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{{Short description|Private all-boys school in Toronto, Canada}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Upper Canada College
| image = Upper Canada College Crest.svg
| caption =
| address = 200 Lonsdale Road
| city = [[Toronto]]
| province = Ontario
| country = Canada
| fundingtype = Independent<!--this parameter links automatically-->
| schooltype = [[Day school|day]] and [[Boarding school|boarding]]
| motto = {{Langnf|la|Palmam qui meruit ferat|Let he who merited the palm bear it|break=yes}}<ref name=CHA/>
| established = {{start date and age|1829}}
| principal = Samuel James McKinney
| free_label = [[Visitor]]
| free_text = ''Vacant''
| faculty = 140
| grades = Kindergarten to grade 12
| enrolment = 1,146
| other_grade_label = {{abbr|K|Kindergarten}} – grade 7
| other_grade_enrolment = 416
| other_grade_label_2 = {{nowrap|Grades 8–12}}
| other_grade_enrolment_2 = 730
| campus = [[Deer Park, Toronto|Deer Park]]/[[Forest Hill, Toronto|Forest Hill]] ({{convert|38.5|acre|km2|disp=sqbr}}, urban)<br /> [[Norval, Ontario|Norval]] ({{convert|450|acre|km2|disp=sqbr}}, rural)
| colours = {{hlist|Blue|white}}
| endowment = [[Canadian dollar|CA$]]150,000,000<ref name="Endow"/>
| url = {{URL|ucc.on.ca}}
}}
'''Upper Canada College''' ('''UCC''') is an independent [[Day school|day]] and [[boarding school]] [[Single-sex education|for boys]] in [[Toronto]], Ontario, operating under the [[International Baccalaureate]] program. The college is widely described as Canada's most prestigious [[University-preparatory school|preparatory school]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Cheney |first=Peter |title=UCC's watershed moment |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |___location=Toronto |date=11 September 2004 |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/uccs-watershed-moment/article18273203/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-03-21}}</ref><ref name=article4325078>{{cite news |last=Valpy |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Valpy |title=Being Michael Ignatieff |date=28 August 2006 |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |___location=Toronto |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/being-michael-ignatieff/article4325078/ |access-date=2023-03-21 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Cheney |first=Peter |title=Judge gives green light to UCC sexual abuse suit |date=31 December 2003 |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |___location=Toronto |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/judge-gives-green-light-to-ucc-sexual-abuse-suit/article18441285/ |access-date=2023-03-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Martin |first=Sandra E. |date=November 2003 |title=10 things private schools won't tell you |magazine=MoneySense |url=http://www.canadianbusiness.com/my_money/planning/education/article.jsp?content=20031107_143425_800 |access-date=21 October 2010 |archive-date=19 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019220840/http://www.canadianbusiness.com/my_money/planning/education/article.jsp?content=20031107_143425_800 }}</ref> and has produced many [[List of Upper Canada College alumni|notable graduates]].<ref name="CE"/><ref name="Boarding">{{Cite news |date=4 October 2007 |title=Exclusive Toronto private school to end boarding |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/exclusive-toronto-private-school-to-end-boarding-1.654110 |access-date=21 October 2010}}</ref><ref name="TL">{{Cite journal |title=Telling tales out of school |journal=Toronto Life |___location=Toronto |publisher=Toronto Life Publishing Co. |date=October 1994 |page=36}}</ref> With around 1,200 students, UCC is highly [[Selective school|selective]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toronto's foremost private boys school, operating under the IB Program. |url=https://www.ucc.on.ca/ |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=ucc.on.ca}}</ref> The school has a financial aid program which currently awards more than $5 million annually to Canadian citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tuition and Financial Aid at UCC {{!}} Boys Private IB School in Toronto |url=https://www.ucc.on.ca/admission/tuition-and-financial-assistance |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=ucc.on.ca}}</ref>
The secondary school segment is divided into 10 [[House system|houses]]; eight are for day students and the remaining two are for [[Boarding school|boarding students]]. Aside from the main structure, with its dominant [[clock tower]], the Toronto campus has a number of sports facilities, staff and faculty residences, and other buildings. UCC also owns and operates an outdoor education campus in [[Norval, Ontario]].
UCC was founded in 1829 by [[John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton|Sir John Colborne]], then [[List of lieutenant governors of Ontario|Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada]], and modelled on [[Elizabeth College, Guernsey]]. After facing closure by the government on more than one occasion, UCC became fully independent in 1900, nine years after moving to its present ___location. It is the oldest independent school in the province of Ontario<ref name="CE">{{Cite encyclopedia |last=McLean|first=Steve|date=2012-03-09|title=Education > Colleges & Universities > Upper Canada College|editor-last=Marsh|editor-first=James Harley |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/upper-canada-college |publisher=Historica Foundation of Canada |place=Toronto|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia |access-date=23 October 2010 |archive-date=2017-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916140145/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/upper-canada-college/ }}</ref><ref name="HB488">{{Cite book |last1=Thomson|first1=Ashley|last2=Lafortune|first2=Sylvie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bufwMVeKC3MC |title=Handbook of Canadian Boarding Schools|year=1999 |___location=Toronto |publisher=Dundurn Press|isbn=1-55002-323-3|page=488}}</ref> and the third oldest in Canada. UCC maintains links with the [[Monarchy of Canada#Royal family and house|Canadian royal family]] through its members or representatives of the [[Monarchy of Canada|monarch]], sometimes serving as the college's Visitor and/or on its Board of Governors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History {{!}} Upper Canada College |url=https://www.ucc.on.ca/welcome/our-history |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=ucc.on.ca}}</ref><ref name="UCCHist">{{cite web| url=https://bluenet.ucc.on.ca/sslpage.aspx?pid=935| title=Discover > Archives & History > College History| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=11 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Boothroyd|first1=Basil |title=Prince Philip: An Informal Biography|date=1971 |publisher=McCall|___location=New York |isbn=0841501165 |edition=First American}}</ref>
==History==
{{Main|History of Upper Canada College}}
===Beginnings and growth===
[[File:1879uppercanadacollege.png|thumb|right|Drawing of the former UCC campus at King and Simcoe streets]]
[[File:UCC Seaton statue.JPG|thumb|right|Statue at UCC of its founder,<br />[[John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton]]]]
UCC was founded in 1829 by Major-General Sir [[John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton|John Colborne]] (later the 1st [[Baron Seaton]]), then [[List of lieutenant governors of Ontario#Lieutenant Governors of Upper Canada, 1791–1841|Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada]], in the hopes that it would serve as a [[feeder school]] to the newly established [[University of Toronto|King's College]] (now known as the [[University of Toronto]]).<ref name=CE/><ref name=HB488/> UCC was modelled on the [[Public school (United Kingdom)|public schools]] of Great Britain, such as [[Eton College]].<ref name="UCCHist"/><ref name=How>{{cite book| last=Howard| first=Richard| title=Upper Canada College, 1829–1979: Colborne's Legacy| publisher=Macmillan Company of Canada| year=1979| ___location=Toronto| isbn=0-7705-1843-5| page=[https://archive.org/details/uppercanadacolle00howa/page/15 15]| url=https://archive.org/details/uppercanadacolle00howa }}</ref><ref name=OT5>{{cite magazine| magazine=Old Times| url=http://issuu.com/uppercanadacollege/docs/ucc_oldtimes_ws_2013/7| last=Daniels| first=Chris| title=A Few Good Men| date=Winter–Spring 2013| page=5| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=9 January 2015}}</ref> Though now an independent school, the college was created with public funds, including an initial land grant of 6,000 acres of crown lands, later increased to 66,000 acres.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Centennial Story: The Board of Education for the City of Toronto 1850–1950|last=Hardy|first=Edwin Austin |___location=Toronto|publisher=Thomas Nelson & Sons (Canada) Limited |year=1950|editor-last=Cochrane|editor-first=Honora M.}}</ref>
The school began teaching in the original [[Jarvis Collegiate Institute|Royal Grammar School]]. However, within a year, it was established on its own campus, known as Russell Square,<ref name=HB488/> at the north-west corner of [[King Street (Toronto)|King]] and Simcoe streets. Colborne brought educated men from the United Kingdom's [[Cambridge University|Cambridge]] and [[Oxford University|Oxford]] Universities, attracting them with high salaries.{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=13}} Still, despite ever increasing enrolment, popularity with leading families of the day (both from the local [[Family Compact]] and from abroad);{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=14}} a visit in 1847 from the Governor General of the [[Province of Canada]], [[James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin|the Earl of Elgin]];<ref>{{cite web| title=Upper Canada College (1831–1891); Interior, prayer hall; visit of Lord Elgin| url=http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDMDC-PICTURES-R-5169&R=DC-PICTURES-R-5169| publisher=Toronto Public Library| access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref> and praise from many, including [[Charles Dickens]],{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=44}}<ref>{{Cite book| last=Dickens| first=Charles| author-link=Charles Dickens| title=American Notes| publisher=General Books LLC| date=6 March 2010| ___location=New York| page=142| isbn=978-1-153-74747-9| url=http://www.online-literature.com/view.php/americannotes/16?term=college%20of%20upper%20canada}}</ref> UCC was faced with closure on a number of occasions. Opponents of elitism{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=15}}{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=112}} sought to curtail provincial government funding{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=114}} and remove the college from its premises.{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=112}}
The school merged with King's College for a period after 1831 and moved 60 years later to its present ___location in [[Deer Park, Toronto|Deer Park]],{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=26}} then a rural area.<ref name=HB488/> The school expanded in 1902 to take in lower-year students with the construction of a separate primary school building, the Prep, allowing for boys to be enrolled from [[Third grade|Grade Three]] through to graduation.
In 1900, the government of Ontario stopped funding UCC,<ref name="HB488" /> making it a completely independent school. By 1910, however, UCC was facing declining enrolment and capital; it considered selling the Deer Park campus and moving again to become a full boarding school on a property purchased in [[Norval, Ontario]].<ref name="McLean5">{{cite magazine| last=McLean| first=Steve| title=100 Years| magazine=Old Times| page=5| date=Summer–Fall 2013| publisher=Upper Canada College}}</ref> Plans were halted by the outbreak of the First World War, and the college remained where it was. It eventually thrived there, both physically and culturally, as the buildings were expanded and bright instructors attracted.
Principal William Grant spearheaded further development. Shortly after assuming his position in 1917, he oversaw recruitment of teachers described as "eccentric, crotchety, quaint, though widely travelled and highly intelligent."{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=204}} His tenure also saw other improvements. Student enrolment doubled, and bursaries increased. Teacher salaries also doubled, and their benefits now included a pension plan.{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=209}}
UCC maintained a [[Cadet Corps]] from around 1837, which became a [[Company (military unit)#Canadian Army|rifle company]] attached to the Volunteer Militia Rifles of Canada (later [[The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada]]) in 1860.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://qormuseum.org/history/cadets/upper-canada-college-cadet-corps/| title=17 Upper Canada College Cadets| publisher=The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada Regimental Museum and Archives| access-date=28 February 2015| date=2 June 2012}}</ref> It was one of only two student corps called to duty in Canadian military history when it assisted in staving off the [[Fenian raids#Niagara raid|Fenian Raids]] in 1866.<ref name=How/> Historian [[Jack Granatstein]], in his book ''The Generals'', demonstrated that UCC graduates accounted for more than 30 per cent of Canadian generals during the [[Second World War]], and 26 Old Boys achieved [[brigadier]] rank or higher.<ref>{{Citation| last=Killbourn| first=William| title=Toronto Remembered| publisher=Stoddart Publishing| ___location=Toronto| page=[https://archive.org/details/torontoremembere0000kilb/page/168 168]| year=1984| isbn=978-0-7737-2029-9| url=https://archive.org/details/torontoremembere0000kilb/page/168}}</ref> A war memorial display case and plaque in the Upper School's main entrance hall is dedicated to the UCC Old Boys who distinguished themselves during Canadian military service periods.<ref name=DND>{{cite web| url=http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/nic-inm/sm-rm/mdsr-rdr-eng.asp?PID=5693| author=Department of National Defence| title=Memorials Details Search Results| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=28 February 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109080257/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/nic-inm/sm-rm/mdsr-rdr-eng.asp?PID=5693| archive-date=9 January 2015}}</ref>
===After the Second World War===
[[File:Upper Canada College, Toronto, Ontario Collège du Haut-Canada à Toronto, en Ontario (26701031502).jpg|thumb|right|The original building in [[Deer Park, Toronto|Deer Park]], which had to be demolished in 1958]]
[[File:UCCtower.jpg|thumb|Contributions provided by [[Edward S. Rogers Jr.|Ted Rogers]] and his family during the late 1950s paid for the school's clock tower]]
In 1958, UCC faced a major crisis when it was discovered that the Upper School's main building was in danger of collapse due to poor construction. At the time, despite its benefactors, UCC had no endowment.{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=248}} An emergency building fund was started and, with the assistance of [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]], all of the necessary $3,200,000 was raised. [[Edward S. Rogers Jr.|Ted Rogers]] and his family paid for the clock tower, while [[Laidlaw Foundation|Robert Laidlaw]] donated the funds necessary to build Laidlaw Hall. Construction of the present main building began in early 1959, and it was opened by former [[Governor General of Canada|governor general]] [[Vincent Massey]] near the end of 1960.
The crisis forced the school government to rethink their stance on foresight and planning, leading to a years-long program of new construction, salary improvements, and funding sources.{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=248}} Furthermore, in conjunction with Principal Sowby, whom he had helped select, Massey had additional influence on the college and brought about somewhat of a [[renaissance]] at the school – a number of distinguished visitors were brought in, and leading minds were hired as masters.{{sfn| Killbourn| 1984| p={{page needed|date=February 2021}}}} At this time, the curriculum began to shift from offering a [[Classical education movement|classical education]] to offering one grounded in the [[liberal arts]]; language options besides [[Latin]] were first offered after 1950.{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=245}}
The period from 1965 to 1975 was a decade of constant change at UCC;<ref name=OT5/> global and local cultural influences (including the [[Vietnam War]], the bohemian [[Yorkville, Toronto|Yorkville]] neighbourhood, the [[Woodstock]] festival, changing fashion trends, rock music, and the [[Watergate scandal]]) collided head-on with the conservative and traditional culture and environment at UCC. Individual freedoms trumped institutional discipline, and [[moral authority]] had lost its clout.{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=249}} Patrick T. Johnson, principal from 1965 to 1974, managed the cultural transition during these years, successfully integrating societal trends, traditional values, and individual self-expression. One of the casualties, though, was the cadet corps; it was disbanded in September 1975 in favour of a smaller volunteer corps. Under principals educated at [[Oxford University|Oxford]] (Johnson) and [[Cambridge University|Cambridge]] (Sadlier), the college refused to adopt the new provincial educational standards issued in 1967, which it considered lower than the old standards.{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=261}} UCC also moved forward with new educational and athletic facilities across the campus, while opening the campus to the wider community at the same time.{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=263}} By the 1990s, [[summer camp]]s were set up on the campus for any child who wished to enroll.
The college embarked on another building campaign, again with the aid of Prince Philip, beginning in 1989 and ending in 1994, with the construction of new athletic facilities at the Upper School and the replacement of the 1901 Peacock Building at the Prep. Two years later, UCC adopted the [[International Baccalaureate]] (IB),{{sfn| Thomson| Lafortune| 1999| p=489}} which augmented the [[Ontario Secondary School Diploma]]. Following this, [[Second grade|Grade Two]] was added in 1998 and [[First grade|Grade One]] the next year. Since 2003, UCC has offered places from Senior [[Kindergarten]] to [[Twelfth grade|Grade Twelve]].<ref name=TandN>{{Cite magazine| title=Then & Now| magazine=Old Times| date=Winter–Spring 2005| pages=7–8| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto}}</ref>
===Into the 21st century===
[[File:Upper Canada College.jpg|thumb|The Upper School's main building]]
[[File:UCC quadrangle.JPG|thumb|The Massey Quadrangle and the boarding houses – Wedd's at left and Seaton's at right, with residences for the housemasters in between]]
In the years following 1998, five UCC staff were accused of [[sexual abuse]] or of possessing [[child pornography]]; three were convicted of some of the charges.<ref>{{Citation|last=Cheney| first=Peter| title=What would you say if I seduced you?| newspaper=The Globe and Mail| date=25 August 2001 |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/incoming/what-would-you-say-if-i-seduced-you/article1338774/ |access-date=2023-03-21 |___location=Toronto}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last1=Appleby| first1=Timothy| last2=Cheney| first2=Peter| title=Sexual predator at private schools pardoned| newspaper=The Globe and Mail| date=19 October 2006| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/sexual-predator-at-private-schools-pardoned/article1107776/| access-date=2023-03-21| url-access=subscription| ___location=Toronto}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Cheney| first=Peter| title=Child porn charges laid against teaching assistant| newspaper=The Globe and Mail| date=11 June 2003| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/child-porn-charges-laid-against-teaching-assistant/article25686061/| access-date=2023-03-21| url-access=subscription| ___location=Toronto}}</ref><ref name=article4111899>{{Citation| last=Appleby| first=Timothy| title=Retired UCC teacher guilty in sex case| newspaper=The Globe and Mail| date=13 October 2006| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/retired-ucc-teacher-guilty-in-sex-case/article4111899/| access-date=2023-03-21| url-access=subscription| ___location=Toronto}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=Moore| first=Oliver| title=Teacher acquitted in UCC sex case| newspaper=The Globe and Mail| date=6 December 2005| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/teacher-acquitted-in-ucc-sex-case/article18254578/| access-date=2023-03-21| url-access=subscription| ___location=Toronto}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=Pazzano| first=Sam| title=No jail for teacher in sex assault| newspaper=Toronto Sun| date=23 November 2006| url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/59666/No_jail_for_teacher_in_sex_assault| access-date=19 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Retired UCC instructor acquitted of sexual abuse charges| publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation| date=6 December 2005| url=http://www.cbc.ca/toronto/story/to_teacheracquited20051206.html| access-date=19 October 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922135525/http://www.cbc.ca/toronto/story/to_teacheracquited20051206.html| archive-date=22 September 2006}}</ref> In 2003, 18 students launched a $62 million [[class-action lawsuit]] against UCC, claiming [[sexual abuse]] by Doug Brown, who taught at the Prep from 1975 to 1993 and was eventually found guilty in 2004 of nine counts of [[indecent assault]].<ref name=article4111899/><ref>{{Cite news|title=Ontario private school teacher found guilty of abusing boys| date=8 October 2004| publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation| url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ontario-private-school-teacher-found-guilty-of-abusing-boys-1.487067| access-date=10 October 2007|url-status=live| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071206125255/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2004/10/08/ucc_brown_guilty041008.html| archive-date=6 December 2007}}</ref> UCC agreed to a confidential settlement with the victims.<ref>{{cite magazine| last=Beauroy| first=Stéphane| title=Memoir: a notorious Upper Canada College teacher ruined my life| date=23 September 2013| url=http://www.torontolife.com/informer/columns/2013/09/23/memoir-nightmare-on-avenue-road/| magazine=Toronto Life| publisher=St. Joseph Media| access-date=30 January 2015| archive-date=2 March 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302042026/http://www.torontolife.com/informer/columns/2013/09/23/memoir-nightmare-on-avenue-road/}}</ref>
UCC followed the trends in environmentalism when the Board of Governors unanimously voted in 2002 to establish the Green School initiative, wherein environmental education would become "one of the four hallmarks of a UCC education."<ref>{{Cite journal| title=Governors Agree: UCC to be a Green School| journal=Current Times| date=September 2002| page=2| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto| url=http://www1.ucc.on.ca/current%20times/CurrentTimes-200209.pdf| access-date=25 August 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051104232919/http://www.ucc.on.ca/current%20times/CurrentTimes-200209.pdf| archive-date=4 November 2005}}</ref> Plans to carry this out saw not only upgrades of the school's [[physical plant]] to meet environmentally [[Sustainability|sustainable]] standards, but also an integration of these new initiatives into the curriculum.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Executive Director of Green School sought| journal=Current Times| date=December 2002| page=5| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto| url=http://www1.ucc.on.ca/current%20times/CurrentTimes-200212.pdf| access-date=25 August 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051104233359/http://www.ucc.on.ca/current%20times/CurrentTimes-200212.pdf| archive-date=4 November 2005}}</ref> After the appointment in 2004 of Jim Power as principal, the curriculum further evolved to address reports of wider, societal trends showing a rise in boys' behavioural problems and a decline in their educational performance.<ref name=OT5 /><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/celebrate-boys-boyness-and-work-with-it/article5370557/| last=Wente| first=Margaret| title=Celebrate boys' boyness – and work with it| date=17 November 2012| newspaper=The Globe and Mail| access-date=9 January 2015| url-access=subscription}}</ref> Simultaneously, UCC's status as an all-boys school found support following years of pressure to become co-educational,<ref name=OT5 /> especially as other prominent, formerly all-boys schools in Ontario began to make the switch, such as [[Lakefield College School]] (1989), [[Appleby College]] (1991), and [[Trinity College School]] (1991).
As part of the strategic plan for the school, the board of governors decided in 2007 to close the 180-year-old boarding programme, citing market changes and the neglect of boarding over preceding decades. However, students,<ref name="Power">{{cite news |last=Allemang |first=John |date=13 October 2007 |title=UCC's power play |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/uccs-power-play/article18147436/?page=all |access-date=9 January 2015| url-access=subscription}}</ref> the Old Boy community, and others associated with UCC reacted negatively to the announcement, leading the board to revisit its conclusion.<ref>{{citation| author=Upper Canada College Board of Governors| year=2008| title=Boarding Task Force Report| url=http://bluenet.ucc.on.ca/document.doc?id=59| page=1| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=18 December 2014}}</ref> It was subsequently decided that boarding should be retained, but only if, among other requirements, it housed no less than 60 students, the facilities were improved (work that took place through the summers of 2013 and 2014),<ref>{{cite magazine| last=Kulin| first=Emily| title=Home improvement| magazine=Old Times| url=http://issuu.com/uppercanadacollege/docs/ucc_oldtimes_ws_2013/23| publisher=Upper Canada College| page=21| ___location=Toronto| access-date=18 December 2014}}</ref> and boarders be drawn from across the country.{{sfn| Upper Canada College Board of Governors| 2008| pp=5–6}}
==Campus and facilities==
===Toronto campus===
[[File:UCC gates.JPG|thumb|left|The main gates of Upper Canada College, at the head of [[Avenue Road, Toronto|Avenue Road]]]]
Upper Canada College occupies an open, 17 hectare (43 acre)<ref name=CE />{{sfn| Thomson| Lafortune| 1999| p=487}} campus in [[Deer Park, Toronto|Deer Park]], near the major intersection of [[Avenue Road, Toronto|Avenue Road]] and [[St. Clair Avenue]], in the residential neighbourhood of [[Forest Hill, Toronto|Forest Hill]]. There are 15 buildings on the site:<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.nelnetsolutions.com/collegeprofiles/Profile.aspx?inunid=2442&reprjid=11&sponsor=1&tabid=10019| title=Upper Canada College > Programs and Resources| publisher=Peterson's| access-date=1 November 2010}}</ref>
The main structure (the Upper School), constructed between 1959 and 1960, central on the campus, and with a dominant [[clock tower]], houses the secondary school component of the college, in a quadrangle form. Laidlaw Hall, the principal assembly hall, featuring a full theatre stage and a [[pipe organ]], is attached to the west end of the Upper School and, at the other end, is the Memorial Wing, the school's main [[Hospital|infirmary]].{{sfn| Thomson| Lafortune| 1999| pp=492–493}} Closing the north end of the main [[Quadrangle (architecture)|quadrangle]] (which is the ___location of the statue of the Lord Seaton, installed in 1934<ref>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gCUyR1svtb8C| last=Warkentin| first=John| title=Creating Memory: A Guide to Outdoor Public Sculpture in Toronto| publisher=Becker Associates| year=2010| isbn=9780919387607}}</ref>) is one building, built in 1932, that contains the two boarding houses, as well as two private residences for the associated boarding masters,<ref name=TandN /> adjacent to which is the school chapel, donated by [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]] [[Vincent Massey]].{{sfn| Killbourn| 1984| p=186}}
[[File:UCC cricket pavillion.JPG|thumb|Rebanks-Sankar [[cricket pavilion]]]]
Satellite to this complex are [[townhouse]]-style residences for masters and their families; the residence of the college's principal, Grant House, built in 1917; and a small, two-storey [[cricket pavilion]], inaugurated by Governor General [[Ray Hnatyshyn|Ramon Hnatyshyn]]. The Preparatory School, part of which was designed by [[Eden Smith]], is at the south-west corner of the campus, near which is a home for the Prep headmaster and a small gatehouse.
The athletic facilities include an indoor pool and three gymnasiums, as well as, around the campus, the William P. Wilder sports complex (containing an NHL and an Olympic sized [[Ice hockey|hockey]] rink, one of only four in Ontario<ref>{{Cite magazine| title=Random Things| magazine=Old Times| date=Summer–Fall 2008| page=53| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto}}</ref>), a sports activity bubble, tennis courts, a sports court, a running track, and nine regulation sized sports fields. The two major fields of the Upper School are called ''Commons'' and ''Lords'', after, respectively, the [[British House of Commons]] and [[House of Lords]], and one of the main central fields is known as ''the Oval'' (covered in winter by a [[Air-supported structure|bubble]]). In the summer of 2006, the latter, along with the encompassing running track, was renovated, with the grass replaced by a partially synthetic [[astroturf]]/grass hybrid and the track paved with a rubber turf. Several metres below the field, [[Geothermal heating|geothermal]] pipes were laid to provide [[alternative energy]] heating for both the Upper School and the adjacent sports complex. A number of these facilities are the result of a decade long, $90 million capital building campaign launched in the 1990s. Still planned are an Olympic-standard, 50-metre swimming pool; a new racquet centre for squash, badminton, and tennis; a rowing centre; the expansion of both the Prep and Upper School academic buildings; and an expansion of the archives.
The [[Ontario Heritage Trust]], a non-profit agency of the [[Ministry of Culture (Ontario)|Ontario Ministry of Culture]], erected three [[Commemorative plaque|plaques]] outlining UCC's presence and history in Toronto. One is on the north-east corner of 20 Duncan Street (the only existing building from the college's original campus), the second at the south-east corner of 212 King Street West, and one at the main entrance of the current campus at 200 Lonsdale Road. (An additional plaque that mentions Upper Canada College stands in [[Clarence Square]], commemorating Alexander Dunn, an Old Boy who received Canada's first [[Victoria Cross]].)
===Norval campus===
Upper Canada College owns and maintains an outdoor educational facility near the town of [[Norval, Ontario]], on {{convert|420|acre|ha}}<ref name=CE /> of property on the [[Credit River]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Discover > Board & Governance > Norval Review Committee| url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/norvalreview| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=23 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706193714/http://www.ucc.on.ca/norvalreview| archive-date=6 July 2011}}</ref> The land was used by [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] as camping and hunting grounds and [[Wyandot people|Huron]] and [[Iroquois]] travelled along the Credit to [[Lake Ontario]] to trade with Europeans. By the early 19th century, the land supported farming; many remnants of this use remain, including apple [[orchard]]s and artifacts, some of which were unearthed by students during simulated archaeological digs.<ref>{{cite magazine| last=Elgie| first=Bill| title=Things you might not know about Norval| magazine=Old Times| date=Summer–Fall 2013| page=9| publisher=Upper Canada College}}</ref>
[[File:Norval1.jpg|thumb|right|The Littlejohn Bridge over the [[Credit River]] as it passes through UCC's Norval property]]
Norval's main purpose is to teach college students about the [[natural environment]], [[sustainability]], and ecosystems through outdoor learning programs,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/norval| title=Campus Life > Norval Outdoor School > About the Norval Outdoor School| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=23 October 2010| archive-date=6 July 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706193652/http://www.ucc.on.ca/norval}}</ref> some in conjunction with [[Outward Bound]] Canada.<ref>{{Cite journal| last=Humphrys| first=Kate| title=Bringing Outdoor Education Home| journal=Pathways| volume=17| issue=1| page=27| publisher=Council of Outdoor Educators of Ontario| ___location=Toronto| date=Winter 2005| issn=0840-8114| url=http://www.coeo.org/pathways/PW17.1Winter05.pdf| access-date=23 October 2010}}{{dead link|date=July 2013}}</ref> It is staffed by five full-time teachers, a superintendent, and cooks and housekeepers.{{sfn| McLean| 2013| p=7}} Throughout the school year, entire classes, houses, or portions of certain grades will have a several day stay at Norval and other Ontario schools use the property and its facilities during the weeks when UCC students are not in residence.{{sfn| McLean| 2013| p=7}} Norval also hosts an open house each season, with the spring Maple Madness focusing on the site's traditional [[maple syrup]] manufacturing,<ref>{{cite web| title=Campus Life > Norval Outdoor School > Open Houses| publisher=Upper Canada College |url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112939| access-date=23 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706193704/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112939| archive-date=6 July 2011}}</ref> as well as cross-country skiing in winter and pumpkin carving in the autumn.{{sfn| McLean| 2013| p=7}}
The land was purchased in 1913{{sfn| Thomson| Lafortune| 1999| p=489}} at a time when the city of Toronto was quickly growing around the college's Deer Park campus and the trustees were considering moving the school to a new ___location. The 500 acres of land had been purchased by miller Robert Noble in 1868 and managed by his son Dr. Robert Noble Jr.<ref>https://www.ucc.on.ca/list-detail?pk=132012#</ref> Plans for buildings were drawn up by an architectural firm. However, due to the outbreak of the [[First World War]] and then the [[Great Depression|depression]], the move was fully abandoned in the 1930s.<ref name=How /> The college first attempted to sell the land in 1928 and again in 1935, but found no buyers.{{sfn| McLean| 2013| p=6}} Eventually, the property was developed into an outdoor education centre for UCC students and community. Beginning in 1913, an annual picnic was held at Norval, the first being catered by the [[King Edward Hotel]]. As the land had originally been cleared for agricultural use, much of the site was open field until over 700,000 [[seedling]]s were planted by staff and students through the 1940s,<ref>{{Cite journal| title=Forest Management at Norval| journal=Current Times| page=1| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto| date=May 2003}}</ref> followed by the creation of an [[arboretum]] in 1962.{{sfn| McLean| 2013| p=6}} The first bunk house was built in the 1930s and augmented in 1967 by another, larger residence and dining building known as Stephen House,<ref name=How /> which won a [[Governor General's Award|Massey Medal]] for excellence in architecture for the designer, Blake Millar.<ref name=TandN /> Stephen House contains a classroom and laboratory, in addition to the residential spaces for students and staff. There is also a bungalow-style residence for the property caretaker and in 2003 several log cabins were built for writing retreats.
Into the 2000s, the school came under criticism for keeping the entirety of the increasingly taxed Norval property while so little of it was actually used; this argument has gained increased credence in light of the consistent yearly tuition hikes and mounting legal costs. Despite repeated assertions that the college had no intention of selling the property, citing not only rapidly increasing land value, but also an intention to hold it to prevent industrial development on land that contains a variety of wildlife, including [[spotted deer]] and [[hares]], UCC sold a small portion of the acreage in 2007 to help cover costs related to the 2003 class action lawsuit brought against the school by former students.<ref>{{Cite magazine| last=Pringle| first=Andy| title=Message from the chair: What's the bottom line?| magazine=Old Times| date=Winter–Spring 2007| page=20| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mytowncrier.ca/ucc-selling-art-and-land-to-cover-costs-of-lawsuit.html| title=UCC selling art and land to cover costs of lawsuit| newspaper=Town Crier| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231001911/http://www.mytowncrier.ca/ucc-selling-art-and-land-to-cover-costs-of-lawsuit.html| archive-date=31 December 2013 }}</ref> In 2011, the Norval Long-Range Planning Committee recommended that Norval's facilities should be expanded to allow for more overnight students and co-educational use.{{sfn| McLean| 2013| p=7}}
===Waterfront facility===
[[File:Don Lindsay Boathouse.jpg|thumb|Don Lindsay Boathouse in 2023]]
Upper Canada College has a waterfront site that is located beside [[Lake Ontario]] at Toronto's [[Toronto Harbour#Outer Harbour|Outer Harbour Marina]]. Occupied by the Don Lindsay Boathouse, the site primarily serves UCC's rowing team, which trains out of the facility during the spring and fall seasons. When not in use by the school's rowing program, the facility becomes a community rowing centre, hosting UCC's summer camps and Horizon program.
==Tuition, scholarships, and assets==
[[File:Cockburn VC f&b.JPG|thumb|left|The [[Victoria Cross]] awarded in 1900 and presented in 1901 by Prince George, Duke of York (later [[George V]]), to UCC Old Boy [[Hampden Cockburn]] and in UCC's possession, though on permanent loan to the [[Canadian War Museum]]]]
Upper Canada College is Canada's wealthiest independent school,<ref>{{Citation|title=Consider the Cost: Privatizing Education Public Money for Private Schools| url=http://www.socialjustice.org/subsites/privatization/pdf/Privatizing%20Education.pdf| access-date=22 July 2007| publisher=Centre for Social Justice| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060829224654/http://www.socialjustice.org/subsites/privatization/pdf/Privatizing%20Education.pdf| archive-date=29 August 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| title=Upper Canada College on hook for $575,000 in provincial tax| newspaper=National Post| date=27 November 2008| url=http://www.canada.com/story_print.html?id=6014341c-3f04-4e51-9576-47aa9dba7c31&sponsor=| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110163601/http://www.canada.com/story_print.html?id=6014341c-3f04-4e51-9576-47aa9dba7c31&sponsor=| archive-date=10 November 2012| access-date=23 October 2010}}</ref> having an endowment of more than [[Canadian dollar|CA$]]100 million.<ref name="Endow">{{Cite web|year=2019 |title=The Upper Canada College website |url=https://www.ucc.on.ca/|___location=Toronto|publisher=Upper Canada College}}</ref> For the 2020–2021 school year, tuition fees range from $34,135 to $37,135 (not including a $8,500 initial registration fee, books and uniform) for day students and $61,085 to $66,835 for boarders (not including a $5,000 initial registration fee). An additional $500 technology fee is levied on all students in the Upper School, which covers the costs of a [[MacBook Air]] laptop computer, the associated software, and technological support.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://ucc.on.ca/tuition-fees| title=Admission > Tuition and Fees| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=24 October 2010| archive-url=https://archive.today/20130628073329/https://ucc.on.ca/tuition-fees| archive-date=28 June 2013}}</ref> According to the school, fewer than two per cent of the Canadian population can afford the full cost of attending the school.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/admission/financial-assistance/|title=Upper Canada College – Financial Assistance FAQ|website=ucc.on.ca|access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref> The institution has strict admissions standards, accepting approximately 20 per cent of all applicants for the 2018–2019 school year.<ref>{{cite web| title=Admission FAQs| publisher=Upper Canada College| url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=6608| access-date=11 March 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928101435/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=6608| archive-date=28 September 2007 }}</ref> The college began a fundraising campaign in 2012 to obtain $100 million for scholarships; a donation of $11 million was received from Stu Lang, the largest single gift in Canadian independent school history.<ref>{{cite news|title=Stu Lang '70|newspaper=UCC|url=https://www.ucc.on.ca/list-detail?pk=133564|access-date=7 July 2020}}</ref> To honour Lang's donation, UCC created the scholars Lang Scholar Program to recognize up to 15 student-athletes annually with extraordinary leadership potential.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.ucc.on.ca/student-life/lang-scholars | title=Lang Scholars | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608215206/https://www.ucc.on.ca/student-life/lang-scholars | archive-date=2024-06-08 | url-status=live}}</ref> UCC disbursed over $5.0 million in financial aid in 2019 to approximately 20 per cent of students.<ref>{{cite web|title=Upper Canada College – Affording UCC|url=https://www.ucc.on.ca/admission/affording-ucc|access-date=7 July 2020|website=ucc.on.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tuition and Financial Aid at UCC |url=https://www.ucc.on.ca/admission/affording-ucc |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=Upper Canada College}}</ref> Only students in grade five and above are eligible for this assistance.
Besides its own archives containing records that outline the history of Upper Canada, the province of Ontario, and the city of Toronto dating back to the mid-19th century,<ref>{{cite web| title=Discover > Archives & History > UCC Archives| url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112852| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=23 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103213047/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112852| archive-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> the college also has a notable collection of artwork, antiques, and war medals. This includes the [[Order of Canada]] insignia presented to [[Robertson Davies]], [[Foster Hewitt]], [[Charles Band (businessman)|Charles Band]], and [[Arnold Smith]],<ref name=TT10 /> plus Canada's first [[Victoria Cross]], awarded in 1854 to Old Boy [[Alexander Roberts Dunn]], and the Victoria Cross given, and ceremonial sword belonging,<ref name=DND/> to [[Hampden Cockburn]];<ref name=TT10>{{Cite magazine| title=Treasure Trove| magazine=Old Times| date=Winter–Spring 2005| page=10| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto}}</ref> the valour medals were given to the [[Canadian War Museum]] on permanent loan on 17 May 2006.<ref>{{Cite magazine| last=Aster| first=Andrea| title=Heroes' Welcome| magazine=Old Times| date=Summer–Fall 2006| page=7| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto}}</ref> In the college's chapel, itself decorated with works by Canadian artists, is an altar made of marble from parts of [[St Paul's Cathedral|St. Paul's Cathedral]], in London, England, that were damaged in [[the Blitz]] and donated by [[List of Deans of St Paul's|Dean of St. Paul's]] [[Walter Robert Matthews]]. On this is an [[altar cloth]] made from a piece of that which was used for the [[coronation of Queen Elizabeth II]].{{sfn| Killbourn| 1984| p=186}} Held is an [[American flag]] that flew atop one of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] towers in New York City. Further, the school holds works by [[Thoreau MacDonald]] and a collection of original paintings from the [[Group of Seven (artists)|Group of Seven]] (though several were auctioned by the college in an effort to pay for the lawsuits it faced in 2004);<ref>{{cite web| title=Thoreau MacDonald, 1901–1989| publisher=Paul Aird| url=http://www.forestry.toronto.edu/ac_staff/emeritus/loonsforever/thor.htm| access-date=23 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720060132/http://www.forestry.toronto.edu/ac_staff/emeritus/loonsforever/thor.htm| archive-date=20 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| title=UCC selling assets to fund assault settlement| publisher=CTV| date=10 March 2005| url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1110471318570_105880518?hub=Canada| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050315105549/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1110471318570_105880518/?hub=Canada| archive-date=15 March 2005| access-date=8 May 2007}}</ref> an original [[Stephen Leacock]] essay, titled ''Why Boys Leave Home—A Talk on Camping'', donated in 2005 and published for the first time in ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'';<ref>{{Citation| last=Leacock| first=Stephen| title=Stephen Leacock's hidden treasure| newspaper=The Globe and Mail| date=1 July 2005| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/stephen-leacocks-hidden-treasure/article1120874/| access-date=2023-03-21| url-access=subscription| ___location=Toronto}}</ref> and the original manuscript of [[Robertson Davies]]' work ''The Mask of Aesop'', which he wrote in 1952 specifically for the Prep's 50th anniversary.<ref name=TT10 /> Also in UCC's possession is a chair owned by Sir [[John A. Macdonald]] and another that once belonged to [[George Airey Kirkpatrick]].<ref>{{Cite magazine| last=Spence| first=Marion| title=Remember When: Seats of Honour| magazine=Old Times| date=Winter–Spring 2007| page=18| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto}}</ref>
==Governance, faculty, and staff==
Upper Canada College is incorporated under an act of the [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario]] and administered by a 17-member [[Board of Governors]] as a public trust,<ref name=HB488 /> with the current chair of the board being Russ Higgins, a principal of MacPherson Builders ltd. [[Mood Media#Somerset Entertainment|Somerset Entertainment]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.ucc.on.ca/about/board-governance-2/| title=Board and Governance| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=25 February 2015}}</ref> The board, whose members are appointed and elected from alumni, parents of students past and present, and the wider UCC community, selects the college's principal, who serves for five years,<ref>{{cite web| url=https://bluenet.ucc.on.ca/sslpage.aspx?pid=460| title=Meet Principal Jim Power| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=9 January 2015}}</ref> managing the school's annual operation and heading an executive committee composed of vice-principals, department heads, and administration staff.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.ucc.on.ca/about/board-governance-2/executive-committee/| title=Executive Committee| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=25 February 2015}}</ref> There are also a number of other committees for advancement, finance and audit, governance and nominating, human resources, long range planning, property, and senior management review.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.ucc.on.ca/about/board-governance-2/committees/| title=Committees| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=25 February 2015}}</ref> Additionally, the UCC Foundation, a registered charity in Ontario since 1962 and run by a board of trustees, manages the school's endowment. Honorary trustees include [[David R. Beatty]], [[John Craig Eaton II]], [[Hans Michael Jebsen]], [[Michael MacMillan]], Kelly and [[Michael Meighen]], [[Richard M. Thomson]], [[Galen Weston]], and [[Michael Wilson (Canadian politician)|Michael Wilson]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.ucc.on.ca/about/board-governance-2/ucc-foundation/| title=UCC Foundation| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=25 February 2015}}</ref>
There are 129 faculty members in total, of whom 12 possess doctorates, 40 hold master's degrees,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/| title=About (drop down)| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref> and 20 per cent are International Baccalaureate examiners.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.ucc.on.ca/about/staff-faculty/| title=Staff and Faculty| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=25 February 2015}}</ref> 17 faculty members reside on the campus.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.petersons.com/PSchools/code/instvc.asp?inunid=2442&sponsor=1| title=Upper Canada College > Students and Teachers| publisher=Peterson's| access-date=1 November 2010}}</ref> The student-to-teacher ratio is 18:1 in the lower grades and 19:1 in the upper grades.<ref name=UCCG>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=6616| title=UCC at a glance| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=11 March 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928101511/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=6616| archive-date=28 September 2007 }}</ref>
===Visitor===
[[File:HRH The Duke of Edinburgh 3 Allan Warren.jpg|thumb|[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]], UCC's visitor from 1955 until his death in 2021]]
The visitor of Upper Canada College is a ceremonial role within UCC's governmental structure, though the occupant has the right or responsibility of inspecting and reporting on the College.<ref name=BW>{{citation| url=https://tbaw.ca/2021/05/31/prince-philip-duke-of-edinburgh-the-passing-of-a-patron/| last=Boyle| first=Lachlan| title=Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh: The Passing of a Patron| date=31 May 2021| journal=The Blue and White| publisher=Upper Canada College| accessdate=3 August 2023}}</reF>
Sir John Colborne served informally as UCC's first visitor. When the post was created in 1833, the [[Anglican Diocese of Toronto|Bishop of York]] was named as the occupant, ''ex officio''. Four years later, an act of the Upper Canada legislature outlined that the [[visitor]]s of UCC would be the judges of His Majesty's Court of King's Bench. The role was then transferred in 1850 to the governor general of the [[Province of Canada]], on behalf of [[Queen Victoria]],<ref>{{citation| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImpFAQAAMAAJ| title=The Consolidated Statutes for Upper Canada| page=712| publisher=S. Derbishire and G. Desbarats| year=1859| access-date=13 October 2015}}</ref><ref name=OT1949>{{cite magazine| url=http://www.mocavo.co.uk/Old-Times-Upper-Canada-College-1949-2/483797/16| title=A Short History of Upper Canada College| magazine=Old Times| publisher=Upper Canada College| page=14| year=1949| access-date=13 October 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018075617/http://www.mocavo.co.uk/Old-Times-Upper-Canada-College-1949-2/483797/16| archive-date=18 October 2015}}</ref> until [[Canadian Confederation|Confederation]], after which the [[lieutenant governor of Ontario]] acted as visitor.<ref>{{citation| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSlSAQAAIAAJ| title=The revised statutes of Ontario, 1887| volume=2| page=2500| year=1887| publisher=University of California| access-date=13 October 2015}}</ref> However, it was later felt the provincial viceroy was associated too much to politics and the office of visitor was not mentioned in the 1901 act that altered the government of UCC.<ref name=OT1949/>
Prince Edward, Prince of Wales (later [[Edward VIII]] and then [[Duke of Windsor]]), was in 1920 appointed as Upper Canada College's official visitor, at the Prince's request.<ref name=visitor>{{citation| author=Upper Canada College Monarchist League| title=Report to the Board of Governors: Upper Canada College's Next Official Visitor| date=May 2012| publisher=Upper Canada College| url=http://uccmonarchistleague.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/5/11055876/board_of_governors_report.pdf| access-date=19 February 2015}}</ref> The ''College Times'' wrote then:
<blockquote>It will be a great pleasure to all to hear that the HRH the Prince of Wales has expressed a wish to be given the fine old English title of visitor of this school. HRH met so many 'Old Boys' while [fighting in the First World War] that, when he made his visit to Canada last year, he instituted special inquiries about the previous history of the College. Finding that the title existed, he has thus honored us by becoming 'Visitor of Upper Canada College' [...] The gracious offer of the Prince places the position on a still higher plane and it makes us all feel a lot prouder of the grand old College to which we belong.<ref>{{cite journal| title=Our Royal Visitor| journal=College Times| issue=Easter| year=1920}}</ref></blockquote>
Edward was removed from the post of visitor when he [[Abdication of Edward VIII|abdicated the Canadian throne]] in 1936.<ref name=BW/> The office thereafter lay dormant until 1955. Maintaining a connection with the [[Monarchy of Canada#Royal family and house|Canadian royal family]], [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] (husband of Edward VIII's niece, Queen [[Elizabeth II]]), was appointed as visitor of UCC, a role in which he served until [[Death and funeral of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|his death in 2021]], making him the longest-acting visitor in the College's history.<ref name=BW/> He visited the college five times (in 1959, 1969, 1979, 1989, and 1993<ref name=BW/>),<ref name=visitor/> aided two fundraising campaigns, and gave items to the school, including a signed cricket bat.<ref>{{cite magazine| url=http://issuu.com/uppercanadacollege/docs/ucc_oldtimes_sf_2013_v7/28| last=McLean| first=Steve| title=150th Anniversary XI vs. Old Boys Cricket Match| magazine=Old Times| page=26| date=Summer–Fall 2013a| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=13 October 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018075617/http://issuu.com/uppercanadacollege/docs/ucc_oldtimes_sf_2013_v7/28| archive-date=2015-10-18}}</ref>
During his 1959 visit to the school, Philip was made an honorary Old Boy and unveiled the permanent display of his [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh#Arms|personal coat of arms]] in the Massey Quadrangle.<ref name=BW/> To celebrate the 150th anniversary of the College's founding, the Prince made a two-day visit to UCC, which included a reception and formal banquet [[Exhibition Place]] and distributing prizes to the winners of the first annual Jubilee Association Run. Historian [[Richard Howard]] said of Philip in 1979, "In the lengthy history of the College, no visitor since our inception has taken such a deep interest in our affairs, for such an extended period, as has the present distinguished incumbent.”<ref name=BW/>
In May 2012, the Upper Canada College Monarchist League conducted a poll and submitted to the Board of Governors a report outlining how 71 per cent of students surveyed (91 per cent of those in Year One) approved of another member of the royal family serving as UCC's visitor upon the resignation or demise of the Duke of Edinburgh. It was recommended that the next person to occupy the post be non-partisan and of a young age, so as to be likely to serve for a number of decades, as the Duke of Edinburgh had done. The most widely supported figure was [[Prince William, Duke of Cambridge]] (now the Prince of Wales).<ref name=visitor/>
==Student body==
UCC is a non-denominational school with approximately 1,000-day students and 88 [[Boarding school|boarders]]; Senior Kindergarten to [[Seventh grade|Grade Seven]] students, approximately 400 boys,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112923&rc=0| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928125608/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112923&rc=0| archive-date=28 September 2011| title=Campus Life > Preparatory School| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=21 November 2010}}</ref> attend the Preparatory School (the Prep), after which a boy may move on to the Upper School, which consists of Grades Eight to Twelve. The Upper School years are known as follows:
{{col div}}
* [[Eighth grade|Grade Eight]]: Year Eight (formerly called Year One)
* [[Ninth grade|Grade Nine]]: Year Nine (formerly called Year Two)
* [[Tenth grade|Grade Ten]]: Year Ten (formerly called Foundation Year)
* [[Eleventh grade|Grade Eleven]]: Year Eleven (formerly called IB1)
* [[Twelfth grade|Grade Twelve]]: Year Twelve (formerly called IB2)
{{col div end}}
[[File:Peacock Building.JPG|thumb|left|The [[George Robert Parkin|Parkin]] Building, part of the Prep School, which houses Kindergarten through Grade Seven]]
While Prep students are divided into [[Form (education)|forms]], UCC, like several other schools in the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], divides its Upper School students into houses.<ref name="Board4">{{cite web|url=https://www.ucc.on.ca/student-life/boarding|title=Boarding|publisher=Upper Canada College}}</ref> The [[house system]] was first adopted in 1923, consisting of only four houses until the late 1930s, after which the number increased the present ten. Eight of these—Bremner's, Howard's, Jackson's, Martland's, McHugh's, Mowbray's, Orr's, and Scadding's—are for day students and the remaining two—Seaton's and Wedd's—are for boarders.<ref name=Board4/>{{sfn| Thomson| Lafortune| 1999| p=494}} The houses compete in an annual intramural competition for the Prefects' Cup and the boarders also take part in weekend events and trips with boarders from neighbouring girls' schools.<ref>{{citation| title=Boarding Life at UCC| url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/ftpimages/186/download/download_group6296_id150834.pdf| page=18| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=22 November 2010| ref={{harvid| Upper Canada College| 2010}}}}{{dead link|date=July 2013}}</ref>
Martland's was named for John "Gentle" Martland, a master at the College who was most well known for his reform of the boarding houses, making them into something more than simple residences. He toned down the rigid study regimes, cold dormitories, bland menus, and bullying, fostering instead more tolerating discipline, swift punishment for serious offenders, the occasional feast, and organised recreation.{{sfn| Killbourn| 1984| p=170}} Wedd's is the one the oldest of the ten houses at UCC and is named for William Wedd, formerly first classical master.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://weddfamily.tribalpages.com|title=Wedd Family History – Family Tree|website=weddfamily.tribalpages.com |access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref>
The school's [[student government]], created in 1892 and known as the [[Upper Canada College Board of Stewards|Board of Stewards]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112946| title=Campus Life > Creativity, Action, Service (CAS) > Service| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=24 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706193819/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112946| archive-date=6 July 2011 }}</ref>{{sfn| Thomson| Lafortune| 1999| p=497}} represents the students at events, such as Association Day and Winterfest, and relays their wishes, during times of change or concern, to the upper administration. The group comprises 19 elected members of the Leaving Class:{{sfn| Thomson| Lafortune| 1999| p=494}} one steward for each house (the heads of houses) plus nine—the Head Steward and eight stewards with portfolio—chosen by the majority of the whole student body.<ref name=Leadership>{{cite web| url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=118378| title=Campus Life > Upper School > Leadership| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=22 November 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305001740/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=118378| archive-date=5 March 2011 }}</ref> In addition to the stewards, students can enter the [[Upper Canada College houses|prefects]] program, requiring them to show leadership through their senior years to be awarded the title of ''Prefect'' upon graduation, the highest recognition UCC offers "for citizenship and leadership."<ref name=Leadership/>
[[File:UCC Upper School 4.JPG|thumb|The Upper School building from inside the Massey Quadrangle; at centre are the Prince of Wales doors, once reserved for the exclusive use of stewards]]
Though Upper Canada College has accepted [[Minority group|ethnic minorities]] since the first [[Black Canadian|black]] student (Peter Gallego, the son of a former American slave) enrolled in 1831<ref>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFB1JdDSDm8C| last1=Shadd| first1=Adrienne| last2=Cooper| first2=Afua| last3=Frost|first3=Karolyn Smardz| title=he Underground Railroad: Next Stop, Toronto!| page=49| publisher=Dundurn| ___location=Toronto| year=2009| isbn=9781770706828}}</ref> and [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] boys, such as [[Francis Assikinack]] (son of the [[Ojibwe]] leader [[Jean-Baptiste Assiginack]]) in 1840,<ref>{{cite dictionary| url=https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/assikinack_francis_9E.html| last=Leighton| first=Douglas| title=Assikinack, Francis| dictionary=Dictionary of Canadian Biography| volume=9| year=1976| publisher=University of Toronto/Université Laval| access-date=24 February 2015}}</ref> their representation within the student body was initially disproportionate to the same within the city's population<ref>{{citation|last=Borrows| first=John| title="Guess Who's Coming to Dinner?" The Diversification of Canadian Law Schools| publisher=University of Manitoba| url=http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/law/LRI/Legal_education/borrows.htm| access-date=22 October 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060529105231/http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/law/LRI/Legal_education/borrows.htm| archive-date=29 May 2006}}</ref> and the school developed a reputation as a "[[White Anglo-Saxon Protestants|WASP]] bastion".<ref name=Power /> [[Michael Ignatieff]] considered the school's ethnic makeup during his time there, between 1959 and 1965, reflective of the culture of Toronto in general; according to him, "basically Tory, Anglican and fantastically patrician."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pathcom.com/~jfitzg/oldboys_excerpts_ucc.htm| title=Old Boys: The Powerful Legacy of Upper Canada College > Excerpts| author=James T. Fitzgerald| access-date=12 October 2007| archive-date=16 April 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070416040442/http://www.pathcom.com/~jfitzg/oldboys_excerpts_ucc.htm| via=www.pathcom.com}}</ref> [[Peter C. Newman]], who attended UCC a decade before Ignatieff, and himself [[Jewish]], said [[antisemitism]] was "virtually non-existent."{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=239}} According to school historian Richard Howard, UCC transformed its culture during the 1970s, as it began to offer assistance to the less affluent and made attempts to attract boys from visible minorities, becoming what he called "a small United Nations" that echoed Toronto's emerging ethnic variety (today, students from over 20 different countries and regions attend UCC),{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=264}}<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.ucc.on.ca/upper-8-12/boarding-life/boarding-faq/| title=Explore UCC Boarding > The Boarding Life > Frequently Asked Questions| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=11 February 2015}}</ref> though, as recently as 1990, there were references in ''College Times'' editorials to antisemitism and sexism.<ref>{{Cite journal| last=Sherman| first=Motek| title=Editorial| journal=College Times| volume=1990| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto| date=June 1990}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| last=Tessaro| first=Greg| title=The School on the Hill| journal=College Times| volume=1990| pages=154–155| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto| date=June 1990}}</ref> These aspects of college life came to light in 1994, through James T. Fitzgerald's book ''Old Boys'', which published some alumni's recollections of the school. In it, [[Peter Dalglish]] noted that while the student body was more racially diverse, it was still predominantly populated by the upper middle class, with the Asian students being even wealthier than their white counterparts. The college took the criticisms seriously, hiring Dalglish to help open UCC to the broader community.<ref>{{cite web| author=Ted Schmidt| title=Ted Schmidt: Full Review| url=http://www.pathcom.com/~jfitzg/oldboys_review_ted_schmidt.htm| access-date=12 October 2007| via=www.pathcom.com| archive-date=20 July 2006| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720040105/http://www.pathcom.com/~jfitzg/oldboys_review_ted_schmidt.htm}} Originally published: Catholic New Times, October 8, 2000.</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=jamesfitzgerald.info |title=Ted |url=http://www.jamesfitzgerald.info/Ted.html |access-date=3 April 2018|archive-date=18 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518013645/http://www.jamesfitzgerald.info/Ted.html}}</ref> The decision to reverse the 2007 plan to eliminate boarding was made in part because of boarding's inherent ability to allow students from around the world to attend UCC.<ref name=Power /> The college's expansion of financial aid beginning in 2012 was intended to socioeconomically diversify the student body.<ref name=Power />
==Curriculum==
Upper Canada College educates boys from Senior [[Kindergarten]] through to [[Twelfth grade|Grade Twelve]]. Graduates receive both the [[Ontario Secondary School Diploma]] and the [[International Baccalaureate]] (IB) diploma; UCC adopted the IB program in 1996 and the entire curriculum is today guided by the non-governmental organization. French, language, [[mathematics]], science, [[outdoor education]], [[physical education]], the arts, and more are covered during a boy's years in the Prep School and, once boys move to the Upper School in Year One ([[Eighth grade|Grade Eight]]), they begin university preparation through a [[liberal arts]] program.<ref>{{cite web| title=Campus Life > Upper School > Academic Program| url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112929| publisher=Upper Canada College| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121115749/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112929| archive-date=2012-01-21}}</ref> The courseload includes mathematics, history, [[geography]], science, English, second languages, civics, design, film and the dramatic, visual, and musical arts, as well as [[computer science]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112928| title=Campus Life > Upper School > Welcome| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=15 November 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305194114/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112928| archive-date=5 March 2011}}</ref> Aiding both student and teachers is the Wernham West Centre for Learning, the most comprehensive and endowed secondary school learning facility in Canada.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Richard Wernham and Julia West Centre for Learning Opens its Doors| journal=Current Times| page=2| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto| date=January 2002| url=http://www1.ucc.on.ca/current%20times/CurrentTimes-200201.pdf| access-date=4 April 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105000354/http://www.ucc.on.ca/current%20times/CurrentTimes-200201.pdf| archive-date=5 November 2005}}</ref> Created in 2002 as a department pertaining to the refinement of academic skills and assisting the students with learning disabilities, its primary focus is to facilitate improved learning skills and abilities, as well as accommodate for students with particular learning disabilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112936| title=Campus Life > Richard Wernham & Julia West Centre for Learning > Mandates| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=15 November 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826103245/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112936| archive-date=26 August 2010 }}</ref>
==Extracurricular activities==
Participation in extracurricular activities is encouraged at Upper Canada College; all students are required to complete 40 hours of Community Service as a part of their Ontario Secondary School Diploma as well as complete 150 hours of other extracurricular commitments, with an equal division between arts, athletics, and community service (what the IB calls ''CAS'': creativity, action, service),<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/CAS| title=Campus Life > Creativity, Action, Service (CAS)| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=24 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201211427/http://www.ucc.on.ca/CAS| archive-date=1 December 2010}}</ref>{{sfn| Upper Canada College| 2010| p=12}} prior to graduation.{{sfn| Thomson| Lafortune| 1999| p=497}}
===Arts and athletics===
Upper Canada College runs a variety of extracurricular theatre programs, ranging in scope and scale, from musicals to [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]], with at least one large-scale and one small-scale production each year. Smaller, student written and run plays are also produced. The theatre program, which includes all aspects of production, is run in conjunction with [[Bishop Strachan School]], a nearby girls' private school.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=119905| title=Campus Life > Arts > Extra-curricular Theatre Program| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=22 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706193609/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=119905| archive-date=6 July 2011 }}</ref> Various bands and music groups that practice extra-curricularly are also supported by the college, including a [[Concert band|wind ensemble, concert band]], stage band, [[String quartet|string ensemble]], jazz ensemble, and singers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=131511| title=Campus Life > Arts > Music| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=22 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706193635/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=131511| archive-date=6 July 2011 }}</ref> These groups compete in festivals at different levels and also organize fundraising concerts.<ref>{{Cite journal| title=Prep Band wins gold| journal=Current Times| page=1| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto| date=July 2002}}</ref> UCC has sports [[List of sports rivalries|rival]]ries with other boys' schools in Ontario.
[[File:Wilder complex.JPG|thumb|The William P. Wilder Sports Complex, an arena housing one NHL and one Olympic sized hockey rink]]
Sports teams run by UCC include [[alpine ski]], [[baseball]], [[basketball]], [[cricket]], [[Canadian football|football]], [[golf]], [[Ice hockey|hockey]], [[Sport rowing|rowing]], [[Rugby football|rugby]], [[lacrosse]], soccer, [[Squash (sport)|squash]], Swimming, [[Track and Field]], [[tennis]], and [[volleyball]].<ref name=Athletics>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=117333| title=Campus Life > Athletics > Upper School Athletics| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=22 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201210307/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=117333| archive-date=1 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.nelnetsolutions.com/collegeprofiles/Profile.aspx?inunid=2442&reprjid=11&sponsor=1&tabid=10023| title=Upper Canada College > Athletics| publisher=Peterson's| access-date=1 November 2010}}</ref>{{sfn| Upper Canada College| 2010| p=11}} Some teams are purely [[Intramural sports|intramural]], but 45 interscholastic teams compete in the [[CISAA]] and [[OFSAA]] and regularly place high in the standings at national and international competitions,<ref name=Athletics /><ref name=Why>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/whyucc |title=Admission > Why UCC? |publisher=Upper Canada College |access-date=22 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821103912/http://www.ucc.on.ca/whyucc |archive-date=21 August 2010}}</ref> such as the [[Head of the Charles Regatta]].<ref>{{Cite magazine| title=UCC rowers and Old Boys finish third at world class regatta| magazine=Old Times| date=Winter–Spring 2007| page=17| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto}}</ref>
===Programs===
The World Affairs Conference is Canada's oldest student run conference, begun in 1983 and organized in conjunction with [[Branksome Hall]] since the late 1980s. Held annually, the Conference has reached over 4,000 students, 25 countries, and 65 schools around the world.<ref name=UCCWAC>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112815| title=Conferences and Workshops > World Affairs Conference| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=24 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706193831/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112815| archive-date=6 July 2011 }}</ref> Past speakers have included [[Mehdi Hasan]], [[Ralph Nader]], [[Stephen Lewis]], [[Michael Ignatieff]], [[Susan Faludi]], [[Gwynne Dyer]], [[Thomas Homer-Dixon]],<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/uccnews?rc=0| title=Students think globally at World Affairs Conference| date=13 February 2007| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=24 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706193836/http://www.ucc.on.ca/uccnews?rc=0| archive-date=6 July 2011}}</ref> [[Geoffrey Hinton]], [[Roberta Bondar]], [[Masai Ujiri]], [[Francisco Sagasti|Francisco Salgasti]], [[Esko Aho]], [[Edward Snowden]], and [[Martin Luther King III]],<ref>{{Cite press release |last=Hall |first=Branksome |date=2023-02-06 |title=Martin Luther King III to address students at World Affairs Conference (WAC) on Thursday, February 9 at Upper Canada College in Toronto — Presented in partnership with Branksome Hall, WAC is Canada's longest running, student-led conference |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2023/02/06/2602482/0/en/Martin-Luther-King-III-to-address-students-at-World-Affairs-Conference-WAC-on-Thursday-February-9-at-Upper-Canada-College-in-Toronto-Presented-in-partnership-with-Branksome-Hall-WA.html |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=GlobeNewswire News Room |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/edward-snowden-tells-students-mass-data-collection-can-hamper-attempts-to-foil-attacks-1.2940798| title=Edward Snowden tells students mass data collection can hamper attempts to foil attacks| date=2 February 2015| publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation| access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/02/02/edward-snowden-and-greenwald-give-talk-for-toronto-high-school-students.html| last=Westlaar| first=Sean| title=Be wary of Harper's anti-terror bill, Edward Snowden warns Toronto students| date=2 February 2015| newspaper=Toronto Star| access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref> all of whom have spoken on a variety of topics including human rights, gender issues, justice, globalization, and health ethics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waconline.org/WAC/About.html| title=About| publisher=World Affairs Conference| access-date=24 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022063154/http://www.waconline.org/WAC/About.html| archive-date=22 October 2010 }}</ref> The conference has also received letters of support from both the [[Mayor of Toronto]] and the [[Prime Minister of Canada]].
In conjunction with other schools, UCC ran the [[Ontario Model Parliament]] (OMP), a simulation of a [[Legislative Assemblies of Canadian provinces and territories|provincial parliament]] that started in 1986, when it was founded by UCC teacher Paul Bennett,<ref name="OMPAbout">{{cite web| url=http://www.omp.on.ca/About.html| title=About > What is OMP| publisher=Ontario Model Parliament| access-date=2 November 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414033856/http://www.omp.on.ca/about.html| archive-date=14 April 2010}}</ref> and was composed of two events: an Elections Day at UCC, followed by a three-day simulation that took place in the legislative chamber at the [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario]]. UCC students made up the entirety of the Executive Committee that organizes and runs the model parliament,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.omp.on.ca/exec.html| title=About > Executive Committee| publisher=Ontario Model Parliament| access-date=2 November 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221204249/http://www.omp.on.ca/exec.html| archive-date=21 February 2015}}</ref> however 200 students from high schools around the province participated.<ref name="OMPAbout" /> Past Elections Day speakers have included [[Art Eggleton]], [[John Tory]], [[John Aimers]], [[Bob Rae]], and [[Rex Murphy]]. As of 2015, OMP has been replaced by OMUN, a Model UN conference now led by UCC students sometimes in conjunction with the Bishop Strachan School and Branksome Hall. OMUN hosts around 400–500 delegates annually and has multiple international delegations present. UCC hosts 50–100 clubs (depending on the term), with Model UN and DECA being among the most popular.
[[File:Edward Snowden at Upper Canada College, World Affairs Conference 2015.jpg|thumb|[[Edward Snowden]] speaking to students at the 2015 World Affairs Conference, a student-run conference at UCC.]]
The UCC Green School is an environmental organization composed of student, teachers, and faculty, through which UCC has planted and maintained an educational [[Organic gardening|organic]] garden, reduced [[landfill]] waste and water consumption, and implemented a program of purchasing renewable resources for renovations.<ref>{{citation| last=Centre for Environmental Sustainability| title=Green School Annual Report| publisher=Upper Canada College| year=2006| page=2| ref={{harvid| Upper Canada College| 2006}}}}</ref> The Green School has won awards from the City of [[Toronto]] and the [[National Audubon Society]].<ref>{{Cite magazine| last=Power| first=Jim| title=Message from the Principal: How'd we measure up?| magazine=Old Times| date=Winter–Spring 2007| page=21| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto}}</ref>
===Media===
The College maintains and administers its own publishing company, the UCC Press, which produces all school publications. It also once printed professional texts, novels, and histories, such as those by [[Robert Lowell]], but the UCC Press today prints the majority of school-related publications—newspaper, alumni magazines, financial reports, etc.—save for the ''College Times''. UCC provides several publications, most of which are written, directed, and printed by students.
The ''College Times'' is UCC's [[yearbook]] and is the oldest school publication in Canada, having been issued without fail since it was founded by [[John Ross Robertson]], then a student at UCC, in September 1857.{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=269}} The first editions were written by Robertson and fellow pupils and printed on presses at ''[[The Globe (Toronto newspaper)|The Globe]]'', the predecessor newspaper of the present ''[[The Globe and Mail]]''.{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p=270}} Past editors include [[Robertson Davies]], [[Michael Ignatieff]],<ref name=article4325078/> and [[Stephen Leacock]]. Issued more regularly, Upper Canada College also has an online publication, The Blue and White (TBAW, tbaw.ca) to which students submit articles about school life and current affairs. TBAW was founded in 2011 by William Hall. ''Old Times'' is the school's alumni magazine, which reports on the lives of Old Boys, and highlights recent and upcoming events.
Serials for the student body include ''The Blazer'', the college humour newspaper; ''Quiddity'', the school's annual arts and literature publication, which showcases students' creative work; ''The Blue Page'', a one-page weekly publication of letters to the editor expressing opinions on any relevant issue; and ''Convergence'', the school's award-winning student newspaper.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=132621&tn=Literature| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427092215/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=132621&tn=Literature| archive-date=27 April 2012| title=Campus Life > Arts > Literature| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=21 November 2011}}</ref> In addition, BluesTV was a student-led, school television network that started in 2007 and aired multimedia, slideshows of pictures from various school events, as well as promotional material created for the college. BluesTV became a subsidiary of the Media Association in 2009, fostering the operation of a live-announcement submission and display system.
===Community service===
Upper Canada College encourages students to engage in voluntary [[community service]].<ref name=Service>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112946| title=Campus Life > Creativity, Action, Service (CAS) > Service| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=15 November 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706193819/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112946| archive-date=6 July 2011 }}</ref> In relation to this, the college runs the Horizons program, in which local underprivileged children are tutored in music, digital media, and academics twice a week by current UCC students.<ref name=Service /> Further, each year, usually for two to four weeks during Spring Break, UCC also organises trips for 15 to 20 of its Upper School students to various [[developing countries]] where they take part in community building services such as constructing schools, [[Water well|wells]] and homes, or aiding in conservation work. Students have ventured to places like [[Venezuela]], [[El Salvador]], [[Kenya]],<ref>{{cite web| url=http://UCCVisitsLewa.tumblr.com| title=UCC Visits Lewa| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=4 November 2010}}</ref> and China.<ref name=Service />{{sfn| Upper Canada College| 2010| p=13}}
===Events===
Every year the school plans and runs several on or off-site events, some of which are open only to students in certain years, while others to the entire student population, alumni, and their respective friends and family. These events are intended to serve a variety of purposes—promoting school spirit, for enjoyment, [[fund raising]] or philanthropic causes—and many are organized by the [[#UCC Association|Upper Canada College Association]], with the help of parent and student volunteers.
Association Day is analogous to UCC's [[homecoming]]. Held since 1979, ''A-Day'', as it is informally known, constitutes the school's largest annual event, taking place over the last weekend of September and culminating on the Saturday with a large festival, including competitive matches for all fall sports teams and the Association Dinner for Old Boys celebrating their five-year incremental [[class reunion]]s.<ref name=UCCOld>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=113001&rc=0| title=Old Boys > Welcome > What is Association Day?| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=22 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022003918/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=113001| archive-date=22 October 2010 }}</ref> Later in the academic year is the Founder's Dinner, a formal event that has been held for more than a century. It typically takes place on the Thursday night before the third weekend in January, which is made a special long weekend for students as a commemoration of Sir John Colborne's birthday.<ref name=UCCOld2>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=113001&rc=0| title=Old Boys > Welcome > What is Founder's Dinner?| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=22 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022003918/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=113001| archive-date=22 October 2010 }}</ref> Another regular event is the UCC Gala, a black tie dinner and [[silent auction]] organized every three or four years in May.<ref>{{Cite journal| title=Gala chairs announced| journal=Current Times| page=3| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto| date=December 2005}}</ref>
[[File:Hotel Royal York (1250832247).jpg|thumb|right|The [[Fairmont Royal York|Royal York Hotel]], frequently the ___location of the Battalion Ball]]
Two secondary school student dances take place in the calendar year: The Battalion Ball originated out of the ''At Home'', a UCC community-wide event similar to a modern homecoming and first held in 1887. The revival of the UCC Rifle Corps in 1891 resulted in students attending the At Home in their cadet uniforms and, by 1897, a dance was added to the festivities in the evening, known as the ''Rifle Corps Dance''. By 1931, the dance became the ''Battalion Ball'', after the Rifle Corps was renamed the UCC Cadet Battalion, and, in 1971, the colloquial nickname ''The Batt'' was devised, which later developed into "Batt Ball". The event was held off-campus for the first time in 1975, at the [[Royal York Hotel (Toronto)|Royal York Hotel]], and, after 1976, when the Cadet Corps was disbanded, school uniforms replaced military attire, [[Rock and roll|rock]] bands played, and Batt Ball became more of a spring [[prom]]. Today, Batt Ball is reserved for students in grades 11 and 12, held at venues such as the [[Fairmont Royal York|Royal York Hotel]] or [[Arcadian Court]], with attire being [[tuxedo (clothing)|tuxedo]] for boys and [[evening gown]] or [[cocktail dress]] for girls, and music is provided by DJs.<ref>{{Cite magazine| last=Jerjian| first=Edward| title=Remember When...| magazine=Old Times| date=Summer–Fall 2006| page=9| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto}}</ref> The Stewards' Dance is UCC's fall semi-formal and is typically fashioned around [[costume party]] themes such as "Great Couples in History". The dance takes place in late October and is administered by the Board of Stewards for all students in grades 11 and above.
Various sporting events occur annually: Hockey Night has been held by the college since 1933 as an evening where the First Hockey team would play a feature game against one of UCC's rival schools in competition for the [[Foster Hewitt]] Victory Trophy.<ref name=TandN/> The game was held at [[Maple Leaf Gardens]], thanks to the generosity of the arena's builder, [[Conn Smythe]], and its (as well as the then [[Toronto Maple Leafs]]) owner, [[Harold Ballard]],{{sfn| Killbourn| 1984| p=177}} both themselves Old Boys. After the closing of The Gardens in 2000, the event was moved to the [[Air Canada Centre]] and then the [[Ricoh Coliseum]]. Over the decades other games were added to the roster, including a game involving the school's Junior Varsity team, the final game of the house hockey tournament, and a game between [[Havergal College]] and [[Bishop Strachan School]]. By the early 1990s, pleasure skating and Prep School games had been added to the evening's schedule. Further, the [[Terry Fox Run]] is one of Upper Canada College's most successful events; the school is an official site for the run, acting as the start and end point, as well as part of the course, which ventures throughout [[Toronto Belt Line Railway|Toronto's Belt-Line]]. UCC's Terry Fox Run is also the largest site and has raised the most money in the world since 2000.<ref>{{Cite journal| last=Aster| first=Andrea| title=UCC goes the distance for Terry| journal=Current Times| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto| date=December 2005}}</ref> The Prep Games Day is an annual held event at the junior school.
==Affiliations==
Upper Canada College is a member of the Conference of Independent Schools of Ontario (CIS), the [[Canadian Accredited Independent Schools]] (CAIS), the [[Secondary School Admission Test]] (SSAT) Board, the [[G30 Schools]], the Association of Boarding Schools (TABS) and an associate member of the [[National Association of Independent Schools]] (NAIS), the [[International Boys' Schools Coalition]] (IBSC), the Toronto Boys' School Coalition (TBSC), and the college principal is a member of the [[Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]] (HMC) in the UK.{{sfn| Thomson| Lafortune| 1999| p=489}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Toronto's foremost private boys school, operating under the IB Program. {{!}} Upper Canada College|url=https://www.ucc.on.ca/|access-date=2020-08-15|website=ucc.on.ca}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hmc.org.uk/schools/international.htm| title=About HMC > HMC Schools > International members| publisher=The Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference| access-date=27 February 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206222404/http://www.hmc.org.uk/schools/international.htm| archive-date=6 February 2012 }}</ref> Along with [[St. Andrew's College (Ontario)|St. Andrew's College]], [[Ridley College (Ontario)|Ridley College]], and [[Trinity College School]], UCC also remains one of the [[Conference of Independent Schools of Ontario Athletic Association|Little Big Four]], an athletic association of Ontario independent boys' schools established in the 19th century.
[[Bishop Strachan School]] (BSS) is located only two blocks from UCC, it is UCC's sister school. UCC students work on joint projects with students of other nearby girls' schools, including BSS, [[St. Clement's School]], [[Havergal College]], and [[Branksome Hall]].
The school had, between 2008 and 2009, a relationship with an [[Ontario Junior Hockey League]] team, the [[Toronto Patriots|Upper Canada Hockey Club]], though the team and the school were not directly affiliated. Upper Canada College is also a member of the Ontario Tennis Association.
==People==
===Alumni===
{{Main|List of Upper Canada College alumni}}
[[File:Obama and Ignatieff in Ottawa 2009.jpg|thumb|right|UCC Old Boy and then [[Leader of the Opposition (Canada)|Leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition]] [[Michael Ignatieff]] (right) meeting with President of the United States [[Barack Obama]] (centre), 2009]]
The college states that almost every UCC graduate, known as an ''Old Boy'', goes on to post-secondary schooling<ref name=UCCUP>{{cite web| url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/universityplacement| title=Campus Life > Upper School > University Placement| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=22 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706193516/http://www.ucc.on.ca/universityplacement| archive-date=6 July 2011}}</ref> The graduate community consists of over 6,000 Old Boys around the world and,<ref name=Why /> though the career paths of the college's alumni are varied, UCC has a reputation for educating [[List of Upper Canada College alumni|many prominent and notable graduates]].<ref name=CE/><ref name="Boarding"/><ref name="TL"/><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.exploreuccboarding.ca/| title=Explore UCC Boarding > UCC makes your life happen| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=26 November 2010}}</ref>
The school has produced 26 [[Rhodes Scholars]]<ref>{{citation| last=Aster| first=Andrea| url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/2015/12/01/kaleem-hawa-12-is-uccs-25th-rhodes-scholar/| title=Kaleem Hawa '12 is UCC's 25th Rhodes Scholar| date=1 December 2015| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=4 January 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105222051/http://www.ucc.on.ca/2015/12/01/kaleem-hawa-12-is-uccs-25th-rhodes-scholar/| archive-date=5 January 2016}}</ref> and five [[Loran Scholars Foundation|Loran Scholars]].<ref name=CE/><ref name=UCCUP/><ref>{{citation| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/rhodes-scholarship-facing-a-new-debate-over-its-past/article27435212/| last=Choise| first=Simon| title=Canadian Rhodes winners announced as scholarship debated| date=23 November 2015| work=The Globe and Mail| access-date=4 January 2016| url-access=subscription}}</ref> Six graduates became [[Lieutenant-Governor (Canada)|lieutenant governors]], four were appointed as [[Premier (Canada)|premiers]], seven as chief justices, and four were elected as [[List of mayors of Toronto|Mayor of Toronto]]. At least 18 Old Boys have been appointed to the Queen's/[[King's Privy Council for Canada]] and 18 were made Queen's/[[King's Counsel]]. Two were awarded the [[Victoria Cross]], two were appointed to the [[Order of the Companions of Honour]] and three to the [[Royal Victorian Order]], no less than 50 have been inducted into the [[Order of Canada]] since the honour's inception in 1967, 11 into the [[Order of Ontario]], and at least 14 have been accepted as fellows of the [[Royal Society of Canada]]. Ten are [[Olympic medalist|Olympic medallists]] and eight have played in the [[National Hockey League]].
===Faculty===
[[File:Stephen Leacock.jpg|thumb|[[Stephen Leacock]], who taught at Upper Canada College in the late 1800s]]
Notable faculty members of Upper Canada College have included:
* [[George Anthony Barber]] – Toronto's first school superintendent and founder of the [[Toronto Cricket, Skating and Curling Club|Toronto Cricket Club]]<ref>{{cite dictionary| url=https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/barber_george_anthony_10E.html| last=Armstrong| first=Frederick| title=Barber, George Anthony| dictionary=Dictionary of Canadian Biography| volume=10|year=1972| publisher=University of Toronto/Université Laval| access-date=23 February 2015}}</ref>
* [[Michael Barrett (physician)|Michael Barrett]] – physician and proponent and first Dean of the Ontario Medical College for Women (later [[Women's College Hospital]])<ref>{{cite dictionary| url=https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/barrett_michael_11E.html| last=Craig| first=G. M.| title=Barrett, Michael| dictionary=Dictionary of Canadian Biography| volume=11|year=1982| publisher=University of Toronto/Université Laval| access-date=24 February 2015}}</ref>
* [[John Colapinto]] — New Yorker staff writer, author of the novel ''About the Author'' (2001) and the ''New York Times'' bestselling nonfiction book ''[[As Nature Made Him]]'' (2000)
* [[Robertson Davies]] – author
* [[Mike Eben]] – [[Hec Crighton Trophy]] recipient, three-time all-star [[wide receiver]] in the [[Canadian Football League|CFL]], and radio and television narrator<ref>{{cite news| last=MacLeod| first=Robert| date=13 November 2012| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/football/where-are-they-now-mike-eben/article5268622/| title=Where are they now: Mike Eben| newspaper=The Globe and Mail| access-date=23 February 2015| url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* [[David Gilmour (writer)|David Gilmour]] – author and broadcast journalist
* [[Ralph Connor|Rev. Dr. Charles Gordon]] – author{{sfn| Killbourn| 1984| p=169}}
* [[Robert Sympson Jameson]] – chief justice of [[Dominica]] and [[Upper Canada]], member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada]], Speaker of the [[Legislative Council of the Province of Canada]], and chief superintendent of Education
* [[Stephen Leacock]] – most widely read English-speaking humourist in the world, 1915–1925
* Bruce Littlejohn – internationally recognized photographer, writer, and conservationist{{sfn| Killbourn| 1984| p=189}}
* J.P.M.B. "Jock" de Marbois – appointee to the [[Légion d'honneur]] and Commodore of the [[Royal Navy]] and [[Royal Canadian Navy]]{{sfn| Killbourn| 1984| p=173}}
* [[John McCaul]] – theologian, second President of [[University of Toronto|UofT]], and president of the Canadian Institute (later the [[Royal Canadian Institute]])<ref>{{cite dictionary| url=https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/mccaul_john_11E.html| last=Craig| first=G. M.| title=McCaul, John| dictionary=Dictionary of Canadian Biography| volume=11|year=1982| publisher=University of Toronto/Université Laval| access-date=23 February 2015}}</ref>
* James Alexander McClellan – president of the Educational Association of Ontario and education reformer<ref>{{cite dictionary| url=https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/mclellan_james_alexander_13E.html| last=Lanning| first=Robert| title=McLellan, James Alexander| dictionary=Dictionary of Canadian Biography| volume=13|year=1994| publisher=University of Toronto/Université Laval| access-date=24 February 2015}}</ref>
* Sir [[George Robert Parkin]] – leader of the [[Imperial Federation]] League and first secretary of the [[Rhodes Scholarship]]<ref>{{cite book| last=Wallace| first=W. Stewart| year=1948| chapter=Sir George Parkin| volume=V| page=89| publisher=University Associates of Canada| chapter-url=http://www2.marianopolis.edu/quebechistory/encyclopedia/SirGeorgeParkin-CanadianHistory.htm| editor-last=Bélanger| editor-first=Claude| title=L'Encyclopédie de l'Histoire du Québec| trans-title=The Quebec History Encyclopedia| series=Biographies| place=Toronto| access-date=22 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050312092653/http://www2.marianopolis.edu/quebechistory/encyclopedia/SirGeorgeParkin-CanadianHistory.htm| archive-date=2005-03-12}}</ref>
* Sir [[Edward Robert Peacock]] – Receiver General to the [[Duchy of Cornwall]] and the director of the [[Bank of England]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://qed.econ.queensu.ca/funds/peacock.php| last=McInnis| first=Marvin| title=Sir Edward Peacock| publisher=Queen's University| access-date=22 October 2010}}</ref>
* James Dodsley Humphreys – Toronto's "favourite tenor" and musical composer<ref>{{cite dictionary| url=https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/humphreys_james_dodsley_10E.html| last=Kallmann| first=Helmut| title=Humphreys, James Dodsley| dictionary=Dictionary of Canadian Biography| volume=10|year=1972| publisher=University of Toronto/Université Laval| access-date=24 February 2015}}</ref>
* [[Henry Scadding]] – Canadian intellectual
* [[Goldwyn Smith]] - British historian and founding professor at [[Cornell University]], administered exams in classics at UCC
* [[Arthur Sweatman]] – Archbishop of Toronto and [[Primate of the Anglican Church of Canada]]
* [[Arnold Walter]] – Austrian musician, founder of the [[Canadian Opera Company]], and Director of Music at UofT{{sfn| Howard| 1979| p={{page needed|date=February 2021}}}}
* Thomas Young – architect, illustrator of early Toronto, and founding member of the Canadian Institute<ref>{{cite dictionary| url=https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/young_thomas_1860_8E.html| last=Morris| first=Shirley| title=Young, Thomas| dictionary=Dictionary of Canadian Biography| volume=8|year=1985| publisher=University of Toronto/Université Laval| access-date=23 February 2015}}</ref>
===UCC Association===
The Upper Canada College Old Boys' Association is a non-profit organization established in 1891, on the day of the closure of the college's Russell Square campus. The name was changed in 1969 to the Upper Canada College Association,<ref name=TandN /> when the association expanded its mandate to include parents, faculty, staff and friends of the college in matters relating to UCC, such as governance and advancement.<ref name=UCCAssociation>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=113001| title=Old Boys > Welcome > What is the UCC Association?| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=22 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022003918/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=113001| archive-date=22 October 2010 }}</ref> Specific programs are also run by the association, including those that permit recent graduates to volunteer as mentors to students,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=113020| title=Community > Common Ties Mentorship| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=22 October 2010| archive-date=14 September 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914015426/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=113020}}</ref> and Old Boy reunions are set up around the world by the association's fifteen branches outside of Toronto: [[Calgary]], [[Halifax Regional Municipality|Halifax]], [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]], [[London, Ontario|London]], Montreal, [[Ottawa]], and [[Vancouver]] in Canada; [[Boston]], Los Angeles, New York City, and San Francisco in the United States; London in the United Kingdom; Hong Kong in China; and [[Budapest]] in Hungary.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112996| title=Old Boys > Association Branches| publisher=Upper Canada College| access-date=22 October 2010| archive-date=6 July 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706193600/http://www.ucc.on.ca/podium/default.aspx?t=112996}}</ref>
A 29-person board of directors, referred to as the Association Council, meets three times a year to discuss matters facing the college and plan association events; 21 of those on the council are elected by members of the association at its annual meeting, while the remaining eight are ex officio.<ref name=UCCAssociation /> Four of the 17 members of the college's board of governors come from the association board, including the President of the Association, and serve on the larger body for a three-year period.
==Arms, motto, and emblem==
[[File:Upper Canada College crest 1916-1931.svg|thumb|UCC's emblem from 1916 to 1931]]
Upper Canada College's motto is {{Langnf|la|palmam qui meruit ferat|let he who merited the palm bear it}},<ref name=CHA/> which was derived from a poem by [[John Jortin]] titled ''Ad Ventos—ante A.D. MDCCXXVII'' (Latin for 'To the Winds—Before [[Anno Domini|AD]] 1727'). The words, attached to the [[coat of arms|arms]] of [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Lord Nelson]] in 1797,<ref>{{cite book| last=Harrison| first=James| title=The Life of the Right Honourable Horatio Lord Viscount Nelson| volume=1| year= 2007| orig-date=1806| publisher=BiblioBazaar LLC| page=266| isbn=978-1-4346-0663-1}}</ref> were first used in relation to UCC in 1833, as part of an emblem stamped on the inside of books given as prizes, showing the phrase written on a ribbon tying together two laurel leaves around the school's name. Around 1850, a crown replaced the school's name; [[John Ross Robertson]] stated this was at the insistence of [[Henry Scadding]], who argued in favour of its use because the school had both been founded by a [[Lieutenant Governor (Canada)|lieutenant governor]] and was at first a royal [[grammar school]].<ref>{{Cite book| last=Robertson| first=John Ross| author-link=John Ross Robertson| title=Landmarks of Toronto| publisher=Nabu Press| year=1904| ___location=Charleston| isbn=978-1-149-43383-6}}</ref> The crown originally used was that of King [[George IV]].<ref name=Arms12>{{cite magazine| last=Cowan| first=Charles G.| title=A Grant of Arms| magazine=Old Times| date=January 1987| page=12| publisher=Upper Canada College| ___location=Toronto}}</ref>
In 1889, Scadding produced the design for an emblem which can still be seen over the doors to Laidlaw Hall at the college's Upper School. L.C. Kerslake described this emblem in 1956:
<blockquote>The small wreath, crossed anchor and sword in the centre of the crest are found in Lord Nelson's coat of arms.<br />
The open book in the upper left corner is symbolic of education which is the primary function of any school. The quadrant-shaped figure in the upper right corner is a section of the standard of St. George and signifies the school's connection with England and Great Britain, the native land of the founder, Lord Seaton.<br />
Technically speaking, the crown should not be included in the crest, as the school was not instituted by royal charter. However, loyalty to the Crown is one of the fundamental traditions of UCC and is certain to endure as long as the school itself.<br />
The cornua copiae just above the motto stands for the fullness of school life which is one of the distinctive marks of UCC.</blockquote>
This complex design, known as ''Scadding's Device'',{{sfn| Cowan| 1987| p=13}} which was just the Seal of Upper Canada as authorised in 1820 with the college's motto and palm branches applied, was never widely used.<ref name=How/> Instead, the simple crown between laurel leaves tied with a ribbon bearing the school's motto became the standard emblem, although its appearance changed over time in reflection of current tastes.
It was not until the mid-1970s, as the college approached its sesquicentennial, that consideration was given to having the emblem authorised by the [[College of Arms]] (Canada's heraldic authority at that time). The Armorial Bearings Committee was established to oversee the project, and a petition was submitted to the [[Earl Marshal]] in 1981.<ref name=Arms12/> The Board of Governors insisted that the school's traditional emblem be incorporated into the forthcoming [[Achievement (heraldry)|achievement]]; however, as the emblem includes a royal crown, it was necessary to obtain the [[Monarchy of Canada|Canadian monarch]]'s personal permission to use it officially. This was done via the [[Lieutenant Governor of Ontario]], then [[John Black Aird]] (himself a UCC Old Boy), and Queen [[Elizabeth II]] consented to the request, making UCC the only institution of its kind in the Commonwealth of Nations to have the royal crown in its arms.{{sfn| Cowan| 1987| p=13}}
[[File:UCC letters patent.jpg|thumb|right|The [[letters patent]] granting UCC its [[Heraldic flag#Standard|heraldic standard]] (top left), [[coat of arms|arms]] (centre left), and [[Heraldic badge|badge]] (lower left)]]
The [[letters patent]] granting UCC its armorial devices, including a [[Heraldic flag#Standard|heraldic standard]], were issued on 4 January 1985, the 155th anniversary of the college's first day of classes.{{sfn| Cowan| 1987| p=14}} The traditional emblem became the school's official [[Heraldic badge|badge]]. However, as text and numbers are normally not included in such badges, the motto was omitted, but the King of Arms made an exception to the rules by allowing the retention of the date ''1829''.{{sfn| Cowan| 1987| p=14}} The emblem also became the [[Crest (heraldry)|crest]] of the school's new arms, although without the number ''1829'', since heraldic rules dictate that the royal crown must sit directly on the helmet.
The [[Escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon]] of the arms shows two deer's heads in the chief (one being the crest of the arms of the founder, [[John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton|Lord Seaton]], and the other taken from the arms of Bishop [[John Strachan]], the first chairman of the board of governors) while, below a [[Line (heraldry)|line of division]] embattled as in Lord Seaton's arms, is the aforementioned Scadding's Device surmounted by another royal crown. The shield is supported by a master in academic gown (on the left) and a student in [[cricket]] uniform (on the right), both styled as figures from the mid-19th century.{{sfn| Cowan| 1987| p=13}} These armorial devices were registered with the [[Canadian Heraldic Authority]] in 2005.<ref name=CHA>{{cite web |url=https://www.gg.ca/en/heraldry/public-register/project/490 |title=Registration of Arms, Supporters and Badge |work=Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada |publisher=Official website of the Governor General |access-date=25 November 2022}}</ref>
==In media==
In the 2006 film ''[[Bon Cop, Bad Cop]]'', the main character of Martin Ward ([[Colm Feore]]) is a graduate of Upper Canada College.<ref>{{citation| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/now-playing/article731506/| last1=Groen| first1=Rick| last2=Lacey| first2=Liam| last3=Taylor| first3=Kate| last4=Cole| first4=Stephen| title=Now Playing| date=25 August 2006| newspaper=The Globe and Mail| access-date=15 February 2015| url-access=subscription}}</ref> The school is also mentioned in [[Michael Ondaatje]]'s ''[[In the Skin of a Lion]]'' as an institution into which the wealthy in [[Rosedale, Toronto]], wished to enroll their eldest sons.<ref>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d_D5Ii3PMAAC&q=%22upper+canada+college%22+%22skin+of+a+lion%22&pg=PT89| last=Ondaatje| first=Michael| title=In the Skin of a Lion| publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group| year=2011| isbn=9780307776631}}</ref>
UCC was a filming ___location for the 1993 movie ''[[Searching for Bobby Fischer]]''<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108065/locations?ref_=tt_dt_dt| title=Searching for Bobby Fischer (1993): Filming Locations| website=IMDb| access-date=25 February 2015}}</ref> and was the focus of episode eight of season nine of the [[Rogers Television]] show ''Structures''.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDM2924432&R=2924432| title=Structures. 2007–2008 Episode 8, Upper Canada College| publisher=Toronto Public Library| access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3599464/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1| title=Structures: Season 9, Episode 8: Upper Canada College| website=IMDb| access-date=13 October 2015}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Education in Ontario]]
* [[List of Canadian organizations with royal patronage]]
* [[Lower Canada College]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|https://www.ucc.on.ca/}}
* [http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/search.jsp;jsessionid=qIazMB4BQM+1FWxfL0wSd5Nb.tplapp-p-1a?Ntt=Upper+Canada+College.&Ntk=Subject_Search_Interface Toronto Public Library: Catalogue for Upper Canada College]
* [http://torontoplaques.com/Pages/Upper_Canada_College.html Toronto Plaques: Upper Canada College] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018075617/http://torontoplaques.com/Pages/Upper_Canada_College.html |date=18 October 2015 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150403000227/http://www.armycadethistory.com/Video_and_film/CC17_1930s.wmv The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada Regimental Museum and Archives: 1930s inspection of the UCC Cadet Corps (video)]
{{Upper Canada College}}
{{Toronto High Schools}}
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[[Category:Upper Canada College| ]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Canada with royal patronage]]
[[Category:Boys' schools in Canada]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in Ontario]]
[[Category:Private schools in Toronto]]
[[Category:High schools in Toronto]]
[[Category:Elementary schools in Toronto]]
[[Category:Preparatory schools in Ontario]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1829]]
[[Category:International Baccalaureate schools in Ontario]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Clock towers in Canada]]
[[Category:Terminating vistas in Canada]]
[[Category:1829 establishments in Upper Canada]]
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