手戈 * [[File:Cjem-i4-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{之}-</nowiki>]]：戈弓人 * [[File:Cjem-i2-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{廁}-</nowiki>]]：戈月金弓 * [[File:Cjem-i3-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{去}-</nowiki>]]：土戈 \|- \|J \|{{zhi\|c=十}} ten ({{zhi\|c=交}} cruciform) ~~\|The cross shape and the shape 宀~~ \|[[File:Cjrm-j0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-j2.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-j0-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{古}-</nowiki>]]：十口 * [[File:Cjem-j1-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{辦}-</nowiki>]]：卜十大尸十 * [[File:Cjem-j2-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{安}-</nowiki>]]：十女 * [[File:Cjem-j2-5.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{萱}-</nowiki>]]：廿十一一 \|- \|K \|{{zhi\|c=大}} big ({{zhi\|c=叉}} cross) ~~\|The X shape, including 乂 and the first two strokes of 右, as well as 疒~~ \|[[File:Cjrm-k0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-k4.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-k5.svg\|30x30px]] [[File:Cjrm-k2.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-k3.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-k0-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{爽}-</nowiki>]]：大大大大 * [[File:Cjem-k2-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{右}-</nowiki>]]大口 * [[File:Cjem-k4-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{文}-</nowiki>]]：卜大 * [[File:Cjem-k3-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{病}-</nowiki>]]：大一人月 \|- \|L \|{{zhi\|c=中}} centre ({{zhi\|c=緃}} vertical) ~~\|The [[Eight Principles of Yong\|vertical stroke]], as well as 衤 and the first four strokes of 書 and 盡~~ \|[[File:Cjrm-l0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-l1.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-l2.svg\|30x30px]] [[File:Cjrm-l3.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-l6.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-l0-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{仲}-</nowiki>]]：人中 * [[File:Cjem-l1-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{引}-</nowiki>]]：弓中 * [[File:Cjem-l3-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{書}-</nowiki>]]：中土日 * [[File:Cjem-l6-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{褲}-</nowiki>]]：中戈十十 \|- \|M \|{{zhi\|c=一}} one ({{zhi\|c=橫}} horizontal) ~~\|The [[Eight Principles of Yong\|horizontal stroke]], as well as the final stroke of 孑 and 刁, the shape 厂, and the shape 工~~ \|[[File:Cjrm-m0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-m1.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-m2.svg\|30x30px]] [[File:Cjrm-m3.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-m4.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-m0-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{旦}-</nowiki>]]：日一 * [[File:Cjem-m1-6.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{羽}-</nowiki>]]：尸一尸戈一 * [[File:Cjem-m2-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{原}-</nowiki>]]：一竹日火 * [[File:Cjem-m4-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{空}-</nowiki>]]：竹金一 \|- \|N \|{{zhi\|c=弓}} bow ({{zhi\|c=鈎}} hook) ~~\|The [[Eight Principles of Yong\|crossbow]] and the [[Eight Principles of Yong\|hook]]~~ \|[[File:Cjrm-n0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-n1.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-n2.svg\|30x30px]] [[File:Cjrm-n4.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-n5.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-n7.svg\|30x30px]] [[File:Cjrm-n10.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-n8.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-n0-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{弦}-</nowiki>]]：弓卜女戈 * [[File:Cjem-n1-4.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{到}-</nowiki>]]：一土中弓 * [[File:Cjem-n2-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{乃}-</nowiki>]]：弓竹尸 * [[File:Cjem-n4-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{色}-</nowiki>]]：弓日山 * [[File:Cjem-n10-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{飛}-</nowiki>]]：弓人竹廿人 \|- \| rowspan="4"\|Body parts group \|O \|{{zhi\|c=人}} person \|[[File:Cjrm-o0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-o3.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-o4.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\|The [[Eight Principles of Yong\|dismemberment]]; the Kangxi radical 人; the first two strokes of 丘 and 乓; the first two strokes of 知, 攻, and 氣; and the final two strokes of 兆~~ [[File:Cjrm-o11.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-o9.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-o10.svg\|30x30px]] [[File:Cjrm-o6.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-o7.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-o8.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-o2-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{以}-</nowiki>]]：女戈人 * [[File:Cjem-o9-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{象}-</nowiki>]]：弓日心人 * [[File:Cjem-o6-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{海}-</nowiki>]]：水人田卜 * [[File:Cjem-o7-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{仁}-</nowiki>]]：人一一 * [[File:Cjem-o14-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{之}-</nowiki>]]：戈弓人 \|- \|P \|{{zhi\|c=心}} heart \|[[File:Cjrm-p0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-p1.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-p3.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\|The Kangxi radical 忄; the second stroke in 心; the last four strokes in 恭, 慕, and 忝; the shape 匕; the shape 七; the penultimate two strokes in 代; and the shape 勹~~ [[File:Cjrm-p10.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-p12.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-p13.svg\|30x30px]] [[File:Cjrm-p4.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-p5.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-p9.svg\|30x30px]] [[File:Cjrm-p15.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-p16.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-p0-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{思}-</nowiki>]]：田心 * [[File:Cjem-p1-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{怕}-</nowiki>]]：心竹日 * [[File:Cjem-p2-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{恭}-</nowiki>]]：廿金心 * [[File:Cjem-p5-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{老}-</nowiki>]]：十大心 * [[File:Cjem-p11-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{世}-</nowiki>]]：心廿 * [[File:Cjem-p13-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{代}-</nowiki>]]：人戈心 * [[File:Cjem-p15-3.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{砲}-</nowiki>]]：一口心口山 \|- \|Q \|{{zhi\|c=手}} hand \|[[File:Cjrm-q0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-q1.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-q3.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\|The Kangxi radical 手~~ [[File:Cjrm-q9.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-q5.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-q8.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-q0-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{拿}-</nowiki>]]：人一口手 * [[File:Cjem-q1-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{打}-</nowiki>]]：手一弓 * [[File:Cjem-q3-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{承}-</nowiki>]]：弓弓手人 * [[File:Cjem-q5-4.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{看}-</nowiki>]]：竹手月山 * [[File:Cjem-q8-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{年}-</nowiki>]]：人手 \|- \|R \|{{zhi\|c=口}} mouth \|[[File:Cjrm-r0.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\|The Kangxi radical 口~~ \| * [[File:Cjem-r0-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{吹}-</nowiki>]]：口弓人 * [[File:Cjem-r0-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{石}-</nowiki>]]：一口 * [[File:Cjem-r0-3.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{區}-</nowiki>]]：尸口口口 * [[File:Cjem-r0-5.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{官}-</nowiki>]]：十口中口 \|- \| rowspan="6"\|Character shapes group \|S \|{{zhi\|c=尸}} corpse \|[[File:Cjrm-s0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-s2.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-s3.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\|匚, the first two strokes of 己, the first stroke of 司 and 刀, the third stroke of 成 and 豕, the first four strokes of 長 and 髟~~ [[File:Cjrm-s5.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-s6.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-s10.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-s0-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{尺}-</nowiki>]]：尸人 * [[File:Cjem-s2-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{己}-</nowiki>]]：尸山 * [[File:Cjem-s3-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{司}-</nowiki>]]：尸一口 * [[File:Cjem-s6-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{臣}-</nowiki>]]：尸中尸中 * [[File:Cjem-s9-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{耳}-</nowiki>]]；尸十 \|- \|T \|{{zhi\|c=廿}} twenty \|[[File:Cjrm-t0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-t1.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-t5.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\|Two vertical strokes connected by a horizontal stroke; the Kangxi radical 艸 when written as 艹 (whether the horizontal stroke is connected or broken)~~ [[File:Cjrm-t7.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-t8.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-t12.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-t13.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-t10.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-t0-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{甘}-</nowiki>]]：廿一 * [[File:Cjem-t1-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{昔}-</nowiki>]]：廿日 * [[File:Cjem-t5-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{草}-</nowiki>]]：廿日十 * [[File:Cjem-t10-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{虛}-</nowiki>]]：卜心廿一 * [[File:Cjem-t12-4.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{皿}-</nowiki>]]：月廿 * [[File:Cjem-t13-3.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{立}-</nowiki>]]：卜廿 \|- \|U \|{{zhi\|c=山}} mountain \|[[File:Cjrm-u0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-u1.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-u2.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\|Three-sided enclosure with an opening on the top~~ [[File:Cjrm-u4.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-u0-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{仙}-</nowiki>]]：人山 * [[File:Cjem-u1-3.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{目}-</nowiki>]]：月山 * [[File:Cjem-u2-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{孔}-</nowiki>]]：弓木山 * [[File:Cjem-u4-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{朔}-</nowiki>]]：廿山月 \|- \|V \|{{zhi\|c=女}} woman \|[[File:Cjrm-v0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-v2.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-v6.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\|A hook to the right; a V shape; the last three strokes in 艮, 衣, and 長~~ [[File:Cjrm-v8.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-v9.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-v10.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-v1-3.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{威}-</nowiki>]]：戈竹一女 * [[File:Cjem-v4-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{互}-</nowiki>]]：一女弓一 * [[File:Cjem-v9-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{鼠}-</nowiki>]]：竹難女卜女 * [[File:Cjem-v10-5.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{表}-</nowiki>]]：手一女 \|- \|W \|{{zhi\|c=田}} field \|[[File:Cjrm-w0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-w1.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-w3.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\|Itself, as well as any four-sided enclosure with something inside it, including the first two strokes in 母 and 毋~~ \| * [[File:Cjem-w0-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{車}-</nowiki>]]：十田十 * [[File:Cjem-w1-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{國}-</nowiki>]]：田戈口一 * [[File:Cjem-w3-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{毋}-</nowiki>]]：田十 \|- \|Y \|{{zhi\|c=卜}} fortune telling \|[[File:Cjrm-y0.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-y3.svg\|30x30px]][[File:Cjrm-y6.svg\|30x30px]] ~~\|The 卜 shape and rotated forms, the shape 辶, the first two strokes in 斗~~ [[File:Cjrm-y11.svg\|30x30px]] \| * [[File:Cjem-y0-2.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{外}-</nowiki>]]：弓戈卜 * [[File:Cjem-y2-1.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{充}-</nowiki>]]：卜戈竹山 * [[File:Cjem-y6-7.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{雨}-</nowiki>]]：一中月卜 * [[File:Cjem-y7-4.svg\|30x30px\|<nowiki>-{巡}-</nowiki>]]：卜女女女 \|- \|Collision/ Difficult key* \|X \|重/{{zhi\|c=難}} ~~collision/~~difficult \| colspan="2" \|<small>(1) disambiguation of Cangjie code decomposition collisions, </small> <small>(2) code for a "difficult-to-decompose" part</small> \|- \|Special character key* \|Z \|{{zhi\|c=重}} collision ~~\|(See note)~~ \|~~Auxiliary~~ ~~code~~colspan="2" \|This key is used for entering special characters (no meaning on its own). In most cases, this key combined with other keys will produce Chinese punctuations (such as {{zhi\|c=。,、,「」,『』}}). <small>Note: Some variants use Z as a collision key instead of X. In those systems, Z has the name "collision" ({{zhi\|c=重}}) and X has the name "difficult" ({{zhi\|c=難}}); but the use of Z as a collision key is neither in the original Cangjie nor used in the current mainstream implementations. In other variants, Z may have the name "user-defined" ({{zhi\|c=造}}) or some other name.</small> \|- \|Wildcard \|Shift + 8 () \|Wildcard \| colspan="2" \|It can replace any ~~key~~in-between ~~from 2nd to 5th place, and return a list matches the combination~~keys. It is ~~very~~ useful for unknown guesses when you are sure about the first and last input. (eE.g. Input {{zhi\|c=竹}}{{zhi\|c=竹}} will include ~~the following in the list~~: {{zhi\|c=身}}, {{zhi\|c=物}}, {{zhi\|c=秒}}, {{zhi\|c=第}} (in this case, the output is identical to that of [[Simplified Cangjie]].) \|} The auxiliary shapes of each Cangjie radical have changed slightly across different versions of the Cangjie method. Thus, this is one reason that different versions of the Cangjie method are not completely compatible. Chu Bong-Foo has provided alternate names for some letters according to their characteristics. For example, H ({{zhi\|c=竹}}) is also called {{zhi\|c=斜}}, which means slant. The names form a rhyme to help learners memorize the letters, each group being in a line (~~The~~the sounds of final characters are given in parentheses): :{{zhi\|c=日}} {{zhi\|c=月}} {{zhi\|c=金}} {{zhi\|c=木}} {{zhi\|c=水}} {{zhi\|c=火}} {{zhi\|c=土 ~~(tǔ)~~}} :{{zhi\|c=斜}} {{zhi\|c=點}} {{zhi\|c=交}} {{zhi\|c=叉}} {{zhi\|c=縱}} {{zhi\|c=橫}} {{zhi\|c=鈎 ~~(gōu)~~}} :{{zhi\|c=人}} {{zhi\|c=心}} {{zhi\|c=手}} {{zhi\|c=口 ~~(kǒu)~~}} :{{zhi\|c=側}} {{zhi\|c=並}} {{zhi\|c=仰}} {{zhi\|c=紐}} {{zhi\|c=方}} {{zhi\|c=卜 ~~(bǔ)~~}} ===Keyboard layout=== Line 155 ⟶ 327: ===Basic rules=== The typist must be familiar with several decomposition rules ({{zhi\|c=拆字規則}}) that define how to analyze a character to arrive at a Cangjie code. * Direction of decomposition: left to right, top to bottom, and outside to inside * Geometrically connected forms: take four Cangjie codes, namely the first, second, third, and last codes * Geometrically unconnected forms that can be broken into two subforms (e.g., {{zhi\|c=你}}): identify the two geometrically connected subforms according to the direction of decomposition rules (i.e., {{zhi\|c=人}} and {{zhi\|c=尔}}), then take the first and last codes of the first subform and the first, second, and last code of the second subform. * Geometrically unconnected forms that can be broken into multiple subforms (e.g., {{zhi\|c=謝}}): identify the first geometrically connected subform according to the direction of decomposition rules (i.e., {{zhi\|c=言}}) and take the first and last codes of that form. Next, break the remainder (i.e., {{zhi\|c=射}}) into subforms (i.e., {{zhi\|c=身}} and {{zhi\|c=寸}}) and take the first and last codes of the first subform and the last code of the last subform. The rules are subject to various principles: * '''Conciseness''' ({{zhi\|c=精簡}}) – if multiple ways of decomposition are possible, the shorter decomposition is ~~consider~~considered to be correct. * '''Completeness''' ({{zhi\|c=完整}}) – if multiple ways of decomposition with the same length of code are possible, the one that identifies a more complex form first is the correct decomposition. * '''Reflection of the form of the radical''' ({{zhi\|c=字型特徵}}) – the decomposition should reflect the shape of the radical, meaning (a) using the same code twice or more should be avoided if possible, and (b) the shape of the character should not be "cut" at a corner in the form. * '''Omission of codes''' ({{zhi\|c=省略}}) '''Partial omission''' ({{zhi\|c=部分省略}}) – when the number of codes in a complete decomposition exceeds the permitted number of codes, the extra codes are ignored. '''Omission in enclosed forms''' ({{zhi\|c=包含省略}}) – when part of the character to be decomposed and the form is an enclosed form, only the shape of the enclosure is decomposed; the enclosed forms are omitted. ===Examples=== [[File:TypingChineseCharactersWithCangjieGedit383Ubuntu1310Screencast.webm\|thumb\|Typing [[Standard Chinese\|Chinese]] with Cangjie input method version 5]][[File:CangjieOnMiNote2AndroidScreencast.webm\|thumb\|Typing [[Standard Chinese\|Chinese]] with Cangjie input method on an [[Android (operating system)\|Android device]] ]] * {{zhi\|c=車 (\|p=chē: \|l=vehicle)}} This character is geometrically connected, consisting of a single vertical structure, so we take the first, second, and last Cangjie codes from top to bottom. The Cangjie code is thus {{zhi\|c=十}} {{zhi\|c=田}} {{zhi\|c=十}} (JWJ), corresponding to the basic shapes of the codes in this example. * {{zhi\|c=謝 (\|p=xiè: \|l=to thank, to wither)}} This character consists of geometrically unconnected parts arranged horizontally. For the initial decomposition, we treat it as two parts, {{zhi\|c=言}} and {{zhi\|c=射}}. The first part, {{zhi\|c=言}}, is geometrically unconnected from top to bottom; we take the first ({{zhi\|c=亠}}, auxiliary shape of {{zhi\|c=卜}} Y) and last parts ({{zhi\|c=口}}, basic shape of {{zhi\|c=口}} R) and arrive at {{zhi\|c=卜}} {{zhi\|c=口}} (YR). The second part is again geometrically unconnected, arranged horizontally. The two parts are {{zhi\|c=身}} and {{zhi\|c=寸}}. * For the first part of this second part, {{zhi\|c=身}}, we take the first and last codes. Both are slants and therefore H; the first and last codes are thus {{zhi\|c=竹}} {{zhi\|c=竹}} (HH). * For the second part of the original second part, {{zhi\|c=寸}}, we take only the last part. Because this is geometrically unconnected and consists of two parts, the first part is the outer form while the second part is the dot in the middle. The dot is I, and therefore the last code is {{zhi\|c=戈}} (I). The Cangjie code is thus {{zhi\|c=卜}} {{zhi\|c=口}} (YR) {{zhi\|c=竹}} {{zhi\|c=竹}} (HH) {{zhi\|c=戈}} (I), or {{zhi\|c=卜}} {{zhi\|c=口}} {{zhi\|c=竹}} {{zhi\|c=竹}} {{zhi\|c=戈}} (YRHHI). * {{zhi\|c=谢}} (simplified version of {{zhi\|c=謝}}) This example is identical to the example just above, except that the first part is {{zhi\|c=讠}}; the first and last codes are {{zhi\|c=戈}} (I) and {{zhi\|c=女}} (V). Repeating the same steps as in the above example, we get {{zhi\|c=戈}} {{zhi\|c=女}} (IV) {{zhi\|c=竹}} {{zhi\|c=竹}} (HH) {{zhi\|c=戈}} (I), or {{zhi\|c=戈}} {{zhi\|c=女}} {{zhi\|c=竹}} {{zhi\|c=竹}} {{zhi\|c=戈}} (IVHHI). ===Exceptions=== Line 196 ⟶ 368: ! Version 5 \|- \| {{zhi\|c=門}} (door) \| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=日}} {{zhi\|c=弓}} (AN) \|- \| {{zhi\|c=目}} (eye) \| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=月}} {{zhi\|c=山}} (BU) \|- \| {{zhi\|c=鬼}} (ghost) \| style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=竹}} {{zhi\|c=戈}} (HI) \| style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=竹}} {{zhi\|c=戈}} (HI) or HUI \| style="text-align:center" \| — \|- \| {{zhi\|c=几}} (small table) \| style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=竹}} {{zhi\|c=山}} (HU) \| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=竹}} {{zhi\|c=弓}} (HN) \|- \| {{zhi\|c=贏}} (win) \| style="text-align:center" \| — \| style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=卜}} {{zhi\|c=口}} {{zhi\|c=月}} {{zhi\|c=月}} {{zhi\|c=弓}} (YRBBN) \| style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=卜}} {{zhi\|c=弓}} {{zhi\|c=月}} {{zhi\|c=山}} {{zhi\|c=金}} (YNBUC) \|- \| {{zhi\|c=虍}} (tiger [radical]) \| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=卜}} {{zhi\|c=心}} (YP) \|- \| {{zhi\|c=亡}} on top of {{zhi\|c=口}} ({{zhi\|c=吂}}) \| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=卜}} {{zhi\|c=口}} (YR) \| style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=卜}} {{zhi\|c=女}} {{zhi\|c=口}} (YVR) \|- \| {{zhi\|c=隹}} (fowl) \| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=人}} {{zhi\|c=土}} (OG) \|- \| {{zhi\|c=气}} (air [radical]) \| style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=人}} {{zhi\|c=山}} (OU) \| style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=人}} {{zhi\|c=弓}} (ON) \| style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=人}} {{zhi\|c=一}} {{zhi\|c=弓}} (OMN) \|- \| {{zhi\|c=畿}} minus the {{zhi\|c=田}} \| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=女}} {{zhi\|c=戈}} (VI) \|- \| {{zhi\|c=鬥}} (compete) \| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=中}} {{zhi\|c=弓}} (LN) \|- \| {{zhi\|c=阝}} (mound or city radical) \| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" \| {{zhi\|c=弓}} {{zhi\|c=中}} (NL) \|} Some forms cannot be decomposed. They are represented by an X, which is the {{zhi\|c=難}} key on a Cangjie keyboard.<ref>{{cite web \|title=倉頡取碼規則及方法 \|trans-title=Cangjie code retrieval rules and methods \|url=http://www.chinesecj.com/newlearncj/cj5/cj5.php \|date=1997–2002 \|website=Friends of Cangjie \|language=zh \|access-date=2 October 2020 \|archive-date=1 January 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101002751/http://www.chinesecj.com/newlearncj/cj5/cj5.php \|url-status=live }}</ref> {\| class="wikitable" ! Form !! Fixed decomposition (v5) \|- \|{{zhi\|c=臼}}\|\|{{zhi\|c=竹}} {{zhi\|c=難}} (HX) ~~\|臼\|\|HX~~ \|- \|{{zhi\|c=與}}\|\|{{zhi\|c=竹}} {{zhi\|c=難}} {{zhi\|c=卜}} {{zhi\|c=金}} (HXYC) ~~\|與\|\|HXYC~~ \|- \|{{zhi\|c=興}}\|\|{{zhi\|c=竹}} {{zhi\|c=難}} {{zhi\|c=月}} {{zhi\|c=金}} (HXBC) ~~\|興\|\|HXBC~~ \|- \|{{zhi\|c=盥}}\|\|{{zhi\|c=竹}} {{zhi\|c=難}} {{zhi\|c=月}} {{zhi\|c=廿}} (HXBT) ~~\|盥\|\|HXBT~~ \|- \|{{zhi\|c=姊}}\|\|{{zhi\|c=女}} {{zhi\|c=中}} {{zhi\|c=難}} {{zhi\|c=竹}} (VLXH) ~~\|姊\|\|VLXH~~ \|- \|{{zhi\|c=齊}}\|\|{{zhi\|c=卜}} {{zhi\|c=難}} (YX) ~~\|齊\|\|YX~~ \|- \|{{zhi\|c=兼}}\|\|{{zhi\|c=廿}} {{zhi\|c=難}} {{zhi\|c=金}} (TXC) ~~\|兼\|\|TXC~~ \|- \|{{zhi\|c=鹿}}\|\|{{zhi\|c=戈}} {{zhi\|c=難}} {{zhi\|c=心}} (IXP) ~~\|鹿\|\|IXP~~ \|- \|{{zhi\|c=身}}\|\|{{zhi\|c=竹}} {{zhi\|c=難}} {{zhi\|c=竹}} (HXH) ~~\|身\|\|HXH~~ \|- \|{{zhi\|c=卍}}\|\|{{zhi\|c=弓}} {{zhi\|c=難}} (NX) ~~\|卍\|\|NX~~ \|- \|{{zhi\|c=黽}}\|\|{{zhi\|c=口}} {{zhi\|c=難}} {{zhi\|c=山}} (RXU) ~~\|黽\|\|RXU~~ \|- \|{{zhi\|c=龜}}\|\|{{zhi\|c=弓}} {{zhi\|c=難}} {{zhi\|c=山}} (NXU) ~~\|龜\|\|NXU~~ \|- \|{{zhi\|c=廌}}\|\|{{zhi\|c=戈}} {{zhi\|c=難}} {{zhi\|c=火}} (IXF) ~~\|廌\|\|IXF~~ \|- \|{{zhi\|c=慶}}\|\|{{zhi\|c=戈}} {{zhi\|c=難}} {{zhi\|c=水}} (IXE) ~~\|慶\|\|IXE~~ \|- \|{{zhi\|c=淵}}\|\|{{zhi\|c=水}} {{zhi\|c=中}} {{zhi\|c=難}} {{zhi\|c=中}} (ELXL) ~~\|淵\|\|ELXL~~ \|- \|{{zhi\|c=肅}}\|\|{{zhi\|c=中}} {{zhi\|c=難}} (LX) ~~\|肅\|\|LX~~ \|} ==Early development== Initially, the Cangjie input method was not intended to produce a character in any [[character set]]. Instead, it was part of an integrated system consisting of the Cangjie input ''rules'' and a Cangjie ''controller board''. This controller board contains [[Chinese character generator\|character generator]] [[firmware]], which dynamically generates Chinese characters from Cangjie codes when characters are ''output'', using the hi-res graphics mode of the [[Apple II]] ~~computer~~. In the preface of the [[#References\|Cangjie user's manual]], [[Chu Bong-Foo]] wrote in 1982: {{~~quote~~blockquote\|[in translation]<br>In terms of output: The output and input, in fact, [form] an integrated whole; there is no reason that [they should be] dogmatically separated into two different facilities.… This is in fact necessary.…}} In this early system, when the user types "yk", for example, to get the Chinese character {{zhi\|c=文}}, the Cangjie codes do not get converted to any character encoding and the actual string "yk" is stored. The Cangjie code for each character (a string of 1 to 5 lowercase letters plus a space) {{em\|was}} the encoding of that particular character. [[Image:Mingzhu xiaoziku1.PNG\|frame\|right\|Demonstration of character generator ''Mingzhu''{{'}}s capability to generate characters according to the codes. The first character is 𮨻 (⿰{{zhi\|c=飠它}}), which denotes a kind of soup in [[Xuzhou cuisine]]~~. Other characters are never recorded~~.]] A particular "feature" of this early system is that, if one sends random lowercase words to it, the character generator will attempt to construct Chinese characters according to the Cangjie decomposition rules, sometimes causing strange, unknown characters to appear. This unintended feature, "automatic generation of characters", is described in the manual and is responsible for producing [[#number-of-characters\|more than 10,000 of the 15,000 characters]] that the system can handle. The name Cangjie, evocative of the creation of new characters, was indeed apt for this early version of Cangjie. Line 298 ⟶ 470: * One must also be familiar with the decomposition rules, lack of knowledge of which results in increased difficulty in typing the intended characters. * The user cannot type a character that they have forgotten how to write (a problem with all non-phonetic based input methods). With enough practice, users can overcome the above problems. Typical touch-typists can type Chinese at 25 characters per minute (cpm), or better, using Cangjie, despite having difficulty remembering the list of auxiliary shapes or the decomposition rules. Experienced Cangjie typists can reportedly attain a typing speed from 60 cpm to over 200 cpm.{{Citation needed\|date=October 2024}} According to Chen Minzheng, his teaching experience at Longtian Elementary School in Taitung in 1990, the average typing speed of children was 90 words per minute, and some children even reached more than 130 words per minute.<ref>https://www.chinesecj.com/forum/forum.php?mod=attachment&aid=MTIwNnw1MjMxNmQwMXwxNjg2OTYyNTE4fDB8MTUwMjQ%3D page 58</ref>{{Better source needed\|reason=Forum posts are not reliable sources ([[WP:NOTRS]]).\|date=October 2024}} === Limitations in implementation === The decomposition of a character depends on a predefined set of "standard shapes" ({{zhi\|c=標準字形}}). However, as many variations of Cangjie exist in different countries, the standard shape of a certain character in Cangjie is not always the one the user has learnt before. Learning Cangjie then entails learning not only Cangjie itself but also unfamiliar standard shapes for some characters. The Cangjie [[Input method\|input method editor]] (IME) does not handle mistakes in decomposition except by informing the user (usually by beeping) that there is a mistake. However, Cangjie is originally designed to assign different codes to different variants of a character. For example, in the Cangjie provided on Windows, the code for {{zhi\|c=產}} is YHHQM, which corresponds not to the shape of this character but to another variant, {{zhi\|c=産}}. This is a problem resulting from the implementation of Cangjie on Windows. In the original Cangjie, {{zhi\|c=產}} should be YKMHM (the first part is {{zhi\|c=文}}) while {{zhi\|c=産}} is YHHQM (the first part is {{zhi\|c=产}}). Punctuation marks are not geometrically decomposed, but rather given predefined codes that begin with ZX followed by a string of three letters related to the ordering of the characters in the [[Big5]] code. (This set of codes was added to Cangjie on the traditional Chinese version of Windows 95. On Windows 3.1, Cangjie did not have a set of codes for punctuation marks.) Typing punctuation marks in Cangjie thus becomes a frustrating exercise involving either memorization or pick-and-peck. However, this is solved on modern systems through accessing a virtual keyboard on screen (On Windows, this is activated by pressing Ctrl + Alt + comma key). Commonly-made errors include not considered as alternative codes. For example, if one does not decompose {{zhi\|c=方}} from top to bottom into YHS, but instead type YSH according to stroke order, Cangjie does not return the character {{zhi\|c=方}} as a choice. Since Cangjie requires all 26 keys of the [[QWERTY]] keyboard, it cannot be used to input Chinese characters on feature phones, which have only a [[Telephone keypad\|12-key keypad]]. Alternative input methods, such as [[Zhuyin]], [[Wubihua method\|5-stroke]] (or 9-stroke by [[Motorola]]), and the [[Q9 input method]], are used instead. ==Versions== The Cangjie input method is commonly said to have gone through five generations (commonly referred to as "versions" in English), each of which is slightly incompatible with the others. Currently, version 3 ({{zhi\|c=第三代倉頡}}) is the most common and supported natively by [[Microsoft Windows]]. Version 5 ({{zhi\|c=第五代倉頡}}), supported by the Free Cangjie IME and previously the only Cangjie supported by [[Smart Common Input Method\|SCIM]], represents a significant minority method and is supported by [[iOS]], and supported by Microsoft Windows since [[Windows Vista]]. Before Windows Vista, Microsoft Windows needs to install [[HKSCS]] update to support Cangjie Version 5.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=FAQ: How to enable Cantonese characters and Unicode CKJ extensions in Windows :: Pinyin Joe \|url=https://www.pinyinjoe.com/faq/windows-cantonese-chinese-characters-cjk-extension.htm \|access-date=2025-04-26 \|website=www.pinyinjoe.com}}</ref> The early Cangjie system supported by the Zero One card on the Apple II was Version 2; Version 1 was never released. Line 325 ⟶ 499: * Some IMEs provide one or more [[Wildcard character\|wildcard]] keys, usually but not always * and/or ?, that allow the user to omit part(s) of the Cangjie code; the system will display a list of matching characters for the user to choose. Examples include the X window Chinese INput XIM server (xcin), the Smart Common Input Method (SCIM), and the IME of the [[Founder Group]] (University of Peking) typesetting systems. Microsoft Windows's standard "Changjie" IME allows * to substitute for in-between characters (effectively reducing it to [[Simplified Cangjie]] entries), while the "New Changjie" IME allows * as a wildcard anywhere except for the first character. * Some IMEs provide an "abbreviation" feature, where impossible Cangjie codes are interpreted as abbreviations for the Cangjie codes of more than one character. This allows more characters to be input with fewer keys. An example is the Smart Common Input Method (SCIM). * Some IMEs provide an "association" ({{zhi\|c=聯想}} lianxiang) feature, where the system anticipates what you are going to type next, and provides you with a list of characters or even phrases associated with what the user has typed. An example is the [[Microsoft]] "Changjie" IME. * Some IMEs present the list of candidate characters differently, depending on the frequency of character use (how often that character has been typed by the user). An example is the Cangjie IME in the [[NJStar]] Chinese word processor. Line 331 ⟶ 505: There have also been various attempts to "simplify" Cangjie one way or another: * [[Simplified Cangjie]] (, also known as ~~Quick~~quick, ({{zhi\|c=簡易 \|p=jiǎnyì)}} or ({{zhi\|c=速成 \|p=sùchéng~~) )~~}}, has the same radicals, auxiliary shapes, decomposition rules, and short list of exceptions as Cangjie, but only the first and last codes are used if more than two codes are required in Cangjie. == Applications == Many researchers have discussed ways to decompose Chinese characters into their major components, and tried to build applications based on the decomposition system. The idea can be referred to as the study of the {{ill\|Genes of Chinese Characters\|zh\|漢字基因}}. Cangjie codes offer a basis for such an endeavour. [[Academia Sinica]] in Taiwan<ref>{{cite web \|title=漢字構形資料庫 \|trans-title=Chinese Character Configuration Database \|url=http://cdp.sinica.edu.tw/cdphanzi/ \|date=2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727065038/http://cdp.sinica.edu.tw/cdphanzi/ \|archive-date=27 July 2020 \|website=Chinese Document Processing Lab \|language=zh \|access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref> and Jiaotong University in Shanghai<ref>上海交通大學漢字編碼組,上海漢語拼音文字研究組編著。漢字信息字典。北京市科學出版社，1988。</ref> have similar projects as well. One direct application of the use of decomposed characters is the possibility of computing the similarities between different Chinese characters.<ref>宋柔，林民，葛詩利。漢字字形計算及其在校對系統中的應用，小型微型計算機系統，第29卷第10期，第1964至1968頁，2008。</ref> The Cangjie input method offers a good starting point for this kind of application. By relaxing the limit of five codes for each Chinese character and adopting more detailed Cangjie codes, visually similar characters can be found by computation. Integrating this with pronunciation information enables computer-assisted learning of Chinese characters.<ref>{{cite journal \| last1 = Liu \| first1 = Chao-Lin \| last2 = Lai \| first2 = Min-Hua \| last3 = Tien \| first3 = Kan-Wen \| last4 = Chuang \| first4 = Yi-Hsuan \| last5 = Wu \| first5 = Shih-Hung \| last6 = Lee \| first6 = Chia-Ying \| year = 2011\| title = Visually and phonologically similar characters in incorrect Chinese words: Analyses, identification, and applications \| doi = 10.1145/1967293.1967297 \| journal = ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing \| volume = 10 \| issue = 2\| pages = 1–39 \| s2cid = 7288710 }}</ref> ==See also== Line 345 ⟶ 519: ==Notes== {{cleanup\|date=May 2022\|reason=these footnotes should be linked to the places in the text above they refer to, e.g. with [[Template:efn]].}} * Taipei: Chwa! Taiwan Inc. (全華科技圖書公司). <cite>倉頡中文資訊碼 : 倉頡字母、部首、注音三用檢字對照</cite> [The Cangjie Chinese information code : with indexes keyed by Cangjie radicals, Kangxi radicals, and zhuyin]. Publication number 023479. — This is the user manual of an early Cangjie system with a Cangjie controller card. * Taipei: Chwa! Taiwan Inc. ({{zhi\|c=全華科技圖書公司}}). <cite>{{zhi\|c=倉頡中文資訊碼}} : {{zhi\|c=倉頡字母、部首、注音三用檢字對照}}</cite> [The Cangjie Chinese information code : with indexes keyed by Cangjie radicals, Kangxi radicals, and zhuyin]. Publication number 023479. — This is the user manual of an early Cangjie system with a Cangjie controller card. The second-to-last paragraph on the first page in the section entitled "The Cangjie radical-based Chinese input method" (倉頡字母中文輸入法) states that<blockquote id="auxiliary">[Translation]<br /> This is no problem; there are also auxiliary forms to complement the deficiencies of the radicals. The auxiliary forms are variations of the shape of the radicals, [and therefore] easy to remember.</blockquote> The second-to-last paragraph on the first page in the section entitled "The Cangjie radical-based Chinese input method" ({{zhi\|c=倉頡字母中文輸入法}}) states that<blockquote id="auxiliary">[Translation]<br /> This is no problem; there are also auxiliary forms to complement the deficiencies of the radicals. The auxiliary forms are variations of the shape of the radicals, [and therefore] easy to remember.</blockquote> ** The last paragraph on the fifth page in the same section states<blockquote id="number-of-characters">[Translation]<br /> The dictionary appended [to this book] is based on the 4800 standard, commonly used characters as proclaimed by the Ministry of Education. Adding to this the characters that are automatically generated, the number of characters is about 15,000 (using the Kangxi dictionary as a basis).</blockquote> * Part of the information from this article comes from [[:zh:倉頡輸入法\|the equivalent Chinese-language Wikipedia article]] Line 352 ⟶ 527: * It might be difficult to find specific references to the "not error-forgiving" property of Cangjie. The table at https://web.archive.org/web/20050206223713/http://www.array.com.tw/keytool/compete.htm is one external reference that states this fact. * [http://input.foruto.com/introduce/introduce_article021.htm Input.foruto.com] has a brief history of the Cangjie input method as seen by that article's author. Versions 1 and 2 are clearly identified in the article. * [http://www.cbflabs.com/book/essay/agdi0.htm Cbflabs.com] contains a number of articles written by Mr Chu Bong-Foo, with references not only to the Cangjie input method, but also Chinese language computing in general. Versions 5 and 6 (now referred to as 5) of the Cangjie input method are clearly identified. ==References== Line 360 ⟶ 535: {{Commons category\|Cangjie input method}} * [http://www.cangjieinput.com Online Cangjie Input Method 網上倉頡輸入法] * [~~http~~https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/ ~~'''The Chinese University of Hong Kong Research Centre for Humanities Computing:'''~~ ''Chinese Character Database: With Word-formations Phonologically Disambiguated According to the Cantonese Dialect''] at ''[[The Chinese University of Hong Kong]] Research Centre for Humanities Computing'': A Chinese character database covering the entire set of Big-5 Chinese characters (5401 Level 1 and 7652 Level 2 Hanzi) as well as 7 additional ETen Hanzi. Cangjie input codes are shown for each character in the database. Note: The Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set (HKSCS - 2001) is not included in this database. * [http://www.cbflabs.com/down/show.php?id=62 ''Mingzhu'' generator]{{in lang\|zh-tw}}: Chu Bong Foo's page. Includes the executable, sourcecode and instructions. ''Mingzhu'' is a Canjie character generator that runs on MS Windows ~~' "[[COMMAND.COM\|DOS PROMPT]]". It requires [[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] and Link~~. * [http://www.chinesecj.com ~~'''~~Friend of the Cangjie~~'''~~]: a Cangjie reference and a place where it is possible to download the Cangjie 5 for various operating systems, and Cangjie's supplementary input code lists for inputting the Simplified characters * [http://www.vincentchu.com/cjexplorer.html ~~'''~~CjExplorer~~'''~~]: a tool for learning Cangjie. The Cangjie code for a highlighted Chinese character will be displayed when the tool is running. * [http://www.cocoanutstech.com/cang_jie/www.cjmember.com/the_cj_method.htm#Basic%20Principles ~~'''~~Overview of the Cang-Jie Method~~'''~~]: a ~~great~~ resource for English speakers to learn the rules and method of Cangjie. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191011040315/http://www.i2cangjie.com/ Online Cangjie Input Method Editor (IME) 網上倉頡輸入法] {{Chinese language}} * [http://www.chinesecj.com 倉頡之友。馬來西亞] {{Input method}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cangjie Input Method}} [[Category:~~Han character~~CJK input methods]] [[Category:Articles containing video clips]]