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{{Short description|Sufi scholar and saint (1552–1654)}}

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'''Haji Muhammad Naushāh Ganj Bakhsh''' (21 August 1552 – 18 May 1654) was a [[Punjabi Muslim]] [[Sufi]] saint and scholar from [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]] in [[Pakistani Punjab]].{{sfn|Hadi|1995|p=405}} He was the founder of the [[Qadiriyya#Qadri Noshahi|Naushahiah]] branch of the [[Qadiriyya]] [[Sufi order]], and his successors came to be known as ''Naushāhiyyas''.{{sfn|Hanif|2000|p=167}}

{{npov}}

{{Infobox religious biography

{{original research}}

| name = Naushāh Ganj Bakhsh

[[Image:Shrine_Naushah_Pak01.jpg|thumb|The holy shrine of Syed Naushah Ganj Bakhsh at Ranmal Sharif,Tehsil Phalia (old district Gujrat) new district Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan]]

| native_name =

| native_name_lang =

| image = Shrine Naushah Pak.jpg

| image_size =

| caption = The shrine of Naushah Ganj Bakhsh at Ranmal, Pakistan

| title =

| birth_date = {{circa|1552}}

| birth_place = [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Punjab]], [[Mughal Empire]] <br>{{small|(present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan]])}}

| death_date = {{circa|1654}} (aged 84 or 85)

| death_place = [[Mandi Bahauddin]], Punjab, Mughal Empire <br>{{small|(present-day Punjab, Pakistan)}}

| philosophy = [[Sufism]]

| lineage =

| resting_place = Ranmal, Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan

| main_interests = {{Hlist|[[Tassawuf]]|[[Love of God#Islam|Divine love]]}}

| father =

| mother =

| teachers =

| attributes =

| patronage =

| issues =

| influences = [[Shah Sulaimān Nūri]]

| major_works =

| religion = [[Islam]]

| footnotes =

| denomination =

| birth_name =

| Sufi_order = [[Qadri]]

| influenced = [[Sufism in Punjab#Qadri Noshahi|Naushāhiyyas]]

}}

{{Sufism}}

{{Punjabis}}

== Biography ==

Muhammad Naushah was born on 21 August 1552 in present-day Punjab, Pakistan to a Punjabi [[Khokhar]] family.{{sfn|Hanif|2000|p=167}} His father, Hajji Ala’uddin Qadiri, was an ascetic, while his mother Bibi Jiuni belonged to a respectable family.{{sfn|Bilgrami|1994|p=227}}

Naushāh was the most outstanding disciple of Sufi saint [[Shah Sulaimān Nūri]] of [[Naushera, Punjab]].{{sfn|Hanif|2000|p=167}} He later shifted to Shahanpal in [[Mandi Bahauddin]] where he died in 1654.

'''Muhammad Qadiri''', a scholar, saint and preacher of Islam in the [[Indo-Pak Subcontinent]], was the founder of the Naushahia Order Imam Syed Naushah Ganj Bakhsh. He preached Islam in the ninth and tenth [[Hijri]] and brought non-Muslims into the fold of Islam. He loved the Prophet Muhammad and modelled his own life and teachings of the [[Qur’an]] and [[Sunnah]]. His adherents call themselves Qādiri Naushāhī or just Naushāhī.

==Teachings==

== His birth and names ==

Naushāh was respected by his contemporaries including nobles and rulers.{{sfn|Bilgrami|1994|p=227}} He accepted the syncretic approach of [[Kabir]] and [[Guru Nanak]] but with more emphasis on ''[[tawhid]]'' or oneness of God. Like Kabir, he rejected caste and criticised the idea of [[reincarnation|transmigration of souls]].{{sfn|Bales|2020|p=116}} Naushāh enrolled his followers from different castes and occupations. They were [[Bhattis]], [[Mochi (Muslim)|Mochis]], [[Lohar (caste)|Lohar]]s, [[Tarkhan (Punjab)|Tarkhans]], [[Awan (tribe)|Awans]], [[Jats]] and others.{{sfn|Bilgrami|1994|p=232}} He condemned the caste system in his following ''dohras'' (a rhyming couplet in the Punjabi poetry):

Syed Naushah was born on the first day of Ramadan in 959 A.H. ([[21 August]] [[1552]]) at Ghogganwali, district Gujrat in Punjab, Pakistan. The name of his father was Alā’uddīn, who was respected for being a great Sufi of his own times. Despite all difficulties of undertaking a long journey in his days he had completed his pilgrimage to Mecca Mukarramah and Madinah Munawwarah seven times on foot, which shows how devoted to Islam he was.

{{Blockquote|"[[Saiyid]] and [[Jat]], both are human beings. Both are the sons of [[Adam]] and [[Eve]].}}

At his birth he was named (Haji) Muhammad. This name was kept in accordance with some divine and supernatural messages. In the first instance he became famous by the name of Haji Muhammad. Later on he also became famous by the names of Haji Naushah, Abul Hashim, Bhoora Wala Pir (the enshrouded one), Mujaddid-i Islam (the great revival of the Islam), Naushah Ganj Bakhsh, Syed Naushah Pir and Naushah Pak. The name Naushāh is also spelled and pronounced as Noshāh.

His actual name is fully Sayyid (Syed) Hāji Muhammad Naushāh Ganj Bakhsh Qādirī ( [[Persian]] and [[Urdu]]: سيد حاجى محمد نوشاه گنج بخش قادري)

== His ancestors ==

It has been recorded that the first of the ancestors of Syed Naushah Ganj Bakhsh, who came to the Indo-Pakistani subcontinent, was Syed Awn ibn Ya‘lā, well known by the name of Qutb Shah Qadiri. This happened by order of Syed [[Abdul Qadir Jilani]] in the fifth century A.H. (about the eleventh century according to western era). Moreover, he was an uncle of Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani and one of his spiritual successors born in 1028 in Baghdad. He is also the first person who introduced the Qadiria Order in India. Qutb Shah Qadiri was an appointed Qutb (spiritual pole) by Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani for this Indian subcontinent. Due to his great efforts many of the Hindu tribes converted to the Islam. Among them are the tribes of Rajput, Chohan and Khokar. Most of them attained a blessed life in the religion. Qutb Shah Qadiri returned after his mission, that he did for many years, to Baghdad where he died in 1157. In this city you can also find his holy grave.

The son and the spiritual successor of Qutb Shah Qadiri was Syed Zamān Ali Muhsin. He spread the Islam in the southwest regions of the Indo-Pakistani subcontinent, Kohistan-i Namak and the surroundings of Saunsakesar. Many people converted due to him to the Islam and joined in his circle of Murīds (spiritual disciples). His work for the religion even impressed the local ruler “Rani Bharat”, who later accepted the Islam as the true religion. The holy grave of Syed Zamān Ali Shah is located in Kirana, district Sargodha in Pakistan.

Syed Mahmūd Shah, better known as Pir Jālib, is one of the descendants of Syed Zamān Ali Shah. He was an outstanding saint who possessed super natural gifts, called Tasarrufāt. He was also called Pir Jālib, because of his numerous benefactions and his spiritual attraction. Like his forefathers he was a spiritual perfected person. His holy burial place is in Ramdiana, district Sargodha. Syed Shamsuddīn Shahīd was a great saint from the descendents of Pir Jālib. He always took with him his favourite weapon, a javelin. Hence he was called Sangīn Shah Shahīd. He became a martyr when he died during a battle in the way of Allah. Sangīn Shah had two sons: Syed Alā’uddīn Husain and Syed Rahīmuddīn. The holy graves of both the brothers are situated in Ghogganwali, near Qadirabad in the district Gujrat, Pakistan.

Syed Alā’uddīn is reckoned among the great spiritual masters of the mystical path. He observed very accurately the Shaīr‘ah, the Islamic laws. He had the Kunyah (a nickname indicating a parental relationship) Abu Isma‘īl with the extra appellation Pir Ghāzi. Among his contemporaries, just as his younger brother, he was an exceptional saint, from whom supernatural powers have been revealed till today. Syed Alā’uddīn, whose holy grave is in Ghogganwali, is also the father of Syed Naushah Ganj Bakhsh.

== Genealogy / Shajara-i Nasab ==

He was a true Syed (descendent of the family of the Prophet, peace be upon him) by his dynasty. Through a clearly established family tree of thirty-two generations he was related to Ali Al-Murtaza. His family was well known for nobility, virtue, purity, supernatural gifts and good deeds in the service of Islam.

Syed Hajji Muhammad Naushah Ganj Bakhsh, is the son of<br />

1- Syed Abu Ismā‘īl Alā’uddīn Husain, the son of <br />

2- Syed Abul Alā Shamsuddin Shahīd, the son of <br />

3- Syed Abu Sulaiman Jalāluddin Muhammad, the son of <br />

4- Syed Abdullah Zākir-i Hū, the son of <br />

5- Syed Sāhibuddin Shah Muhammad, the son of <br />

6- Syed Ghulām Muhammad, the son of <br />

7- Syed Mu‘izzuddīn, the son of <br />

8- Syed Abdussamad Arif, the son of <br />

9- Syed Atā’ullah, the son of <br />

10- Syed Abdul Awwal Zāhid, the son of <br />

11- Syed Mahmūd Shah, alias Pir Jālib, the son of <br />

12- Syed Kamāluddin Ahmad Zākir, the son of <br />

13- Syed Abdul Mansūr Jalāluddin Sultan, the son of <br />

14- Syed Muhammad Munawwar Bakhtmand, the son of <br />

15- Syed Sa‘īduddīn Sikandar Shah Anwar, the son of <br />

16- Syed Burhānuddīn Hubaira, the son of <br />

17- Syed Jalāluddin Gohar Ali, the son of <br />

18- Syed A’izzuddīn Izzat, the son of <br />

19- Syed Jamāluddin Ishaq, the son of <br />

20- Syed Abdul Haqq Sajan, the son of <br />

21- Syed Ali Shah Muhsin, the son of <br />

22- Syed Abdul Alī Auwn, the son of <br />

23- Syed Ya‘la Qāsim, the son of <br />

24- Syed Hamza Thāni, the son of <br />

25- Syed Tayyār, the son of <br />

26- Syed Qāsim, the son of <br />

27- Syed Alī, the son of <br />

28- Syed Ja‘far, the son of <br />

29- Syed Abul Qāsim Hamzat-ul-Akbar, the son of <br />

30- Syed Abul Abbas Hasan, the son of <br />

31- Syed Ubaydullāh Madanī, the son of <br />

32- Syed Abul Fadl ‘Abbās Alamdār, the son of<br />

33- Syed Abul Hasan [[Alī]] ibn Abī Tālib, a cousin and son-in-law of the beloved Prophet Muhammad (The blessings and peace of Allah be upon them).

== His knowledge ==

Syed Naushah Ganj Bakhsh was a saint of Allah by birth. He was highly gifted with the qualities of intelligence and memory. The books of religious history of his times tell us that he memorised the holy Qur’an within a short period of three months only. Among his teachers in this world were Qari Qaimuddin and Shaikh Abdul Haqq.

He was widely respected and honoured for his knowledge of Tasawwuf (Islamic mysticism), because his inner experience helped him to demonstrate his superiority in his field. Actually the knowledge infinitive mysticism came to him from Allah directly (Ilm-i Ladunnī). Mirza Ahmed Beg Lahori records that one night two angels came and placed their fingers into the mouth of Syed Naushah. All of a sudden he became a learned and knowledgeable man in the field of Islamic mysticism. The next morning he told his teacher about this extraordinary spiritual experience. The teacher remarked: “There is no need for you to get further knowledge from me. Perhaps on the Day of Judgement I shall be rewarded with salvation of my soul for having given a few lessons to you before this glorious spiritual experience.”

Syed Naushah Pir was an expert in the religious field, like [[Fiqh]] (Islamic law), [[Hadith]] (the report of the practise and sayings of the Prophet), [[Tafsir]] (exegeses of the Qur’an), logics, philosophy and [[Kalam]] (theology concerning the tenets of belief). His comprehensive knowledge of the religion is evident from his sayings.

Beside the important languages such as Arabic and Persian he knew Kashmiri, Sanskrit and many another regional languages as well. After having Islamic knowledge, he specialized himself in spiritual exercises.

== Spiritual Genealogy / Shajara-i Tarīqat ==

At the age of twenty-nine years Syed Naushah accepted Shah Sulaimān Nūri as his spiritual guide. His guide welcomed him because he knew before that Naushah Pir was a chosen saint of Allah, the most exalted.

The spiritual succession of the Silsila (spiritual Order or chain of saints) of Syed Naushah Pir goes from one saint to another saint back to Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani. This spiritual lineage ends via Ali Al-Murtaza at the final and beloved Prophet Muhammad, the blessings and peace of Allah be upon them.

Syed Haji Muhammad Naushah Ganj Bakhsh disciple of<br />

(1) Sakhi Shah Sulaiman Nūri,<br />

(2) Sakhi Shah Muhammad Ma‘rūf Khushābī,<br />

(3) Syed Mubārak Haqqāni,<br />

(4) Shah Ghauth Muhammad Bandagī,<br />

(5) Syed Shamsuddīn Gilani,<br />

(6) Syed Shah Mīr Gilani,<br />

(7) Syed Abul Hasan Ali Gilani,<br />

(8) Syed Mas‘ūduddin Halbi,<br />

(9) Syed Abul Abbas Ahmad,<br />

(10) Syed Safiyiuddin Sufi,<br />

(11) Syed Saifuddin Abdul Wahhāb,<br />

(12) Syed [[Abdul Qadir Jilani]],<br />

(13) Khawaja Abu Sa‘īd Mukharrami,<br />

(14) Khawaja Abul Hasan Al-Hakkāri,<br />

(15) Khawaja Abul Farah Yusuf Tartūsi,<br />

(16) Khawaja Abul Fadl Tamīmī,<br />

(17) Khawaja Abu Bakr Shiblī,<br />

(18) Khawaja Abul Qasim [[Junaid Baghdadi]],<br />

(19) Khawaja Shah Sari Saqati,<br />

(20) Khawaja Ma‘rūf Karkhī,<br />

(21) Khawaja Dāwūd Tā’ī,<br />

(22) Khawaja Habīb Ajamī,<br />

(23) Khawaja [[Hasan Basri]],<br />

(24) [[Ali]] Al-Murtaza ibn Abi Tālib,<br />

(25) Syeduna Muhammad Al-Mustafa (peace and blessings of Allah be upon them)<br />

He was a dedicated Muslim and a great scholar. In obedience of the instructions of his spiritual guide he left Ghogganwali to other places for serving the Islamic cause even more effectively. Knowledge was his passion and he kindled the same passion in the hearts of the others. This aspect of his thinking is clearly illustrated by his instructions to his son, when he set out to go to another town for acquiring knowledge. He told him that he should first give priority to his education and if he heard about his father’s death before completing his education he should not come back but pray for his salvation and continue to pursue his course of education. No wonder, his son became a great scholar in his own right after completing his educational career.

== Reason for deserving the honorary title “Naushāh” ==

Syed Naushah Pir received the titles “Ganj Bakhsh” and “Naushah” in the presence of Allah. Both names are Persian words. Ganj Bakhsh means literally bestower of hidden treasures, one who is very generous to show benefits to others, both in material and spiritual respect. The word Naushah points to a young king or a bridegroom. These honorary titles are related with his unique spiritual status: the Maqām-i Naushāhat.”

One day Syed Naushah Pir was overpowered by the divine love. He descended in a dried up well, far from the living world, completely submerged in the meditation of Allah. Forty days had already passed in this state, till a shepherd cast a glance at him. He took him out of the well. When he saw that his body showed some signs of life, he quickly put goat’s milk in his mouth. Later on when he recovered to his worldly consciousness, he expressed his displeasure. Suddenly he heard a voice from the unseen that told him the happy news.

In another version this account continues: Just after he regretted the interference of the shepherd, he received Ilhām (divine inspiration). He was told that he had attained a very high status in the presence of Allah. He got the command to sit under a dried out and withered tree. As soon as he sat there, it turned green and fully loaded by blossoms and fruit by the infinitely mercy of Allah. From each leave sounded “Naushah”, “Naushah” and when he faced towards the village, he heard all the jinn, the human beings, the animals and the angels calling “Naushah”, “Naushah”. All birds, all animals, trees and stones begun to say this name. Finally everything in the whole area began to call him “Naushah”, “Naushah”, after which he openly experienced the divine presence!

== Marriage and children ==

Syed Naushah Pir was married to the noble and chaste daughter of Syed Abu Nasr Fateh Muhammad Shah of the place called Qutb Naushehra. His virtuous and affectionate mother, Main Jīwnī, arranged this marriage. He had two sons and one daughter. Their names were Syed Barkhurdar Shah, Syed Muhammad Hashim Shah and Syeda Sairah.

As mentioned before Ghogganwali was the birthplace of Syed Naushah Pir and at the same time his residence. By order of his Shaikh he settled down at Naushehra Tarran. Here he had the duty to show the people the right way. This place was used to be an unknown village, but due to the blessings of his presence, it became a sanctuary of seekers of Truth. Later on this village became known by the names Qutb Naushehra and Hazrat Naushehra. Syed Naushah Pir spent most of his life here. This place is located near Ranmal Sharif in the district Gujrat. Now it is under water due to the building of dams on this area.

== Character and habits ==

Syed Naushah Pir is well known for being exceedingly generous and gentle. Helping people, treating them hospitable and taking care of poor ones, orphans and widows, were some of his natural qualities. Providing food to travellers was also one of his distinctive habits. His blessed personality was in short an example of the best qualities. He usually took travellers and those in need who halted in the mosque under his personal care. Afterwards he provided them with shelter and their sustenance. Not only did he give advice, but he also took care of these persons in need.

He treated the poor with extreme compassion and greeted them first with the greeting of peace (Salām). He kept aloof from rich persons and those of the government. When he walked in the street, he usually looked straight forward, without turning right or left with his face. He put his steps very gently and was continuously immersed in the recollection of Allah.

Hospitality was one of the most outstanding qualities of Syed Naushah Pir’s character. Mirza Ahmed Beg Lahori states that he looked after his guests personally and arranged for their food himself. Allama Jamālullah says that once he and some of his pupils stayed in Syed Naushah’s mosque. They were highly impressed when he sent food for them from his own house. It is on record that he directed his sons to look after the guests with special care, when he entrusted the work of preaching the Islam to them.

Bravery was another significant quality of his character. He took part in many battles. It is also recorded that once a renowned wrestler, who was also the court wrestler at that time, named Sher Ali Khan challenged Syed Naushah Pir for a trial of strength. Syed Naushah Pir pressed the hand of this proud wrestler so powerfully that blood came out of the wrestler’s fingers. He was ashamed of his previous boastful behaviour. The wrestler fell down at his feet and begged to be forgiven.

Popularity was another feature of his personality. As a matter of fact, he combined the qualities of scholarship, piety, fear of Allah, inner enlightenment and bravery in his character. This made him extremely lovable and popular. Anyone who met him instantly became his admirer.

He usually spent his time in the mosque in teaching the holy Qur’an, leading the prayers five times a day and leading additional Nafl prayers by the riverside in the night. Anybody who watched him closely admired him. Amongst his admirers and followers are poets and scholars as well as mystics. Not only was there a wide range of people from the surrounding areas but people also came from places as far away as Kashmir, Kabul and Qandahar.

== Practicing the Sunnah ==

In the daily life of Syed Naushah Pir the perfect example of the last and beloved Prophet, peace be upon him, was indispensable and undeniable. He put the [[Sunnah]] in practice as exact as possible. His routine, way of meditation, forms of etiquette were completely in agreement with this. His famous sayings about his practice are: My way of life is the Sharī‘ah of the Prophet, peace be upon him. My way of the Tarīqah is the Sharī‘ah of the Prophet, peace be upon him. The way of life of the Prophet implies also my way of life. To walk through the Sharī‘ah, as like walking on an illuminated way!

No spiritual exercise was allowed by him, which exceeded the Islamic boundaries of laws. Everything had to be exactly in accordance with the Sunnah of the Prophet, peace be upon him. This concerned his character as well all his habits, even his way of clothing. Those who were his disciples were saved from committing big and small sins. In addition to performing the daily subscribed prayers, they became enthusiastic to do voluntary prayers as well, such as the Tahjjud-prayer in the deepest of the night. Their spiritual conditions transformed entirely only by the impression of his benevolent glance. Finally, all their behaviour was determined by this, that could serve later as an example for others.

By day Syed Naushah Pir always put in view of the Sunnah a big woollen sheet. This piece of cloth is named Bhoora in the Punjabi language. Hence he was also called Bhoorawala Pir. The imitation of wearing such a woollen sheet was seen everywhere. Still today disciples linked with this Order put on such a Bhoora.

It was one of his habits, that when a Murīd spoke about his own good deeds, it did not please Syed Naushah Pir. When he said that it was about another friend, then he appreciated it. This was all about in following the Sunnah: the rendering of the friend is the friend. In this way one could see in all respect of his life how the Sunnah was put into practice by him.

== His teachings ==

All the teachings and rules of behaviour of Syed Naushah Pir were based on the Qur’an and the Hadīth, the statements of the Qādiria Order. He strongly rejected all sorts of innovation, that contradicted these teachings. According to him, someone who has adopted to follow the spiritual path, first of all has to have a sound knowledge of the religion. He should recite the Qur’an accurately, repeat the Kalima (declaration of faith), observe himself and perform the voluntary prayers, like the Awwābīn-prayer (an extra voluntary prayer after the evening-prayer, i.e. Maghrib). He performed the daily prescribed prayers in the mosque himself and recommended this also to his Murīds (disciples). All spiritual exercises that didn’t agree with the Sharī‘ah were not allowed by him. He always kept in view of the fact that all his actions and habits should be according to the perfect example of the beloved Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him.

Syed Naushah Pir made very clear, that he is not a Sufi (mystic) until he has purified himself totally. This purification is achieved by eliminating the sensual desires. This is eliminated in his turn, when the nafs (the ego that inclines to the evil) has been conquered by him. He conquers this by taking distance from pleasures in this worldly life and to consider this as transitory. He has to perform all his actions in contradiction to his nafs in order to attain this.

Usually Syed Naushah Pir gave instructions to his Murīd to commemorate the death all the time and to be aware of it. “One has to live without any allegation or false attitude (= a clear mind)”, he said. He encouraged his friend to be in the company of saints and stated that one can only then become a good human being.

With great emphasis he pointed out the fact that action has to be done with sincere intention. He said that by sincerity, piety or Allah fearing, the body and by eating Halāl the tongue is cleaned. (Halāl something allowed by the religious law) One has according to him, not to expound the deficiencies and small faults of others, but he should rely on Allah’s trust and be satisfied with His will. He paid much attention to take care of the parents and those poor and in need. He said that the most claims belong to them and that taking care of them, it can be a significant cause attaining the divine grace. He incited also to eat little and to keep oneself awake in the night for the voluntary prayers and recollections. “By waking up the hart is illuminated”, he said.

All his teachings had their origin in the primary sources of the Islam: The Qur‘an and the Hadīths, supported by the conclusions of the Mujtahidīn (those qualified to make religious decisions, according to one’s own capacity). He approved no more than the prescribed exercises that agreed with this.

== Conversion of non-Muslims to the Islam ==

Syed Naushah spent his whole life in spreading the light of Islam and hundreds of thousands of non-Muslims accepted Islam as a result of his efforts. Beside the large majority of Hindus, there were also followers of Christianity, Buddhism and Parsism. This fact is even mentioned by non-Muslims.<ref>The Preaching of Islam by Sir Thomas W. Arnold and Langue la literature Hindoustanies de 1850 à 1869 by M.J.H. [[Garcin de Tassy]].</ref> The English historian Sir Thomas Arnold and the French orientalist Garcin de Tassy have written this: There was in the Punjab a certain person, named Hajji Muhammad, about whom is said that two hundred thousand Hindus converted to the Islam due to him.

A well-known Hindu leader, whose number of disciples exceeded more than one thousand and who possessed a great skill in the black magic (Istidrāj), arrived one day accompanied by his followers at Syed Naushah Pir. He asked permission to show his skill. He changed himself in three appearances: as an old man, a young man and as a child. After his performance he said that it took him twelve years to achieve this spiritual level, after withdrawing three times in Chillah (seclusion). Syed Naushah Pir answered that he has in reality wasted his lifetime by this engagement! “To take three different appearances comprises not any spiritual perfection at all. Accept that one is merged into the divine love in such a way, that when he looks at somebody, his hart is filled with this intense love!” After saying this he pronounced the article of faith “Lā ilāha (there is no god)” glancing at the riverside of the Chenab, whereupon a wave of water splashed in his direction. From every drop that fell on the ground before him was heard: “illallāh (except Allah)!” Then Syed Naushah Pir looked at the Hindu leader in such a way, that he went into ecstasy and fell before the feet of Syed Naushah Pir, breaking his cord of Hinduism and accepting the Islam as true religion. All his disciples and admirers followed him in this and were converted to the Islam.

{{Blockquote|Naushah do not ask the descent of a [[faqir]], but enquire about the way that leads to Lord. This is the right mode of speech."{{sfn|Bilgrami|1994|p=232}}}}

== Literary works ==

The following works have been published:{{sfn|Hadi|1995|p=406}}

There are many works of Syed Naushāh Ganj Bakhsh. As time passes they are compiled and published from manuscripts. At present there are five books of poetry and prose:<br />

1 *''Kulliyāt-i Naushāh'': ([[Urdu]] poetry) consisting of 76 Risala´'s and 2400 verses;<br />.

2 *''Kulliyāt-i Naushāh'': ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] poetry) In this work 126 Risala´'s areof alphabetically arranged and totally consists ofabout four thousand verses;<br />are alphabetically arranged.

3 *''Ma‘ārif-i Tasawwuf'': ([[Persian language|Persian]] poetry) dealing with assignments on the spiritual path;<br />.

4 Mawā‘iz*''Mawā'iz-i Naushāh Pīr'': ([[Punjabi]] prose) comprises delivered speeches and advices;<br />.

5 Ganj-ul-Asrār (the treasure of mysteries), a short Risala in prose ascribed to him.

==See also==

Syed Naushah Pir had the well-known title “Ganj Bakhsh” and the poet’s pen name (Nome de plume) “Naushāh”. He wrote his poems in Punjabi as well as in the Persian language.

* [[Sufism in Punjab]]

==References==

According to Professor Ahmed Qureshi the following books are also written by Syed Naushah Pir: Diwan Urdu, Diwan Punjabi (two poems in respectively Urdu and Punjabi), Mathnawi-ye Ganj (The Mathnawi of Naushah Ganj Bakhsh) and Mawā‘iz-i Naushah Pir (speeches of Syed Naushah Pir). The last mentioned work is not in verse. An example from this is as follows:

{{reflist}}

===Sources===

* {{Cite journal |last=Bilgrami |first=Fatima Z. |date=1994 |title=Contributions of the "Qadiris" to the Folk Poetry of Punjab |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44143361 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=55 |pages=225–236 |jstor=44143361 |issn=2249-1937}}

* {{Cite book |last=Hadi |first=Nabi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qjJmzdJFOHwC&pg=PA405 |title=Dictionary of Indo-Persian Literature |date=1995 |publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts |isbn=978-81-7017-311-3 |pages= |language=en}}

* {{Cite book |last=Hanif |first=N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3GXOqPa67MC&pg=PA367 |title=Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: South Asia |date=2000 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-087-0 |pages= |language=en}}

* {{Cite book |last=Bales |first=John |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gdz0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA116 |title=Insights into Sufism: Voices from the Heart |date=2020 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-5748-2 |editor-last=Riddell |editor-first=Peter G. |pages= |language=en |chapter=Sufism in the Punjab, Pakistan |editor-last2=Nicholls |editor-first2=Ruth J.}}

{{Sufism}}

{{authority control}}

''“ Oh friend, withdraw yourself from the world!''<br />

''If you don’t, you have once to do that.<br />

''Don’t spoil your time of life;''<br />

''Leave the fame of the world behind you!''<br />

''Oh my true friend, follow your Murshid (guide)!''<br />

''Do this in sincere surrendering in the hart with belief.''<br />

''Commemorate the Kalima, in order you will no loose it;''<br />

''The sufferings of this world and the last moment (death),''<br />

''You can only prevail by this!”''

[[Category:People from Phalia Tehsil]]

== Death ==

[[Category:1552 births]]

On Monday, the fifteenth of the Islamic month Rabī ‘ul-Awwal 1064 A.H. Syed Naushah Pir said farewell to this transitory world. He died a natural death and has became one hundred and five years old. This date corresponds to Monday the eighteenth May 1654 according the western calendars. This period coincides with the reign of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.

[[Category:1654 deaths]]

[[Category:Indian people of Arab descent]]

It is also said that a man in search of him along with his servant wandered several decades for being his disciple. After he found him he heard the news of his passing away, which he regretted so much. Syed Naushah Pir had said before his passing away that his body should be put in a chamber. The two mentioned persons were let alone in here. In the presence of the body of Syed Naushah Pir, he wept so much that suddenly Syed Naushah Pir sat up and made them his disciple and lied down again. After this miraculous happening they went outside and felt enlightened; no one heard those two persons ever speak again.

[[Category:Mughal Empire Sufis]]

== His holy grave ==

The Holy grave of Syed Naushah Pir is situated in Ranmal Sharif, Tehsil Phalia, old district Gujrat, new district Mandi Bahauddinin Pakistan. His burial place is open for any one to be visited. The part of land on which his grave has been buried, belongs to the territory of Ranmal Sharif. The number of plot was formerly 220 and at the present 84/1. In the past his grave was in Qutb-i Naushehra, where he was buried first. Due to the flood in 1757 his body was transferred somewhere else in Qutb-i Naushehra. When his coffin came at surface, his body was entirely intact, even his shroud was unharmed. After being damaged again by the river Chenab his coffin was moved to the west of Ranmal Sharif. Then his tomb was built, which remained so till 1950. In the same year this was damaged severely by a torrential rain. Consequently the supports subsided and cracks appeared in the tomb. His death anniversary (‘Urs) is held at this place every year again. It starts from the last Thursday of May and usually lasts seven days!

== His spiritual successors ==

His elder son, Syed Barkhurdar, acquired knowledge, and rose to a place of distinction in the field of mysticism. Many people benefited from him. The younger son, Syed Muhammad Hashim completed his education and training under the supervision of the well-known scholar of Punjab, Allama Abdul Hakim Sialkoti. Having distinguished himself in the science of interpretation of the Qur’an, the Hadith and Islamic law, he took over the responsibility of the Naushahia Order after the death of his illustrious father.

Among his renowned spiritual successors are: Syed Muhammad Hashim Shah (Sajjāda Nashīn: head of the spiritual succession in the Order), Shah Hafiz Mamūri, Hafiz Nūrmuhammad from Sialkot, Shah Abdurrahman Pak, Pir Muhammad Sachyār, Syed Sālih Muhammad, Shah Abdullah Chaumukkhi, Shah Fatehmuhammad, Shah Sadr Diwān, Khawaja Muhammad Fuzail from Kabul, Syed Shah Muhammad Shahīd, Hazrat Muhammad Ismaīl, Abdulhakim Sialkoti, Nazr Muhammad Kunjāhi, Allama Abul Baqa, Khushi Muhammad Kunjāhi and Radiyuddin Kunjāhi.

The Qādirī Naushāhī Order comprises as a consequence of spiritual succession sub-branches carrying the name of the successors after Syed Naushah Pir, such as Barkhurdārī Naushahī, Hāshimī Naushāhī, Sachyārī Naushāhī, Bahr ul-Ulūmī and the like.

His descendants are still continuing this tradition, of serving the Islam and the Muslims. Among his descendants Pir Syed Abul Kamāl Barq Shah (1924-1985) and Pir Syed Ma‘rūf Hussain Shah (born 1936) specially deserved to be mentioned.

== References ==

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<references/>

A great number of spiritual successors of Syed Naushah Ganj Bakhsh have made notes about his life and teachings. The most well-known treatises and reports are written by the authors of the early period are:

*Maulvi Muhammad Ashraf Manchari (Kanz-ur-Rahmat)

*Muhammad Māh Sadāqat Kunjāhi (Thawāqib ul-Manāqib)

*Mirza Ahmed Beg Lahori (Risālah al-‘Ijāz)

*Hafiz Muhammad Hayāt Barkhurdari (Tadhkirah Naushahia)

*Pir Kamāl Lahori (Tahā’if-i Qudsia)

*Muhammad Hashim Shah (1735-1843) (Chahār Bahār)

Among the authors of the later period who have mainly adopted from the early sources are:

*Mufti Ghulām Sarwar Lahori (Hadīqat ul-Awliyā, Khazīnat al-Asfiyā)

*Syed Sharafat Ahmed Barkhurdari (1907-1983) (Azkār-i Naushahia, Ganj ul-Asrār)

*Syed Abul Kamāl Barq Shah (1924-1985): Naushah Ganj Bakhsh aur unki Talīmāt, Shajarah Sharīf Naushahī, Karāmāt-i Naushah Pīr and many other writings.

</div>

== External links ==

*http://www.qadri-naushahi.com/

*http://www.jamiyattablighulislam.org/

[[Category:Sufis]]

[[Category:Qadiri order]]

[[Category:Punjabi Sufi saints]]

[[Category:16th-century Mughal Empire people]]

[[nl:Syed Naushah Ganj Bakhsh Qadiri]]

[[Category:17th-century Mughal Empire people]]

[[Category:17th-century Indian scholars]]