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{{Infobox OS version

| name = Android Jelly Bean

| version of = [[Android (operating system)|Android]]

| logo =

| logo_size =

| screenshot = Android 4.2 on the Nexus 4.png

| screenshot_size = 250px

| caption = Android 4.2 Jelly Bean running on a [[Nexus 4]]

| developer = [[Google]]

| first_release_date = {{Start date and age|2012|07|13}}

| first_release_url = http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html

| release_version = 4.3.1 (JLS36I)

| release_date = {{Release date and age|2013|10|07}}

| release_url = http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-4.3.1-update-surprises-Nexus-7-2013-owners-rolling-out-now_id47971

| preceded_by = [[Android Ice Cream Sandwich|Android 4.0.4 "Ice Cream Sandwich"]]

| succeeded_by = [[Android KitKat|Android 4.4 "KitKat"]]

| website = {{Official URL}}

| support_status = Unsupported, limited third-party app support only<br>Still supported by [[Google Play Services]]

}}

'''Android "Jelly Bean"''' is the tenth version of Android and the codename given to three major [[point release]]s of the [[Android (operating system)|Android]] mobile operating system developed by [[Google]], spanning versions between 4.1 and 4.3.1. Some operating systems that run Android 4.3/4.4 are Asus Nexus 7 (2013).

The first of these three, 4.1, was unveiled at Google's [[Google I/O|I/O]] developer conference in June 2012, focusing on performance improvements designed to give the operating system a smoother and more responsive feel, improvements to the notification system allowing for "expandable" notifications with action buttons, and other internal changes. Two more releases were made under the Jelly Bean name in October 2012 and July 2013 respectively, including 4.2—which included further optimizations, multi-user support for tablets, [[lock screen]] widgets, quick settings, and screen savers, and 4.3—contained further improvements and updates to the underlying Android platform.

Jelly Bean versions are no longer supported by Google. {{As of|2019|5}}, statistics issued by Google indicate that 3.2% of all Android devices accessing Google Play run Jelly Bean.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Dashboards {{!}} Android Developers|url = http://developer.android.com/about/dashboards/index.html|website = developer.android.com|accessdate = August 1, 2018}}</ref>

== Development ==

Android 4.1 Jelly Bean was first unveiled at the [[Google I/O]] developer conference on June 27, 2012, with a focus on "delightful" improvements to the platform's user interface, along with improvements to Google's [[Google Search|search]] experience on the platform (such as [[Knowledge Graph]] integration, and the new digital assistant [[Google Now]]), the unveiling of the [[Asus]]-produced [[Nexus 7 (2012 version)|Nexus 7]] [[tablet computer|tablet]], and the unveiling of the [[Nexus Q]] media player.<ref name="ars-jellybeanunveil" />

For Jelly Bean, work was made on optimizing the operating system's visual performance and responsiveness through a series of changes referred to as "Project Butter": graphical output is now [[Multiple buffering|triple buffered]], [[Screen tearing|vsync]] is used across all drawing operations, and the CPU is brought to full power when touch input is detected—preventing the lag associated with inputs made while the processor is in a low-power state. These changes allow the operating system to run at a full 60 [[frames per second]] on capable hardware.<ref name="ars-jellybeanunveil">{{cite web|title=Android 4.1 Jelly Bean: faster, smoother, more delightful|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/06/android-4-1-jelly-bean-faster-smoother-more-delightful/|website=Ars Technica|accessdate=July 2, 2014}}</ref><ref name="tr-41review">{{cite web |url=http://www.techradar.com/reviews/pc-mac/software/operating-systems/android-4-1-jelly-bean-1087230/review/ |title=Android 4.1: Jelly Bean review |last=Bookwalter |first=J.R. |date=July 10, 2012 |work=TechRadar |publisher=Future Publishing |accessdate=September 1, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/06/27/project-butter-improves-android-4-1s-speed/ |title=Project Butter improves Android 4.1's speed to a silky-smooth 60FPS |author=Fingas, Jon |date=June 27, 2012 |work=Engadget |publisher=AOL |accessdate=August 15, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629053209/http://www.engadget.com/2012/06/27/project-butter-improves-android-4-1s-speed/|archivedate=June 29, 2012}}</ref>

Following 4.1, two more Android releases were made under the Jelly Bean codename; both of these releases focused primarily on performance improvements and changes to the Android platform itself, and contained relatively few user-facing changes. Alongside Android 4.1, Google also began to decouple [[API]]s for its services on Android into a new system-level component known as [[Google Play Services]], serviced through [[Google Play Store]]. This allows the addition of certain forms of functionality without having to distribute an upgrade to the operating system itself, addressing the infamous "fragmentation" problems experienced by the Android ecosystem.<ref name="ars-googleplayservices">{{cite web|title=Balky carriers and slow OEMs step aside: Google is defragging Android|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/09/balky-carriers-and-slow-oems-step-aside-google-is-defragging-android/|work=Ars Technica|accessdate=September 3, 2013}}</ref>

== Release ==

Attendees of the Google I/O conference were given Nexus&nbsp;7 tablets pre-loaded with Android 4.1, and [[Galaxy Nexus]] smartphones which could be upgraded to 4.1. Google announced an intent to release 4.1 updates for existing Nexus devices and the [[Motorola Xoom]] tablet by mid-July.<ref name="tnw-xoomjellybean">{{cite web|title=Google announces Android 4.1 Jelly Bean, with Project Butter visuals and new Search, mid-July|url=https://thenextweb.com/google/2012/06/27/google-announces-android-4-1-jelly-bean-with-project-butter-visuals-and-new-search/|publisher=The NExt Web|accessdate=June 28, 2012}}</ref> The Android 4.1 upgrade was released to the general public for GSM Galaxy Nexus models on July 10, 2012.<ref name="ars-jellybeanunveil" /><ref name="engadget-41release">{{cite web|title=Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) now hitting all Galaxy Nexus HSPA+ devices|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/07/10/android-4-1-jelly-bean-now-available-galaxy-nexus-google/|website=Engadget|publisher=AOL|accessdate=July 2, 2014}}</ref><ref name="verge-41otapreview">{{cite web|title=Android 4.1 OTA update available for manual download for a few Galaxy Nexus devices|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/6/27/3122480/android-4-1-ota-update-available-manual-download-galaxy-nexus|website=The Verge|accessdate=July 2, 2014}}</ref> In late 2012, following the official release of Jelly Bean, a number of third-party Android [[original equipment manufacturer|OEM]]s began to prepare and distribute updates to 4.1 for their existing smartphones and tablets, including devices from [[Acer Inc.|Acer]], [[HTC]], [[LG]], [[Motorola Mobility|Motorola]], [[Samsung Electronics|Samsung]], [[Sony Mobile|Sony]], and [[Toshiba]].<ref name="cw-gettingjb">{{cite web|last1=Raphael|first1=JR|title=Android 4.1 upgrade list: Is your device getting Jelly Bean?|url=http://blogs.computerworld.com/android/20995/android-41-upgrade-list|website=Computerworld|accessdate=July 3, 2014}}</ref> In August 2012, [[nightly build]]s of the aftermarket firmware [[CyanogenMod]] based on 4.1 (branded as CyanogenMod 10) began to be released for selected devices, including some Nexus devices (the [[Nexus S]] and [[Galaxy Nexus]]), the [[Samsung Galaxy S]], [[Galaxy S II]], and [[Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 7.0|Galaxy Tab 2 7.0]], [[Motorola Xoom]], and [[Asus Transformer]].<ref name="engadget-cm10nightly">{{cite web|title=CM10 nightly builds now rolling out to select devices|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/08/18/cm10-nightly-builds-now-rolling-out-to-select-devices/|website=Engadget|accessdate=July 25, 2014}}</ref>

On October 29, 2012, Google unveiled Android 4.2, dubbed "a sweeter tasting Jelly Bean", alongside its accompanying launch devices, the [[Nexus 4]] and [[Nexus 10]]. Firmware updates for the Nexus 7 and Galaxy Nexus were released in November 2012.<ref name="verge-unveilingn4">{{cite web | url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/29/3569540/google-nexus-4-preview-price-release-date | title=The Nexus 4: Google's flagship phone lands November 13th for $299 | work=[[The Verge]] | date=October 19, 2012 | accessdate=January 26, 2013 | author=Topolsky, Joshua}}</ref><ref name="ArsTechnica-42review">{{cite news|last=Ion|first=Florence|title=Review: Android 4.2 is a sweeter-tasting Jelly Bean|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/11/review-android-4-2-is-a-sweeter-tasting-jelly-bean/|accessdate=December 1, 2012|newspaper=Ars Technica|date=November 7, 2012}}</ref><ref name="verge-42ota">{{cite web|title=Android 4.2 for Galaxy Nexus and Nexus 7 available to download now (update)|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/11/13/3639462/galaxy-nexus-android-4-2-ota-download|website=The Verge|accessdate=July 2, 2014}}</ref> Android 4.3 was subsequently released on July 24, 2013 via firmware updates to the Galaxy Nexus, 2012 Nexus 7, Nexus 4, and Nexus 10.<ref name="engadget-android43release">{{cite web|title=Android 4.3 Jelly Bean official: shipping with new Nexus 7, available OTA for select devices today|url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/07/24/android-4-3-jelly-bean-official/|work=Engadget|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref>

== Features ==

=== User experience ===

[[File:Android notification area.png|thumb|upright|The notification area, showing expandable notifications, and the "quick settings" button]]

Visually, Jelly Bean's interface reflects a refinement of the "Holo" appearance introduced by Android 4.0.<ref name="ars-androidhistory">{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/|title=The history of Android: The endless iterations of Google’s mobile OS|last=Amadeo|first=Ron|date=June 16, 2014|work=[[Ars Technica]]|publisher=[[Condé Nast]]|accessdate=July 6, 2014}}</ref> The default home screen of Jelly Bean received new features, such as the ability for other shortcuts and widgets on a home screen page to re-arrange themselves to fit an item being moved or resized. The notification system was also improved with the addition of "expandable" and "actionable" notifications; individual notifications can now display additional content or action buttons (such as "Call back" or "Message" on a missed call), accessible by dragging open the notification with a two finger gesture. Notifications can also be disabled individually per-app.<ref name="verge-jbunveil">{{cite web|title=Android 4.1 Jelly Bean coming in July with Project Butter UI, Google Now, richer notifications|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/6/27/3118769/android-4-1-jelly-bean/in/2885052|website=The Verge|accessdate=July 2, 2014}}</ref>

Android 4.2 added additional features to the user interface; the [[lock screen]] can be swiped to the left to display widget pages, and swiped to the right to go to the camera. A pane of "quick settings" toggles (a feature often seen in OEM Android skins) was also added to the notification area&mdash;accessible by either swiping down with two fingers on phones, swiping down from the top-right edge of the screen on tablets, or pressing a button on the top-right corner of the notifications pane. The previous "Browser" application was officially deprecated on 4.2 in favor of [[Google Chrome for Android]]. 4.2 also adds gesture typing on the keyboard, a redesigned clock app, and a new [[screen saver]] system known as "Daydreams". On tablets, Android 4.2 also supports multiple users.<ref name="tr-41review" /><ref name="ArsTechnica-42review" /><ref name="ars-androidhistory" />

To promote consistency between device classes, Android tablets now use an expanded version of the interface layout and home screen used by phones by default, with centered navigation keys and a status bar across the top. These changes took effect for small tablets (such as the Nexus 7) on 4.1, and for larger tablets on 4.2. Small tablets on Android are optimized primarily for use in a "portrait" (vertical) orientation, giving apps expanded versions of the layouts used by phones. When used in a "landscape" (horizontal) orientation, apps adjust themselves into the widescreen-oriented layouts seen on larger tablets. On large tablets, navigation buttons were previously placed in the bottom-left of a bar along the bottom of the screen, with the clock and notification area in the bottom-right.<ref name="android41-differentlayouts">{{cite news |title=Confirmed: Android 4.1 uses different layouts for different tablet sizes |url=http://blogs.computerworld.com/mobile-and-wireless/20653/android-41-tablet-layout |publisher=ComputerWorld |accessdate=July 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119012034/http://blogs.computerworld.com/mobile-and-wireless/20653/android-41-tablet-layout |archive-date=January 19, 2013 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="cnet-n7rotate">{{cite web|title=Nexus 7 gets homescreen rotation with Android 4.1.2 update|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/nexus-7-gets-homescreen-rotation-with-android-4-1-2-update/|website=CNET|publisher=CBS Interactive|accessdate=July 2, 2014}}</ref><ref name="aosp-jb1" />

===Platform===

For developers, 4.1 also added new accessibility APIs, expanded language support with [[bi-directional text]] support and user-supplied keymaps, support for managing external input devices (such as [[video game controller]]s), support for multichannel, USB, and [[gapless playback|gapless]] audio, a new media routing API, low-level access to hardware and software audio and video codecs, and DNS-based service discovery and pre-associated service discovery for Wi-Fi. [[Android Beam]] can now also be used to initiate [[Bluetooth]] file transfers through [[near-field communication]].<ref name="aosp-jb1">{{cite web|title=Jelly Bean|url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html|website=Android developer portal|accessdate=July 2, 2014}}</ref>

Android 4.2 added a rewritten [[Bluetooth stack]], changing from the previous [[Bluez]] stack ([[GPL]] originated by [[Qualcomm]]) to a rewritten [[Broadcom]] open source stack called [[BlueDroid]].<ref name="anand1">{{cite web|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/6965/the-next-version-of-android-some-of-whats-coming|title=The Next Version of Android - Some of What's Coming|author=Brian Klug|work=anandtech.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fosspatents.com/2011/03/more-evidence-of-googles-habit-of-gpl.html|title=FOSS Patents|work=fosspatents.com}}</ref> The new stack, initially considered "immature",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forum.opengarden.com/discussion/408/android-4-2-important-information/p1 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=September 29, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927094514/http://forum.opengarden.com/discussion/408/android-4-2-important-information/p1 |archivedate=September 27, 2014 |df= }} - post by Stanislav Shalunov, [[Chief technology officer|CTO]] of [[Open Garden]]</ref> promised several forward-looking benefits,<ref name="anand1" /> including improved support for multiple displays, support for [[Miracast]], native [[right-to-left]] support, updated developer tools, further accessibility improvements such as zooming gestures, and a number of internal security improvements such as always-on [[Virtual Private Network|VPN]] support and app verification.<ref name="aosp-jb1" /> A new [[Near field communication|NFC]] stack was added at the same time.<ref name="anand1" />

Android 4.3 consisted of further low-level changes, including [[Bluetooth low energy]] and [[AVRCP]] support, [[SELinux]], [[OpenGL ES]] 3.0, new [[digital rights management]] (DRM) APIs, the ability for apps to read notifications, a [[VP8]] encoder, and other improvements.<ref name="engadget-android43release" />

Android 4.3 also included a hidden privacy feature known as "App ops", which allowed users to individually deny permissions to apps. However, the feature was later removed on Android 4.4.2; a Google spokesperson stated that the feature was experimental and could prevent certain apps from functioning correctly if used in certain ways.<ref name="cnet-appops">{{cite web|title=KitKat update removes app permissions toggle|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/kitkat-update-removes-app-permissions-toggle/|website=CNET|accessdate=August 31, 2014}}</ref><ref name="cnet-appopswhy">{{cite news|title=Why Android won't be getting App Ops anytime soon|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/why-android-wont-be-getting-app-ops-anytime-soon/|accessdate=August 31, 2014|work=CNET}}</ref> The concept was revisited as the basis of a redesigned notifications system for [[Android Marshmallow|Android 6.0]].<ref name="AnandTech announcement">{{cite web |last1=Chester |first1=Brandon |title=Google Announces Android M At Google I/O 2015 |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/9291/google-announces-android-m-at-google-io-2015 |website=[[AnandTech]] |publisher=[[Purch Group]] |date=May 28, 2015 |accessdate=March 6, 2017}}</ref>

== Voci correlate ==

* [[Android version history]]

* [[Firefox OS]]

* [[iOS 6]]

* [[Windows Phone 8]]

== Note ==

<references />

== Collegamenti esterni ==

* {{Collegamenti esterni}}

{{Box successione

| carica = Android 4.1/4.2/4.3

| periodo = 2012

| precedente = [[Android Ice Cream Sandwich|Android 4.0.4 Ice cream sandwich]]

| successivo = [[Android KitKat|Android 4.4 KitKat]]

}}

{{Android}}

{{Google LLC}}

<!--[[Categoria:Android]]

[[Categoria:Software del 2012]]-->