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{{Short description|Unicode block}}
{{hatnote|For the meanings of these symbols, see [[List of letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering]]}}
{{Infobox Unicode block
|rangestart = 1D400
Line 9 ⟶ 10:
|4_1 = 2
|5_0 = 2
|note = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/ucd/|title=Unicode character database|work=The Unicode Standard|accessdate=
}}
{{Special characters}}
'''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols''' is a [[Unicode block]] comprising styled forms of [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] and [[Greek alphabet|Greek]] letters and decimal [[numerical digit|digits]] that enable mathematicians to denote different notions with different letter styles. The letters in various fonts often have specific, fixed meanings in particular areas of mathematics. By providing uniformity over numerous mathematical articles and books, these conventions help to read mathematical formulas. These also may be used to differentiate between concepts that share a letter in a single problem.
[[Unicode]] now includes many such symbols (in the range U+1D400–U+1D7FF).
Unicode expressly recommends that these characters not be used in general text as a substitute for [[markup language|presentational markup]];<ref>{{cite book | title = The Unicode Standard, Version 13.0 | chapter = 22.2 Letterlike Symbols | publisher = Unicode, Inc | date = March 2020 | ___location = Mountain View, CA | url = https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/ch22.pdf#G15993}}</ref> the letters are specifically designed to be semantically different from each other. Unicode does
All these letter shapes may be manipulated with [[MathML]]'s attribute mathvariant.
Line 24 ⟶ 26:
==Tables of styled letters and digits==
These tables show all styled forms of Latin and Greek letters, symbols and digits in the Unicode Standard, with the normal unstyled forms of these characters shown with a cyan background (the basic unstyled letters may be serif or sans-serif depending upon the font). The styled characters are mostly located in the Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block, but the 24 characters in cells with a pink background are located in the [[letterlike symbols (Unicode block)|letterlike symbols]] block, for example, ℛ ({{smallcaps|{{lc:SCRIPT CAPITAL R}}}}) is at U+211B rather than the expected U+1D4AD which is reserved. In the code charts for the Unicode Standard, the reserved code points corresponding to the pink cell are annotated with the name and code point of the correct character.<ref name=":0">[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D400.pdf Unicode code chart U1D400 (PDF)]</ref> There are a few characters which have names that suggest that they should belong in the tables below, but in fact do not because their official character names are misnomers:
* {{unichar|2113|SCRIPT SMALL L|nlink=}}; "despite its character name, this symbol is derived from a special italicized version of the small letter l".<ref>{{cite web |title="Letterlike Symbols", ''The Unicode Standard, Version 16.0 - U2100''|url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2100.pdf#page=3|publisher=Unicode Consortium |accessdate=2024-10-13}}</ref> It has various other specialized uses, such as a [[liter symbol]] and as the [[azimuthal quantum number]] symbol.
* {{unichar|2118|SCRIPT CAPITAL P|nlink=}} is a [[Weierstrass elliptic function#Typography|symbol for Weierstrass's elliptic function]].<ref>
{{cite web |
url=http://unicode.org/notes/tn27/ |
Line 33 ⟶ 36:
date=2006-05-08 |
accessdate=2011-06-11
}}</ref> It is officially aliased as {{unichar|2118|alias=yes}}.
===Latin letters===
The Unicode values of the characters in the tables below, except those shown with {{Font color||pink|pink
{{anchor|Latin capital letters}}
{|
|+ style="font-size: 75%;" | Latin capital letters
|- style="font-size: 50%"
! rowspan="2" |
Line 50 ⟶ 54:
|- style="font-size: 50%"
! style="width:4em" title="LaTeX: \mathrm" | Normal
! style="width:4em" title="LaTeX: \mathbf" | [[Emphasis (typography)|Bold]]
! style="width:4em" title="LaTeX: \mathit" | [[italic type|Italic]]
! style="width:4em" title="LaTeX: \bm (with bm package)" | Bold<br/>italic
Line 497 ⟶ 501:
|}
{{anchor|Latin small letters}}
{| class="
|+ style="font-size: 75%;" |
|- style="font-size: 50%"
! rowspan="2" |
Line 510 ⟶ 514:
|- style="font-size: 50%"
! style="width:4em" title="LaTeX: \mathrm" | Normal
! style="width:4em" title="LaTeX: \mathbf" | [[Emphasis (typography)|Bold]]
! style="width:4em" title="LaTeX: \mathit" | [[italic type|Italic]]
! style="width:4em" title="LaTeX: \bm (with bm package)" | Bold<br/>italic
Line 958 ⟶ 962:
! –
| title="U+0131: LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I" style="font-family:serif; background:aqua" | ı
| {{N/A|
| title="U+1D6A4: MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL DOTLESS I" | 𝚤
| colspan="11" {{N/A|
|-
! –
| title="U+0237: LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J" style="font-family:serif; background:aqua" | ȷ
| {{N/A|
| title="U+1D6A5: MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL DOTLESS J" | 𝚥
| colspan="11" {{N/A|
|}
Line 972 ⟶ 976:
The Unicode values of the characters in the tables below, except those shown with {{Font color||yellow|yellow backgrounds}} or index values of '–', are obtained by adding the base values from the "U+" header row to the index values in the left column (both values are hexadecimal).
{{anchor|Greek capital letters}}
{|
|+ style="font-size: 75%;" | Greek capital letters
|- style="font-size: 50%"
!
Line 1,198 ⟶ 1,203:
| title="U+1D76F: MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD NABLA" | 𝝯
| title="U+1D7A9: MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC NABLA" | 𝞩
|-
! –
| style="font-family:serif; background:aqua" title="U+03DC: GREEK LETTER DIGAMMA" | Ϝ
| title="U+1D7CA: MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL DIGAMMA" | 𝟊
| colspan="4" {{N/A| }}
|}
{{anchor|Greek small letters}}
{| class="
|+ style="font-size: 75%;" |
|- style="font-size: 50%"
!
Line 1,475 ⟶ 1,485:
| title="U+1D78F: MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD PI SYMBOL" | 𝞏
| title="U+1D7C9: MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC PI SYMBOL" | 𝟉
|-
! –
| style="font-family:serif; background:aqua" title="U+03DD: GREEK SMALL LETTER DIGAMMA" | ϝ
| title="U+1D7CB: MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL DIGAMMA" | 𝟋
| colspan="4" {{N/A|
|}
Line 1,490 ⟶ 1,495:
The Unicode values of the characters in the tables below are obtained by adding the hexadecimal base values from the "U+" header row to the index values in the left column.
{| class="
|- style="font-size: 50%"
!
Line 1,587 ⟶ 1,592:
| title="U+1D7F5: MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT NINE" | 𝟵
| title="U+1D7FF: MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT NINE" | 𝟿
|}
===Glyph variants===
[[Variation selectors]] may be used to specify [[Chancery hand|chancery]] (U+FE00) vs [[roundhand]] (U+FE01) forms, if a [[computer font]] is available that supports them:
{| class="wikitable notatypo sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Code point !! Plain !! class="unsortable"|FE00 !! class="unsortable"|FE01
|-
|U+1D49C || 𝒜 || 𝒜︀|| 𝒜︁
|- style="background: pink"
|U+212C || ℬ || ℬ︀|| ℬ︁
|-
|U+1D49E || 𝒞 || 𝒞︀|| 𝒞︁
|-
|U+1D49F || 𝒟 || 𝒟︀|| 𝒟︁
|- style="background: pink"
|U+2130 || ℰ || ℰ︀|| ℰ︁
|- style="background: pink"
|U+2131 || ℱ || ℱ︀|| ℱ︁
|-
|U+1D4A2 || 𝒢 || 𝒢︀|| 𝒢︁
|- style="background: pink"
|U+210B || ℋ || ℋ︀|| ℋ︁
|- style="background: pink"
|U+2110 || ℐ || ℐ︀|| ℐ︁
|-
|U+1D4A5 || 𝒥 || 𝒥︀|| 𝒥︁
|-
|U+1D4A6 || 𝒦 || 𝒦︀|| 𝒦︁
|- style="background: pink"
|U+2112 || ℒ || ℒ︀|| ℒ︁
|- style="background: pink"
|U+2133 || ℳ || ℳ︀|| ℳ︁
|-
|U+1D4A9 || 𝒩 || 𝒩︀|| 𝒩︁
|-
|U+1D4AA || 𝒪 || 𝒪︀|| 𝒪︁
|-
|U+1D4AB || 𝒫 || 𝒫︀|| 𝒫︁
|-
|U+1D4AC || 𝒬 || 𝒬︀|| 𝒬︁
|- style="background: pink"
|U+211B || ℛ || ℛ︀|| ℛ︁
|-
|U+1D4AE || 𝒮 || 𝒮︀|| 𝒮︁
|-
|U+1D4AF || 𝒯 || 𝒯︀|| 𝒯︁
|-
|U+1D4B0 || 𝒰 || 𝒰︀|| 𝒰︁
|-
|U+1D4B1 || 𝒱 || 𝒱︀|| 𝒱︁
|-
|U+1D4B2 || 𝒲 || 𝒲︀|| 𝒲︁
|-
|U+1D4B3 || 𝒳 || 𝒳︀|| 𝒳︁
|-
|U+1D4B4 || 𝒴 || 𝒴︀|| 𝒴︁
|-
|U+1D4B5 || 𝒵 || 𝒵︀|| 𝒵︁
|}
Line 1,596 ⟶ 1,661:
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block:
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable notatypo collapsible sticky-header"
|-
! [[Unicode#Versions|Version]] !! {{nobr|Final code points<ref group=lower-alpha name=final/>}} !! Count !! [[International Committee for Information Technology Standards|L2]] ID !! [[ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2|WG2]] ID !! Document
|-
| rowspan="34" | 3.1 || rowspan="34" width="180" | U+1D400..1D454, 1D456..1D49C, 1D49E..1D49F, 1D4A2, 1D4A5..1D4A6, 1D4A9..1D4AC, 1D4AE..1D4B9, 1D4BB, 1D4BD..1D4C0, 1D4C2..1D4C3, 1D4C5..1D505, 1D507..1D50A, 1D50D..1D514, 1D516..1D51C, 1D51E..1D539, 1D53B..1D53E, 1D540..1D544, 1D546, 1D54A..1D550, 1D552..1D6A3, 1D6A8..1D7C9, 1D7CE..1D7FF || rowspan="34" | 991 || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98405.htm L2/98-405]}} || || {{Citation|title=Proposal to encode additional mathematical and technical symbols in ISO/IEC 10646|date=1998-12-01|first1=Barbara|last1=Beeton|first2=Patrick|last2=Ion|author-link2=Patrick Ion|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98406.htm L2/98-406]}} || || {{Citation|title=Proposal to encode mathematical variant tags|date=1998-12-01|first=Murray|last=Sargent|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/99049.pdf L2/99-049]}} || || {{Citation|title=Addendum to L2/98-405: Request for assignment of codes to mathematical and technical symbols|date=1999-01-22|first=Barbara|last=Beeton|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/99045.pdf L2/99-045]}} || || {{Citation|title=Proposal to encode mathematical alphanumeric symbols|date=1999-02-04|first1=Murray|last1=Sargent|first2=Barbara|last2=Beeton|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98419.pdf L2/98-419 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98419.doc doc]) || || {{Citation|title=Approved Minutes -- UTC #78 & NCITS Subgroup L2 # 175 Joint Meeting, San Jose, CA -- December 1-4, 1998|date=1999-02-05|first=Joan|last=Aliprand|ref=none|section=Mathematical Symbols}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/99188.htm L2/99-188]}} || || {{Citation|title=Proposal to encode mathematical alphanumeric symbols|date=1999-06-09|first1=Barbara|last1=Beeton|first2=Murray|last2=Sargent|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/99176.htm L2/99-176R]}} || || {{Citation|title=Minutes from the joint UTC/L2 meeting in Seattle, June 8-10, 1999|date=1999-11-04|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=Math }}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/mathalph.pdf L2/99-199]}} || || {{Citation|title=Math Alphabets|date=1999-06-14|first=Asmus|last=Freytag|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/99054r.htm L2/99-054R]}} || || {{Citation|title=Approved Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting in Palo Alto, February 3-5, 1999|date=1999-06-21|first=Joan|last=Aliprand|ref=none|section=Math Variants}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/99195.htm L2/99-195]}} || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2086.htm N2086 (html],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2086.doc doc]) || {{Citation|title=Proposal to encode mathematical alphanumeric symbols|date=1999-09-02|first1=Murray|last1=Sargent|first2=Barbara|last2=Beeton|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00010-n2103.pdf L2/00-010]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2103.pdf N2103] || {{Citation|title=Minutes of WG 2 meeting 37, Copenhagen, Denmark: 1999-09-
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00002-math.pdf L2/00-002]}} || || {{Citation|title=Request for assignment of codes to mathematical and technical symbols that do not appear in Unicode 2.0 or ISO/IEC 10646|date=2000-01-09|first=Barbara|last=Beeton|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00005.htm L2/00-005R2]}} || || {{Citation|title=Minutes of UTC #82 in San Jose|date=2000-02-14|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=Motion 82-M4}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00074-n2168.pdf L2/00-074]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2168.doc N2168] || {{Citation|title=Comments on "Math Alphanumeric" characters for 10646-2|date=2000-03-02|first=Kent|last=Karlsson|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00094-n2191.pdf L2/00-094]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2191.pdf N2191] || {{Citation|title=Proposal for Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in the BMP|date=2000-03-14|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00119-math.pdf L2/00-119]<ref group=lower-alpha name=mathdocs/>}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2191.pdf N2191R] || {{Citation|title=Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode|date=2000-04-19|first1=Ken|last1=Whistler|first2=Asmus|last2=Freytag|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00239-Mathematical%20Letter%20Symbols.txt L2/00-239]}} || || {{Citation|title=Mathematical Letter Symbols|date=2000-07-07|first=Mark|last=Davis|author-link=Mark Davis (Unicode)|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00240-Mathematical%20Letter%20Symbols.txt L2/00-240]}} || || {{Citation|title=Re: Mathematical Letter Symbols|date=2000-07-07|first=Ken|last=Whistler|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00234-n2203m.pdf L2/00-234]}} || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2203.rtf N2203 (rtf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2203.txt txt]) || {{Citation|title=Minutes from the SC2/WG2 meeting in Beijing, 2000-03-21 -- 24|date=2000-07-21|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|ref=none|section=8.18}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00249-kent-math.htm L2/00-249]}} || || {{Citation|title=Re: UTC Agenda item: Mathematical Letter Symbols|date=2000-08-03|first=Kent|last=Karlsson|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00250-mark-math.txt L2/00-250]}} || || {{Citation|title=Re: UTC Agenda item: Mathematical Letter Symbols|date=2000-08-03|first=Mark|last=Davis|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00251-ken-math.txt L2/00-251]}} || || {{Citation|title=Re: UTC Agenda item: Mathematical Letter Symbols|date=2000-08-03|first=Ken|last=Whistler|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00115.htm L2/00-115R2]}} || || {{Citation|title=Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83|date=2000-08-08|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=Motion 83-M11}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00271-math.txt L2/00-271]}} || || {{Citation|title=A Few Remarks Concerning the Math Alphanumerics|date=2000-08-11|first=Murray|last=Sargent|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00280-MathML-challenge.txt L2/00-280]}} || || {{Citation|title=Math alphanumerics and MathML: A challenge|date=2000-08-22|first=Ken|last=Whistler|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00187.htm L2/00-187]}} || || {{Citation|title=UTC minutes -- Boston, August 8-11, 2000|date=2000-08-23|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=Math Alphanumeric Characters}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00336-n2272.pdf L2/00-336]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2272.pdf N2272] || {{Citation|title=On the requirements for alphanumeric fonts for mathematical use|date=2000-09-15|first=Asmus|last=Freytag|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01050-n2353.pdf L2/01-050]}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2253.pdf N2253] || {{Citation|title=Minutes of the SC2/WG2 meeting in Athens, September 2000|date=2001-01-21|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|ref=none|section=8.1 Disposition of ballot comments on FCD 10646-2}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02366-nt-letterlike.pdf L2/02-366]}} || || {{Citation|title=Proposal to encode two Letterlike Symbols in the UCS|date=2002-11-07|first=Maria|last=Pantelia|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02345.htm L2/02-345]}} || || {{Citation|title=UTC #93 Minutes|date=2002-11-18|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=Consensus 93-C18}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20275r-math-calligraphic.pdf L2/20-275R]}} || || {{Citation|title=Proposed variation sequences for math calligraphic letters|date=2021-01-05|first=Murray|last=Sargent|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20281-math-script-styles.pdf L2/20-281]}} || || {{Citation|title=Recent evolution of math alphabetic calligraphic script style|date=2020-11-10|first=John|last=Hudson|ref=none}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21016r-script-adhoc-rept.pdf L2/21-016R]}} || || {{Citation|title=Recommendations to UTC #166 January 2021 on Script Proposals|date=2021-01-14|first1=Deborah|last1=Anderson|first2=Ken|last2=Whistler|first3=Roozbeh|last3=Pournader|first4=Lisa|last4=Moore|first5=Hai|last5=Liang|ref=none|section=25 Math Calligraphic Alphabets}}
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21009.htm L2/21-009]}} || || {{Citation|title=UTC #166 Minutes|date=2021-01-27|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=Consensus 166-C33|quote=The UTC accepts 52 variation sequences to distinguish roundhand and chancery style mathematical script alphabetic characters}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02372-n2453-minutes.pdf L2/02-372]}} || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2453.pdf N2453 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2453.doc doc]) || {{Citation|title=Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 42|date=2002-10-30|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|ref=none|section=12.2 Mathematical script - SMALL L}}
|-
| 4.1 |
|-
| rowspan="2" | 5.0 || rowspan="2
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04410-math.pdf L2/04-410]}} || || {{Citation|title=Twenty six mathematical characters|date=2004-11-18|first=Asmus|last=Freytag|ref=none}}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="6" | {{reflist|group=lower-alpha|refs=
Line 1,684 ⟶ 1,750:
==See also==
* [[Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering]]
* [[List of mathematical uses of Latin letters]]
* [[Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode]]
*
* [[Mathematical notation]]
* [[Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement]] for outlined Latin glyphs and numerals
==
{{reflist}}
{{Mathematical symbols notation language}}
{{Unicode navigation}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols}}
[[Category:Mathematical notation]]
[[Category:Unicode blocks]]
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