Blockchain-based database: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Form of distributed database}}

The '''Blockchain-based database''' is a combination of [[database|traditional database]] and [[distributed database]] where [[data]] is transacted and recorded via ''Database Interface''<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Gaetani|first1=Edoardo|last2=Aniello|first2=Leonardo|last3=Baldoni|first3=Roberto|last4=Lombardi|first4=Federico|last5=Margheri|first5=Andrea|last6=Sassone|first6=Vladimiro|date=2017|others=Edoardo Gaetani, Leonardo Aniello, Roberto Baldoni, Federico Lombardi, Andrea Margheri, Vladimiro Sassone|title=Blockchain-based database to ensure data integrity in cloud computing environments|url=http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1816/paper-15.pdf|language=en}}</ref> (also known as ''Compute Interface'')<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Casino|first1=Fran|last2=K. Dasaklis|first2=Thomas|last3=Patsakisa|first3=Constantinos|date=March 2019|title=A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: Current status, classification and open issues|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736585318306324|journal=Telematics and Informatics|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|volume=36|pages=55–81|doi=10.1016/j.tele.2018.11.006|issn=0736-5853|via=Elsevier Science Direct|doi-access=free}}</ref> supported by multiple-layers of [[blockchain]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techbeacon.com/security/blockchain-vs-relational-database-which-right-your-application|title=Blockchain or relational database? How to choose the right technology for your application|last=Martin|first=Luther|website=TechBeacon|language=en|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> The database itself is shared in the form of an encrypted/immutable ledger which makes the information open for everyone.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blockgeeks.com/guides/what-is-blockchain-technology/|title=What is Blockchain Technology? A Step-by-Step Guide For Beginners|website=Blockgeeks|date=19 September 2016|language=en-CA|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref>

{{cleanup rewrite|date=November 2024}}

The '''Blockchainblockchain-based database''' is a combination of [[database|traditional database]] and [[distributed database]] where [[data]] is transacted and recorded via ''Database Interface''<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Gaetani |first1=Edoardo |last2=Aniello|first2=Leonardo|last3=Baldoni|first3=Roberto|last4=Lombardi|first4=Federico|last5=Margheri|first5=Andrea|last6=Sassone|first6=Vladimiro |journal = Sun SITE Central Europe Operated Under the Umbrella of RWTH Aachen University |date=2017|others=Edoardo Gaetani, Leonardo Aniello, Roberto Baldoni, Federico Lombardi, Andrea Margheri, Vladimiro Sassone|title=Blockchain-based database to ensure data integrity in cloud computing environments|url=http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1816/paper-15.pdf|language=en}}</ref> (also known as ''Compute Interface'')<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Casino |first1=Fran |last2=K. Dasaklis |first2=Thomas |last3=Patsakisa |first3=Constantinos |date=March 2019 |title=A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: Current status, classification and open issues|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736585318306324 |journal=Telematics and Informatics |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=36 |pages=55–81 |doi=10.1016/j.tele.2018.11.006 |issn=0736-5853|via=Elsevier Science Direct|doi-access=free}}</ref> supported by multiple-layers of [[blockchain]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techbeacon.com/security/blockchain-vs-relational-database-which-right-your-application|title=Blockchain or relational database? How to choose the right technology for your application|last=Martin|first=Luther|website=TechBeacon|language=en|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> The database itself is shared in the form of an [[encrypted]]/immutable ledger which makes the information open for everyone.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blockgeeks.com/guides/what-is-blockchain-technology/|title=What is Blockchain Technology? A Step-by-Step Guide For Beginners|website=Blockgeeks|date=19 September 2016|language=en-CA|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref>

== Concept ==

In actual case, the blockchain essentially has no querying abilities when compared to [[database|traditional database]] and with a doubling of [[Node (networking)|nodes]], network traffic quadruples with no improvement in throughput, latency, or capacity.<ref name=":2">{{cite book|last1=Raikwar|first1=Mayank|last2=Gligoroski|first2=Danilo|last3=Velinov|first3=Goran|date=2020-03-12|title=2020 Seventh International Conference on Software Defined Systems (SDS)|chapter=Trends in Development of Databases and Blockchain|pages=177–182|doi=10.1109/SDS49854.2020.9143893|arxiv=2003.05687|isbn=978-1-7281-7219-4|s2cid=212675742 }}</ref> To overcome these shortcomings, taking a [[database|traditional database]] and adding blockchain features to it sounds more feasible.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anadiotis |first=George |title=How to use blockchain to build a database solution |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/blockchains-in-the-database-world-what-for-and-how/|title=How to use blockchain to build a database solution|lastaccess-date=Anadiotis|first=George2020-03-27 |website=[[ZDNet]] |language=en|access-date=2020-03-27}}</ref> That's how the concept of Blockchainblockchain-based database came into existence, which consists of multiple member clouds riding on two primary layers,; the first one is ''Database Interface'' and the second one is the ''Blockchain Anchoring''.<ref name=":0" /> The idea behind the blockchain based database concept is to complement the functionality and features of [[Relational database|SQL]] and [[NoSQL]] databases with blockchain properties: data immutability, integrity assurance, decentralized control, [[Byzantine fault|Byzantine Faultfault Tolerancetolerance]] and transaction traceability.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=(PDF) An Overview ofbook Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318131748_An_Overview_of_Blockchain_Technology_Architecture_Consensus_and_Future_Trends318131748 |journalyear=ResearchGate2017 |language=en |doi=10.1109/BigDataCongress.2017.85|last1=Zheng |first1=Zibin |last2=Xie |first2=Shaoan |last3=Dai |first3=Hongning |last4=Chen |first4=Xiangping |last5=Wang |first5=Huaimin |title=2017 IEEE International Congress on Big Data (BigData Congress) |chapter=An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends |pages=557–564 |isbn=978-1-5386-1996-4 |s2cid=29591273 }}</ref>

== Implementations ==

== List of Blockchain-based databases ==

[[Oracle DBMS]] implements support for a blockchain-based database model.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/nfcoa/blockchain.html|title=Blockchain|language=en-us |website=Oracle Help Center |access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref>

This list consists of the databases which are developed and deployed through a [[Database|traditional database model]] over a [[blockchain]] framework;<ref name=":2" />

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"

|-

!style="width:5%"|Sr.No.

!style="width:20%"|Blockchain-based Database

!style="width:20%"|Supporting Database

!style="width:20%"|Type of Traditional Database

!style="width:20%"|Consensus Mechanism

!style="width:20%"|Decentralization

!style="width:20%"|Immutability

|-

|1

|BigchainDB

|[[MongoDB]] ([[NoSQL]])

|[[Document-oriented database]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bigchaindb.com/whitepaper/bigchaindb-whitepaper.pdf|title=BigchainDB 2.0 - The Blockchain Database |publisher=BigchainDB GmbH, Berlin, Germany|date=1 May 2018|access-date=11 May 2020}}</ref>

|[[Raft (computer science)|Raft consensus algorithm]]

|✓

|✓

|-

|2

|Cassandra

|[[NoSQL]]

|[[Key-value database]]

|[[Paxos (computer science)|Paxos algorithm]]

|✓

|✗

|-

|3

|ChainifyDB

|[[PostgreSQL]]

|[[Relational database]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337885020|title=ChainifyDB: How to Blockchainify any Data Management System|publisher=[[Saarland University|Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University]]|date=11 December 2019|access-date=11 May 2020}}</ref>

|Whatever-Ledger Consensus

|✓

|✓

|-

|4

|CovenantSQL

|[[SQLite]]

|[[Relational database]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://github.com/CovenantSQL/CovenantSQL|title=CovenantSQL - A decentralized, trusted, high performance, SQL database with blockchain features |publisher=[[GitHub]]|date=6 September 2019|access-date=11 May 2020}}</ref>

|[[Raft (computer science)|Raft consensus algorithm]]

|✓

|✓

|-

|5

|Modex BCDB

|[[Relational database|SQL]], [[NoSQL]]

|Multiple [[Database|databases support]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://modex.tech/multiple-databases-support/|title= Multiple databases support |publisher=Modex|access-date=11 May 2020}}</ref>

|[[Proof of authority|Proof of authority-based consensus algorithm]]

[[Consensus (computer science)|Proof of elapsed time]]

|✓

|✓

|-

|6

|Postchain

|[[SQL]]

|[[Relational database]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://postchain-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview.html#consortium-database|title=Consortium database - Postchain engineering documents |publisher=Postchain|date=1 January 2017|access-date=11 May 2020}}</ref>

|[[Byzantine fault|Byzantine fault tolerance-based consensus algorithm]]

|✓

|✓

|-

|7

|ProvenDB

|[[MongoDB]] ([[NoSQL]])

|[[Document-oriented database]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://postchain-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview.html#consortium-database|title=ProvenDB Features |publisher=ProvenDB|date=1 January 2020|access-date=11 May 2020}}</ref>

|[[-]]

|✓

|✓

|-

|}

== Blockchain Future ==

Now you must have understood what is Blockchain usefulness and how it can be used in all our works. Our thinking about this information has been changed by changing how and where information can be stored, who can access this information and what can we do with this information.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeecourse.com/what-is-blockchain/|title=What is Blockchain |publisher=Surajraje |date=15 May 2021|access-date=15 May 2021}}</ref>

Which is the main reason that some organizations are against it because how the blockchain organizes the information and how to maintain our records-keeping infrastructure goes to the heart of these things. It is clear from this that people will not accept Blockchain technology so easily and it is not going to come overnight because it challenges traditional technology at every step.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeecourse.com/what-is-blockchain/|title=What is Blockchain |publisher=Surajraje |date=15 May 2021|access-date=15 May 2021}}</ref>

==Iterations==

* Blockchain relational database – a hybrid database model.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=NathanSenthil|last2=GovindarajanChander|last3=SarafAdarsh|last4=SethiManish|last5=JayachandranPraveen|date=2019-07-01|title=Blockchain meets database|journal=Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment|volume=12|issue=11|pages=1539–1552|language=EN|doi=10.14778/3342263.3342632}}</ref>

* Graphchain Database – a standard [[Graph database|RDF Graph database]] protected by a [[Blockchain]].<ref>{{Cite document|title=GraphChain {{!}} Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2018|language=EN|doi=10.1145/3184558.3191554}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324633103|title=GraphChain: A Distributed Database with Explicit Semantics and Chained RDF Graphs|website=ResearchGate|language=en|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref>

==References==

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[[Category:Blockchains]]

[[Category:Database models]]

[[Category:Emerging technologies]]

[[Category:Decentralization]]

[[Category:Database management systems]]