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{{semi-retired|... due to a variety of reasons; Cheers.}}
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__NOTOC__
The current time and date is '''{{CURRENTTIME}}, [[{{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}]], [[{{CURRENTYEAR}}]]''' ([[UTC]]). —
'''[[Wikipedia:Size of Wikipedia|Current articles total]]''': ''[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]]''
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===Main===
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''General''
*''[[Wikipedia:WikiProject History|Wiki.history >>]]''
*''[[User:Reddi/Sandbox|Sandbox >>]]''
*[[Wikipedia:Images|图]]
''Contact''
*''[[special:Emailuser/Reddi|email:Reddi >>]]''<br>
*'''''[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Reddi&action=edit§ion=new Comments >>]
*''[[User talk:Reddi|Messages >>]]''
''Useful''
*''[http://toolserver.org/~dispenser/view/Main_Page Toolserver >>]''
*''[[User:Reddi/Common formattings|Formattings >>]]''
*''[[User:Reddi/Notes|Notes and articles>>]]''
''WP:Info''
*''[http://www.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/Sitemap.htm Secret stats >>]''
*''[[Wikipedia:WP|WP:WP >>]]''
*''[[Special:Specialpages|Special articles >>]]''
*''[http://mail.wikipedia.org/ wikimail: >>]''<br>
''Review''
* [[Wikipedia:Editor review/Reddi|Editor review 2011]]
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===[[Special:Watchlist/clear|A Moment of Zen]]===
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{{User talk:Reddi/Moment of Zen}}
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''Last peace'' : 05:54, 13 June 2014 (UTC)
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===Currently Reading===
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* [1303.6614] [http://arxiv.org/abs/1303.6614 On the Statistical Significance of the Bulk Flow Measured by the PLANCK Satellite]. arxiv.org
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===Favorite Color===
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'''[[Red]]'''
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[[File:Color icon red.svg|noframe|200px|center]]
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===Articles===
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''Please edit and improve these'' ...
* [[Terpander]]
* [[Instanton]]
* [[Cliodynamics]]
* [[List of emerging technologies]]
* [[Native Americans in the United States]]
* [[Kansas in the American Civil War]]
* [[Significant other]]
* [[Bison hunting]]
* [[Tipi]]
... ''and [[:Category:Stubs|other articles]], like [[:Category:History stubs|History stubs]], that [[:Category:Articles to be expanded|need to be expanded]]''.
----
''I have improved these articles'' ...
* [[Universal history]]
* [[Historical powers]]
* [[History of electromagnetism]]
* [[History of mathematical notation]]
* [[History of writing]]
* [[Atmospheric electricity]]
* [[Emerging technologies]]
* [[Invention of radio]]
* [[John Stone Stone]]
* [[Maritime history]]
* [[Pax Americana]]
* [[Necho II]]
... ''and quite a few other articles. I'm interested in these'' ...
* [[History]]
** [[Prehistory]]
** [[Ancient history]]
** [[Postclassical Era|Medieval history]]
** [[Early modern history]]
*** [[Renaissance]]
** [[Modern history]]
*** [[Contemporary history]]
... ''and many more (like the [[Kaw people]] and the [[Delaware Tribe of Indians|Delaware]])''.
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===Awards===
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[[File:Tutnum6.jpg|noframe|center|111px]]
;[[Wikipedia:Service awards|Editor service award]]: [http://books.google.com/books?id=X5sRAAAAIAAJ Complete and Perfect Tutnum of the Encyclopedia].
;Edits: 44444+
;First edit: [[2003]]-[[July 4|07-04]] 13:34:12
;Image uploads: [http://toolserver.org/~daniel/WikiSense/Gallery.php?wikilang=en&wikifam=.wikipedia.org&since=&until=&img_user_text=Reddi&order=-img_timestamp&max=25&order=img_timestamp&format=html 125+]
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===Portals===
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|{{portal|Technology|boxsize=64}}
|{{portal|History|boxsize=64}}
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|{{portal|Geography}}
|{{portal|Society}}
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|{{portal|Astronomy}}
|{{portal|Space}}
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|{{portal|Information technology}}
|{{portal|Energy}}
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|{{portal|History of science}}
|{{portal|Physics}}
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|{{portal|Egyptology}}
|{{portal|Science}}
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|{{portal|Astrology}}
|{{portal|Occult}}
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===My site===
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A collection of [[life, the universe, and everything]] ...
<br> <br>
<big>
<center>
[http://www.symbaloo.com/profile/jdredding Symbaloo]
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</big>
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===Recommended site===
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A [[website]] that you should check out ...
<br> <br>
<big>
<center>
[http://showmenonstop.com/#Maritime_history Maritime history]<br />
<small><small>[SMxNS]</small></small>
</center>
</big>
<br>
... so, go check it out. Maybe you will have fun or learn something interesting.
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===Radio and music===
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Wanna listen to something? Check out these [[Internet radio|iStations]] ...
* [http://www.radio-locator.com/ radio-locator.com]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/radio/ bbc.co.uk/iplayer]
* [http://www.npr.org/ www.npr.org]
* [http://betterpropaganda.com/ betterpropaganda.com]
... maybe you will find some good sounds for your ears.
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===Sugested sounds===
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I currently favor and am listening to ...
* [[The Iceberg/Freedom Of Speech... Just Watch What You Say!]]
... and it's good. You should check it out.
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===Movies and shows===
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Wanna watch something? Check out this [[entertainment]] ...
* [[Moon (film)]]
* [[Once (film)]]
* [[Equilibrium (film)]]
* [[Heist (film)]]
* [[Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope]]
* [[Blade Runner]]
* [[Paycheck (film)]]
* [[2001: A Space Odyssey]]
* [[The Matrix]]
* [[Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005 film)]]
* [[The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford]]
... maybe you will find some good thoughts for your head.
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===Free energy===
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Alternative free energy, in a ''strict sense'', is energy directly transceived from the environment, and utilized without any artificial aid. In a ''technical sense'', free energy means an energy source supplied directly by the environment in unlimited quantity (and this can not be depleted). Free energy here is equated with renewable energy, which is energy from a source which is not subject to depletion and does not include energy sources which are dependent upon limited resources. For more, see these articles ...
* [[Sustainable energy|Sustainable]] [[Renewable energy|renewable]] and [[Alternative energy|alternative energy]]
* [[Soft energy technology]] and [[renewable energy commercialization]]
* [[Energy development]] and [[sustainable energy]]
* [[Distributed generation]] and [[energy development]]
"Free energy" generally means that the primary energy source is "free" (i.e. does not cost anything) for consumption. Thus, free energy is the energy with no or negligible [[feedstock]] costs, including [[solar power]] (sometimes referred to as "electro-radiant energy"), [[telluric power]], [[water power]], and [[wind power]]. Free energy is reported in [[perpetual motion machine]]s and the inquiries can be engaged in serious discussion of such machines in [[History of perpetual motion machines|Free energy and perpetual motion history]].
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===Quotes===
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: There manifests itself in the fully developed being - [[Man]] - a [[desire]] mysterious, inscrutable and irresistible: to imitate [[nature]], to create, to work himself the wonders he perceives. Long ago he recognized that all perceptible matter comes from a primary substance, or [[dict:tenuous|tenuity]] beyond conception, filling all space, the [[Akasa (Pali)|Akasa]] or [[Transmission medium|luminiferous]] [[Aether theories|aether]], which is acted upon by the life giving [[Prana]] or [[creative force]], calling into [[existence]], in never ending cycles all [[dict:thing|thing]]s and [[phenomena]]. The [[primary substance]], thrown into infinitesimal whirls of prodigious velocity, becomes gross matter; the [[force]] subsiding, the [[motion]] ceases and [[matter]] disappears, reverting to the primary substance.
<div style="text-align:right;">— [[Nikola Tesla]]<br />
<small>Man's Greatest Achievement</small><br />
<small>May 13, 1907</small></div>
:The [[scientist|scientific man]] does not aim at an immediate result. He does not expect that his advanced [[idea]]s will be readily taken up. His work is like that of a planter for the future. His [[duty]] is to lay the foundation of those who are to come and point the way.
<div style="text-align:right;">— Nikola Tesla</div>
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===Userboxes===
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| id = [[File:Whiskey barrels.jpg|42px]]
| info = This user likes '''[[Jack Daniel's|Old No.7]]'''.}}{{clear}}
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| id = [[File:WoodtipSS.png|42px]]
| info = This user likes '''[[Swisher Sweets|Swisher Sweet]]''' woodtips.}}{{clear}}
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| info = This user reads the '''''[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|The Wikipedia Signpost]]'''''. Do you?}}{{clear}}
{{userbox
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| info = This user likes to check his [[horoscope]]s at [http://www.easyscope.com EasyScopes] and [http://www.astrologyzone.com/ Astrology Zone] for [[fun]].}}{{clear}}
{{userbox
| float = left
| id-c = #B22222
| border-c = #000000
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| id = [[Image:Chess.svg|42px]]
| info = This user enjoys the [[Chess|Game of Kings]] and knows the [[rules of chess]].}}{{clear}}
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===Current mood===
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<tt>
[[Image:Gnome-face-cool.svg|nofrane|center|111px]]<br>[[wiktionary:Cool#Adjective|Cool #9]]
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<small>
;Faces: [[:Image:Gnome-face-angel.svg|Angel]] · [[:Image:Gnome-face-cool.svg|Cool]] · [[:Image:Gnome-face-crying.svg|Crying]] · [[:Image:Gnome-face-devilish.svg|Devilish]] · [[:Image:Gnome-face-embarrassed.svg|Embarrassed]] · [[:Image:Gnome-face-kiss.svg|Kiss]] · [[:Image:Gnome-face-monkey.svg|Monkey]] · [[:Image:Gnome-face-plain.svg|Plain]] · [[:Image:Gnome-face-raspberry.svg|Raspberry]] · [[:Image:Gnome-face-sad.svg|Sad]] · [[:Image:Gnome-face-smile.svg|Smile]] · [[:Image:Gnome-face-smile-big.svg|Big smile]] · [[:Image:Gnome-face-smirk.svg|Smirk]] · [[:Image:Gnome-face-surprise.svg|Surprised]] · [[:Image:Gnome-face-wink.svg|Wink]]
</small>
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{{NoAutosign}}
==''[[Netizen]]''==
'''Real [[Name]]''': J. D. [[Redding]]<br>
'''[[Nickname]]''': Reddi ([[Slang]]: ready)<br>
'''[[Location]]''': '''[[United States of America|USA]] - [[North America|NA]] - [[earth|Terra]] - [[Solar System|Sol]]<br>
'''[[Website]]''': [https://sites.google.com/site/reddingproject/ The Redding Project] <br>
'''[[Sex|Gender]]''': Male<br>
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===''Go Search''===
<inputbox>
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===''Edit''===
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===''Books I ...''===
{|align=right style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em;"
|[[Image:SanDiegoCityCollegeLearningResource_-_bookshelf.jpg|thumb|200px|Books that I own will be listed, though they are not as many as the ones in the picture.]]
|}
... own, use, have read, or use for the rainy days will be listed below. Though this is a listing of books I had owned, not everything I had and read will I list here. The books I ...
=====''recommend ...''=====
* McWilliams, P. (1994). Life 101: Everything we wish we had learned about life in school — but didn't. Los Angeles, Calif: Prelude Press.
* Trefil, J. S. (1992). 1001 things everyone should know about science. New York: Doubleday.
* Sindermann, C. J. (1982). [http://books.google.com/books?id=b_qRxkAgYQYC Winning the games scientists play]. New York: Plenum Press.
* Hovenden, F. (1905). [http://books.google.com/books?id=7AUCAAAAYAAJ On false education]. London: Watts.
* [[Aldous Huxley|Huxley, A]]. (1921) [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1999 Crome Yellow]. (1932) [[Brave New World]]. (1958) [[Brave New World Revisited]].
* Huxley, A. (1945). [[The Perennial Philosophy]]. Harper & Brothers.
* [[Thomas Dekker (writer)|Dekker, T.]], [[William Henry Oliphant Smeaton|Smeaton, W. H. O.]] (1620). [http://books.google.com/books?id=R84YAAAAYAAJ The Pleasant Comedy of Old Fortunatus].
=====''read and find interesting ...''=====
* Heckscher, M., & Rogalski, M. (2006). Use this book!: The only book you'll ever need. Philadelphia: Quirk Books.
* Pheby, J. A. (1995). What's that: The Oxford [[visual dictionary]] of nearly everything. New York: Tess Press.
* Bothamley, J. (1993). [[List of theories|Dictionary of theories]]. London: Gale Research International.
* Reader's Digest Association. (1986). How to do just about anything. Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader's Digest Association
* Kuper, A., & Kuper, J. (1985). The [[Social science]] encyclopedia. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
* Ryan, M. G. (1979). The complete encyclopedia of [[stitchery]]. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday.
* Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, & Jay, F. (1977). IEEE standard dictionary of [[Index of electronics articles|electrical and electronics terms]]. New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
* Graf, R. F. (1974). Radio Shack dictionary of electronics. Fort Worth, Tex: Radio Shack.
* Encyclopaedia Britannica, inc. (1957). Encyclopedia Britannica 1957. Chicago, Ill: Encyclopaedia Britannica.
* [[Charles Singer|Singer, C. J.]], & Williams, T. I. (1954). A [[History of Technology]]. Oxford: Clarendon Press (Volume 1 to 5)
* McClane, A. J. (1951). The Wise fishermen's encyclopedia: An encyclopedic handbook for fishermen covering the game fish of the world and how to catch them. New York: Wm. H. Wise &.
* The Lincoln library of essential information; An up-to date manual for daily reference, for self-instruction, and for general culture. (1924). Buffalo: The Frontier Press.
* Chisholm, H. (1922). [[The Encyclopædia britannica]]; the [[History of the Encyclopædia Britannica|new volumes, constituting, in combination with the twenty-nine volumes of the eleventh edition, the twelfth edition of that work, and also supplying a new, distinctive, and independent library of reference dealing with events and developments of the period 1910 to 1921 inclusive]]. London: Encyclopædia Britannica, Co. (Volume 1 to 3)
* [[Hawkins electrical guide]] ... Questions, answers & illustrations; a progressive course of study for [[electrical engineer|engineer]]s, [[electrician]]s, students and those desiring to acquire a working knowledge of [[electricity]] and its applications; a practical treatise. (1917). New York: T. Audel &. Volume 1 - 10.
=====''have read ...''=====
* Ikenson, B. (2004). Patents : Ingenious Inventions, How They Work and How They Came to Be. Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. 288 pages.
* United States. (2003). Soldier's manual of common tasks: Skill level 1. Field manual. Washington (d.c.): Department of the Army; Headquarters.
* Iannini, R. E. (2003). Electronic gadgets for the evil genius: 21 build-it-yourself projects. TAB electronics. New York: McGraw-Hill.
* Valone, T. (2002). Harnessing the wheelwork of nature: Tesla's science of energy. Kempton, Ill: Adventure Unlimited Press.
* Tesla, N., & Childress, D. H. (2000). The Tesla papers. Kempton, Ill: Adventures Unlimited.
* Seifer, M. J. (1998). Wizard: The life and times of Nikola Tesla : biography of a genius. New York: Citadel Press/Kensington Publishing.
* Tesla, N., & Childress, D. H. (1993). The fantastic inventions of Nikola Tesla. The Lost science series. Stelle, Ill: Adventures Unlimited.
* Wright, R. (1992). Stolen continents: The Americas through Indian eyes since 1492. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
* Hart, M. H. (1992). [[The 100: A ranking of the most influential persons in history]]. Secausus, N.J.: Carol Pub. Group.
* Laubin, R., Laubin, G., & Vestal, S. (1989). The [[tipi|Indian tipi]]: Its history, construction, and use. Norman, Okla: University of Oklahoma Press.
* Fletcher, C., & Fletcher, C. (1984). The complete walker III: The joys and techniques of hiking and backpacking. New York: Knopf.
* Cheney, M. (1981). "Tesla: Man Out of Time". New York, Barnes & Noble Books.
* Grant, M. (1978). History of Rome. New York: Scribner's.'
* Burke, J. (1978). Connections. Boston: Little, Brown.
* Cain, A. H. (1970). Young people and revolution. New York: John Day.
* Andrews, E. B. (1914). History of the United States, Illustrated. Volume 6. Scribner's.
=====''recommend for a rainy day'' ...=====
*Adams, D. (1993). [[Mostly harmless]]. Hitchiker series ; 05. New York: Ballantine Books.
*McWilliams, P. (1990). Life 101: Everything we wish we had learned about life in school--but didn't. Los Angeles, Calif: Prelude Press.
*Adams, D., Adams, D., Adams, D., Adams, D., & Adams, D. (1991). [[The complete hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy]]. Voyager expanded book. Santa Monica, CA: Voyager.
* Tolkien, J. R. R. (1977). The Silmarillion. New York: Ballantine Books.
* Tolkien, J. R. R. (1973). The fellowship of the ring: Being the first part of The lord of the rings. The Lord of the rings, Pt. 1. New York: Ballantine Books.
* Tolkien, J. R. R. (1973). The two towers: Being the second part of The lord of the rings. The lord of the rings, Pt. 2. New York: Ballantine Books.
*Tolkien, J. R. R. (1973). The return of the king: Being the third part of The lord of the rings. The lord of the rings, Pt. 3. New York: Ballantine Books.
* Tolkien, J. R. R., & Tolkien, C. (1984). The book of lost tales: Part I. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
=====''read for fun'' ...=====
* Lacroix, N., & Lacroix, N. (2004). The better sex guide: How to enjoy and maintain a healthy sex life in a loving relationship : the book for modern lovers everywhere. London: Hermes House.
* Lebowitz, F. (1978). Metropolitan life. New York: Dutton.
* Hallmark Cards, Inc. (1960). Poetry for pleasure; The Hallmark book of poetry. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday.
=====''wish I had ...''=====
* Tesla, N., & Marinčić, A. (1978). Colorado Springs notes, 1899-1900. Beograd: Nolit.
* Tolkien, J. R. R. (1966). The hobbit, or, There and back again. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
* Martin, T. C., & Tesla, N. (1894). The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla: With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting. New York: The Electrical Engineer.
===''Websites I ...''===
{|align=right style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em;"
|[[File:Laptop-ebook.jpg|thumb|200px|Websites that I use will be listed; a great deal of good information is available outside of [[wikimedia]].]]
|}
... use and consult will be listed below. Though this is a listing of websites I like, not everything I have bookmarked and consult will I list here; but I will add the sites that I have in my collection as time time goes on that I like. The sites I ...
====''suggest ...''====
* [[wikiHow]] : [http://www.wikihow.com/Main-Page How-to Manual]
* Wiki2 : [https://wiki2.org Front End]; See the [https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/wiki-2-wikipedia-republis/dbnfdljglikamcdljmffmhfionigapkf Chrome Extension]
====''consult and use ...''====
* [[Internet Archive]] : [http://www.archive.org/ i.Archive]
* [[Internet Sacred Text Archive|Sacred Archive]] : [http://www.sacred-texts.com/ i.Sacred Text]
* [[Google]] ([[List of Google products|Google products]])
** [[Google Search|G.Search]] : [http://www.google.com/ Google Search] : web engine
** [[Google Book Search|G.Books]] : [http://books.google.com/ Google Book Search] : book text
** [[Google Scholar|G.Scholar]] : [http://scholar.google.com/ Google Scholar] : scholarly literature
* [[Internet History Sourcebooks Project]]
** [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook.html Modern Sourcebook] : Modern sources
** [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.html Medieval Sourcebook] : Medieval sources
** [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook.html Ancient Sourcebook] : Ancient sources
* [[MIT OpenCourseWare]] : [http://ocw.mit.edu/index.html educational materials]
====''check for current events...''====
''[[News|News publications]]''
* [[Google News]] : [http://news.google.com news.google.com]
* [[C-SPAN]] : [http://www.c-span.org/ c-span.org]
* [[NewsHour with Jim Lehrer]] : [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/ pbs.org/newshour]
* [[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]] : [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/ pbs.org/frontline]
* [[BBC News]] : [http://news.bbc.co.uk/ news.bbc.co.uk]
* [[Current TV]] : [http://current.com/ current.com]
''Technology publications''
* [[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] : [http://www.wired.com/ wired.com]
* [[Popular Mechanics]] : [http://www.popularmechanics.com/ popularmechanics.com]
''Science publications''
* [[Popular Science]] : [http://www.popsci.com/ popsci.com]
* [[Scientific American]] : [http://www.scientificamerican.com/ scientificamerican.com]
* [[New Scientist]] : [http://www.newscientist.com/ newscientist.com]
* [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] : [http://www.nature.com/nature/index.html nature.com]
''Government''
* [[Executive Office of the President of the United States|Executive Office]] : [http://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing_room/ whitehouse.gov/]
* [[United States House of Representatives|Representatives]] : [http://www.house.gov/ house.gov]
* [[United States Senate|Senate]] : [http://www.senate.gov/ senate.gov/]
====''visit for fun ...''====
* [[Colbert Nation]] : [http://www.colbertnation.com/home colbertnation.com]
* [[Robot Chicken]] : [http://www.adultswim.com/shows/robotchicken/index.html adultswim.com/robotchicken]
===History Timelines===
{{main|History|Big History|Chronozone}}
====Universe Timeline====
''<small>[[Astronomical year numbering]]</small>''
::{{Main|Cosmogony|Universe|Chronology of the universe|Creation myth|Mythology}}
::{{details|Big Bang|Lambda-CDM model|topic=[[Standard Model]] [[Approximation]]}}
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id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) #
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id:black value:black
id:period1 value:rgb(1,1,0.7) # light yellow
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bar:Age align:center shift:(0,0) mark:(line,white)
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at:-5798000000 shift:(0,-5) text:"[[Galaxy formation and evolution|Galaxies]]"
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from:-13798000000 till:-12798000000 Shift:(22,0) text:[[Spacetime]]
from:-13798000000 till:-12798000000 Shift:(-12,-13) text:"[[Virtual particles|Virtual particles]]"
from:-13798000000 till:-12798000000 Shift:(80,-13) text:"[[Particle| / Particles]]"
from:-12798000000 till:-3798000000 Shift:(-50,0) text:[[Formation and evolution of the Solar System|Formation and evolution]]
from:-3798000000 till:2013 Shift:(-50,-19) text:Mid-Stelliferous
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from:-13798000000 till:-13655142858 Shift:(0,-5) text:[[Nucleosynthesis|primordial]]
from:-13655142858 till:-13369428573 Shift:(5,-15) text:[[Plasma recombination|recombined]]
from:-13369428573 till:-12798000000 Shift:(10,-25) text:[[ionization]]
bar: color:filler
from:-13798000000 till:-5913428572 text:Early Universe
from:-5913428572 till:-1971142858 Shift:(-40,0) text:Middle Universe
from:-1971142858 till:2013 Shift:(-40,10) text:Late Universe
</timeline>
:::''Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details''
::{{see|History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses}}
::{{seealso|Physical cosmology|Observational cosmology|Hydrogen line}}
:::''See also'': ''[[Vacuum expectation value|<math>\langle O\rangle</math>]]'', ''[[Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)|<math>\hat{H}</math>]]'', [[Quaternion|<math>i^2=j^2=k^2=ijk=-1</math>]]'', ''[[Hamiltonian mechanics|<math>\mathcal{H} </math>]]''
::{{also|Dark energy|Dark matter|Dark fluid|Dark flow}}
::{{also|String theory|M-theory|String field theory|Theory of everything}}
::{{also|Physical law|Grand Unified Theory|Grand unification energy|}}
::{{also|List of unsolved problems in physics|Universal (metaphysics)}}
::{{also|Ekpyrotic universe|Plasma cosmology|Non-standard cosmology}}
::{{also|Religious cosmology|Hindu cosmology|Chaos (cosmogony)|Ex nihilo}}
=====Solar History=====
{{main|Formation and evolution of the Solar System}}
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</timeline>
{{also|History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses}}
:''See also'': ''[[Sun#Life_phases|Sun phases]]''
====Terran Timeline====
{{main|Timeline of natural history}}
=====Geologic Earth history=====
{{main|History of the Earth|Plate tectonics|Supercontinent|Supercontinent cycle}}
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from: -416 till: -359.2 color:devonian
from: -443.7 till: -416 color:silurian
from: -488.3 till: -443.7 color:ordovician
from: -542 till: -488.3 color:cambrian
from: -635 till: -542 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Ediacaran|Ed.]] color:ediacaran
from: -850 till: -635 shift:(0,5) text:[[Cryogenian|Cryo]] color:cryogenian
from: -1000 till: -850 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Tonian]] color:tonian
from: -1200 till: -1000 shift:(0,5) text:[[Stenian]] color:stenian
from: -1400 till: -1200 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Ectasian]] color:ectasian
from: -1600 till: -1400 shift:(0,5) text:[[Calymmian|Calymm]] color:calymmian
from: -1800 till: -1600 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Statherian|Stather]] color:statherian
from: -2050 till: -1800 shift:(0,5) text:[[Orosirian]] color:orosirian
from: -2300 till: -2050 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Rhyacian]] color:rhyacian
from: -2500 till: -2300 shift:(0,5) text:[[Siderian]] color:siderian
from: start till: -2500 color:white
</timeline>
{{also|Paleontology|Geologist|International Commission on Stratigraphy}}
=====Lunar History=====
{{main|Lunar geologic timescale}}
{{also|Origin of the Moon|Giant impact hypothesis}}
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from: -3850000000 till: -3800000000 text:[[Early_Imbrian|Early]] shift:(-20,-5) color:earlyimbrian
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{{also|Pre-Nectarian|Nectarian|Lunar geologic timescale}}
{{also|Hebrew calendar|Islamic lunar calendar|Islamic calendar|Iranian calendars|Epact|Hindu calendar|Celtic calendar}}
{{also|Orbit of the Moon|Lunar phase|Lunar eclipse|Solar eclipses on Moon|Tide}}
=====Earth History=====
{{main|Geological history of Earth}}
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:::''Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details''
''Early Earth''<br />
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from: -2800000000 till: -2500000000 text:[[Neoarchean|Neoar.]]
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{{also|Evolutionary history of life|Evolution|Last universal ancestor}}
{{also|Primordial soup|Primordial sandwich}}
{{also|Anaerobic organism|Stromatolite}}
{{also|Abiogenesis|RNA world hypothesis|Iron–sulfur world theory}}
{{also|Cyanobacteria|Great Oxygenation Event|Atmosphere of Earth|Ozone layer}}
{{also|Origin of water on Earth}}
{{also|Oldest dated rocks|Vaalbara}}
''Middle Earth''<br />
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from: -1887428572 till: -1600000000 text:[[Paleoproterozoic|Paleoprot.]]
from: -1600000000 till: -1000000000 text:[[Mesoproterozoic|Mesoprot.]]
from: -1000000000 till: -629142858 text:[[Neoproterozoic|Neoprot.]]
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{{also|Rodinia|Plate reconstruction|Orogeny|Grenville orogeny}}
{{also|Multicellular organism|Eukaryote|Anabaena|Ediacara biota}}
=====Phanerozoic=====
''Late Earth''
{{main|Cambrian explosion|Evolutionary history of plants|Phylogeny of insects|Evolution of fish|Evolution of tetrapods}}
:''See also'': [[Ordovician extinction]], [[Age of Fish]], [[Mesozoic|Age of Reptiles]]
{{also|Animal|Chordate|Vertebrate|Tetrapod|Amniote}}
{{also|Mammal|Mammal evolution}}
{{also|Theria|Eutheria|Boreoeutheria}}
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{{also|Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event|Permian–Triassic extinction event}}
{{also|Paleoclimatology|Population biology|Adaptive radiation|Natural selection}}
{{also|Mississippian|Pennsylvanian}}
{{also|Arctic|Antarctic ice sheet}}
=====Cenozoic=====
{{Main|Oligocene|Pangaea|Gondwana}}
{{also|Euarchontoglires|Euarchonta}}
{{Also|Age of Mammals}}
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id:oligocene value:rgb(0.996,0.764,0.525)
id:eocene value:rgb(0.996,0.725,0.474)
id:paleocene value:rgb(0.996,0.678,0.431)
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id:white value:white
id:darkgreen value:rgb(0,0.35,0)
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ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-65
Define $markred = text:"*" textcolor:red shift:(0,3) fontsize:10
Define $markgreen = text:"*" textcolor:darkgreen shift:(0,3) fontsize:10
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bar:era
at: 0 align:right $markgreen
at: start align:left $markgreen shift:(2,3)
from:start till: 0 text:[[Cenozoic]] width:25 color:cenozoic
bar:period
at: 0 align:right $markred
at: -2.588 align:left $markred shift:(2,3)
from: -2.588 till: 0 shift:(3,0) text:[[Quaternary|Q.]] width:25 color:quaternary
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 text:[[Neogene]] color:neogene
from: start till: -23.03 text:[[Paleogene]] color:paleogene
bar:epoch
from: -0.1 till: 0 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Holocene|H]] color:holocene
from: -2.588 till: -0.1 shift:(0,5) text:[[Pleistocene|P]] color:pleistocene
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Pliocene]] color:pliocene fontsize:7
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 text:[[Miocene]] color:miocene
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Oligocene]] color:oligocene
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 text:[[Eocene]] color:eocene
from: start till: -55.8 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Paleocene]] color:paleocene
bar:
from: -6.5 till: -1.806 shift:(5,-3) text:[[Tertiary]] color:holocene width:5
</timeline>
{{also|Primatomorpha|Primate|Haplorhini|Simian|Catarrhini|Ape}}
{{also|Hominidae|Homininae|Hominini|Hominina}}
{{also|Ardipithecus|Kenyanthropus|Orrorin|Sahelanthropus|Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor}}
{{also|Australopithecine|Australopithecus afarensis|Australopithecus africanus|Australopithecus anamensis|Australopithecus bahrelghazali|Australopithecus garhi|Australopithecus sediba}}
{{Also|Eocene–Oligocene extinction event|Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event}}
{{also|Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum|Australia (continent)|Antarctica}}
{{also|Chicxulub crater|Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum}}
{{also|Azolla event|Geologic temperature record}}
=====Quaternary=====
{{main|Plate tectonics|Last glacial period|Quaternary glaciation|Quaternary extinction event}}
{{Also|Timeline of human evolution|Human evolution|Anatomically modern humans}}
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id:holocene value:rgb(0.996,0.945,0.878)
id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.996,0.937,0.678)
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id:calabrian value:rgb(0.996,0.937,0.756)
id:gelasian value:rgb(0.996,0.933,0.718)
id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar
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Define $markred = text:"*" textcolor:red shift:(0,3) fontsize:10
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at: 2013 align:right $markred
at: -2588000 align:left $markred shift:(2,3)
from: -2588000 till: 0 text:[[Quaternary]] color:quaternary
bar:epoch
from: -117000 till: 2013 text:[[Holocene]] color:holocene
from: -2588000 till: -117000 text:[[Pleistocene|Pleistocene_(P)]] color:pleistocene
from: -126000 till: -117000 shift:(0,5) text:[[Pleistocene|Late_P]] color:late
from: -781000 till: -126000 text:[[Pleistocene|Middle_P]] color:middle
from: -2588000 till: -781000 shift:(-10,0) text:[[Pleistocene|Early_P]] color:middle
bar:Protohistory color:filler
from: -2588000 till: -10000 shift:(-30,1) text:[[Paleolithic]]
from: -2588000 till: -300000 shift:(50,-5) text:[[Lower Paleolithic|Lower]]
from: -300000 till: -50000 shift:(0,5) text:[[Middle Paleolithic|Middle]]
from: -50000 till: -10000 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Upper Paleolithic|Upper]]
bar:Quaternary
from: -2588000 till: -1806000 shift:(20,-5) text:[[Gelasian]] color:gelasian
from: -1806000 till: -781000 shift:(20,-5) text:[[Calabrian]] color:calabrian
from: -126000 till: -781000 shift:(-10,0) text:[[Middle Pleistocene|Ionian]]
from: -117000 till: -126000 shift:(-15,5) text:[[Late Pleistocene|Tarantian]]
from: -117000 till: 2013 shift:(0,-10) text:[[Holocene]] color:holocene
bar:Stone.Age color:filler
from: -2588000 till: -1457144 text:[[Early Stone Age|Early]]
from: -1457144 till: -485716 text:[[Middle Stone Age|Middle]]
from: -485716 till: -3250 shift:(0,2) text:[[Late Stone Age|Late]]
bar:Lower.Paleo color:filler
from: -2588000 till:-1750000 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Oldowan]]
from: -1750000 till:-200000 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Acheulean]]
from: -200000 till:-100000 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Clactonian]]
bar:Humans color:filler
from: -2000000 till: 2013 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Anatomically modern humans]]
</timeline>
{{also|Paranthropus|Paranthropus aethiopicus|Paranthropus boisei|Paranthropus robustus}}
{{also|Denisova hominin|Homo antecessor|Homo heidelbergensis|Neanderthal}}
{{also|Quaternary science}}
====Human Species====
{{main|Prehistory|Proto-history|Pleistocene}}
{{also|Human|Cro-Magnon|Homo sapiens}}
<timeline>
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id:calabrian value:rgb(0.996,0.937,0.756)
id:gelasian value:rgb(0.996,0.933,0.718)
id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar
Period = from:-2000000 till:2013
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
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Define $markred = text:"*" textcolor:red shift:(0,3) fontsize:10
Define $markgreen = text:"*" textcolor:darkgreen shift:(0,3) fontsize:10
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bar:epoch
from: -117000 till: 2013 text:[[Holocene]] color:holocene
from: -2000000 till: -117000 text:[[Pleistocene|Pleistocene_(P)]] color:pleistocene
from: -126000 till: -117000 shift:(0,5) text:[[Pleistocene|Late_P]] color:late
from: -781000 till: -126000 text:[[Pleistocene|Middle_P]] color:middle
from: -2000000 till: -781000 shift:(-10,0) text:[[Pleistocene|Early_P]] color:middle
bar:Protohistory color:filler
from: -2000000 till: -10000 shift:(-30,1) text:[[Paleolithic]]
from: -2000000 till: -300000 shift:(50,-5) text:[[Lower Paleolithic|Lower]]
from: -300000 till: -50000 shift:(0,5) text:[[Middle Paleolithic|Middle]]
from: -50000 till: -10000 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Upper Paleolithic|Upper]]
bar:Paleolithic color:filler
from: -2000000 till:-1750000 shift:(0,1) text:[[Oldowan]]
from: -1750000 till:-200000 shift:(0,1) text:[[Acheulean]]
from: -200000 till:-100000 shift:(0,3) text:[[Clactonian]]
from: -100000 till: -70000 text:[[Micoquien]]
bar:Stone.Age color:filler
from: -2000000 till: -1457144 text:[[Early Stone Age|Early]]
from: -1457144 till: -485716 text:[[Middle Stone Age|Middle]]
from: -485716 till: -3250 text:[[Late Stone Age|Late]]
bar:Humans color:filler
from: -2000000 till: 2013 shift:(0,1) text:[[Anatomically modern humans]]
</timeline>
{{also|Aterian|Baradostian}}
=====Time of Humanity=====
{{Main|Archaic humans|Homo}}
{{also|Homo erectus|Meganthropus|}}
<timeline>
ImageSize = width:500 height:125
PlotArea = left:65 right:25 bottom:20 top:5
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
id:green value:rgb(0.996,0.945,0.878)
id:nil value:gray(0.9)
id:era value:rgb(0.996,0.941,0.8)
id:age value:rgb(0.996,0.937,0.756)
id:period1 value:rgb(0.996,0.945,0.839)
id:period3 value:gray(0.8) # background bar
Period = from:-2000000 till:2013
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:250000 start:-2000000
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:20000 start:-2000000
PlotData=
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:5 shift:(0,-5)
bar: from:-2000000 till:end width:35 color:period3
bar: from:-2000000 till:end width:15 color:white
bar: at:-2000000 color:period3 shift:(-30,7) text:[[Homo (genus)|Genus Homo]]
bar: color:period3
from:-200000 till:-1800000
at:-1800000 shift:(0,8) text:[[Homo erectus|H. erectus]]
at:-1800000 text:[[Homo ergaster|H. ergaster]]
at:-1800000 shift:(0,-24) text:[[Homo georgicus|H. georgicus]]
bar: color:period3
from:-1400000 till:end
at:-1400000 shift:(0,-16) text:[[Homo habilis|H. habilis]]
bar: color:period3
from:2013 till:-200000
at:-200000 text:[[Homo sapiens|H. sapiens]]
bar: color:period3
from:-1200000 shift:(0,4) till:-800000 text:[[Homo antecessor|H. antecessor]]
bar:  color:period3
from:-29000 till:-230000
at:-230000 shift:(0,5) text:[[Homo neanderthalensis|H. neanderthalensis]]
bar:  color:period3
from:-230000 till:-600000
at:-600000 shift:(0,-10) width:5 text:[[Homo heidelbergensis|H. heidelbergensis]]
bar:Events color:nil mark:(line,black)
at:-77000 shift:(0,5) text:[[Toba catastrophe theory|Toba]]
at:-640000 shift:(0,5) text:[[Yellowstone Caldera|3rd Y. Caldera]]
at:-1300000 shift:(0,5) text:[[Yellowstone Caldera|2nd Y. Caldera]]
bar:Events color:nil mark:(line,white)
from:-13000 till:2013 text:[[Holocene extinction|H.]]~[[Holocene extinction|extinction]]
from:-781000 till:-13000 text:[[Quaternary extinction event|Q.]]~[[Quaternary extinction event|extinction]]
</timeline>
::''See also'': [[Homo habilis]] (-2.33e+06 | -1.4e+06), [[Homo rudolfensis]] (-1.9e+06),
:: [[Homo gautengensis]] (-1.9e+06 | -0.6e+06), and [[Homo sapiens idaltu]] (-1.6e+06)
::''See also'': [[Java Man]] (-1.75e+06), [[Yuanmou Man]] (-1.75e+06 : -0.73e+06),<br />
:: [[Lantian Man]] (-1.7e+06), [[Nanjing Man]] (- 0.6e+06), [[Tautavel Man]] (- 0.5e+06),<br />
:: [[Peking Man]] (- 0.4e+06), [[Solo Man]] (- 0.4e+06), and [[Peştera cu Oase]] (- 0.378e+05)
{{also|Timetable of major worldwide volcanic eruptions|Timeline of glaciation}}
{{also|Extinction event|Abrupt climate change|Climate oscillation}}
===== Humanity Transitions=====
{{also|Synoptic table of the principal old world prehistoric cultures}}
<timeline>
ImageSize = width:500 height:100
PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:5
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
id:green value:rgb(0.996,0.945,0.878)
id:nil value:rgb(0.996,0.945,0.839)
id:era value:rgb(0.996,0.941,0.8)
id:age value:rgb(0.996,0.937,0.756)
id:period1 value:rgb(0.996,0.933,0.718)
id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar
Period = from:-100000 till:2013
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:20000 start:-100000
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:5000 start:-100000
PlotData=
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:10 shift:(0,-5)
bar:Human color:filler
from:2013 till:-100000 text:[[Homo sapiens|H. sapiens]]
bar:Prehistory color:filler
from: -100000 till: -3250 shift:(0,5) text:[[Late Stone Age]]
from: -100000 till: -70000 shift:(0,0) text:[[Micoquien]]
from: -100000 till: -37500 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Mousterian]]
from: -37500 till: -27000 shift:(-3,2) text:[[Aurignacian|Aurig.]]
from: -35000 till: -29000 shift:(0,-14) text:[[Châtelperronian|Châte.]]
from: -27000 till: -22000 shift:(0,5) text:[[Gravettian|Grave.]]
from: -13000 till: -19000 shift:(0,8) text:[[Natufian culture|Natu.]]
from: -22000 till: -17000 shift:(0,-8) text:[[Solutrean|Solut.]]
from: -17000 till: -10000 shift:(0,-20) text:[[Magdalenian|Magda.]]
from: -10000 till: -9000 shift:(0,5) text:[[Azilian|Azili.]]
from: -9000 till: -7000 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Sauveterrian|Sauve.]]
from:-4000 till:-3250 shift:(0,-14) text:[[Chalcolithic]]
from:-3250 till: 600 shift:(0,-22) text:[[Ancient]]
bar:  color:filler
from:-29000 till:-100000 text:[[Homo neanderthalensis|H. neanderthalensis]]
bar: color:filler
from: -100000 till: -50000 shift:(0,2) text:[[Middle Paleolithic]]
from: -50000 till: -10000 shift:(0,2) text:[[Upper Paleolithic]]
</timeline>
{{also|Hamburg culture|Ahrensburg culture|Swiderian culture}}
{{also|Evolutionary origin of religions}}
:''See also:'' ''[[Wakan Tanka|Great Spirit]] and [[Theistic evolution]]''
{{also|Classical mythology|Greek mythology|Greek primordial deities|Roman mythology}}
{{also|Chinese mythology|Chinese creation myth|Japanese mythology|Japanese creation myth}}
{{also|Egyptian mythology|Ancient Egyptian creation myths}}
{{also|Sumerian creation myth|Turkic mythology}}
{{also|List of creation myths|Pantheon (gods)}}
{{Also|Genesis creation narrative|Table of Nations}}
{{also|Native American mythology}}
====Holocene====
{{main|Prehistory|Proto-history|Holocene}}
''Timeframes''<br />
<timeline>
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PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:10
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) #
id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) #
id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) #
id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) #
id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) #
id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar
id:black value:black
Period = from:-9300 till:2013
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:-9300
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:100 start:-9300
PlotData =
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:10 mark:(line,black) width:15 shift:(0,-5)
bar: color:filler
from:-9300 till:-3250 shift:(0,7) text:[[Stone Age]]
from:-9300 till:-3250 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Neolithic|(Neolithic)]]
from: -3250 till: -1200 text:[[Bronze Age]]
from: -1200 till: 600 text:[[Iron Age]]
bar:Human color:filler
from:-9300 till:-8000 shift:(15,7) text:[[Upper Paleolithic|Upper Paleo]]
from:-9300 till:-8000 shift:(15,-7) text:[[Late Stone Age|(Late Stone)]]
from:-8000 till:-4000 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Mesolithic]]
from:-4000 till:-3250 shift:(0,7) text:[[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]]
from:-4000 till:-3250 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Chalcolithic|(Chalcolithic)]]
bar:Prehistory color:filler
from:-9300 till:2013 text:Holocene
bar:Sequence color:filler
from:-9300 till:-9000 shift:(5,6) text: [[Preboreal]]
from:-9000 till:-7500 text:[[Boreal (period)|Boreal]]
from:-7500 till:-5000 text:[[Atlantic (period)|Atlantic]]
from:-5000 till:-2500 text:[[Subboreal]]
from:-2500 till:2013 text:[[Subatlantic]]
</timeline>
<timeline>
ImageSize = width:500 height:70
PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:5
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) #
id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) #
id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) #
id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) #
id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) #
id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar
id:black value:black
Period = from:-3250 till:2013
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:-3250
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:100 start:-3250
PlotData =
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:10 mark:(line,black) width:15 shift:(0,-5)
bar: color:filler
from:-3250 till:-2500 text:Subboreal
from:-2500 till:2013 text:Subatlantic
bar:Written color:filler
bar:History color:filler
from: -3250 till: -1200 text:[[Bronze Age]]
from: -1200 till: 600 text:[[Iron Age]]
from:-3250 till: 600 shift:(13,10) text:[[Ancient|Ancient times]]
from:600 till: 1500 text:[[Post-classical era|Middle Ages]]
from:1500 till: 2013 shift:(-13,10) text:[[Modern Age]]
</timeline>
:::''Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details''
:::<small>[[Holocene]] began at ~11,700 years BP ([[Before Present]]).</small>
:::<small>[[Stone Age]] ends ~3250 BC. [[Neolithic]] begins ~10,200 BC. </small>
{{also|Human evolutionary genetics|List of human evolution fossils|Origin of modern humans}}
{{also|Timeline of human evolution|Multiregional evolution|Recent African origin}}
{{also|Archaic human admixture with modern Homo sapiens}}
{{also|Homo rhodesiensis|Red Deer Cave people|Homo cepranensis|Homo floresiensis}}
{{also|Behavioral modernity}}
{{see also|Cultural universal}}
====Written History====
=====Ancient History=====
{{main|Ancient history|Proto-history|History}}
{{also|Cradle of civilization|Historic power}}
<timeline>
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AlignBars = justify
Colors =
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id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) #
id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) #
id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) #
id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) #
id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar
id:black value:black
Period = from:-3000 till:1000
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:500 start:-3000
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:100 start:-3000
BarData =
bar:ages text:"Historical"
bar:Time text:Ages
bar:sw_asia text:"SW Asia"
bar:Mes. text:Mes.
bar:Elam/Ach. text:Elam/Ach.
bar:africa text:"Africa"
bar:Egypt text:Egypt
bar:Kush text:Kush
bar:Aksumite text:Aksumite
bar:Carthage text:Carthage
bar:s_asia text:"South Asia"
bar:Indus.Valley
bar:e_asia text:"East Asia"
bar:China
bar:americas text:"Americas"
bar:N.Americas text:N.Americas
bar:C.Americas text:C.Americas
bar:S.Americas text:S.Americas
bar:eur text:"Europe"
bar:Europe
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bar:ages color:skyblue from: start till: end text:"Historical ages"
bar:Time color:period
from: -3000 till: -1200 text:[[Bronze Age]]
from: -1200 till: 400 text:[[Iron Age]]
from: 400 till: 1000 text:[[postclassical age|Middle Ages]]
bar:sw_asia color:skyblue from: start till: end text:"Southwest Asia (Near East)"
bar:Mes. color:era
from: -3000 till: -750 text:[[Mesopotamia]]
bar:Elam/Ach. color:era
from: -3000 till: -2700 shift:(15,0) text:Proto-Elamite
from: -2700 till: -1500 text:Old Elamite
from: -1500 till: -1100 shift:(0,5) text:Middle Elamite
from: -1100 till: -545 shift:(0,-5) text:Neo-Elamite
from: -545 till: -330 shift:(20,0) text:[[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenid]]
bar:africa color:skyblue from: start till: end text:"Africa"
bar:Egypt color:age
from: -3000 till: -30 text:[[Ancient Egypt]]
bar:Kush color: era
from: -3000 till: -1650 text: Kerma
from: -1650 till: -1070 text: Ancient Egypt
from: -1070 till: -591 text: Napata
from: -591 till: 350 text: Meroe
bar:Aksumite color:age
from: -400 till: 940 text:[[Aksumite Empire]]
bar:Carthage color:eon
from: -650 till: 146 text:[[Ancient Carthage]]
bar:s_asia color:skyblue from: start till: end text:"South Asia"
bar:Indus.Valley color:era
from: -3000 till: -1200 text:[[Indus Valley Civilization|Indus ]]
from: -1200 till: -180 text:[[Iron Age India|Iron India]]
from: -180 till: 1 shift:(5,0) text:[[Indo-Greeks]]
from: 1 till: 1000 shift:(0,-10) text:[[Middle kingdoms of India|Middle kingdoms]]
bar:e_asia color:skyblue from: start till: end text:"East Asia"
bar:China color:era
from: -3000 till: -2000 text:[[Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors|3 Sovereigns and 5 Emperors]]
from: -2000 till: -200 text:[[Ancient China]]
from: -200 till: 1000 text:[[Imperial China]]
bar:americas color:skyblue from: start till: end text:"Americas"
bar:N.Americas color:age
from: -3000 till: -1500 text:Archaic
from: -1500 till: 650 text:Classic
from: 650 till: 1000 shift:(-10,0) text:Pre-Columbian
bar:C.Americas color:era
from: -3000 till: -1500 text:Archaic
from: -1500 till: 250 text:Formative
from: 250 till: 900 text:Classic
from: 900 till: 1000 shift:(-15,5) text:Postclassic
bar:S.Americas color:age
from: -3000 till: -1900 text:Archaic
from: -1900 till: 200 text:Preclassic
from: 200 till: 1000 text:Classic
bar:eur color:skyblue from: start till: end text:"Europe"
bar:Europe color:era
from: -3000 till: -1200 text:Archaic
from: -1200 till: -650 text:[[Phoenicia]]
from: -650 till: -146 shift:(5,0) text:[[Ancient Greece]]
from: -146 till: 1000 text:[[Ancient Rome]]
</timeline>
{{also|Ancient Near East|Bronze Age India|Bronze Age Europe|Bronze Age China|Gojoseon}}
{{see also|Bronze Age collapse|Ancient Near East|Iron Age Europe|Nok culture}}
{{also|Iron Age India|Iron Age China|Iron Age Japan|Proto–Three Kingdoms of Korea}}
=====Middle Ages=====
{{details|Post-classical Age{{!}}Middle Ages}}
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PlotArea = left:65 right:15 bottom:20 top:10
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
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id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) #
id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) #
id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) #
id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar
id:black value:black
Period = from:400 till:1500
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:100 start:400
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:10 start:400
PlotData =
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line, black) width:15 shift:(0,-3)
bar:Timeframe color:era
from: 476 till: 1000 text:[[Early Middle Ages|Early period]]
from: 1000 till: 1300 text:[[High Middle Ages|High period]]
from: 1300 till: 1450 text:[[Late Middle Ages|Late period]]
bar:Timeframe color:filler
from: 400 till:476 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Iron Age|(Iron Age)]]
from: 400 till:476 shift:(0,4) text:[[Ancient history|Ancient]]
from: 1450 till: 1500 shift:(2,4) text:[[Modern age|Modern]]
from: 1450 till: 1500 shift:(2,-7) text:[[Early modern|(Early)]]
bar:Europe color:filler
from: 400 till:476 text:[[Late Antiquity|Antiquity]]
from: 1400 till: 1500 text:[[Renaissance]]
bar:Europe color:age
from: 476 till: 700 text:[[Migration Period|Migration]]
from: 700 till:950 shift:(0,4) text:[[Feudalism]]
from: 700 till:950 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Manorialism|(Manorialism)]]
from: 950 till: 1100 text:[[Urbanization]]
from: 1100 till: 1240 shift:(0,4) text:[[Crusades]]
from: 1240 till: 1250 shift:(0,-6) text:[[Mongol invasion of Europe|Mongols]]
from: 1250 till: 1400 shift:(0,4) text:[[Crisis of the Late Middle Ages|Crisis]]
bar:N.Europe color:age
from: 400 till: 700 text:[[Germanic Iron Age|Germanic Iron]]
from: 700 till: 1100 shift:(0,4) text:[[Viking Age|Vikings]]
from: 700 till: 1100 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Norsemen|(Norsemen)]]
from: 1100 till: 1400 shift:(0,4) text:[[Christianization of Scandinavia|Christianization]]
from: 1100 till: 1400 shift:(4,-7) text:[[Northern Crusades|(Northern Crusades)]]
from: 1400 till: 1500 text:[[Kalmar Union]]
bar:E.Europe color:filler
from: 400 till: 500 shift:(15,4) text:[[Hunnic Empire|Hunnic]]
from: 400 till: 500 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Sarmatians]]
bar:E.Europe color:age
from: 500 till: 700 text:[[Migration Period|Migration]]
from: 700 till: 864 text:[[Rus' Khaganate]]
from: 864 till: 1237 text:[[Kievan Rus']]
from: 1237 till: 1240 shift:(0,4) text:[[Mongol invasion of Rus'|Mongols]]
from: 1240 till: 1283 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Sarai (city)|Sarai]]
from: 1283 till: 1400 text:[[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuania]]
from: 1400 till: 1500 text:[[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Moscow]]
bar:C.Europe color:filler
from: 400 till: 475 shift:(15,0) text:[[Germanic Wars|Germanic]]
bar:C.Europe color:age
from: 475 till: 751 text:[[Francia]]
from: 751 till: 888 shift:(0,-4) text:[[Carolingian Empire|Carolingians]]
from: 888 till: 962 shift:(0,4) text:[[East Francia|E. Francia]]
from: 962 till: 1500 text:[[Holy Roman Empire]]
bar:Apennine color:age
from: 400 till: 568 text:[[Roman Empire]]
from: 568 till: 774 text:[[Lombard kingdom|Lombards]]
from: 774 till: 962 shift:(0,-4) text:[[Carolingian Empire|Carolingians]]
from: 962 till: 1500 text:[[Holy Roman Empire]]
bar:British.Isle color:filler
from: 400 till: 500 text:[[Sub-Roman Britain|Sub-Roman]]
bar:British.Isle color:age
from: 500 till: 927 shift:(0,4) text:[[Anglo-Saxon England]]
from: 500 till: 927 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Heptarchy|(Heptarchy)]]
from: 927 till: 1500 text:[[Kingdom of England]]
bar:Iberia color:age
from: 400 till: 711 text:[[Visigothic Kingdom|Visigoths]]
from: 711 till: 1500 shift:(0,4) text:[[Al-Andalus]]
from: 711 till: 756 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Muslim conquests|Conquests]]
from: 756 till: 1031 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Caliphate of Córdoba|Caliphate]]
from: 1031 till: 1500 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Reconquista]]
bar:Balkans color:age
from: 400 till: 568 text:[[Roman Empire]]
from: 568 till: 850 text:[[Byzantine Empire]]
from: 850 till: 950 text:[[First Bulgarian Empire|1st Empire]]
from: 950 till: 1185 text:[[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]]
from: 1185 till: 1389 text:[[Second Bulgarian Empire|2nd Empire]]
from: 1389 till: 1500 text:[[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]]
bar:M.East color:filler
from: 400 till: 622 text:[[Sasanian Empire|Sasanians]]
bar:M.East color:age
from: 622 till: 750 text:[[Muslim conquests|Conquests]]
from: 750 till: 1050 text:[[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasids]]
from: 1050 till: 1171 shift:(0,4) text:[[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimids]]
from: 1171 till: 1250 shift:(0,-4) text:[[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubids]]
from: 1250 till: 1500 text:[[Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluks]]
bar:India color:age
from: 400 till: 1250 text:[[Middle kingdoms of India|Middle kingdoms]]
from: 1250 till: 1500 text:[[Islamic empires in India|Empires]]
bar:C.Asia color:filler
from: 400 till: 632 shift:(0,4) text:[[Scythians]]
from: 400 till: 632 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Hephthalites]]
bar:C.Asia color:age
from: 632 till: 800 text:[[Muslim conquests|Conquests]]
from: 800 till: 1000 text:[[Samanids]]
from: 1000 till: 1200 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Khwārazm-Shāh dynasty|Khwārazm-Shāh]]
from: 1200 till: 1250 shift:(0,4) text:[[Mongol Empire|Mongols]]
from: 1250 till: 1500 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Chagatai Khanate|Chagatai]]
from: 1250 till: 1500 shift:(0,4) text:[[Golden Horde]]
bar:China color:age
from: 400 till: 585 shift:(0,4) text:[[Six Dynasties]]
from: 400 till: 585 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Early Imperial China|(Early Imperial)]]
from: 1368 till: 1500 text:[[Ming Dynasty|Great Ming]]
from: 585 till: 618 shift:(5,0)text:[[Sui Dynasty|Sui]]
from: 618 till: 907 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Tang Dynasty|Tang]]
from: 907 till: 960 shift:(0,5) text:[[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period|5 Dynasties]]~[[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period|10 Kingdoms]]
from: 960 till: 1275 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Song Dynasty|Song]]
from: 1275 till: 1368 text:[[Yuan Dynasty|Yuan]]
bar:Japan color:age
from: 400 till: 710 shift:(0,4) text:[[Yamato period|Yamato]]
from: 400 till: 538 shift:(0,-4) text:[[Kofun period|Kofun]]
from: 538 till: 710 shift:(0,-4) text:[[Asuka period|Asuka]]
from: 710 till: 794 text:[[Nara period|Nara]]
from: 794 till: 1185 text:[[Heian period|Heian]]
from: 1185 till: 1333 shift:(0,-4) text:[[Kamakura period|Kamakura]]
from: 1333 till: 1336 shift:(0,4) text:[[Kenmu restoration|Kenmu]]
from: 1336 till: 1500 shift:(0,-4) text:[[Muromachi period|Muromachi]]
bar:N.Americas color:age
from: 400 till: 650 text:Classic
from: 650 till: 1500 shift:(0,4) text:[[Precolombian]]
from: 650 till: 1000 shift:(0,-4) text:[[Woodland period|Woodland]]
from: 1000 till: 1500 shift:(0,-4) text:[[Mississippian culture|Mississippians]]
bar:C.Americas color:age
from: 400 till: 1500 shift:(-28,3) text:[[Mesoamerican chronology|Mesoamerica]]
from: 400 till: 900 shift:(0,-4) text:Classic
from: 900 till: 1200 shift:(0,-4) text:Early Postclassic
from: 1200 till: 1500 shift:(0,-4) text:Late Postclassic
bar:S.Americas color:age
from: 400 till: 1500 text:Classic
</timeline>
:::''Dates are approximate range (based upon influence), consult particular article for details''
::: {{color box|#ffd880}} Middle Ages Divisions, {{color box|#f2d97f}} Middle Ages Themes {{color box|#cccccc}} Other
=====Modern History=====
======Early Modern======
<timeline>
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Period = from:1450 till:1850
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PlotData =
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:11 shift:(0,-5)
bar:Timeframe color:era
from:1500 till:1800 text:[[Early modern]]
bar:Timeframe color:filler
from:1450 till:1500 text:[[Late Middle Ages|Middle Ages]]
from:1800 till:1850 text: [[Modern age]]
bar:N.Europe color:age
from: 1450 till: 1523 text:[[Kalmar Union]]
from: 1523 till: 1814 shift:(0,3) text:[[Denmark–Norway]]
from: 1523 till: 1814 shift:(0,-8) text:[[History of Sweden|Sweden]]
bar:N.Europe color:filler
from: 1814 till: 1850 shift:(0,3) text:[[Denmark]]
from: 1814 till: 1850 shift:(0,-8) text:[[Union between Sweden and Norway|Sweden-Norway]]
bar:Spain color:age
from: 1492 till: 1850 shift:(0,3) text:[[Spanish Empire]]
from: 1492 till: 1700 text:[[Spanish Renaissance|Renaissance]]
from: 1700 till: 1814 text:[[Enlightenment in Spain|Enlightenment]]
bar:Spain color:filler
from: 1450 till: 1492 text:[[Reconquista]]
from: 1814 till: 1850 text:[[Mid-19th-century Spain|Nationalism]]
bar:British.Isle color:age
from: 1450 till: 1801 shift:(0,4) text:[[Early modern Britain]]
from: 1450 till: 1707 shift:(-75,-8) text:[[Kingdom of England|England]]
from: 1707 till: 1801 text:[[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]]
bar:British.Isle color:filler
bar:British.Isle color:filler
from: 1801 till: 1850 shift:(0,4) text:[[Industrial Revolution]]
from: 1801 till: 1850 shift:(0,-8) text:[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]
bar:France color:age
from: 1850 till: 1610 text:[[Ancien Régime]]
from: 1492 till: 1610 text:[[French Renaissance|Renaissance]]
from: 1450 till: 1789 shift:(0,4) text:[[Kingdom of France]]
bar:France color:filler
from: 1450 till: 1492 text:[[France in the Middle Ages|Late Age]]
from: 1789 till: 1792 shift:(0,4) text:[[French Revolution]]
from: 1789 till: 1850 shift:(9,-8) text:[[France in the long nineteenth century|Modern]]
bar:E.Europe color:age
from: 1450 till: 1547 text:[[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Moscow]]
from: 1547 till: 1721 text:[[Tsardom of Russia|Tsardom]]
from: 1721 till: 1850 text:[[Russian Empire]]
bar:C.Europe color:age
from: 1450 till: 1806 shift:(-75,4) text:[[Holy Roman Empire]]
from: 1450 till: 1522 text:[[German Renaissance|Renaissance]]
from: 1522 till: 1618 shift:(0,-8) text:[[Reformation]]
from: 1618 till: 1648 text:[[Thirty Years War|30 Years War]]
from: 1648 till: 1815 text:[[Kleinstaaterei]]
from: 1806 till: 1815 shift:(0,4) text:[[Confederation of the Rhine|Rhine Confed.]]
bar:C.Europe color:filler
from: 1815 till: 1850 shift:(-3,-8) text:[[German Confed.]]
bar:Apennine color:age
from: 1450 till: 1559 shift:(-25,4) text:[[Italian Renaissance|Renaissance]]
from: 1494 till: 1559 shift:(0,-8) text:[[Italian Wars]]
from: 1559 till: 1814 text:[[History of Italy (1559–1814)|Foreign Domination]]
bar:Apennine color:filler
from: 1814 till: 1850 text:[[Italian unification]]
bar:Balkans color:age
from: 1450 till: 1850 shift:(0,3) text:[[Ottoman Empire]]
from: 1450 till: 1683 text:[[Growth of the Ottoman Empire|Growth]]
from: 1683 till: 1827 text:[[Stagnation of the Ottoman Empire|Stagnation]]
bar:Balkans color:filler
from: 1827 till: 1850 text:[[Decline of the Ottoman Empire|Decline]]
bar:M.East color:filler
from: 1450 till: 1517 text:[[Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluks]]
bar:M.East color:age
from: 1517 till: 1850 shift:(0,6) text:[[Egypt Eyalet]]
from: 1517 till: 1850 shift:(0,-8) text:[[Ottoman Syria]]
bar:C.Asia color:age
from: 1450 till: 1687 text:[[Chagatai Khanate]]
from: 1687 till: 1756 text:[[Zunghar Khanate]]
from: 1756 till: 1850 text:[[Russian Empire]]
bar:C.Asia color:filler
from: 1450 till: 1502 shift:(0,3) text:[[Golden Horde]]
bar:China color:age
from: 1450 till: 1644 text:[[Ming Dynasty]]
from: 1644 till: 1850 text:[[Qing Dynasty]]
bar:Japan color:age
from: 1450 till: 1570 shift:(-45,4) text:[[Muromachi period|Muromachi]]
from: 1467 till: 1570 shift:(0,-8) text:[[Sengoku period|Sengoku]]
from: 1570 till: 1603 text:[[Azuchi–Momoyama period|Azuchi–Momoyama]]
from: 1603 till: 1850 text:[[Edo period]]
bar:Korea color:age
from: 1450 till: 1850 text:[[Joseon Dynasty]]
bar:India color:age
from: 1450 till: 1526 text:[[Delhi sultanate]]
from: 1526 till: 1850 text:[[Mughal Empire]]
from: 1674 till: 1818 text:[[Maratha Empire]]
from: 1757 till: 1850 text:[[Company rule in India|Company Raj]]
bar:N.America color:age
from: 1450 till: 1534 text:[[Mississippian culture|Mississippian]]
from: 1534 till: 1600 text:[[New France]]
from: 1600 till: 1770 text:[[British America]]
from: 1770 till: 1850 shift:(0,4) text:[[British_Canada_1764-1866|British Canada]]
from: 1770 till: 1850 shift:(0,-8) text:[[History of the United States|United States]]
bar:C.America color:age
from: 1521 till: 1535 shift:(33,-3) text:[[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire|Spanish Conquest]]
from: 1535 till: 1821 text:[[New Spain]]
bar:C.America color:filler
from: 1450 till: 1521 text:Late Postclassic
from: 1821 till: 1850 text:[[History of Mexico|Mexico]]
bar:Brazil color:filler
from: 1450 till: 1500 text:Classic
bar:Brazil color:age
from: 1500 till: 1815 text:[[Colonial Brazil]]
from: 1815 till: 1823 shift:(-6,5) text:[[United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves|United Brazil]]
bar:Brazil color:filler
from: 1823 till: 1850 shift:(9,-4) text:[[Empire of Brazil|Brazil]]
</timeline>
:::''Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details''
::: {{color box|#ffd880}}{{color box|#f2d97f}} Early modern themes {{color box|#cccccc}} Other
======Late Modern======
{{main|Timeline of modern history}}
<timeline>
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Period = from:1825 till:2013
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:25 start:1825
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align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line, black) width:11 shift:(0,-3)
bar:Timeframe color:age
from:1850 till:1945 shift:(-100,4) text: [[Modern Age|Modern]]
from:1850 till:1945 shift:(0,-6) text: [[Late Modern Period|Late Modern]]
from:1825 till:1850 text: [[Early Modern Period|Early Modern]]
from:1945 till:2013 text: [[Contemporary Period|Contemporary ]]
bar:Themes color:age
from:1825 till: 1860 text:[[Industrial Revolution]]
from:1860 till: 1914 shift:(0,4) text:[[Second Industrial Revolution|2nd Revolution]]
from:1860 till: 1914 shift:(20, -10) text:[[Long Depression]]
from:1914 till: 1918 shift:(0,4) text: [[World War I|WWI]]
from:1918 till: 1939 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Interwar period|Interwar]]
from:1939 till: 1945 shift:(0,4) text: [[World War II|WW II]]
from:1945 till: 2013 shift:(10,5) text:[[Atomic Age]]
from:1945 till: 2013 shift:(10,-5) text: [[Information Age|(Info Age)]]
bar:Germany color:age
from:1990 till:2013 text: [[New states of Germany|Germany]]
from:1945 till:1990 text: [[History of Germany (1945–90)|Post-War]]
from:1933 till:1945 shift:(0,5) text: [[Nazi Germany|Nazis]]
from:1919 till:1933 shift:(0,-7) text: [[Weimar Republic|Weimar]]
from:1870 till:1919 text: [[German Empire|Empire]]
from:1825 till:1870 text: [[German Confederation|Confederation]]
bar:Apennine color:age
from: 1825 till: 1865 text:[[Italian unification|Italy Unified]]
from: 1865 till: 1946 shift:(-30,0) text:[[History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Monarchy]]
from: 1918 till: 1946 text:[[Italian Empire|Empire]]
from: 1946 till: 2013 text:[[History of the Italian Republic|Republic]]
bar:France color:age
from:1940 till:1944 shift:(0,-6) text: [[Vichy France|Vichy]]
from:1944 till:1958 shift:(0,4) text: [[French Fourth Republic|4th Rep.]]
from:1958 till:2013 shift:(0,-5) text: [[French Fifth Republic|5th Rep.]]
from: 1825 till:1830 shift:(0,5) text:[[Bourbon Restoration|Bourbons]]
from: 1830 till: 1848 shift:(0,-5)text:[[July Monarchy|July ]]
from: 1848 till:1852 shift:(0,5) text:[[French Second Republic|2nd Rep.]]
from: 1852 till:1870 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Second French Empire|2nd Empire]]
from: 1870 till: 1940 shift:(-55,-5) text:[[French Third Republic|3rd Rep.]]
from: 1870 till: 1914 shift:(-50,5) text:[[Belle Époque|Époque]]
from: 1870 till: 1940 shift:(-55,-5) text:[[French Third Republic|3rd Rep.]]
bar:British.Isle color:age
from: 1825 till: 1922 shift:(-75,6) text:[[British Empire|Empire]]
from: 1825 till: 1922 shift:(-75,-4) text: [[Victorian era|(Victorian)]]
from: 1825 till: 1922 shift:(35,-13) text:[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|G.B. and Ireland]]
from: 1901 till: 1914 shift:(0,5) text:[[Edwardian era|Edwardian]]
from: 1914 till: 1918 shift:(0,-10) text:[[History of the United Kingdom during World War I|WWI]]
from: 1918 till: 1939 shift:(0,10) text:[[Great Depression in the United Kingdom|Depression]]
from:1939 till:1945 text:[[Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II|WWII]]
from: 1918 till: 2013 shift:(10,-13) text:[[United Kingdom|G.B. and North Ireland]]
from: 1945 till: 2013 shift:(-50,3) text:[[Postwar Britain|Postwar]]
from: 1945 till: 2013 shift:(75,3) text:[[History of the United Kingdom (1945–present)|U.K.]]
bar:Iberia color:age
from: 1975 till: 2013 text:[[History of Spain (1975–present)|Spain]]
from: 1825 till: 1873 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Mid-19th-century Spain|Nationalism]]
from:1931 till:1939 shift:(0,5) text:[[Second Spanish Republic|2nd Rep.]]
from:1936 till:1939 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Spanish Civil War|Civil War]]
from:1874 till:1931 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Spain under the Restoration|Restored]]
from:1873 till:1874 shift:(0,-5) text:[[First Spanish Republic|1st Rep.]]
from:1825 till:1873 shift:(-15,7) text:[[Spanish Empire|Kingdom]]
from:1936 till:1975 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Francoist Spain|Francoist]]
bar:Brazil color:age
from:1825 till:1889 text:[[History of the Empire of Brazil|Empire]]
from:1889 till:1930 text:[[First Brazilian Republic|1st Republic]]
from:1930 till:1946 text:[[Vargas Era|Vargas]]
from:1946 till:1964 shift:(0,4) text:[[Second Brazilian Republic|2nd Republic]]
from:1964 till:1985 shift:(0,-10) text:[[Brazilian military government|Dictatorship]]
from:1985 till:2013 text:[[History of Brazil since 1985|Brazil]]
bar:M.East color:age
from:1839 till: 1876 shift:(-20,5) text:[[Tanzimat Era]]
from:1825 till: 1918 shift:(0,-5) text:[[Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire|Empire's Dissolution]]
from:1918 till: 1922 shift:(0,1) text:[[Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire|Partition]]
from:1922 till: 1945 shift:(0,-10) text:[[French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon|French Mandate]]
from:1922 till: 1945 shift:(0,10) text:[[Mandatory Palestine]]
from:1945 till: 1990 text:[[History of the Arab–Israeli conflict|Arab–Israeli conflict]]
from:1990 till: 2013 shift:(0,-5)text:[[Middle East]]
from:2010 till: 2013 shift:(-10,5) text:[[Arab Spring]]
bar:India color:age
from: 1825 till: 1858 text:[[Company rule in India|Company rule]]
from: 1858 till: 1947 text:[[British Raj]]
from: 1947 till: 1947 shift:(0,6) text:[[Partition of India|Partition]]
from: 1947 till: 1950 shift:(25,-5) text:[[Dominion of India]]
from: 1947 till: 1956 shift:(25,-15) text:[[Dominion of Pakistan]]
from: 1950 till: 2013 shift:(50,-5) text:[[India and the Non-Aligned Movement|India]]
from: 1956 till: 2013 shift:(50,-15) text:[[Pakistan]]
bar:Africa color:age
from: 1825 till: 1860 shift:(30,5) text:[[European exploration of Africa|Exploration]]
from: 1825 till: 1860 shift:(-5,-5) text:[[Atlantic slave trade|Slave trade]]
from: 1860 till: 1950 shift:(-55,-5) text:[[Scramble for Africa]]
from: 1860 till: 1950 shift:(0,5) text:[[Colonisation of Africa|Colonisation]]
from: 1950 till: 1960 text:[[Decolonization of Africa|Decolonization]]
from: 1960 till: 2013 text:[[Post-colonial Africa|Post-colonial]]
bar:China color:age
from:1825 till:1912 text: [[Qing Dynasty]]
from:1912 till:1949 shift:(0,5) text: [[Republic of China (1912–49)|Chinese Republic]]
from:1912 till:1949 shift:(0,-5) text: [[Nanjing decade|(Nanjing period)]]
from:1912 till:1949 shift:(75,-5) text: [[Chinese Civil War|Civil War]]
from:1949 till:2013 shift:(0,5) text: [[History of the People's Republic of China|People's Republic]]
bar:Japan color:age
from:1825 till:1868 text: [[Edo period|Edo]]
from:1868 till:1912 text: [[Meiji period|Meiji]]
from:1868 till:1945 shift:(0,8) text: [[Empire of Japan|Imperial Japan]]
from:1928 till:1945 shift:(10,0) text: [[Shōwa period|Shōwa]]
from:1912 till:1928 shift:(-10,-4) text: [[Taishō period|Taishō]]
from:1945 till:2013 shift:(-40,0) text: [[Postwar Japan|Postwar]]
from:1989 till:2013 text: [[Heisei]]
bar:Russian color:age
from:1825 till:1917 shift:(-30,5) text:[[Russian Empire]]
from:1825 till:1855 shift:(0,-5) text:[[History of Russia (1796–1855)|Tsarist]]
from:1855 till:1892 shift:(0,-5) text:[[History of Russia (1855–1892)|Reactionaries]]
from:1892 till:1917 shift:(0,-5) text:[[History of Russia (1892–1917)|Imperialism]]
from:1917 till:1991 shift:(0,5) text:[[History of the Soviet Union|Soviets]]
from:1917 till:1927 shift:(0,5) text:[[History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union (1917–27)|Revolution]]
from:1927 till:1953 shift:(0,-5) text:[[History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)|S]]
from:1953 till:1964 shift:(0,-5) text:[[History of the Soviet Union (1953–1964)|K]]
from:1964 till:1982 shift:(0,-5) text:[[History of the Soviet Union (1964–1982)|B]]
from:1982 till:1991 shift:(0,-8) text:[[History of the Soviet Union (1982–1991)|Dissolution]]
from:1991 till:2013 shift:(0,3) text:[[History of Russia (1992–present)|Federation]]
bar:U.S. color:age
from:1825 till:1860 text: [[Antebellum]]
from:1860 till:1865 shift:(0,5) text: [[American Civil War|Civil War]]
from:1865 till:1900 text: [[Gilded Age]]
from:1900 till:1918 shift:(0,5) text: [[Progressive Era]]
from:1918 till:1945 text: [[History of the United States (1918–45)|World Wars]]
from:1945 till:1964 text: [[History of the United States (1945–64)|Post-War]]
from:1964 till:1980 shift:(0,7) text: [[History of the United States (1964–80)|Cold War America]]
from:1980 till:1991 text: [[History of the United States (1980–91)|Republicanism]]
from:1991 till:2013 shift:(0,5) text: [[History of the United States (1991–present)|America]]
</timeline>
:::''Dates are approximate range (based upon influence), consult particular article for details''
=====Contemporary=====
<timeline>
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Period = from:1900 till:2020
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1900
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1900
PlotData =
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:11 shift:(0,-5)
bar:Decades color:era
from:1900 till:1920 shift:(0,7) text:[[Modernity|Late modernity]]
from:1970 till:2013 shift:(0,7) text:[[Postmodernity|Post-Modern]]
from:1920 till:1930 text:[[Roaring Twenties|20s]]
from:1930 till:1940 text:[[The Thirties|30s]]
from:1940 till:1950 text:[[The Forties|40s]]
from:1950 till:1960 text:[[The Fifties|50s]]
from:1960 till:1970 text:[[The Sixties|60s]]
from:1970 till:1980 text:[[The Seventies|70s]]
from:1980 till:1990 text:[[The Eighties|80s]]
from:1990 till:2000 text:[[The Nineties|90s]]
from:2000 till:2010 text:[[The Noughties|00s]]
from:2010 till:2013 text:
bar:Technology color:era
from:1900 till:1945 shift:(-25,-10) text:[[Machine Age]]
from:1900 till:1940 shift:(-25,0) text:[[Second Industrial Revolution|2nd Industrial]]
from:1970 till:2013 text:[[Information Age]]
from:2010 till:2013 shift:(-10,-5) text:[[Big Data|Data]]
bar:World.Wars color:era
from:1914 till:1918 text:[[World War I|WWI]]
from:1918 till:1939 text:[[Interwar period|Interwar]]
from:1939 till:1946 text:[[World War II|WWII]]
from:1946 till:1962 text:[[Post-war era|Post-war]]
bar:Atomic color:era
from:1945 till:2013 text:[[Atomic Age]]
bar:Cold.War color:era
from:1945 till:1991 text:[[Cold War]]
bar:Space color:era
from:1957 till:2013 text:[[Space Age]]
bar:US.Trends color:era
from:1900 till:1925 text:[[Progressive Era|Progressive]]
from:1900 till:1940 shift:(0,-16) text:[[Social liberalism|Liberalism]]
from:1920 till:1940 shift:(-20,5) text:[[Fascism]]
from:1925 till:1940 shift:(0,-7) text:[[New Deal]]
from:1940 till:1960 text:[[Beat Generation|Beatniks]]
from:1960 till:1973 shift:(0,3) text:[[Counterculture of the 1960s|Hippies]]
from:1973 till:1985 shift:(5,0) text:[[New Right]]
from:1973 till:1985 shift:(-25,-13) text:[[New Left]]
from:1985 till:2013 shift:(5,0) text:[[Neoconservatism|Neocon]]
from:1985 till:2013 shift:(-25,-13) text:[[Neoliberalism|Neolib]]
bar:Oil color:era
from:1901 till:2013 text:[[Age of Oil]]
</timeline>
====Future====
===''Advice''===
{|width="55%"
|
{{hidden begin
|title = Man's Road
|titlestyle = background:lightgrey; text-align:center;
}}
====''The Poor Man's Road to Wealth''====
There are two ways to get rich — the right way and the wrong way; the easy way and the impossible way; the common way and the rare way. And of course the wrong and impossible way is the common way.
To be rich is to have all the money you want. And the common way of trying to get rich Is to try to get enough money for one's wants. The difficulty in this way is that the wants always grow faster than the money pile. You want to be rich enough to rent a vehicle; when you begin to rent, you want to own a vehicle; when you drive your own vehicle, you want to own a luxury vehicle; when you have a luxury vehicle, you want to own a vehicle for the children.
When a man buys railroads as other men buy vehicles, he may be in straitened circumstances, though he has fifty billions in U. S. bonds. The more money a man has, the poorer he is, if he has not learned to moderate his desires as well as to accumulate his supplies.
The only way to be rich is to keep one's desires within his Income. If one wants what five cents can buy, and he has ten cents, he is wealthy. A bright dime to a street Arab is greater wealth than a thousand dollars to a merchant prince.
The right way to be rich is never to want what you cannot buy, then you always have as much money as you want. This is the easy way. No man can regulate the contents of his purse; every man can regulate the quality of his desires. Capital is not within every man's attainment; contentment is. He is wealthy who has learned two arts; first, how to be contented with what he can get; second, how to use what he has.
It is always easy to have plenty of money : spend less than you earn. It is always easy to have all the money you want: want less than you have.
No easier way exists to better your circumstances, to become a rich man, than by joining a savings and loan association. It is the poor man's road to wealth.
{{hidden end}}
|}
===''Top Secret ...''===
{|width="55%"
|
{{hidden begin
|title = Classified
|titlestyle = background:lightgrey; text-align:center;
}}
====''Exceptionally grave damage to national security ...''====
(: ''... Watch out ...'' ;)<br>
The [[Government warehouse (non-fiction)|wikiwarehouse]] contents vary widely. The [[classified information]] is of a sensitive nature to which access is restricted by law or regulation to particular classes of persons. Classified articles (with [[Cover-up|cover story]] ;) include the following, categorized to origin:
====''United States items ...''====
{|align=right style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em;"
|[[Image:Heilige Lanze 02.JPG|noframe|right|123px]]
|}
* The [[Ark of the Covenant]] ([[Biblical]]/film ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'')
* The [[Holy Grail]]
* The [[Spear of Destiny]] ([[Biblical artifact]] – [[Spear of Longinus]] that pierced [[Christ]]'s side)
* [[Martian war machine]] ([[Fiction]] – [[Movie]]/[[Television series]] ''[[War of the Worlds (television)|War of the Worlds]]'')
* [[Test tube|Water vial]] (Fiction – labeled "''[[Fountain of Youth]]''")
* [[Kryptonite]] samples (Fiction – mineral from the "Superman" comic books)
* [[The Blob (movie)|The Blob]] (Fiction – film ''The Blob'')
* The [[Stargate (device)|Stargate]] (Fiction – film/TV ''[[Stargate]]'')
* [[Amelia Earhart]]'s plane (Fact – plane lost June 2, 1937)
* 300 MPG [[Carburetor]] (Conspiracy theory)
* [[Unidentified flying object|UFO]]s (see ''[[Project Bluebook]]'')
* [[Audio recording]]s and [[video|visual recording]] of [[Close Encounters of the Third Kind|''Close Encounters'']]' [[spacecraft|Mothership]]
* [[Black helicopter conspiracy theory|Black helicopter]]s (Conspiracy – see ''[[Men in Black|Men In Black]]'')
* [[HAL 9000]] [[prototype]] (Fiction – film ''[[2001: A Space Odyssey]]'')
* [[Avro Arrow]] [[Fighter plane]] [[prototype]]s (Sightings and theories abound – one of many top secret aircraft)
* [[Medicinal Brazilian rain forest plants]]
* [[Hindenburg disaster|''Hindenburg'' failure analysis]] (Conspiracy, bomb aboard)
* [[Philadelphia Experiment]] equipment (Fiction/Conspiracy – film ''[[Philadelphia Experiment]]'' – supposed real event)
* [[N ray|N-ray]] [[detector]] (Conspiracy/[[Junk Science]] – "Discovered" by [[René Blondlot]] in 1903)
* [[Nazi nuclear weapons]]
* [[Nazi Swiss gold]] (Two and a half (2 1/2) [[ton]]s)
* [[Cryogenic]] [[suspension chamber]]s
* [[Nikola Tesla]]'s confiscated personal effects
* [[Wilhelm Reich]]'s confiscated personal effects
* Several [[species]] of [[Jackalope]]s (Fiction – Mythical Creature)
* [[Gary Gygax]]'s confiscated personal effects
* [[Steve Jackson Games]] Files (Real Event – office (Steve Jackson Games) raided March 1, 1990 by [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]])
* [[Captain America]]'s [[Shield]] (Fiction – comic book "Captain America")
* [[Marilyn Monroe]] [[Diary|Diar]]ies (Conspiracy – missing pages containing evidence of JFK assassination)
* [[United States|U.S.]] [[United States Navy|Navy]] map of [[Gilligan's Island]] (Fiction – television show)
* Collected [[John F. Kennedy assassination|JFK]] [[evidence]] from the [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archive]] (Conspiracy – containing evidence of JFK assassination)
* John F. Kennedy's [[brain]] (Real – missing after autopsy)
* Bodies
** [[Al Capone]]
** [[John F. Kennedy]] (the Ultimate Conspiracy)
** [[Elvis Presley]] (supposed "faked death")
** [[Jimmy Hoffa]] (Teamster that vanished on July 30, 1975)
** [[Walt Disney]] ([[Urban Legend]] – supposedly frozen)
** [[Bigfoot]] ([[Mythical Creature]])
** [[Alien|Extraterrestrial]]s
====''British items ...''====
{|align=right style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em;"
|[[Image:Grand Turk(34).jpg|noframe|right|123px]]
|}
* [[James Bond]]'s gear (Ian Fleming's character)
* The [[Loch Ness Monster]] (Mythical creature)
* [[Marie Celeste]]'s ship [[logbook]] (Historic – The crew mysteriously vanished on November 7, 1872)
* A [[strategic reserve]] of railway [[train]]s
* ''[[Third_Age|Red Book of Westmarch]]'' (Fiction – J.R.R. Tolkien's original manuscript)
* [[life|Live]] [[Dodo]] [[bird]] (Extinct animal)
* Live [[Thylacine|Tasmanian tiger]]
====''Vatican items ...''====
{|align=right style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em;"
|[[Image:Stradano Inferno Map Lower.jpg|noframe|123px|right]]
|}
* [[Dante Alighieri]]'s diagram of [[Hell]] (Biblical/Fiction – book, "The Divine Comedy")
* [[King Solomon's Mines]] map(Fiction – book, "King Solomon's Mines")
* [[Shroud of Turin]] (Biblical Artifact that is very controversial)
* [[Jesus]]' cross (i.e., The [[True Cross]]) (many artifacts claiming to be the real pieces)
** The crucification nails
** The [[Crown of Thorns]]
** [[Veronica's Veil]]
====''Soviet items ...''====
{|align=right style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em;"
|[[Image:1920 The Jewish Peril - Eyre & Spottiswoode Ltd - 1st ed..jpg|noframe|123px|right]]
|}
* [[Protocols of the Elders of Zion]] list (Fiction/Real – Hoax to blame secret Jewish Cabal)
* [[Vladimir Lenin]]'s last order
* [[Lockheed U-2]] spy plane (Real – shot down [[May 1]], [[1960]] over Soviet territory)
* The [[Amber Room]] (Real – dismantled by Soviet army in Berlin at the end of WWII)
* [[Hitler diary|Hitler's diary]] (Real/Fiction – many hoaxes, are any of them real?)
* Bodies
** [[Adolf Hitler]]
** [[Eva Braun]]
====''Japanese items ...''====
* [[Tojo Hideki]]'s [[telegram]] copy to [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] giving warning of the [[Pearl Harbor]] attack (Conspiracy theory)
* [[Godzilla]] (Fictional Monster)
* [[Ultraman]] (Fictional Hero)
* [[Goddess]] [[Amaterasu]]'s [[sword]] (given to the first [[Emperor]]) (Mythology)
* Bodies
** [[Emperor Jinmu of Japan|Emperor Jinmu]] (神武天皇; Jinmu Tennō) (First Emperor)
** [[Tojo Hideki]] (東條 英機) (WWII General)
** the fictional remains of [[Akira (film)|Akira]] (Fiction)
{{hidden end}}
|}
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====''Beer metrics''====
Beer is the world's most widely consumed alcoholic beverage, and is the third-most popular drink overall, after water and tea.
{{Alcoholic beverages}}
{{Beer metrics}}
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