|
==History==
[[Immagine:Plaza de la Bolsa, Trieste, Italia, 2017-04-15, DD 18.jpg|thumb|Il palazzo della "Borsa vecchia"]]
La '''Borsa valori di Trieste''' è stata una delle dieci [[borsa valori|borse valori]] italiane attive fino al 1997, quando vennero unificate nella [[Borsa Italiana]].
==Storia=Origins===
The Westdeutsche Funkstunde AG (WEFAG) was established on 15 September 1924.
[[Immagine:Trieste alte Boerse Rueckseite 09022008 01.jpg|thumb|Il palazzo del Tergesteo]]
La [[Borsa merci di Trieste|Borsa di Trieste]] venne istituita nel 1775 come "Borsa mercantile", nella quale si trattavano tutti i generi tipici delle borse di commercio dell'[[età moderna]]: merci straniere, valute e metalli preziosi, obbligazioni, noli marittimi, assicurazioni.
There was a substantial purge of left wing staff following the [[Nazi seizure of power]] in 1933. This included [[Ernst Hardt]], [[Hans Stein]] and [[Walter Stern (art critic)|Walter Stern]].
La borsa era molto attiva ed importante. Perciò venne costruita una sede monumentale in [[stile neoclassico]], il palazzo della "Borsa vecchia" in [[Piazza della Borsa (Trieste)|Piazza della Borsa]]<ref name=Sedi>[https://www.historytour.it/default.php?idp=g&idg=5&iddoc=109&tipodoc=articolo ''Borsa di Trieste - Le sedi'' sul sito Borsa Italiana]</ref>.
[[Image:WDR Archivhaus Köln.jpg|thumb|upright|One of WDR's buildings in Cologne]]
Con la [[Napoleone|conquista napoleonica]] nel 1811 la Borsa mercantile venne trasformata in Camera di Commercio di Trieste, ma con il ritorno degli [[Impero austriaco|austriaci]] nel 1814 venne ripristinata la Borsa mercantile<ref name=Istituzione>[https://www.historytour.it/default.php?idp=g&idg=5&iddoc=122&tipodoc=articolo ''Borsa di Trieste - L'istituzione'' sul sito Borsa Italiana]</ref>.
WDR was created in 1955, when [[Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk]] (NWDR) was split into [[Norddeutscher Rundfunk]] (NDR) – covering [[Lower Saxony]], Schleswig-Holstein, and Hamburg – and Westdeutscher Rundfunk, responsible for North Rhine-Westphalia. WDR began broadcasting on two radio networks (one produced jointly with NDR) on 1 January 1956. WDR constitutes the most prominent example of regional broadcasting in Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/10276/1/The_Structural_Developments_of_Regional_Television_in_Britain_and_German___.pdf |title=Potschka, Christian and Golding, Peter (2012) The structural developments of regional broadcasting in Britain and Germany. Media History 18(3-4): 443-458 |access-date=2014-12-02}}</ref>
==Funding==
Durante la prima metà dell'Ottocento vennero fondate a Trieste importanti società per azioni, i cui titoli venivano trattati in borsa: il [[Lloyd Austriaco]], le [[Assicurazioni Generali]], la [[Riunione Adriatica di Sicurtà]]<ref name=Mercato>[https://www.historytour.it/default.php?idp=g&idg=5&iddoc=121&tipodoc=articolo ''Borsa di Trieste - Il mercato'' sul sito Borsa Italiana]</ref>. Nel 1844 la borsa fu trasferita nel [[Palazzo del Tergesteo]], di recente costruzione.
WDR is in part funded by the limited sale of on-air commercial advertising time; however, its principal source of income is the revenue derived from viewer and listener [[television licence|licence fee]]s. As of 2015 the monthly fee due from each household for radio and television reception was €17.50.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rundfunkbeitrag.de/informationen/aktuelles/informationen_zur_beitragssenkung/index_ger.html |title=Der Rundfunkbeitrag - Informationen zur Beitragssenkung |access-date=2016-03-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304183427/http://www.rundfunkbeitrag.de/informationen/aktuelles/informationen_zur_beitragssenkung/index_ger.html |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> These fees are collected not directly by WDR but by a [[Beitragsservice von ARD, ZDF und Deutschlandradio|joint agency]] of [[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]] (and its member institutions), [[ZDF]], and [[Deutschlandradio]].
==Television==
La nascita della [[borsa valori]] viene talvolta fatta risalire al 1850<ref>Renzo Piccini, ''La borsa valori'', Milano, Giuffré, 1967, pag. 10</ref><ref>Giovanni Arneodo, ''Linee di storia delle borse valori'', Torino, Giappichelli, 1956, pag. 140</ref>, quando in tutto l'Impero austriaco vennero istituite le Camere di Commercio, regolamentate per legge: a Trieste fu trasformata in Camera di Commercio la vecchia Borsa.
{{unreferenced section|date=May 2018}}
Tuttavia, anche la Camera di Commercio era governata dal "Gremio dei Sensali", ovvero dall'organo di rappresentanza dei mediatori in merci, valute e noli<ref name=Istituzione/>.
WDR began its regional television service, Westdeutsches Fernsehen (WDF), on 17 December 1965. On 27 August 1967, when West Germany broadcast its first color TV program, WDF used a live broadcast originating from a Bosch [[outside broadcast]] van to start broadcasting in color. In 1988, the channel was renamed West 3; since 1994, it has been known as [[WDR Fernsehen]].
While the programmes are mainly run from their [[Cologne]] headquarters, they also have a number of sub-regional studios contributing to a regular broadcast called ''Lokalzeit'' with the opt-outs "aus Aachen" ([[Aachen]]), "OWL" ([[Bielefeld]]), "aus Bonn" ([[Bonn]]), "aus Dortmund" ([[Dortmund]]), "aus Düsseldorf" ([[Düsseldorf]]), "aus Duisburg" ([[Duisburg]]), "Ruhr" ([[Essen]]), "aus Köln" ([[Cologne]] and [[Bonn]]), "Münsterland" ([[Münster (Westfalen)|Münster]]), "Südwestfalen" ([[Siegen]]) and "Bergisches Land" ([[Wuppertal]]) for each respective region. WDR has its current affairs and regional politics studios in Düsseldorf.
Con l'annessione all'Italia dopo la [[prima guerra mondiale]] la Borsa di Trieste assunse le caratteristiche previste dalla legislazione italiana<ref name=Istituzione/> con la netta separazione fra [[borsa merci]] e [[borsa valori]]. Negli anni venti fu costruita la nuova sede della borsa, sempre in Piazza della Borsa<ref name=Sedi/>.
L'importanza della piazza triestina, tuttavia, incominciò a declinare.
In base alla legge del 1925 la Borsa di Trieste avrebbe dovuto avere dieci [[agente di cambio|agenti di cambio]], di fatto però il loro numero diminuì progressivamente<ref name=Mercato>[https://www.historytour.it/default.php?idp=g&idg=5&iddoc=121&tipodoc=articolo ''Borsa di Trieste - Il mercato'' sul sito Borsa Italiana]</ref>.
It has served as the production entity for shows on Das Erste, such as ''[[Verbotene Liebe]]'' ('Forbidden Love'), which, over the years, has introduced many young actors to the German audience, such as [[Andreas Stenschke]], [[Jo Weil]], Luca Zamperoni and Kay Böger. The ''[[Sportschau]]'' is produced for ARD in Cologne, and WDR contributes to [[ARD Digital]], ''3sat'' and ''arte''.
La Borsa di Trieste, come le altre borse cittadine italiane, fu chiusa nel 1997, quando il cosiddetto "decreto EuroSIM" (D. Lgs. 23 luglio 1996, n. 415) ne determinò la fusione nell'unica [[Borsa Italiana]].
==Radio==
{{unreferenced section|date=May 2018}}
[[File:Hallo-UE-Wagen-f065-b14-fotodrachen.de (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Hallo Ü-Wagen]] with [[Carmen Thomas]] in 1982]]
A long-running talk show on wheels was [[Hallo Ü-Wagen]], running from 1974 to 2010, begun by [[Carmen Thomas]].
WDR's main radio channels are available on FM and digital (DAB+), as well as via cable and satellite:
* [[1LIVE]] is a popular music channel modelled on [[BBC Radio 1]] and aimed at a young audience. Its schedules include such non-mainstream night-time programmes as "Heimatkult", focusing on pop music from Germany, and "Lauschangriff", a series of audio-books.
* [[WDR 2]], featuring adult-oriented popular music, focuses strongly on national and regional news, current affairs, and sport.
* WDR 3, the cultural channel, offers mostly classical, jazz and world music as well as [[radio drama]] and spoken-word features dealing with literature and the performing arts.
* WDR 4 (motto: ''Melodien für ein gutes Gefühl'', "Melodies for a good feeling") is a channel aimed chiefly towards an older audience. Its focus is on tuneful music – in particular, [[oldies]] and [[classic hits]]: popular music of the 1960s to the 1980s or later – with more specialized programming (operetta, country, folk) in the evenings. Around 30-40% of WDR 4's musical output is made up of [[German-language]] songs.
* WDR 5 features spoken-word programming with the focus on present-day culture and society. Between 6.05 and 9.45 each Monday to Saturday morning the channel offers news, background briefing, interviews, and correspondents' reports in a sequence entitled ''Morgenecho''. The main lunchtime and early-evening news and current affairs programmes ''Mittagsecho'' (at 13.05–14.00 on Mondays to Fridays and 13.30–14.30 on Sundays) and ''Echo des Tages'' (at 18.30–19.00 daily) are both co-productions with [[Norddeutscher Rundfunk]] (NDR) in [[Hamburg]]. Additionally, WDR 2's 30-minute round-up of the day's most important news reports, ''Berichte von heute'', is [[simulcast]] by WDR 5 on Monday to Friday evenings at 23.30. WDR 5 also carries children's programming from [[KiRaKa]] at 19.05–20.00 each evening as well as on Sundays at 7.05–8.00 and 14.05–15.00.
* Cosmo (earlier WDR 5 Funkhaus Europa – an offshoot of WDR 5 – and now a joint production of [[Radio Bremen]], [[Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg|RBB]], and WDR) is a channel principally aimed at serving immigrants and promoting integration. It features a wide selection of [[world music]]. It is not available over-the-air in every part of WDR's broadcasting area.
==See also==
* [[German television]]
* [[Public broadcasting]]
* [[Rockpalast]]
* [[Studio for Electronic Music (WDR)]]
* [[WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne]] (WDR Sinfonieorchester Köln)
* [[WDR Rundfunkorchester Köln]]
* [[WDR Rundfunkchor Köln]]
* [[WDR Computerclub]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons|Westdeutscher Rundfunk}}
* {{Official website|http://www.wdr.de}}
==Collegamenti esterni==
[https://www.soldionline.it/guide/mercati-finanziari/la-storia-delle-borse-valori-nel-mondo storia delle borse valori]
[http://siusa.archivi.beniculturali.it/cgi-bin/pagina.pl?TipoPag=prodente&Chiave=55898 OEG sul Sistema Archivistico Nazionale]
[https://www.giornalelavoce.it/tag/officine-elettriche-genovesi centrale idroelettrica di Molare]
[http://genova.erasuperba.it/ex-centrale-elettrica-canevari-progetto-riqualificazione centrale termoelettrica di via Canevari]
[http://www.storiaindustria.it/universita_ricerca/dwd/LaValPolceveraIndustrialeSviluppoDeclino.pdf val Polcevera]
[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/carlo-corsi_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ Carlo Corsi sul Dizionario biografico Treccani]
[https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1987/04/24/una-scatola-piena-di-fiat.html IFIL]
[http://www.linificio.it/storia Linificio] non cita i Borletti
[https://books.google.it/books?id=1oDVho6T2SEC&pg=PT11&lpg=PT11&dq=banca+del+tavoliere&source=bl&ots=G1KcVy2wma&sig=ACfU3U05rB-PiFrgb_7e03lRvwbQ0X_p_Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjA8NS7nJ_gAhWvsaQKHQajBS8Q6AEwBXoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=banca%20del%20tavoliere&f=false Banco del Tavoliere]
[https://books.google.it/books?id=9HJNAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR9&lpg=PR9&dq=banca+del+tavoliere&source=bl&ots=b7T7N-p8E8&sig=ACfU3U1psWyVe4E5eA_EP8iSwjdNh-HdBg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjA8NS7nJ_gAhWvsaQKHQajBS8Q6AEwBnoECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q=banca%20del%20tavoliere&f=false Banque du Tavoliere]
[https://books.google.it/books?id=7xv8SozwLhAC&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=banca+del+tavoliere&source=bl&ots=qeq976ldVE&sig=ACfU3U1NhMW9qnMRFilvjCRP3MY82trroA&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjA8NS7nJ_gAhWvsaQKHQajBS8Q6AEwCHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=banca%20del%20tavoliere&f=false Banca del Tavoliere di Puglia]
[https://books.google.it/books?id=d8paP0RRf8AC&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17&dq=banca+del+tavoliere&source=bl&ots=wB5o5sJjwX&sig=ACfU3U0coaXfjtjplPLcd8nCzohb2iramg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjA8NS7nJ_gAhWvsaQKHQajBS8Q6AEwB3oECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=banca%20del%20tavoliere&f=false Savarese e Doria]
[https://books.google.it/books?id=xGjRufVDh1kC&pg=PP5&lpg=PP5&dq=banca+del+tavoliere&source=bl&ots=4yZlR3TtHo&sig=ACfU3U1xCsETXEQv-xwmUVU-TILdYWe-lg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjA8NS7nJ_gAhWvsaQKHQajBS8Q6AEwA3oECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=banca%20del%20tavoliere&f=false Dragonetti]
[https://books.google.it/books?id=dGPoPzA_VfIC&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17&dq=banca+del+tavoliere&source=bl&ots=NA-R8Z9F5H&sig=ACfU3U36SXlLV5VW13llOvKcAEP2AFvwWg&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjA8NS7nJ_gAhWvsaQKHQajBS8Q6AEwAnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=banca%20del%20tavoliere&f=false atti]
[https://books.google.it/books?id=CArClM1Kt_YC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=banca+del+tavoliere&source=bl&ots=cFwSz4pev-&sig=ACfU3U1d9yee7eUz2BFBRZbFuYaOKt6miA&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjA8NS7nJ_gAhWvsaQKHQajBS8Q6AEwAXoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=banca%20del%20tavoliere&f=false vesuviana]
==Collegamenti esterni==
*[http://siusa.archivi.beniculturali.it/cgi-bin/pagina.pl?TipoPag=prodente&Chiave=39941 Sistema Archivistico Nazionale]
*[https://www.firenzepost.it/2014/01/04/la-fondiaria-sparisce-dal-listino-di-borsa/ ''La Fondiaria sparisce dal listino di borsa'']
*[https://tesi.luiss.it/8134/2/galeffi-sintesi-2012.pdf Federico Galeffi, ''Fondiaria-SAI: crisi e salvataggio di un grande gruppo assicurativo'']
<ref name=Landi>[wwwecon.unian.it/servizi/hpp/chiapparino/img/stfin2004/Presentazioni%202006/01%20-%20S.%20Landi,%20La%20crisi%20bancaria%20di%20fine%20800.doc S.Landi, ''La crisi bancaria di fine 800'']</ref>.
*[wwwecon.unian.it sito]
== Storia ==
===La ''Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft''===
Historiquement, les origines de la structure de l'ARD remontent aux débuts de la radio en Allemagne dans les années 1920, où il fut créé des diffuseurs individuels pour la [[Prusse]], la [[État libre de Saxe|Saxe]], la [[Bavière]] et le [[Wurtemberg]], organisés dans une société d'État, la ''Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft'' (Société de Radiodiffusion du Reich).
En 1933, les [[Nazis]] cassent cette structure et centralisent tout à Berlin.
La Großdeutscher Rundfunk trouve son origine dans la politique de [[radiodiffusion]] de la [[République de Weimar]]. La radiodiffusion est initialement assurée par neuf sociétés régionales, fondées en 1923 et 1924, et regroupées, en 1925, au sein de la Société de radiodiffusion du Reich (Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft ou RRG).
Sur la base de la « deuxième ordonnance de Weimar pour la radiodiffusion » de [[1932]], qui abroge la première ordonnance de 1925 -1926, la radiodiffusion de la [[République de Weimar]] est centralisée et étatisée. À partir de juillet [[1932]], des actions des neuf sociétés existantes, fondées en [[1923]] et [[1924]], sont reprises par l'État. De plus, un émetteur d'Allemagne (« ''Deutschlandsender'' »), appartenant à une compagnie commerciale (à partir de 1933, la Deutschlandsender GmbH), opère à partir de 1926 sur [[Onde longue|ondes longues]] ; il est chargé de retransmettre dans tout le pays une sélection représentative de programmes des stations régionales. Deux autres stations de l'émetteur d'Allemagne (Deutschlandsender II et III) sont mises en service en 1927 et 1939.
Après la prise de pouvoir des nazis en [[1933]], la radio devient une véritable affaire d'État au sens propre du terme. Très tôt, les [[parti nazi|nazis]] voient en elle un instrument central de propagande politique et la subordonnent donc au [[Ministère du Reich à l'Éducation du peuple et à la Propagande|ministère de la Propagande du Reich]] de [[Joseph Goebbels]]. Mi-1933, [[Eugen Hadamovsky]], jusqu'alors directeur des émissions de l'émetteur d'Allemagne est nommé directeur du RRG et directeur des émissions du Reich.
La RRG est renforcée, ses membres, les sociétés de radiodiffusion autonomes sont dissoutes et transformées en « émetteurs du Reich » à partir du {{date|1|avril|1935}}. Le territoire de l'[[Allemagne]] ''(Altreich)'' est couvert par dix stations : [[Berlin]], [[Leipzig]], [[Wrocław|Breslau]], [[Königsberg]], [[Hambourg]], [[Cologne]], [[Francfort-sur-le-Main]], [[Sarrebruck]], [[Stuttgart]] et [[Munich]]. Après l’[[Anschluss|annexion de l’Autriche]], en [[1938]], s’y ajoute l’émetteur de [[Vienne (Autriche)|Vienne]].
=== La ''Großdeutscher Rundfunk'' ===
À l’initiative de Joseph Goebbels, le {{date|1|janvier|1939}}, la Reichsrundfunk (RRF) reçoit une nouvelle dénomination, la Großdeutscher Rundfunk (radio de la [[Grande Allemagne]]). Elle émet à partir de juin [[1940]] deux programmes d’orientation [[nazisme|nationale-socialiste]] pour l’ensemble du territoire du [[troisième Reich]].
===Televisione===
Negli anni cinquanta la Rai costruì la serie di grandi trasmettitori televisivi: [[Centro trasmittente di Monte Penice|Monte Penice]], [[Monte di Portofino]], [[Monte Peglia]] e [[Centro trasmittente di Monte Serra|Monte Serra]] nel 1953, [[Monte Venda]] nel 1954, [[Monte Faito]] nel 1955; nel 1956 la rete venne completata con gli impianti di [[Monte Argentario]], [[Monte Conero]], [[Monte Nerone]], [[Centro trasmittente di Monte Vergine|Monte Vergine]], [[Monte Caccia]], [[Centro trasmittente di Monte Sambuco|Monte Sambuco]], [[Monte Scuro]], [[Gambarie]], [[Monte Pellegrino]], [[Monte Soro]], [[Centro trasmittente di Monte Limbara|Monte Limbara]] e [[Centro trasmittente di Punta Badde Urbara|Punta Badde Urbara]]<ref name=Annuario1988/>.
via Teulada
Nascita filodiffusione
abbonamenti
==Note==
{{Reflist|33em}}
==Collegamenti esterni==
* [https://www.discogs.com/it/artist/1229932-Orchestra-Sinfonica-Di-Milano-Della-RAI sinfonica rai milano]
* [https://rateyourmusic.com/artist/orchestra-lirica-di-milano-della-rai lirica rai milano]
* [https://rateyourmusic.com/artist/orchestra-lirica-di-milano-della-rai eiar di milano]
== Note ==
<references/>
== Bibliografia ==
* Rudolf Stöber, ''Deutsche Pressegeschichte. Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart'', 2^ ed. ampliata, Costanza, UVK-Verlags-Gesellschaft, 2005, ISBN 3-8252-2716-2.
== Voci collegate ==
* [[Agence France-Presse]]
* [[Charles-Louis Havas]]
* [[Havas|Groupe Havas]]
==Note==
<references/>
*[[Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:#6B8E23">Lele Giannoni</span>]]
==Collegamenti esterni==
*[[Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:OliveDrab">Lele Giannoni</span>]]
[http://www.assocom.org/ sito ufficiale]
== Bibliografia ==
* {{cita libro |nome=José António |cognome=Madeira |titolo=O primeiro centenário do Observatório Astronómico de Lisboa, 1861-1961 |anno=1962 |lingua=Portoghese |luogo=Lisbona}}
* {{cita articolo|titolo=Observatorio Astronomico de Lisboa |editore=Arquitectura |numero=135 |data=1° ottobre 1974 |lingua=Portoghese |luogo=Lisbona}}
* {{cita articolo|autore=DREL |articolo=Observatório Astronómico de Lisboa |titolo=Monumentos |numero=14 |editore=DGEMN |luogo=Lisbona |data=1° marzo 2001 |pagina=143 |lingua=Portoghese}}
*[[Discussione Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:#FFA257">discussione</span>]]
== Voci collegate ==
*[[Discussione Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:Goldenrod">discussione</span>]]
* [[Nacfa eritreo]]
*[[Discussione Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:#B8860B">discussione</span>]]
*[[Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:#4682B4">Lele Giannoni</span>]]
== Collegamenti esterni ==
*[[Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:#4169E1">Lele Giannoni</span>]]
* {{en}}
*[[Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:#0000CD">Lele Giannoni</span>]]
*[[Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:#000099">Lele Giannoni</span>]]
*[[Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:#001100">Lele Giannoni</span>]]
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