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{{Short description|Italian writer (1921–1989)}}

'''Leonardo Sciascia''' ([[Racalmuto]], [[Agrigento]], [[January 8]], [[1921]] - [[Palermo]], [[November 20]], [[1989]]) was an [[Italy|Italian]] writer and politician. Sciascia, (pronounced Shasha), was a councillor in [[Sicily]], a deputy in the national assembly and, later, a member of the [[European Parliament]]. Trained as a [[teacher]], it was only later in life that he devoted himself to writing about [[Sicily]] and the [[Mafia]].

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}

{{Infobox officeholder

|honorific-prefix =

|name = Leonardo Sciascia

|image = Leonardo Sciascia.jpg

|office1 = Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]

|term_start1 = 20 June 1979

|term_end1 = 11 July 1983

|constituency1 = [[Rome]]

|constituency_MP2 = [[Central Italy (European Parliament constituency)|Central Italy]]

|parliament2 = European

|term_start2 = 17 July 1979

|term_end2 = 24 September 1979

|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1921|1|8}}

|birth_place = [[Racalmuto]], Kingdom of Italy

|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1989|11|20|1921|1|8}}

|death_place = [[Palermo]], Italy

|nationality = Italian

|residence = Palermo, Sicily

|party = [[Italian Communist Party|PCI]] (1975–1977)<br>[[Radical Party (Italy)|PR]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Leonardo Sciascia deputato radicale 1978–1983|author=Lanfranco Palazzolo|publisher=Kaos|date= 1 January 2004}}</ref> (1979–1984)

|profession = Writer, novelist, journalist, political activist

}}

'''Leonardo Sciascia''' ({{IPA|it|leoˈnardo ʃˈʃaʃʃa|lang|It-Leonardo Sciascia.oga}}; 8 January 1921 – 20 November 1989) was an Italian writer, novelist, essayist, playwright, and politician. Some of his works have been made into films, including ''[[Open Doors (film)|Porte Aperte]]'' (1990; ''Open Doors''), ''[[Illustrious Corpses|Cadaveri Eccellenti]]'' (1976; ''Illustrious Corpses''), ''[[Todo Modo]]'' (also 1976) and ''[[The Day of the Owl (film)|Il giorno della civetta]]'' (1968; ''The Day of the Owl''). He is one of the greatest literary figures in the [[Western literature|European literature]] of the 20th century.

==Biography==

A number of his books demonstrate how the Mafia manages to sustain itself in the face of the [[anomie]] inherent in Sicilian life: 'The Day of the Owl' and 'Equal Danger' being amongst the most powerful. His forensic analysis of the kidnapping and assassination of [[Aldo Moro]], a prominent [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democrat]], in his book 'The Moro Affair' is masterly. His work is intricate and displays a longing for justice attempting to show how corrupt Italian society had become and remains. His linking of politicians, intrigue, and the Mafia gave him a high profile, which was very much at odds with his private self. This accumulated in him becoming widely disliked for his criticism of [[Giulio Andreotti]], then Prime Minster, for his lack of action towards freeing Moro and answering the demands of the [[Brigate Rosse]] (Red Brigade).

{{Moresources|section|date=August 2023}}

Sciascia was born in [[Racalmuto]], Sicily, on 8 January 1921.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Michela Montante|title=Leonardo Sciascia: The Writer |journal=[[World Literature Today]]|date=Winter 1991|volume=65|issue=1|pages=65–68 |doi=10.2307/40146124|jstor=40146124}}</ref> In 1935, his family moved to [[Caltanissetta]], where Sciascia studied under [[Vitaliano Brancati]], who would become his model in writing and introduce him to French novelists. From Giuseppe Granata, future [[Italian Communist Party|Communist]] member of the [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Italian Senate]], Sciascia learned about the [[Age of Enlightenment|French Enlightenment]] and [[American literature]]. In 1944, he married Maria Andronico, an elementary school teacher in Racalmuto. In 1948, his brother committed suicide, an event which profoundly impacted Sciascia.

Sciascia's first work, ''Favole della dittatura'' (''Fables of the Dictatorship''), a satire on [[Italian Fascism|fascism in Italy]], was published in 1950.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/528743/Leonardo-Sciascia|title=Leonardo Sciascia|encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Britannica|date=8 April 2024 }}</ref> This was followed in 1952 by ''La Sicilia, il suo cuore'' (''Sicily, its Heart''), his first and only poetry collection, illustrated by [[Emilio Greco]]. The following year Sciascia won the Premio Pirandello, awarded by the Sicilian Region, for his essay "''Pirandello e il pirandellismo''" ("Pirandello and Pirandellism").

Sciascia was part of a House of Deputies investigation into Moro's kidnapping, which concluded that there was a certain amount of negligence on the part of the Christian Democrat Party in their stance that the state was bigger than a person and that they would not swap Moro for 13 political prisoners, even though Moro himself had stated that the swapping of innocent people for political prisoners was a valid option in negotiations with terrorists. However, senior members of the party conveniently forgot this stance and even went as far as to say that Moro had been drugged and tortured to utter these words.

In 1954, he began collaborating with literature and [[ethnology]] magazines published by [[Salvatore Sciascia]] in Caltanissetta. In 1956, he published ''Le parrocchie di Regalpetra'' (''The Parishes of Regalpetra''), an autobiographic novel inspired by his experience as an elementary school teacher in his home town. In the same year, he moved to teach in Caltanissetta, only to move again to Rome in 1957 where he struck up a lifelong friendship with Sicilian artist, [[Bruno Caruso]]. In the autumn of 1957, he published ''Gli zii di Sicilia'' (''Uncles of Sicily''), which includes sharp views about themes such as the influence of the U.S. and of [[communism]] in the world, and the 19th century [[Italian unification|unification of Italy]].

The best of his books shows that, as in real life, there is rarely a happy ending and that there is rarely justice for the ordinary man. Prime examples of this are Equal Danger (Il Contesto), where the Police's best detective is drafted to Sicily to investigate a spate of murders of judges. Focussing on the inability of authorities to handle such investigation into the corruptions, Sciascia's hero is finally thwarted.

After one year in Rome, Sciascia moved back to Caltanissetta, in Sicily. In 1961, he published ''[[The Day of the Owl|Il giorno della civetta]]'' (''The Day of the Owl''), one of his most famous novels, about the Mafia, and in 1963, the historical novel ''Il consiglio d'Egitto'' (''The Council of Egypt''), set in 18th-century [[Palermo]]. After a series of essays, in 1965 he wrote the play ''L'onorevole'' (''The Honorable''), a denunciation of the complicities between government and [[Sicilian Mafia|the mafia]]. Another political mystery novel is 1966's ''[[To Each His Own (novel)|A ciascuno il suo]]'' (''To Each His Own'').

Sciascia wrote of his unique Sicilian experience, linking families with political parties, the treachery of alliances and allegiances and the calling of favours that resort in outcomes that are not for the benefit of society, but of those individuals who are in favour. Sciascia perhaps, in the end, wanted to prove that the corruption that was and is endemic in Italian society helps only those who are part of the secret societies and loyalties and the political classes.

The following year Sciascia moved to Palermo. In 1969, he began a collaboration with ''[[Corriere della Sera|Il Corriere della Sera]]''. That same year he published the play ''Recitazione della controversia liparitana dedicata ad A.D.'' (''Recitation of liparitana dispute dedicated to A.D.''), dedicated to [[Alexander Dubček]]. In 1971, Sciascia returned again to mystery with ''[[Equal Danger|Il contesto]]'' (''The Challenge''), which inspired [[Francesco Rosi]]'s movie ''[[Illustrious Corpses|Cadaveri eccellenti]]'' (1976; ''Illustrious Corpses''). The novel created [[Polemic]]s, due to its merciless portrait of Italian politics, as did his novel ''Todo modo'' (1974; ''One Way or Another''), due to its description of Italy's Catholic clergy.

==Notable Works==

===Detective Novels===

*''The Day of the Owl'', Il giorno della civetta (1961)

{{spoiler}}

At the 1975 communal elections in Palermo, Sciascia ran as an independent within the [[Italian Communist Party]] (PCI) slate and was elected to the city council. In the same year, he published ''La scomparsa di Majorana'' (''The Disappearance of Majorana''), dealing with the mysterious disappearance of scientist [[Ettore Majorana]]. In 1977, he resigned from PCI, due to his opposition to any dealing with the ''[[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Democrazia Cristiana]]'' (Christian Democratic party). Later, he would be elected to the Italian and European Parliament with the [[Radical Party (Italy)|Radical Party]].

In a small town early on a Saturday morning, a bus is about to leave the small square to go market in the next town nearby. A gun shot is heard and the figure running for the bus is shot twice in the back, with what is discovered as 'lupara' (Literally meaning wolf-shot &mdash; a

sawn-off shotgun that the mafia use for their killings.)

Sciascia's last works include the essay collection ''Cronachette'' (1985), the novels ''Porte aperte'' (1987; ''Open Doors'') and ''Il cavaliere e la morte'' (1988; ''The Horseman and Death''). He died on 20 November 1989 in Palermo.

The Captain from Parma gets on the case, ruffling feathers in his contemporaries and colleagues alike. Soon he discovers a link that doesn't stop in Sicily, but goes onwards towards Rome and the Minister Mancuso and Senator Livigno.

== Writing ==

It seems that the man shot has been warned that he should take protection from friends, which he refuses, soon his building firm was sabotaged and he has a warning bullet fired at him. Which all leads to the calling.

[[File:Leonardo Sciascia2.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Sciascia as Member of the Chamber of Deputies, 1979]]

A number of his books, such as ''The Day of the Owl'' (''Il giorno della civetta'') and ''Equal Danger'' (''Il contesto''), demonstrate how the Mafia manages to sustain itself with the help of the [[anomie]] inherent in Sicilian life. He presented a forensic analysis of the kidnapping and assassination of [[Aldo Moro]], a prominent [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democrat]], in his book ''The Moro Affair''.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Moro Affair and The Mystery of Majorana|edition=English and Italian; Hardcover|date= 1 January 1987|isbn=978-0856357008|publisher=Carcanet Press}}</ref>

Sciascia's work is intricate and displays a longing for justice while attempting to show how corrupt Italian society had become and remains. His linking of politicians, intrigue, and [[Sicilian Mafia|the Mafia]] gave him a high profile, which was very much at odds with his private self. This high profile resulted in his becoming widely disliked for his criticism of [[Giulio Andreotti]], then Prime Minister, for his lack of action to free Moro and answer the demands of the ''[[Red Brigades|Brigate Rosse]]'' (Red Brigades).

Using faintly corrupt methods, Bellodi- Carabinieri Captain- traps one man and uses the names given by a dead informer to trap another, who has money staved away in many bank accounts that add up to more than his fallow fields would ever bring.

In 1979, Sciascia was elected for the Radical Party in the House of Deputies and became a member of the committee of the House for the investigation into Moro's kidnapping, which stated that there was a certain amount of negligence on the part of the Christian Democrat Party in their stance that the state was bigger than a person, and that they would not swap Moro for 13 political prisoners, even though Moro himself had stated that the swapping of innocent people for political prisoners was a valid option in negotiations with terrorists. However, senior members of the party disagreed with this stance and were of the view that Moro had been drugged and tortured to utter these words. Out of this experience, Sciascia wrote an important book.

The death of an eye witness leads to the collasping of the case against all three, which sees Bellodi taken off the case and him going sick, for ignoring the ''crime passionel'' which was the obvious answer to all the deaths.

Sciascia wrote of his unique Sicilian experience, linking families with political parties, the treachery of alliances and allegiances, and the calling of favours that result in outcomes that do not benefit society, but those individuals who are in favor. His books are rarely characterized by a happy ending or by justice for the ordinary man. A prime example of this is ''Equal Danger'' (1973; ''Il Contesto''),<ref>{{cite book|title=Equal Danger|edition=First|publisher= Harper & Row|date=1973|author=Sciascia, Leonardo|language= en|isbn=978-0060138097}}</ref> in which the police's best detective is drafted to Sicily to investigate a spate of murders of judges. Focusing on the inability of authorities to handle such an investigation into the corruption, Sciascia's hero is finally thwarted.

Sciascia uses this story as refutation against the Mafia and the corruption apparent to his eyes that leads all the way to Rome.

His 1984 opus, ''Occhio di Capra''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sciascia |first1=Leonardo |title=Occhio di capra |date=1984 |publisher=Einaudi |___location=Torino |isbn=9788806057756 |oclc=797364283 }}</ref> (''Goat's Eye''), is a collection of Sicilian sayings and proverbs gathered from the area around his native village, to which he was intensely attached throughout his life.

Stylistically, this is light, yet requires further readings in order to grasp each of the nuances that he employs to tell his moral tale. It is a book for the writer, those interested in crime fiction and those in political machinations. Sciascia reveals his intellect to bring out the story, not to mock the reader for not knowing.

*''[[Equal Danger]]'' (1971)

== Works ==

*''To Each His Own'', A ciascuno il suo (1966)

[[File:Statue of Sciascia in Racalmuto.jpg|thumb|His statue in [[Racalmuto]]]]

{{spoiler}}

[[File:Sciascia's tombstone in Racalmuto.JPG|thumb|His tombstone in [[Racalmuto]]]]

* ''Le favole della dittatura'' (1950)

* ''La Sicilia, il suo cuore'' (1952)

* ''Il fiore della poesia romanesca. Belli, Pascarella, Trilussa, Dell'Arco'' (1952)

* ''Pirandello e il Pirandellismo'' (1953)

* ''Le Parrocchie di Regalpetra'' (1st ed. 1956, 2nd augmented ed. 1963) (''Salt in the Wound'', trans. Judith Green (1969))

* ''Gli zii di Sicilia'' (1st ed. 1958, 2nd augmented ed. 1961) (''Sicilian Uncles'', trans. N.S. Thompson (1986)) – short stories

* ''Il Giorno della Civetta'' (1961) (''Mafia Vendetta'', trans. Archibald Colquhoun and Arthur Oliver (1963); republished as ''[[The Day of the Owl]]'' (1984))

* ''Pirandello e la Sicilia'' (1961)

* ''Il consiglio d’Egitto'' (1963) (''The Council of Egypt'', trans. Adrienne Foulke (1966))

* ''Santo Marino'' (1963)

* ''Morte dell'inquisitore'' (1964) (''Death of the Inquisitor'', trans. Judith Green (1969); ''Death of an Inquisitor and other stories'', trans. Ian Thomson (1990) (published with translations of ''Cronachette'' (1985) and ''Le strega e il capitano'' (1986))

* ''L'onorevole'' (1965)

* ''Jaki'' (1965)

* ''A ciascuno il suo'' (1966) (''A Man's Blessing'', trans. Adrienne Foulke (1968); republished as ''[[To Each His Own (novel)|To Each His Own]]'' (1992))

* ''Racconti siciliani'' (1966)

* ''Recitazione della controversia liparitana dedicata ad A.D.'' (1969)

* ''La corda pazza'' (1970)

* ''Atti relativi alla morte di Raymond Roussel'' (1971)

* ''Il contesto. Una parodia'' (1971) (''[[Equal Danger]]'', trans. Adrienne Foulke (1973))

* ''Il Mare Colore del Vino'' (1973) (''The Wine-Dark Sea'', trans. Avril Bardoni (1985)) – collected short stories

* ''Todo Modo'' (1974) (''One Way or Another'', trans. Adrienne Foulke (1977); Sacha Rabinovich (1987))

* ''La Scomparsa di Majorana'' (1975) (''The Mystery of Majorana'', trans. Sacha Rabinovich (1987))<ref>The book focuses on the mysterious disappearance of Italian physicist [[Ettore Majorana]]. Sciascia summarizes the results of the investigations, examines the facts and the documents concerning Majorana, and suggests a theory about the scientist's fate, rejecting the "suicide" hypothesis.</ref>

* ''I pugnalatori'' (1976)

* ''Candido, ovvero, un sogno fatto in Sicilia'' (1977) (''Candido, or A Dream Dreamed in Sicily'', trans. Adrienne Foulke (1979))

* ''L'affaire Moro'' (1st ed. 1978, 2nd augmented ed. 1983) (''The Moro Affair'', trans. Sacha Rabinovich (1987))

* ''Dalle parti degli infedeli'' (1979)

* ''Nero su nero'' (1979)

* ''Il teatro della memoria'' (1981)

* ''La sentenza memorabile'' (1982)

* ''Cruciverba'' (1983)

* ''Stendhal e la Sicilia'' (1984)

* ''Occhio di capra'' (1st ed. 1984, 2nd augmented ed. 1990)

* ''Cronachette'' (1985) (''Little Chronicles'' trans. Ian Thomson (1990) (published with translations of ''Morte dell'inquisitore'' (1964) and ''Le strega e il capitano'' (1986))

* ''Per un ritratto dello scrittore da giovane'' (1985)

* ''La strega e il capitano'' (1987) (''The Captain and the Witch'', trans. Ian Thomson (1990) (published with translations of ''Morte dell'inquisitore'' (1964) and ''Cronachette'' (1985)

* ''1912+1'' (1986) (''1912 + 1'', trans. Sacha Rabinovitch (1989))

* ''Porte Aperte'' (1987) (''Open Doors'', trans. Marie Evans (1991))

* ''Il Cavaliere e la Morte'' (1988) (''[[The Knight and Death]]'', trans. Joseph Farrell (1991))

* ''Alfabeto pirandelliano'' (1989)

* ''Fatti diversi di storia letteraria e civile'' (1989)

* ''Una storia semplice'' (1989) (''A Straightforward Tale'', trans. Joseph Farrell (1991); ''[[Una storia semplice (novel)|A Simple Story]]'', trans. Howard Curtis (2010))

* ''A futura memoria (se la memoria ha un futuro)'' (1989)

== Bibliography ==

In a Sicilian town, pharmacist Manno receives a letter with an anonymous death threat. At first it is believed to be a prank, but then Manno is murdered as he is hunting with a friend, doctor Roscio, who is killed too.

=== In Italian on Sciascia's works ===

* ''Leonardo Sciascia'', a cura di Sebastiano Gesù, Giuseppe Maimone Editore, Catania 1992

* ''Narratori siciliani del secondo dopoguerra'', a cura di Sarah Zappulla Muscarà, Giuseppe Maimone Editore, Catania, 1990

* ''Cadaveri eccellenti'', a cura di Sebastiano Gesù, Giuseppe Maimone Editore, Catania, 1992

* V. Fascia, F. Izzo, A. Maori, ''La memoria di carta: Bibliografia delle opere di Leonardo Sciascia'', Edizioni Otto/Novecento, Milano, 1998

* V. Vecellio (a cura di), ''L'uomo solo: L'affaire Moro di Leonardo Sciascia'', Edizioni La Vita Felice, Milano, 2002

* V. Vecellio, ''Saremo perduti senza la verità'', Edizioni La Vita Felice, Milano, 2003

* G. Jackson, ''Nel labirinto di Sciascia'', Edizioni La Vita Felice, Milano, 2004

* L. Palazzolo ''Leonardo Sciascia deputato radicale 1979–1983'', Kaos edizioni, 2004

* L. Pogliaghi (a cura di), ''Giustizia come ossessione: forme della giustizia nella pagina di Leonardo Sciascia'', Edizioni La Vita Felice, Milano, 2005

* M. D'Alessandra e S. Salis (a cura di), ''Nero su giallo: Leonardo Sciascia eretico del genere poliziesco'', Edizioni La Vita Felice, Milano, 2006

* P. Milone, ''L'enciclopedia di Leonardo Sciascia: caos, ordine e caso : atti del 1○ ciclo di incontri (Roma, gennaio-aprile 2006),'' Quaderni Leonardo Sciascia, 11. Milano: La Vita Felice, 2007

* R. Martinoni, ''Troppo poco pazzi: Leonardo Sciascia nella libera e laica Svizzera'' (Collana Sciascia scrittore europeo, I, in collaboration with Amici di Leonardo Sciascia) Leo S. Olschki editore, Firenze: Leo S. Olschki editore, 2011

* I. Thomson, ''Una conversazione a Palermo con Leonardo Sciascia'', Rubbetino Editore, 2022

=== In English on Sciascia's works ===

Professor Laurana, an old friend of Roscio, decides to investigate, starting from a phrase in Latin he had noticed on the back of the letter: Unicuique Suum (which means "to each his own"). Helped by the informations obtained from Roscio's father, from an eccentric priest and from a solitary old man, Laurana puts the pieces of the puzzle together and understands that the death threat to Manno was just a trick to deceive the police: Roscio was the real target, and the Mafia is involved in the murders, which were ordered by corrupt lawyer Rosello.

* {{cite journal|first=Cathe|last=Giffuni|title=A Bibliography of the Mystery Writings of Leonardo Sciascia|journal=Clues: A Journal of Detection|volume=10|issue=1|pages=75–87|date=Spring–Summer 1989}}

* L. Sciascia, M. Padovani, ''Sicily as Metaphor,'' Marlboro: Marlboro Press, 1994

* J. Farrell, ''Leonardo Sciascia,'' Writers of Italy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1995

* G. Ania, ''Fortunes of the Firefly: Sciascia's Art of Detection,'' Market Harborough: University Texts, 1996

* R. Glynn, ''Contesting the Monument: The Anti-Illusionist Italian Historical Novel,'' Italian perspectives, 10. Leeds, England: Northern Universities Press, 2005

* J. Cannon. ''The Novel As Investigation: Leonardo Sciascia, Dacia Maraini, and Antonio Tabucchi,'' Toronto Italian studies. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006

== References ==

Roscio's widow, Luisa, seems willing to help Laurana, but ultimately it is revealed that she too is involved: she is Rosello's lover, and her husband was killed because he had threatened to denounce Rosello's criminal activities. Laurana, betrayed by Luisa, is kidnapped and murdered.

{{reflist|22em}}

== External links ==

The epilogue is bleak and bitterly ironic, as is often the case with Sciascia's novels: in a conversation between three friends of Laurana (Luigi Corvaia, Pecorilla and Zerillo) it is revealed that they too (and, it is implied, also many others in the town) knew or suspected the truth about the murders, but, unlike Laurana, they had chosen to ignore it, following the "code" of [[Omertà]]. The dialogue (and the book) famously ends with a lapidary comment made by Luigi about Laurana's brave attempt to discover the truth: "Era un cretino" (He was a fool).

{{Wikiquote}}

* {{in lang|it}} [http://www.amicisciascia.it Associazione Amici di Leonardo Sciascia] (Friends of Leonardo Sciascia Society)

* {{in lang|it}} [http://www.fondazioneleonardosciascia.it/ Fondazione Leonardo Sciascia] (Leonardo Sciascia Foundation)

{{Navboxes

|title=Awards received by Leonardo Sciascia

|list1=

{{Mondello Prize}}

{{Bagutta Prize}}

}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sciascia, Leonardo}}

*''The Knight and Death'', Il cavaliere e la morte (1988)

[[Category:Leonardo Sciascia| ]]

*''One Way Or Another''

[[Category:1921 births]]

[[Category:1989 deaths]]

===True Crime===

[[Category:20th-century Italian novelists]]

*''The Moro Affair'', L'affaire Moro (1978)

[[Category:20th-century Italian male writers]]

[[Category:Antimafia]]

===Short stories===

[[Category:Deputies of Legislature VIII of Italy]]

*''The Wine-Dark Sea'', Il mare color del vino, Einaudi, Torino, (1973)

[[Category:Historians of the Sicilian Mafia]]

*''Sicilian Uncles''

[[Category:Italian deists]]

[[Category:Italian communists]]

===Critical Essays in Italian on Sciascia works===

[[Category:Organized crime novelists]]

[[Category:People from Racalmuto]]

*V. Fascia, F. Izzo, A. Maori, ''La memoria di carta: Bibliografia delle opere di Leonardo Sciascia'', Edizioni Otto/Novecento, Milano, 1998

[[Category:Radical Party (Italy) politicians]]

*V. Vecellio (a cura di), ''L'uomo solo: L'Affaire Moro di Leonardo Sciascia'', Edizioni La Vita Felice, Milano, 2002

[[Category:Writers from the Province of Agrigento]]

*V. Vecellio, ''Saremo perduti senza la verità'', Edizioni La Vita Felice, Milano, 2003

[[Category:Politicians from the Province of Agrigento]]

*G. Jackson, ''Nel labirinto di Sciascia'', Edizioni La Vita Felice, Milano, 2004

[[Category:Deaths from multiple myeloma]]

*L. Palazzolo ''Leonardo Sciascia deputato radicale 1979-1983'', Kaos edizioni, 2004

*L. Pogliaghi (a cura di), ''Giustizia come ossessione: forme della giustizia nella pagina di Leonardo Sciascia'', Edizioni La Vita Felice, Milano, 2005

*M. D'Alessandra e S.Salis (a cura di), ''Nero su giallo: Leonardo Sciascia eretico del genere poliziesco'', Edizioni La Vita Felice, Milano, 2006.

===External links===

* [http://www.amicisciascia.it] Friends of Leonardo Sciascia Society

[[Category:1921 births|Sciascia, Leonardo]]

[[Category:1989 deaths|Sciascia, Leonardo]]

[[Category:Natives of Agrigento|Sciascia, Leonardo]]

[[Category:Italian writers|Sciascia, Leonardo]]

[[Category:Organized crime writers|Sciascia, Leonardo]]

[[Category:Sicilian writers|Sciascia, Leonardo]]

[[Category:History of the Italian mafia|Sciascia, Leonardo]]

[[Category:Antimafia|Sciascia, Leonardo]]

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