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{{short description|Electrical or optical connectors for carrying audio and video signals}}
{{
'''Audio connectors''' and '''video connectors''' are [[electrical connector|electrical]] or [[optical fiber connector|optical connectors]] for carrying [[audio signal|audio]] or [[video signal]]s. '''Audio interfaces''' or '''video interfaces''' define physical parameters and interpretation of signals. Some connectors and interfaces carry either audio only or video only, whereas others carry both, [[Audiovisual|audio and video]].
For [[digital audio]] and [[digital video]], this can be thought of as defining the [[physical layer]], [[data link layer]], and most or all of the [[application layer]]. For [[analog audio]] and [[analog video]] these functions are all represented in a single signal specification like [[NTSC]] or the direct [[Loudspeaker|speaker]]-driving signal of analog audio. Physical characteristics of the electrical or optical equipment include the types and numbers of wires required, voltages, frequencies, optical intensity, and the physical design of the connectors. Any data link layer details define how application data is encapsulated (for example for [[synchronization]] or [[error-correction]]). Application layer details define the actual audio or video format being transmitted, often incorporating [[codec]]s not specific to the interface, such as [[PCM]], [[MPEG-2]], or the [[DTS Coherent Acoustics codec]]. In some cases, the application layer is left open; for example, [[HDMI]] contains an [[Ethernet]] channel for general data transmission.
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| rowspan=5| '''Audio only'''
| rowspan=2 |'''Analog'''
| Often unmarked on consumer audio equipment since it is so common, or labelled with [[headphones]] symbol or as "line out". Computers and other equipment sometimes use [[
| [[Phone connector (audio)|3.5 mm TRS minijack]]
|-
| [[Balanced audio]]
| 6.35 mm [[Phone connector (audio)|TRS audio jack]] (shielded twisted pair),<br/>[[XLR connector|XLR]] (shielded twisted pair)
|-
| rowspan=3 |'''Digital'''
| [[S/PDIF]] (Sony/Philips Digital Interconnect Format). Via coaxial or optical cables.
| [[RCA
|-
| [[AES3]] (also known as AES/EBU)
| [[RCA
|-
| [[MADI]]
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| [[Mini-DIN connector|Mini-DIN]] 4-pin
|-
| [[Component
| 3 [[RCA
|-
| [[Composite Video|Composite]], [[S-Video]], and [[Component
| [[Video In Video Out|VIVO]] = [[Mini-DIN connector|Mini-DIN]] 9-pin with breakout cable.
|-
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|-
| rowspan=4 |'''Digital'''
| [[High-Definition Multimedia Interface]] (HDMI), BNC
| HDMI connector
|-
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=== S/PDIF ===
Note that there are no differences in the signals transmitted over optical or coaxial [[S/PDIF]] connectors—both carry exactly the same information. Selection of one over the other rests mainly on the availability of appropriate connectors on the chosen equipment and the preference and convenience of the user. Connections longer than 6 meters or so, or those requiring tight bends, should use coaxial cable, since the high light signal attenuation of [[TOSLINK]] cables limits its effective range.
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=== DisplayPort ===
[[File:DisplayPort Connector.svg|left|200px|
[[DisplayPort]] is a digital display interface standard (approved May 2006, current version 1.4 published on March 1, 2016). It defines a new license-free, royalty-free, digital audio/video interconnect, intended to be used primarily between a computer and its display monitor, or a computer and a home-theater system.
The video signal is not compatible with [[Digital Visual Interface|DVI]] or [[High-Definition Multimedia Interface|HDMI]], but a DisplayPort connector can pass these signals through. DisplayPort is a competitor to the HDMI connector, the [[de facto]] digital connection for high-definition consumer electronics devices.
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* [[Fahnestock clip]]s on early [[breadboard]] radio receivers.
* [[Euroblock]] "European-style terminal block" or "Phoenix connectors", screw terminal connectors used for audio and control signals
* [[DIN connector|DIN]] connectors and [[mini-DIN]] connectors
* [[Euroblock]] "European-style terminal block" or "Phoenix connectors", screw terminal connectors used for audio and control signals * [[ADAT]] interface (DB25)
* [[AES/EBU]] interface, normally with [[XLR connector]] === Phone connector ===
{{Main|Phone connector (audio)}}
[[File:Photo-audiojacks.jpg|thumb|left|150px|2.5
A [[Phone connector (audio)|phone connector]] (tip, ring, sleeve) also called an audio jack, phone plug, jack plug, stereo plug, mini-jack, or mini-stereo. This includes the original 6.
{{clear left}}
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* [[TV Aerial Plug|PAL connector]], common in [[Europe]] as an antenna connector
* [[S-Video]] (1 [[Mini-DIN]])
* [[Serial
* [[VGA connector]] A type of [[D-sub]] connector standard on most video cards
* [[Mini-VGA]] Found on some laptop computers
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VIVO is found predominantly on high-end [[ATI Technologies|ATI]] video cards, although a few high-end [[NVIDIA]] video cards also have this port. VIVO on these graphics cards typically supports [[Composite Video|Composite]], [[S-Video]], and [[Component video|Component]] as outputs, and composite and S-Video as inputs. Many other video cards only support component and/or S-Video outputs to complement [[Video Graphics Array]] or [[Digital Visual Interface|DVI]], typically using a component breakout cable and an S-Video cable.
{{clear
=== DVI Connector ===
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|rowspan=3 align=center |analogue audio, left channel;<br> also [[Monaural|mono]] (RCA/TS), [[stereophonic|stereo]] (TRS only),<br> or undefined/other
|-
|style=
|black RCA/TS/TRS
|-
|style=
|grey RCA/TS/TRS
|-
|style=
|red RCA/TS
| analogue audio, right channel
|-
|style=
|orange RCA
| [[S/PDIF]] digital audio
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:{| class=wikitable
|-
|style=
|green TRS 3.5 mm
| stereo output, front channels
|-
|style=
|black TRS 3.5 mm
|stereo output, rear channels
|-
|style=
|grey TRS 3.5 mm
| stereo output, side channels
|-
|style=
|gold TRS 3.5 mm
| dual output, center and [[subwoofer]]
|-
|style=
|blue TRS 3.5 mm
| stereo input, [[line level]]
|-
|style=
|pink TRS† 3.5 mm
| mono [[microphone]] input
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Older [[sound card]]s had no common standard color codes until after [[PC System Design Guide#PC 99|PC 99]]. The [[PC System Design Guide]] (also known as the PC 97, PC 98, PC 99, or PC 2001 specification) is a series of hardware design requirements and recommendations for IBM PC compatible personal computers, compiled by Microsoft and Intel Corporation during 1997–2001. PC 99 introduced a color code for the various standard types of plugs and connectors used on PCs.
The color codes for audio plugs follow:<ref>
:{| class=wikitable
|-
! [[Pink]] / 701C
| Analog [[microphone]] audio input (†mono or stereo).
|-
! Light [[blue]] / 284C
|
|-
! [[Lime (color)|Lime green]] / 577C
| Analog line level audio output.
|-
! [[Orange (colour)|Orange]] / 157C
| Analog audio output for the center speaker and [[Subwoofer]]
|-
|
|-
! [[Gold (color)|Gold]] / 131C
| [[Musical Instrument Digital Interface|MIDI]]/game
|}
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:{| class=wikitable
|-
|style=
|yellow RCA/BNC
| composite video
|-
|style=
|red RCA/BNC
| red or Pr/Cr chrominance
|-
|style=
|green RCA/BNC
| green or luminance
|-
|style=
|blue RCA/BNC
| blue or Pb/Cb chrominance
|-
|style=
|white BNC
| horizontal sync
|-
|style=
|black BNC
| vertical sync
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==See also==
* [[Audio interface]]
* [[:Category:Telecommunications standards]]
* [[Computer port (hardware)]]
* [[Speaker wire]]
* [[Speakon connector]]s
* [[Video interface]]
* [[Y-cable]]
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