Logic and rationality: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Fundamental concepts in philosophy}}

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{{lead too short|date=May 2016}}

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As the study of argument is of clear importance to the reasons that we hold things to be true, [[logic]] is of essential importance to [[rationality]]. [[Argument]]s may be logical if they are "conducted or assessed according to strict principles of [[Validity (logic)|validity]]",<ref>[[Oxford Dictionary of English]], sense 1 of logic.</ref> while they are rational according to the broader requirement that they are based on [[reason]] and [[knowledge]].

Logic and rationality have each been taken as fundamental concepts in [[philosophy]]. They are not one of the same thing. Philosophical [[rationalism]] in its most extreme form is the doctrine that knowledge can ultimately be founded on pure reason, while [[logicism]] is the doctrine that mathematical concepts, among others, are reducible to pure logic.

==Forms of reasoning==

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[[wikt:illogicality|Illogicality]] in terms of thinking processes are, as defined by researchers such as [[Aaron T. Beck]], cognitive distortions that cause abnormal functioning. The state of [[Depression (mood)|depression]] often feeds off of [[wikt:illogical|illogical]] thinking and results in victims being mired in self-defeating conclusions. Patients seeking psychological help may suffer from problems of [[Hasty generalization|over-generalization]], becoming mired in general, negative conclusions on the basis of essentially insignificant life events. [[Cognitive behavioral therapy]] can assist individuals in recognizing their own habits of faulty logic and slanted interpretations of past experiences.<ref>{{cite book|title=Abnormal Psychology|pages=67–68|first=Ronald J.|last=Comer|publisher=Macmillan|date=2010|isbn=9781429216319}}</ref>

On the other hand, depression in the sense of "Weltschmerz" in its non-aesthetically realistic and non-positivistic nature is intrinsically logical and rational. Some philosophers assert that the question of value of life has not been answered in psychologically pleasing way without embracing [[circular reasoning]] fallacy.<ref>{{cite book|title=Weltschmerz: Pessimism in German Philosophy, 1860-1900|pages=87–100|first=Frederick C.|last=Beiser|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2016|isbn=9780198768715}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Pessimism: Philosophy, Ethic, Spirit|pages=33–34|first=Joshua F.|last= Dienstag|publisher=Princeton University Press|date=2009|isbn=9780691141121}}</ref>

In the socio-political context, the ability to amalgamate disparate, conflicting interests and passions into an illogical synthesis has been labeled as a possible strength, albeit one with concurrent weaknesses, by literary publications such as ''[[Blackwood's Magazine]]'':

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==Bibliography==

*Robert Hanna, 2009. ''Rationality and Logic''. MIT Press.

[[Category:Logic]]

[[Category:Reasoning]]

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