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{{Short description|Open-Source virtual appliance library}}
{{Infobox OS
|
| screenshot = TurnKey Linux Webmin 3.png
| family = [[Linux]] ([[Unix-like]])
| source_model = [[Open-source software|Open source]]
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| working_state = Current
| website = {{URL|https://www.turnkeylinux.org}}
| latest_release_version = {{wikidata|property|reference|P348}}
| supported_platforms = [[IA-32]], [[X86-64]]▼
| latest release date = {{start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|P348|P577}}}}
| updatemodel = [[Advanced Packaging Tool|APT]]
| package_manager = [[dpkg]]
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== Features ==
The project maintains around 100 [[virtual appliance]]s, all freely licensed, with daily automatic security updates and backup capabilities.<ref name="TurnKeySoftwareAppliances">{{cite web | title = TurnKey
They are packaged in formats for different virtualization platforms, and two builds for installing onto physical media (to non-virtualized hard disk or USB from a hybrid ISO) or onto the [[Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud]].<ref name="BuildTypes">{{Cite web |title = Supported virtualization platforms and build types | work = TurnKey
* [[Virtual appliance]]s distributed as [[virtual machine]] types such as:
** [[Open Virtualization Format]] (OVA) - As of v14.0 was the default VM format. It supports [[VirtualBox]] and most [[VMware]] products (e.g. [[VMware Workstation|Workstation]], [[VMware Player|Player]], [[VMware Fusion|Fusion]] and [[VMware ESX|vSphere/ESX]]). Also includes open-vmtools (for VMware).
** [[VMDK]] - "VM" in Turnkey Linux download mirrors - As above, but packaged as a zip containing a VMDK vHDD as well as a VMX (legacy VMware vm config file). Runs on [[Kernel-based Virtual Machine|KVM]]/[[QEMU]]<ref name="KVM">{{cite web |title = Using default VM build with KVM | work = TurnKey
** [[OpenStack]]
** [[LXC|Container]] - This somewhat generic container format is specifically packaged for [[Proxmox Virtual Environment|Proxmox]] (as tar.gz) (and formerly [[OpenNode]] too). These builds can be downloaded direct within Proxmox's WebUI<ref>{{cite web |url=http://forum.proxmox.com/threads/8462-Appliance-downloads-are-back-%28Proxmox-VE-2-0rc1%29-including-TurnKey-Linux-library |title=Appliance downloads are back (Proxmox VE 2.0rc1) including TurnKey Linux library|date=23 February 2012 |work=Martin Maurer - Proxmox VE project lead via ProxmoxVE announcement thread|accessdate=15 April 2012}}</ref> (and formerly via OpenNode's interface<ref>{{cite web |url=http://opennodecloud.com/article/introducing-turnkey-linux-appliance-library/ |title=Introducing TurnKey Linux Appliance Library |date=18 October 2013 |work=OpenNode Cld Platform |access-date=8 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220050230/http://opennodecloud.com/article/introducing-turnkey-linux-appliance-library |archive-date=20 February 2014 }}</ref>). The tar.gz archive is also known to work with both vanilla [[OpenVZ]] and [[LXC]] with minimal tweaking.
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== History ==
Founded by engineers of an Israeli startup,<ref name="Scannell2009-03-10">{{cite news | last = Scannell | first = Ed | date = March 10, 2009 | title = TurnKey Linux Delivers Open Source Appliances | work = [[InformationWeek]] | url = http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/linux/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=215801604&subSection=Integration | accessdate = March 23, 2009 | archive-date = August 13, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090813085431/http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/linux/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=215801604&subSection=Integration | url-status = dead }}</ref> the project was conceived in mid-2008 as a community-oriented open source project that would focus on helping users piece together turnkey solutions from open source components in the largest Linux distributions. According to one of TurnKey Linux's co-founders, the project was in part inspired by a desire to provide open source alternatives to proprietary virtual appliance vendors that would be aligned with user interests and could engage the community.<ref name="Panettieri2009-03-12">{{cite news | last = Panettieri | first = Joe | date = March 12, 2009 | title = 12 Ubuntu Server Appliances Meet the Cloud | work = WorksWithU | url = http://www.workswithu.com/2009/03/12/12-ubuntu-server-appliances-meet-the-cloud/ | access-date = March 23, 2009 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130209110133/http://www.workswithu.com/2009/03/12/12-ubuntu-server-appliances-meet-the-cloud/ | archive-date = February 9, 2013 }}</ref>
The project launched in September 2008 with three prototype appliances for Drupal, Joomla and LAMP, based on the Ubuntu 8.04.1 build.<ref name="UbuntuWeeklyNewsletter108">{{cite journal | year = 2008 | title = TurnKey Linux: new project builds Ubuntu based Live CD appliances | journal = Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter | issue = 108 | url = https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuWeeklyNewsletter/Issue108#TurnKey%20Linux:%20new%20project%20builds%20Ubuntu%20based%20Live%20CD%20appliances | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref> In the following months usability was improved and a dozen additional appliances were released including Ruby on Rails, MediaWiki and Django.<ref name="Fransen2009-02-25">{{cite news | last = Fransen | first = Matto | date = February 25, 2009 | title = Kant-en-klare open source bedrijfsapplicaties | work = Infoworld | url = http://www.infoworld.nl/web/Artikel/Kant-en-klare-open-source-bedrijfsapplicaties.htm | accessdate = March 23, 2009 | archive-date = April 2, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090402063654/http://www.infoworld.nl/web/Artikel/Kant-en-klare-open-source-bedrijfsapplicaties.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref>
In October 2009, the project released 40 appliances based on Ubuntu 8.04.3 including 25 new additions to the virtual appliance library. The release included support for [[Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud]], and a new [[Virtual machine image]] format with [[Open Virtualization Format|OVF]] support.
TurnKey Linux was listed as a winner of the 2009 "Bossies" by [[InfoWorld]] as one of the "top 40 open source products" of that year.<ref name="DineleyBorckMobley2009-08-31">{{cite news | last1 = Dineley | first1 = Doug | last2 = Borck | first2 = James R. | last3 = Mobley | first3 = High | date = August 31, 2009 | title = Best of Open Source Software Awards 2009 | work = [[InfoWorld]] | url = http://infoworld.com/d/open-source/best-open-source-software-awards-2009-628?page=0,2 | accessdate = 24 February 2010 }}</ref><ref>
In September 2010, Turnkey Linux Backup and Migration (TKLBAM) was announced..<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/announcing-tklbam | title=a new kind of smart backup/restore system that just works | date=8 September 2010 | work=Liraz Siri | accessdate=18 February 2019}}</ref> In November 2010, further additions to TKLBAM were announced including the integration of Webmin, which was discussed as a future feature in the original unveiling of the TKLBAM.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/turnkey-11.0rc-part1#webmin-tklbam | title=New release candidates for TurnKey Linux 11.0 (part 1) | date=23 November 2010 | work=Liraz Siri | accessdate=18 February 2019}}</ref>
Turnkey Linux was nominated for the SourceForge February 2012 Project of the Month.<ref>{{cite web |url=
In August 2012, version 12.0 was released with the library increased to include over 100 appliances. This release also marked a move away from [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]] as the underlying [[
Early June 2013 saw a significant change of tack with the version 12.1 update release; built with the new "TKLDev" open build infrastructure. This release also included the first [[64 bit|X86-64]] builds.<ref>{{cite web |url=
November 2013 saw the release of v13.0, based on [[Debian]] 7.2 (a.k.a. Wheezy).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/turnkey-13-and-tklbam-1.4 |title=TurnKey 13 out, TKLBAM 1.4 now backup/restores any Linux system|date=21 November 2013 |work=Liraz Siri |accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref>
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The TurnKey Core has a footprint of approximately 110 MB, and is available as a separate download. Application software is installed on top of the Core, which typically increases the size of a virtual appliance up to approximately 160 MB.<ref name="LinuxDevices2009-03-09">{{cite news | date = March 9, 2009 | title = Open source server appliances ship | work = LinuxDevices.com | url = http://www.linuxdevices.com/news/NS9199443802.html | access-date = March 23, 2009 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130127194545/http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/Open-source-server-appliances-ship/ | archive-date = 27 January 2013 | url-status = dead }}</ref> By downloading and installing the appliance package to the hard drive, it is intended by the developers that administrators would gain an easy method of setting up a dedicated server.<ref name="Fransen2009-02-25" />
New software appliances, or customised appliances can be developed by forking the appropriate appliance build code on [[GitHub]]<ref>[https://github.com/turnkeylinux-apps Turnkey Linux Appliance Build code repository]</ref> and then built using TKLDev.<ref>[http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/tklpatch TKLDev - Appliance Build Engine]</ref> Additionally appliances can also be customized and extended using TKLPatch,<ref>[http://www.turnkeylinux.org/doc/tkldev TKLPatch - a simple appliance customization mechanism]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> a simple appliance modification mechanism.
TurnKey Linux can be run as a [[virtual machine]] with [[VirtualBox]] and [[VMWare]], although the former has been described as having been provided with more documentation.<ref name="Proffitt2010-02-15">{{cite news | last = Proffitt | first = Brian | date = February 15, 2010 | title = Virtual Appliances Offer Fast Sandboxes, Production Environments | work = ITWorld | url = http://www.itworld.com/open-source/96666/virtual-appliances-offer-fast-sandboxes-production-environments | accessdate = 24 February 2010 }}</ref>
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<gallery>
Image:Confconsole0.9.4-1.jpg|Configuration console
Image:TurnKey Linux Webmin
Image:TurnKey Linux Webmin
<!-- Image:Webshell1.jpg|AJAX web shell -->
</gallery>
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