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{{shortShort description|Federal statistical agency tasked with collecting data onof the U.S. science and engineeringUnited enterpriseStates}}

{{Use American English|date=October 2021}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2021}}{{Infobox government agency

{{Infobox government agency

| agency_name = National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics

| logo = Logo_of_National_Center_for_Science_and_Engineering_Statistics.png

| logo =

| seal =

| formed = {{start date and age|2011|2|15}}

| preceding1 = National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics

| jurisdiction =

| headquarters = National Science Foundation Building, 2415 Eisenhower Ave, [[Alexandria, VA]], [[United States|U.S.]]US

| employees = 56 Fullfull-Timetime Permanentpermanent (2020) <ref name="OMB">{{cite web |last1=Voigt |first1=Russel T |title=Statistical Programs of the United States Government: Fiscal Years 2019/2020 |url=https://wwwbidenwhitehouse.whitehousearchives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/statistical-programs-20192020.pdf |website=whitehouse.gov[[White House]] |publisher=Office of Management and Budget |access-date=18 February 18, 2021}}</ref>

| budget = US$58 &nbsp;million (2020)<ref name="OMB"/>

| chief1_name = Emilda Rivers

| chief1_position = Director<ref name="COSSA">{{cite web |last1=COSSA |title=Emilda Rivers Appointed to Lead NCSES |url=https://www.cossa.org/2018/06/26/emilda-rivers-appointed-to-lead-ncses/ |website=cossa.org |publisher=Consortium of Social Science Associations |access-date=18 February 18, 2021}}</ref>

| parent_department =

| parent_agency = [[National Science Foundation]]

| website = {{URL|ncses.nsf.gov/statistics}}

| footnotes =

}}

The '''National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics''' ('''NCSES''') is one of the thirteen principal [[Federal Statistical System of the United States|statistical agencies of the United States]] and is tasked with providing objective data on the status of the science and engineering enterprise in the U.S. and other countries. NCSES sponsors or co-sponsors data collection on 15 surveys and produces two key publications: ''Science and Engineering Indicators'', and ''Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering''. Though policy-neutral, the data and reports produced by NCSES are used by [[policymakers]] when making policy decisions regarding [[Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics|STEM]] education and research funding in the U.S.

== Mission, History, and Organization ==

== History, mission and organization ==

The National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) is a principal agency of the [[Federal Statistical System of the United States]] that serves as a clearinghouse for collecting, interpreting, analyzing, and disseminating objective statistical data on the [[United States]] and other nations’ [[Science |science]] and [[Engineering |engineering]] enterprises.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/1862p|title=42 U.S. Code § 1862p - National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics|website=LII / Legal Information Institute|language=en|access-date=2021-03-03}}</ref> This includes data on the science and engineering [[Workforce|workforce]], the condition and progression of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education in the U.S. and abroad, and U.S. competitiveness in science, engineering, technology, and research and development (R&D). Additionally, NCSES’s [[United states congress |U.S. Congressional]] mandate includes supporting research that uses the data NCSES have acquired, educating and training researchers in the use of these data, and conducting methodological research in areas related to data collection and analysis. NCSES is also required to provide information to practitioners, researchers, policymakers, and the public using the processes established by the [[Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act]] of 2019 (Evidence Act).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-115publ435/html/PLAW-115publ435.htm|title = Official Text and Related Information on the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2019 |website=www.govinfo.gov|access-date=2021-03-03}}</ref>

The National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) is a principal agency of the [[Federal Statistical System of the United States]] that serves as a clearinghouse for collecting, interpreting, analyzing, and disseminating objective statistical data on the [[United States]] and other nations’ [[Science |science]] and [[Engineering |engineering]] enterprises.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/1862p|title=42 U.S. Code § 1862p -– National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics|website=LII / Legal Information Institute|language=en|access-date=March 3, 2021-03-03}}</ref> This includes data on the science and engineering [[Workforce|workforce]], the condition and progression of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education in the U.S. and abroad, and U.S. competitiveness in science, engineering, technology, and research and development (R&D). Additionally, NCSES’sNCSES's [[United states congress |U.S. Congressional]] mandate includes supporting research that uses the data NCSES have acquired, educating and training researchers in the use of these data, and conducting methodological research in areas related to data collection and analysis. NCSES is also required to provide information to practitioners, researchers, policymakers, and the public using the processes established by the [[Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act]] of 2019 (Evidence Act).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-115publ435/html/PLAW-115publ435.htm|title = Official Text and Related Information on the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2019 |website=www.govinfo.gov|access-date=March 3, 2021-03-03}}</ref>

NCSES is unique as the only federal statistical agency to also be a division within the [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF). Originally named the Division of Science Resources Statistics and located within NSF’sNSF's Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences, Section 505 of the [[America COMPETES Act |America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-111publ358/html/PLAW-111publ358.htm|title = Official Text and Related Information on the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 |website=www.govinfo.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> authorized the division to be renamed the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics and expanded the new center’scenter's role within NSF. Despite the name change, recognized by NSF on February 15, 2011,<ref name="NSF">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=118648|title=NSF's Division of Science Resources Statistics Is Now the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics|website=www.nsf.gov|language=English|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> NCSES continues to serve as the primary statistical resource for NSF.

NCSES is the second smallest of the thirteen U.S. Federal statistical agencies in terms of staff (56 permanent full-time employees as of 2020), but ranks 9^th9th in terms of budget ($58 &nbsp;million for [[Fiscal year |fiscal year]] 2020).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwwbidenwhitehouse.whitehousearchives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/statistical-programs-20192020.pdf|author = Voigt, Russel T. |title = Statistical Programs of the United States Government: Fiscal Years 2019/2020| website=Office of Management and Budget |language=en|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> Despite its relatively small size, NCSES is composed of seven different programs.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://orise.orau.gov/ncses//index.html|title=The National Science Foundation National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Research Ambassadors Program|website=Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education/Oak Ridge Associated Universities|language=en|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> The Administrative and Program Operations Groups is responsible for managerial, budget, and business process support, as well as assistance to the Office of the Director. The Human Resources Statistics Program is responsible for collecting and disseminating data on STEM education and the STEM workforce. The Information and Technology Services Program oversees NCSES’sNCSES's data management and information dissemination, both print and electronic. The Office of the Director, which includes the NCSES Director, Deputy Director, Chief Statistician, and Research Director, sets priorities for the center and ensures NCSES meets its Congressional mandate. The Research and Develop Statistics Program is responsible for collecting and disseminating data on U.S. R&D including expenditures, infrastructure, innovation, and international comparability. The Science and Engineering Indicators Program is tasked with producing the biennial Congressionally mandated report ''Science and Engineering Indicators''. The Statistics, Methods and Research Program provides [[Statistics |statistical]] and [[Survey methodology |survey methodology]] support within NCSES and conducts statistical research with a focus towards improving the quality of the data collected by NCSES.

NCSES is the second smallest of the thirteen Federal statistical agencies in terms of staff (56 permanent full-time employees as of 2020), but ranks 9^th in terms of budget ($58 million for [[Fiscal year |fiscal year]] 2020).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/statistical-programs-20192020.pdf|author = Voigt, Russel T. |title = Statistical Programs of the United States Government: Fiscal Years 2019/2020| website=Office of Management and Budget |language=en|access-date=2021-03-04}}</ref> Despite its relatively small size, NCSES is composed of seven different programs.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://orise.orau.gov/ncses//index.html|title=The National Science Foundation National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Research Ambassadors Program|website=Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education/Oak Ridge Associated Universities|language=en|access-date=2021-03-04}}</ref> The Administrative and Program Operations Groups is responsible for managerial, budget, and business process support, as well as assistance to the Office of the Director. The Human Resources Statistics Program is responsible for collecting and disseminating data on STEM education and the STEM workforce. The Information and Technology Services Program oversees NCSES’s data management and information dissemination, both print and electronic. The Office of the Director, which includes the NCSES Director, Deputy Director, Chief Statistician, and Research Director, sets priorities for the center and ensures NCSES meets its Congressional mandate. The Research and Develop Statistics Program is responsible for collecting and disseminating data on U.S. R&D including expenditures, infrastructure, innovation, and international comparability. The Science and Engineering Indicators Program is tasked with producing the biennial Congressionally mandated report ''Science and Engineering Indicators''. The Statistics, Methods and Research Program provides [[Statistics |statistical]] and [[Survey methodology |survey methodology]] support within NCSES and conducts statistical research with a focus towards improving the quality of the data collected by NCSES.

{| class="wikitable"

|+ NCSES Directors<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pierson |first1=Steven |title=Leadership of the Federal Statistical Agencies |url=https://community.amstat.org/blogs/steve-pierson/2013/12/23/leadership-of-the-federal-statistical-agencies |website=community.amstat.org |date=December 23, 2013 |publisher=American Statistical Association Community |access-date=18 February 18, 2021}}</ref>

|-

! Name !! Started !! Ended

|-

| Emilda B. Rivers (Current) || June 24, 2018<ref name="COSSA"/> || --–

|-

| John R. Gawalt || 2012 || April, 2018<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dambroski |first1=Stanly |last2=Beal |first2=Madeline |title=Q&A: Recently retired NCSES Director John Gawalt on the importance of surveys and statistics. |url=https://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=245191 |website=nsf.gov |publisher=National Science Board |access-date=18 February 18, 2021 |date=26 April 26, 2018}}</ref>

|-

| [[Lynda T. Carlson ]]|| February 15, 2011<ref name="NSF"/> || February 2, 2012<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ferrante |first1=Ann A |title=Approved minutes open session 424th meeting National Science Board (NSB-12-15) |url=https://www.nsf.gov/nsb/meetings/2012/0202/minutes.pdf |website=nsf.gov |publisher=National Science Board |access-date=18 February 18, 2021 |date=2-3 February 2–3, 2012}}</ref>

|}

== Key Publicationspublications ==

While NCSES prepares or assists with preparing many different reports, briefs, and working papers, the center focuses on two key publications: the ''Science and Engineering Indicators'' (SEI) report<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ncses.nsf.gov/indicators|title=Science and Engineering Indicators|website=ncses.nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> and the ''Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering'' (WMPDSE) report.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf19304/digest|title=Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2019 |website=ncses.nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> SEI is a biennial Congressionally mandated report prepared by NCSES under the guidance of the [[National Science Board]] that provides quantitative information on the scope, quality, and vitality of the U.S science and engineering enterprise, as well as competitiveness in this area compared with other countries. While SEI is policy neutral, the report is intended to inform the development of future domestic and international science and engineering policy. The 2020 SEI included thematic sub-reports on the following 9 areas:

* Academic Research and Development

Line 56 ⟶ 55:

* Science and Technology: Public Attitudes, Knowledge, and Interest

The WMPDSE is also a biennial report, mandated by the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (Public Law 96-516<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-94/pdf/STATUTE-94-Pg3007.pdf#page=6|title=Official Text and Related Information on the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act|website=www.govinfo.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref>), that provides information on the participation of women, minorities, and persons with disabilities in STEM education and the science and engineering workforce. Similar to SEI, WMPDSE is policy neutral, but intended to inform the development of future domestic and international science and engineering policy.

== Current Initiativesinitiatives ==

The WMPDSE is also a biennial report, mandated by the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (Public Law 96-516<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-94/pdf/STATUTE-94-Pg3007.pdf#page=6|title=Official Text and Related Information on the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act|website=www.govinfo.gov|access-date=2021-03-04}}</ref>), that provides information on the participation of women, minorities, and persons with disabilities in STEM education and the science and engineering workforce. Similar to SEI, WMPDSE is policy neutral, but intended to inform the development of future domestic and international science and engineering policy.

As evidenced by existing surveys, the science and engineering enterprise workforce has traditionally only included individuals with [[Bachelor's degree |bachelor’sbachelor's]], [[Master's degree |Master’sMaster's]], and/or [[Doctorate |doctorates]] in STEM fields. The [[United States Census Bureau]], however, estimates there are approximately 17 million individuals over the age of 25 who work in highly technical fields who do not possess a bachelor’sbachelor's degree. These individuals have been called the Skilled Technical Workforce (STW)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/nsb/publications/2019/nsb201923.pdf|title=The Skilled Technical Workforce: Crafting America’sAmerica's Science and Engineering Enterprise (NSB-2019-23)|website=www.nsf.gov |access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> and have been identified by the [[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine]]'s Committee on National Statistics,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalacademies.org/cnstat/about|title=About the Committee on National Statistics|website=www.nationalacademies.org|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> the [[National Science Board#Work of the National Science Board |National Science Board's STW Task Force]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=httphttps://www.nsf.gov/nsb|title=Skilled Technical Workforce (STW) Resources|website=www.nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> and the Innovations in Mentoring, Training, and Apprenticeships Act of 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/5509/text|title=Text -– H.R.5509 -– 115th Congress (2017-20182017–2018): Innovations in Mentoring, Training, and Apprenticeships Act|last=McCarthy|first=Kevin|date=2018-12-December 31, 2018|website=www.congress.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> as a segment of the U.S. science and engineering workforce that needs to be measured in order to better understand health and breadth of the U.S. science and engineering enterprise. As a result, NCSES launched the STW Initiative<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/stw/skilled-technical-workforce.cfm|title=Skilled Technical Workforce Initiative|website=www.nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> to collect data on this segment of the workforce that include the creation of a new survey: the ''National Training, Education, and Workforce Survey.''

== Current Initiatives ==

==Data and surveys==

As evidenced by existing surveys, the science and engineering enterprise workforce has traditionally only included individuals with [[Bachelor's degree |bachelor’s]], [[Master's degree |Master’s]], and/or [[Doctorate |doctorates]] in STEM fields. The [[United States Census Bureau]], however, estimates there are approximately 17 million individuals over the age of 25 who work in highly technical fields who do not possess a bachelor’s degree. These individuals have been called the Skilled Technical Workforce (STW)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/nsb/publications/2019/nsb201923.pdf|title=The Skilled Technical Workforce: Crafting America’s Science and Engineering Enterprise (NSB-2019-23)|website=www.nsf.gov |access-date=2021-03-04}}</ref> and have been identified by the [[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine]]'s Committee on National Statistics,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalacademies.org/cnstat/about|title=About the Committee on National Statistics|website=www.nationalacademies.org|access-date=2021-03-04}}</ref> the [[National Science Board#Work of the National Science Board |National Science Board's STW Task Force]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nsf.gov/nsb|title=Skilled Technical Workforce (STW) Resources|website=www.nsf.gov|access-date=2021-03-04}}</ref> and the Innovations in Mentoring, Training, and Apprenticeships Act of 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/5509/text|title=Text - H.R.5509 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): Innovations in Mentoring, Training, and Apprenticeships Act|last=McCarthy|first=Kevin|date=2018-12-31|website=www.congress.gov|access-date=2021-03-04}}</ref> as a segment of the U.S. science and engineering workforce that needs to be measured in order to better understand health and breadth of the U.S. science and engineering enterprise. As a result, NCSES launched the STW Initiative<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/stw/skilled-technical-workforce.cfm|title=Skilled Technical Workforce Initiative|website=www.nsf.gov|access-date=2021-03-04}}</ref> to collect data on this segment of the workforce that include the creation of a new survey: the ''National Training, Education, and Workforce Survey.''

In keeping with the Evidence Act, much of the data that NCSES has acquired, including data used in the SEI and WMPDSE reports, is available to researchers, policymakers, and the general public for free as de-identified [[Public use |public-use]] [[Microdata (statistics) |microdata]]. Restricted-use data files that may contain information that could lead to direct or indirect identification of respondents can also be requested, but requires an application describing the intended use and approval from NCSES. As of March 2021, NCSES sponsors or co-sponsors ongoing data collection on 15 [[Survey (human research) |surveys]] in four content areas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/surveys.cfm|title=Surveys {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=www.nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref>

==Data=Education of scientists and Surveysengineers===

In keeping with the Evidence Act, much of the data that NCSES has acquired, including data used in the SEI and WMPDSE reports, is available to researchers, policymakers, and the general public for free as de-identified [[Public use |public-use]] [[Microdata (statistics) |microdata]]. Restricted-use data files that may contain information that could lead to direct or indirect identification of respondents can also be requested, but requires an application describing the intended use and approval from NCSES. As of March 2021, NCSES sponsors or co-sponsors ongoing data collection on 15 [[Survey (human research) |surveys]] in four content areas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/surveys.cfm|title=Surveys {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=www.nsf.gov|access-date=2021-03-04}}</ref>

'''''Survey of Earned Doctorates''''' ('''SED''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctorates/|title=Survey of Earned Doctorates {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021}}</ref> – The SED is likely the most well-known survey, at least to scientists in the U.S., because it is a [[Census |census]] that collects data on the educational history, [[Demography |demographic]] characteristics, and postgraduation plans for all individuals receiving a research doctorate from an accredited U.S. institution in a given [[Academic year |academic year]]. The SED, in partnership with the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH), the [[United States Department of Education]], and the [[National Endowment for the Humanities]], has been collected annually since 1957.

===Education of Scientists and Engineers===

'''''Survey of EarnedGraduate DoctoratesStudents and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering''''' ('''SEDGSS''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctoratessrvygradpostdoc/|title=Survey of EarnedGraduate DoctoratesStudents and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> – The SEDGSS, iscollected likelyin thepartnership mostwith well-known surveyNIH, atis leastan toannual census scientistsstarted in the U1966.S., becauseThe it is a [[Census |census]] thatGSS collects data on the educational history, [[Demography |demographic]] characteristics, and postgraduationfinancial planssupport for all individuals[[Graduate receivingschool a|graduate researchstudents]], doctorate[[Postdoctoral fromresearcher an|postdoctoral accreditedresearchers]], U.S.and institutiondoctorate-holding innonfaculty aresearchers givenat [[Academic yearinstitution |academic yearinstitutions]]. The SED, in partnershipthe with theU.S., [[NationalGuam]], Institutesand of[[Puerto HealthRico]] (NIH),granting theresearch-based [[Unitedmaster's Statesand Departmentdoctoral ofdegrees Education]]in science, engineering, and theselected [[Nationalhealth Endowmentfields foras of the Humanities]],fall hasof beenthe collectedsurvey annually since 1957year.

===Research and Developmentdevelopment Fundingfunding and Expendituresexpenditures===

'''''Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering''''' ('''GSS''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/|title=Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=2021-03-04}}</ref> – The GSS, collected in partnership with NIH, is an annual census started in 1966. The GSS collects data on demographic characteristics and financial support for all [[Graduate school |graduate students]], [[Postdoctoral researcher |postdoctoral researchers]], and doctorate-holding nonfaculty researchers at [[Academic institution |academic institutions]] in the U.S., [[Guam]], and [[Puerto Rico]] granting research-based master’s and doctoral degrees in science, engineering, and selected health fields as of the fall of the survey year.

'''''Annual Business Survey''''' ('''ABS''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvyabs/|title=Annual Business Survey {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021}}</ref> – The ABS, started in 2018 and collected annually in partnership with the U.S. Census Bureau, is actually composed of two surveys. The ABS-1 collects data on R&D, innovation, technology, intellectual property, and business owner characteristics for a [[Sample (statistics) |sample]] of all non[[Farm |farm]], for-profit businesses operating in the US with fewer than 10 employees. The ABS-1 includes questions from the Business Research and Development and Innovation Survey – Microbusiness (BRDI-M). The ABS-2 collects the same data as the ABS-1 for a sample of all nonfarm, for-profit businesses operating within the U.S. with 10 or more employees with exception of R&D activity, which is captured by the Business Enterprise Research and Development Survey (BERD).

===Research and Development Funding and Expenditures===

'''''Annual Business Enterprise Research and Development Survey''''' ('''ABSBERD''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvyabssrvyberd/|title=Annual Business Enterprise Research and Development Survey (BERD) {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> – The ABS,BERD started[formerly inknown 2018 and collected annually in partnership withas the U.S.''Business CensusResearch Bureau,and isDevelopment actuallySurvey'' composed of two surveys. The ABS-1 collects data on R&D(BRDS, innovation2017–2018), technology,the intellectual''Business property,Research and businessDevelopment ownerand characteristicsInnovation forSurvey'' a(BRDIS; [[Sample (statistics2008–2016) |sample]] of all non[[Farm |farm]], for-profit [[Business |businesses]] operating withinand ''the U.S.Survey withof lessIndustrial thanResearch 10and employees.Development'' The(SIRD; ABS-11953–2007), includesrespectively] questionsis froman theannual Businesssurvey Researchstarted andin Development2018 andin Innovationpartnership Surveywith –the MicrobusinessCensus (BRDI-M)Bureau. The ABS-2BERD collects the same data ason theR&D ABS-1activity, forincluding aexpenditures sampleand ofemployees, allfor nonfarm, for-profit businesses operating within the U.S. with 10 or more employees withthat exceptionspent of$50,000 or more on R&D activity,activities which is captured byin the Business[[Calendar Enterpriseyear Research|calendar andyear]] Developmentof Surveythe (BERD)survey.

'''''BusinessFederally EnterpriseFunded Research and Development Centers (FFRDC) Research and Development Survey''''' ('''BERDFFRDC-RDS''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvyberdsrvyffrdc/|title=Business EnterpriseFFRDC Research and Development Survey (BERD) {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> – The BERD [formerly known as the ''Business Research and Development Survey'' (BRDS, 2017FFRDC-2018)RDS, the ''Business Research and Development and Innovation Survey'' (BRDIS; 2008-2016), and ''the Survey of Industrial Research and Development'' (SIRD; 1953-2007), respectively] is an annual surveycensus started in 2018 in partnership with the Census Bureau. The BERD2001, collects data on R&D activity,activities at includingall forty-two [[Federally expendituresfunded research and employees,development forcenters nonfarm,|FFRDCs]] for-profitas businessesdefined operating withinby the U.S.NSF withMaster 10Government orList moreof employeesFFRDCs.<ref>{{Cite thatweb|url=https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/ffrdclist/|title=Master spentGovernment $50,000List orof moreFederally onFunded R&D activities in the [[Calendar year Centers|calendarwebsite=nsf.gov|access-date=March year]] of4, the survey.2021}}</ref>

'''''FederallyHigher Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDC)Education Research and Development Survey''''' ('''FFRDC-RDSHERD''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvyffrdcsrvyherd/|title=FFRDCHigher Education Research and Development Survey (HERD) {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> – The FFRDC-RDS,HERD [formerly known as the ''NSF Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and College'' (''Academic R&D Expenditures Survey''; 1972–2009)] is an annual census started in 2001,2010. The HERD collects data on R&D activities at all forty-twoU.S. [[Federallyinstitutions fundedof researchhigher andeducations, developmentspecifically centers[[University |FFRDCsuniversities]] asand defined[[College by|colleges]], thethat NSFreported Masterat Governmentleast List$150,000 ofin FFRDCs.<ref>{{CiteR&D web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/ffrdclist/|title=Masterexpenditures Governmentin Listthe ofprior Federallyfiscal Funded R&D Centers|website=nsfyear.gov|access-date=2021-03-04}}</ref>

'''''Higher EducationNonprofit Research and DevelopmentActivities Survey''''' ('''HERDNPRA''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvyherdsrvynpra/|title=Higher EducationNonprofit Research and DevelopmentActivities Survey (HERDForthcoming) {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> – The HERD [formerly known as the ''NSF Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and College'' (''Academic R&D Expenditures Survey''; 1972-2009)] is an annual census started in 2010. The HERDNPRA collects data on R&D activities atfrom alla sample of U.S. institutions of higher educations, specificallynon-academic [[UniversityNonprofit organization |universitiesnonprofit organizations]], andspecifically [[Collegeorganizations |colleges]],with thata reported501(c) atdesignation. leastThe $150,000NPRA inis R&DNCSES's expendituresnewest insurvey with the priorinitial fiscaldata collection occurring in year2018.

'''''NonprofitSurvey of Federal Funds for Research Activitiesand SurveyDevelopment''''' ('''NPRAFFS''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvynprasrvyfedfunds/|title=NonprofitSurvey Researchof ActivitiesFederal SurveyFunds (Forthcoming)for Research and Development {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> – The NPRAFFS collectsis an annual census that has collected data on all R&D activities fromfunded aby samplethe federal government of the U.S since 1951. non-academicThese [[Nonprofitdata organizationare |nonprofitused organizations]],by specificallythe organizationsEstablished withProgram ato 501(c)Stimulate designation.Competitive TheResearch, NPRAthe is[[Federal NCSES’sLaboratory newestConsortium]] surveyfor withTechnology Transfer program, the initial[[Small dataBusiness Innovation Research]] program, and the Small collectionBusiness occurringTechnology inTransfer 2018program.

'''''Survey of Federal FundsScience forand ResearchEngineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and DevelopmentNonprofit Institutions''''' ('''FFSFSESS''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvyfedfundssrvyfedsupport/|title=Survey of Federal FundsScience forand ResearchEngineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and DevelopmentNonprofit Institutions {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> – The FFSFSESS is an annual census that has collected data on all R&D activities fundedat byall thenonprofit federalor governmentacademic ofinstitutions, thespecifically U.Suniversities sinceand 1951.colleges, These data are usedfunded by the Establishedfederal Programgovernment to Stimulate Competitive Research,of the [[FederalU.S Laboratory Consortium]] for Technology Transfer program, the [[Small Business Innovation Research]] program, and the Small Business Technology Transfersince program1963.

'''''Survey of FederalState ScienceGovernment and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges,Research and Nonprofit InstitutionsDevelopment''''' ('''FSESSSRDS''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvyfedsupportsrvystaterd/|title=Survey of FederalState ScienceGovernment and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges,Research and Nonprofit InstitutionsDevelopment {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> – The FSESSSRDS is an annual census that has collected data onof all R&D activities atfunded allby nonprofitthe orstate academicgovernments institutionsof the 50 U.S. states, specificallythe universities[[Washington, andDC colleges|District of Columbia]], fundedand byPuerto theRico federaland governmenthas ofbeen the U.Scollected since 19632006.

===Science and engineering research facilities===

'''''Survey of State Government Research and Development''''' ('''SRDS''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvystaterd/|title=Survey of State Government Research and Development {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=2021-03-04}}</ref> – The SRDS is an annual census of all R&D activities funded by the state governments of the 50 [[U.S. states]], the [[Washington, DC |District of Columbia]], and Puerto Rico and has been collected since 2006.

'''''Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities''''' ('''SEFS''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvyfacilities/|title=Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> – The SEFS started data collection in 1986 and is a biennial census of the cost and space of S&E research facilities at all U.S. research-performing universities and colleges that reported at least $1 &nbsp;million in R&D expenditures on the HERD survey.

===Science and Engineeringengineering Research Facilitiesworkforce===

'''''Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities''''' ('''SEFS''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvyfacilities/|title=Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=2021-03-04}}</ref> – The SEFS started data collection in 1986 and is a biennial census of the cost and space of S&E research facilities at all U.S. research-performing universities and colleges that reported at least $1 million in R&D expenditures on the HERD survey.

'''''Early Career Doctorates Survey''''' ('''ECDS''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvyecd/|title=Early Career Doctorates Survey {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021}}</ref> – Started in 2015 in partnership with NIH, the ECDS collects data on demographic characteristics and professional activities including achievements, research, and [[Work–life balance in the United States |work-life balance]] for a sample of individuals who earned their first doctorate degree in the previous 10 years.

===Science and Engineering Workforce===

'''''EarlyNational CareerSurvey Doctoratesof SurveyCollege Graduates''''' ('''ECDSNCSG''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvyecdsrvygrads/|title=EarlyNational CareerSurvey Doctoratesof SurveyCollege Graduates {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> – StartedThe inbiennial 2015NCSG, started in partnership with NIH1993, the ECDS collects data on demographica characteristicssample andof [[Professionalindividuals |professional]]who are activitiesyounger includingthan achievements76, researchhave at least a bachelor's degree, and [[Work–lifeare balanceliving in the UnitedU.S. Statesduring |work-lifethe balance]] for a sampletime of individualsthe whosurvey, earnedwith theira firstfocus doctorateon degreeindividuals in the previousscience and 10engineering yearsworkforce.

'''''National Survey of CollegeDoctorate GraduatesRecipients''''' ('''NCSGSDR''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradssrvydoctoratework/|title=National Survey of CollegeDoctorate GraduatesRecipients {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> – TheStarted biennialin NCSG1973, startedthe in 1993,SDR collects data biennially on ademographic samplecharacteristics, ofemployment, individualsand whooccupation arefor youngera thansample 76,of haveindividuals atwho leasthold a bachelor’s degree, and are livingdoctorate in thea U.S.science, duringengineering, theor time[[Health ofcare the|health]] survey,(SEH) withfield aand focusare on individuals inunder the scienceage andof engineering76. workforce.

'''''Survey of DoctoratePostdocs Recipientsat Federally Funded Research and Development Centers''''' ('''SDRFFRDCPS''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctorateworksrvyffrdcpd/|title=Survey of DoctoratePostdocs Recipientsat Federally Funded Research and Development Centers {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref> – StartedThe inFFRDCPS 1973,is thea SDRperiodic collects data biennially on demographic characteristicssurvey, employment,first and occupation for a sample of individuals who hold a doctoratecollected in a science2005, engineering,that ormeasures [[Healthdemographic carecharacteristics |health]]and (SEH)fields fieldof andresearch arefor underall thepostdoctoral ageresearchers ofat 76FFRDCs.

==Data and publication usage examples==

'''''Survey of Postdocs at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers''''' ('''FFRDCPS''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nsf.gov/statistics/srvyffrdcpd/|title=Survey of Postdocs at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers {{!}} NCSES {{!}} NSF|website=nsf.gov|access-date=2021-03-04}}</ref> – The FFRDCPS is a periodic survey, first collected in 2005, that measures demographic characteristics and fields of research for all postdoctoral researchers at FFRDCs.

==Data and Publication Usage Examples==

While the following examples are not intended to be an exhaustive list, it is illustrative to see some examples of how NCSES survey data and reports are currently being used by researchers and policymakers.

'''Budgeting for Federal Investment''': The [[Congressional Budget Office]] (CBO) is a [[Nonpartisanism |nonpartisan]], policy-neutral federal agency that releases annual reports containing cost estimates for proposed legislation. The CBO’sCBO's 2021 ''Budgeting for Federal Investment'' report,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbo.gov/publication/56900|title=Budgeting for Federal Investment |website=Congressional Budget Office|access-date=April 15, 2021 |access-09-date=September 14, 2021}}</ref> which focuses on investment in [[Physical capital |physical capital]], education, and research and development, includes the [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]]’s measure of [[Depreciation |depreciation]] which is based, in part, on the BERD survey data.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/brds/about.html|title=About the BERD Survey {{!}} census.gov |website=Census Bureaue|access-date=2021-09-September 14, 2021}}</ref>

'''Faculty Job Satisfaction''': Academic researchers interested in studying whether university faculty job satisfaction differed as a function of gender and discipline used the 2003 SDR data.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sabharwal |first1=Meghna |last2=Corley |first2=Elizabeth A. |title=Faculty job satisfaction across gender and discipline |journal=The Social Science Journal |date=2009 |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=539–556 |doi=10.1016/j.soscij.2009.04.015|s2cid=42788057 }}</ref>

'''State-Level Innovation''': The [[Brookings Institution]] prepared a report titled ''Ideas for Pennsylvania Innovation: Examining Efforts by Competitor States and National Leaders''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2019.08.13_BrookingsMetro_Pennsylvania-Innovation-Economy_Maxim-Muro.pdf|author=Maxim, Robert; Muro, Mark|date=2019|title=Ideas for Pennsylvania Innovation |website=Brookings Institution|access-date=2021-09-September 14, 2021}}</ref> for the Commonwealth of [[Pennsylvania]] with suggestions to increase its innovation economy that included information from the HERD survey.

'''STEM Education''': The [[Congressional Research Service]] is a nonpartisan public policy research institute within the [[Library of Congress]] that prepares reports for members of Congress and Congressional committees such as the ''Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education: An Overview'' report<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R45223.pdf|author=Granovskiy, Boris|date=2018-06-June 12, 2018|title=Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education: An Overview (R45223) | website=Congressional Research Service|access-date=2021-09-September 14, 2021}}</ref> that includes science and engineering degree information from the SED survey.

'''Teamwork in STEM''': The SED survey data were also used to investigate whether an increased focus on interdisciplinary team-based research had an impact on job satisfaction among STEM doctoral graduates.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kniffin |first1=Kevin M. |last2=Hanks |first2=Andrew S. |title=The trade-offs of teamwork among STEM doctoral graduates. |journal=American Psychologist |date=2018 |volume=73 |issue=4 |pages=420–432 |doi=10.1037/amp0000288|pmid=29792458 |s2cid=43933673 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

'''Women in Academic Science''': Researchers published a paper titled "Women in Academic Science: A Changing Landscape"<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ceci |first1=Stephen J. |last2=Ginther |first2=Donna K. |last3=Kahn |first3=Shulamit |last4=Williams |first4=Wendy M. |title=Women in Academic Science: A Changing Landscape |journal=Psychological Science in the Public Interest |date=2014 |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=75–141 |doi=10.1177/1529100614541236|pmid=26172066 |s2cid=12701313 }}</ref> that sought to make sense of the contradictory literature on the topic that used both the SEI reports and SED survey data.

==Research Grantsgrants and Fellowshipsfellowships==

In order toTo improve the quality and efficiency of data collection and analysis, NCSES directly funds survey-related analytic and methodological research through its annual competitive Research on the Science and Technology Enterprise: Statistics and Surveys program (RSTESS; Solicitation 15-521<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2015/nsf15521/nsf15521.pdf|title=Research on the Science and Technology Enterprise: Statistics and Surveys – R&D, U.S. S&T Competitiveness, STEM education, S&T Workforce|website=nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref>). In addition to survey methodology research, the RSTESS program also accepts proposals for research projects that use NCSES data to investigate research questions on the science and technology enterprise, efforts to create or improve [[Indicator (statistics) |indicators]] of activities and resources related to the science and technology enterprise, doctoral [[Thesis |dissertation]] projects, and workshops, as well as funding [[Research fellow |research fellowships]] at the center. The research fellowships are administered by the [[Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education]] (ORISE) and [[Oak Ridge Associated Universities]] (ORAU)<ref name=":0" /> or by the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] (AAAS).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aaas.org/programs/science-technology-policy-fellowships|title=AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellowships|website=www.aaas.org|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/od/oia/activities/aaasfellows/index.jsp|title=NSF AAAS Science and Technology Policy (STP) Fellows|website=www.nsf.gov|access-date=March 4, 2021-03-04}}</ref>

== References ==

{{Academic peer reviewed|Q105951724|doi-access=free}}

[[Category:Statistical organizations in the United States]]

[[Category:Federal Statistical System of the United States]]

<references />{{US statistical agencies}}{{Authority control}}