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{{Short description|1917–1948 shipbuilding company in the United States}}
{{Infobox company
|image= File:03-3-1 Federal-Kearny-25.jpg <!--File:Aerial view of Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company 03, Kearny NJ (USA) 1945.jpg-->
|image_caption= Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, 1945
|name = Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company
|logo =
|fate = liquidated
|parent= [[U.S. Steel|United States Steel]] Corporation
|foundation = {{start date|1917|07|24}}<ref name="Dickie, 1922">{{cite journal |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3z0fAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA121 |title= Federal Shipbuilding Yard Busy |journal= Pacific Marine Review |editor-first= Alexander J. |editor-last= Dickie |publisher= Pacific American Steamship Association |volume= 19 |date= February 1922 |page= 121 }}</ref>
|industry = [[Shipbuilding]]
|products =
|defunct = 1948
|___location = [[Kearny, New Jersey]]
|successor =
}}
The '''Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company''' was a United States [[shipyard]] in [[New Jersey]] active from 1917 to 1948. It was founded during [[World War I]] to build ships for the [[United States Shipping Board]]. Unlike many shipyards, it remained active during the shipbuilding slump of the 1920s and early 1930s that followed the World War I boom years. During [[World War II]], it built merchant ships as part of the U.S. Government's [[Emergency Shipbuilding program]], at the same time producing more destroyers for the [[United States Navy]] than any yard other than the [[Bath Iron Works]]. Operated by a subsidiary of the [[United States Steel Corporation]], the shipyard was located at [[Kearny Point]] where the mouth of the [[Hackensack River]] meets [[Newark Bay]] in the [[Port of New York and New Jersey]].
Around 570 vessels were contracted for construction by Federal SB&DD Company with about 100 not delivered fully completed due to the end of the World War II. Federal also had a yard at [[Port Newark]] during World War II that built destroyers and landing craft.<ref name="shipbuildinghistory.com" />
[[File:Aerial view of Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company 01, Kearny NJ (USA) 1945.jpg|300px|thumb|Aerial view of Federal Shipbuilding in May 1945]]
Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company was founded July 24, 1917, as a [[subsidiary]] of [[United States Steel Corporation]] to supply ships for the [[United States Shipping Board]] during [[World War I]].<ref name="Dickie, 1922" /> The site on [[South Kearny, New Jersey|Kearny Point]] was first surveyed during the summer of 1917.<ref name="Port of NY, 1920" /> The shipyard was to consist of everything needed to fully complete a ship from a facility power plant to a wood joining shop. A steel plate mill and boiler shop were to be built as well. $10 million (${{formatprice|{{inflation|USD|10000000|1917}}}} today) was allocated for construction. The [[American Bridge Company]] was contracted to provide 10,000 tons of steel for the structures. E. H. Gary was president of Federal in August 1917.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1915&dat=19170825&id=BP4gAAAAIBAJ&pg=5033,5226233&hl=en |title= Biggest Yard for Building Ships |agency= Wall Street Journal |___location= New London, CT |newspaper= The Day |date= August 25, 1917 |page= 11 }}</ref> The [[Slipway|ship-ways]] were completed by the fall of 1917 with keels being laid by November 1917. Federal completed a 9,600-ton ship around six weeks before World War I ended as well as two other ships before the close of 1918. 27 ships were delivered to the [[Emergency Fleet Corporation]] in 1919. Federal accounted for 5% of the steel merchant tonnage built in 1919.<ref name="Port of NY, 1920">{{cite journal |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Rv0_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA274 |title= Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company |journal= Port of New York Annual |year= 1920 |page=274 }}</ref>
By June 1921, the Federal yard at Kearny had a {{convert|535|x|161.5|ft|m}} boiler construction shop to build [[Scotch marine boiler]]s, [[Funnel (ship)|exhaust stacks]], tanks, uptakes and other related items. 235 boilers had been constructed from September 1919 to June 1921. Boilers constructed there were mostly {{convert|15|ft|m}} diameter or larger. At that time, 250 men were able to construct three boilers a week with a single 8-hour shift each day.<ref>{{cite journal |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VMg7AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA443 |title= Quantity Production of Scotch Marine Boilers |journal= Marine Engineering & Shipping Age |volume= 26 |publisher= Aldrich Publishing Company |date= June 1921 |page= 443 }}</ref>
By November 1921, Federal had shipbuilding ways for twelve 15,000-ton vessels and had constructed a 9,000-ton floating dry dock. The dry dock was first used June 23, 1921, when Transmarine Corp.'s SS ''Suhulco'' docked. The Kearny yard was {{convert|17|acres|ha}} with {{convert|2400|ft|m}} of frontage on the Hackensack River. A wet basin was located at the southern end with a 100-ton 3-legged [[jib crane]] for fitting out new ships.<ref>{{cite journal |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VMg7AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA835 |title= Federal Shipyard takes up Ship Repairing |journal= Marine Engineering & Shipping Age |volume= 26 |publisher= Aldrich Publishing Company |date= November 1921 |page= 835 }}</ref>
On Sunday night, May 18, 1924, a fire destroyed the largest building at the Kearny yard causing an initially estimated $500,000 in damage.<ref>{{cite news |title= Half Million Shipyard Burns |___location= Billings, MT |newspaper= Billings Gazette |date= May 19, 1924 |page= 1 }}</ref> Other estimates were $1.6 million or as high as several million dollars in damage. Firemen used four mobile cranes to try to extinguish fires in the pattern building and the plate shop. Over a thousand workers were idled by the fire.<ref>{{cite news |title= Firemen fight flames from moving cranes |agency= United Press |___location= Anniston, AL |newspaper= Anniston Star |date= May 19, 1924 |page= 1 }}</ref> The shipyard had around 5,000 workers at the time and was said to be one of the largest steel fabrication plants in the world. [[Fireboat]]s and numerous firemen from around the area were called in to fight the fire which spread rapidly through the wooden structures at the Kearny yard.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19240519&id=ZXsuAAAAIBAJ&pg=5147,2506726&hl=en |title= Big Fire Raging in N. J. Shipyard |newspaper= The Gazette |___location= [[Montreal]] |date= May 19, 1924 }}</ref>
The Federal yard at Kearny remained operational during the difficult [[interwar period]] and [[Great Depression]] when many shipyards across the country did not.
=== 1940 to closure ===
[[File:Launch of USS Fletcher (DD-445) and USS Radford (DD-446) at Federal SB&DD in May 1942.jpg|thumb|May 1942 launch of USS Fletcher (DD-445) and USS Radford (DD-446) at Federal. 2 of the 4 destroyers launched on May 4, 1942.]]
Federal made national news when around 16,000 workers went on strike at Kearny from August 7 to August 25, 1941. Work was stopped on $493 million (${{formatprice|{{inflation|USD|493000000|1941}}}} today) in Navy and merchant shipbuilding contracts as the nation ramped up ship construction before entering World War II. The strike was ended when President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] ordered the Navy to seize control of the facility.<ref>{{cite news |title= Kearny Plant to Resume Full Operations Tuesday |agency= United Press |___location= Sheboygan, WI |newspaper= Sheboygan Press |date= August 25, 1941 }}</ref> The final sticking point in negotiations had been the refusal of management at Federal to accept demands to require a "maintenance of membership" clause which would effectively make the shipyard a [[closed shop]]. Company president Lynn H. Korndorff offered the shipyard to the Navy rather than accept the demands to become a closed shop.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2293&dat=19410824&id=mNImAAAAIBAJ&pg=1903,858705&hl=en |first= T. F. |last= Reynolds |agency= United Press |title= US Seizes Kearny Shipyard |newspaper= The Sunday Morning Star |___location= Wilmington, DE |date= August 24, 1941 |page= 1 }} (Page 6 contains text of FDR's executive order signed August 23, 1941, to seize the plant)</ref>
When the Navy took over, the yard fell under the supervision of Rear Admiral [[Harold G. Bowen Sr.]] as Officer-in-charge. It was the first take over of an industrial plant by the Navy in that era. While the union was enthusiastic about the seizure, they did not get the response they were expecting when the Navy took control. According to Rear Admiral Bowen in his autobiography, while he was cordial with labor, he refused to acknowledge any union's right to collectively bargain for the workers at Kearny. He also refused to take steps to implement the "maintenance of membership" issue.<ref>{{cite book |url= http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015006391265;view=1up;seq=235 |last= Bowen |first= Harold G. |title= Ships, Machinery and Mossbacks: The Autobiography of a Naval Engineer |___location= Princeton, N.J. |publisher= Princeton Univ. Press |year= 1954 |chapter= 5 |page= 221 }}</ref> By November 1941, the "maintenance of membership" clause was still not being enforced and the union sought relief from the Defense Mediation Board.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19411116&id=pnIbAAAAIBAJ&pg=3816,4658360&hl=en |title= Mediation Board Decision Would Affect CIO Parley |newspaper= The Pittsburgh Press |date= November 16, 1941 |page= 9 }}</ref>
After 134 days of operation by the Navy, control of the shipyard was returned to the company on January 6, 1942. Under Navy control the shipyard laid 12 keels, launched 10 and commissioned 7 ships. [[Secretary of the Navy]] [[Frank Knox]] returned the shipyard and asked that the company and union work out the remaining issue. Failing that, the two parties would use newly established national machinery to resolve the dispute.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19420105&id=bWpWAAAAIBAJ&pg=5551,1086559&hl=en |title= Navy Turns Plant Over to Owner |agency= AP |newspaper= Spokane Daily Chronicle |date= January 6, 1942 |page= 6 }}</ref> The "maintenance of membership" issue had still not been resolved. In May 1942, Federal finally gave in to demands to require membership in the CIO [[Industrial Union of Marine and Shipbuilding Workers]]. Company president Lynn H. Korndorff said Federal only complied with the order of the [[National War Labor Board (1942–1945)|National War Labor Board]] because of the war emergency. The incident was viewed as one of the first major tests of the NWLB.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2209&dat=19420509&id=7YdAAAAAIBAJ&pg=4377,2685677&hl=en |title= Big Steel Accepts Labor Board Order |newspaper= The Telegraph |___location= Nashua, NH |date= May 9, 1942 |page= 2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1917&dat=19420509&id=52YtAAAAIBAJ&pg=3363,1026292&hl=en |title= Shipyard Dispute is Terminated |agency= AP |newspaper= Schenectady Gazette |date= May 9, 1942 |page= 3 }}</ref>
According to [[John T. Cunningham]] in "Made in New Jersey," Federal "completely proved its might". On one day alone in May 1942, the company launched four destroyers in a 50-minute period.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1928&dat=19420504&id=mrY0AAAAIBAJ&pg=3208,2563751&hl=en |title= 4 Destroyers Launched from Kearny Yards |___location= Lewiston, ME |newspaper= The Lewiston Daily Sun |date= May 4, 1942 |page= 1 |quote= Fletcher, Radford, Quick, and Mervine }}</ref> By 1943, Federal Shipbuilding was employing 52,000 people and building ships faster than any other yard in the world."<ref name = hubwithheart>{{Citation | last = Genovese | first = Peter | title = 'Jersey State of Mind': A gritty little hub with heart | newspaper = The Star-Ledger | date = October 7, 2011 | url = http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/10/jersey_state_of_mind_a_gritty.html | access-date = 2011-10-06 | quote = The Federal Shipbuilding Co., a U.S. Steel subsidiary based in South Kearny, played a key role in supplying ships for both World Wars. Scarcely six months after Pearl Harbor, according to John Cunningham in "Made in New Jersey," Federal "completely proved its might. On one day alone in May 1942, the company launched four destroyers. By 1943, Federal Shipbuilding was employing 52,000 people and building ships faster than any other yard in the world."}}</ref>
Federal continued to set company construction speed records throughout the war. In July 1943, Federal claimed records of 170 days from keel to commissioning on the 2,050-ton {{sclass|Fletcher|destroyer|0}} destroyer {{USS|Dashiell|DD-659}} and 137 days on the 1,630-ton {{sclass|Gleaves|destroyer|0}} destroyer {{USS|Thorn|DD-647}}. Federal also said [[Type C2 ship]]s were being built in an average time of 82 days. In July 1943, destroyer escorts were being launched about once a week since spring of 1943.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1964&dat=19430702&id=UVkyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3353,73991&hl=en |title= Real Speed |newspaper= The Palm Beach Post |date= July 2, 1943 |page= 5 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Between the Newark and Kearny yards, Federal launched a company record of 11 ships in 29 days during March 1943.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19430329&id=iuZOAAAAIBAJ&pg=2456,7045670&hl=en |title= Newark Launches Four Warships |agency= AP |newspaper= St. Petersburg Times |date= March 29, 1943 |page= 9 }}</ref>
After World War II ended, a number of destroyers were cancelled including some that were partially constructed. Federal had contracts to build several cargo ships for the [[United States Maritime Commission]]. Five [[Type C3-class ship]]s were for [[Lykes Lines]] and six for [[American South African Line]]. Two bulk carriers were built for [[National Gypsum]] and three [[Type C2 ship]]s for [[Grace Line]]'s "Santa" / South American passenger-freight service. Federal also converted {{SS|Uruguay}} from wartime service for [[Moore-McCormack]] starting in 1946.<ref name="shipbuildinghistory.com" /><ref>{{cite journal |url= https://archive.org/details/pacificmarinerev4346paci |title= Various |journal= Pacific Marine Review |year= 1946 |volume= 43 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url= https://archive.org/details/pacificmarinerev4447paci |title= Various |journal= Pacific Marine Review |year= 1947 |volume= 44 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url= https://archive.org/details/pacificmarinerev4548paci |title= Various |journal= Pacific Marine Review |year= 1948 |volume= 45 }}</ref>
4,000 shipyard workers at Federal joined 90,000 other east coast shipyard workers in a [[strike action]] on 1 July 1947.<ref>{{cite news |title= More Shipyard Workers Strike |agency= INS |newspaper= New Castle News |date= July 1, 1947 }}</ref> The strike at Federal ended in November 1947 after 140 days.<ref>{{cite news |title= Ship Builders End Strike |agency= AP |___location= Dixon, IL |newspaper= Evening Telegraph November 14, 1947 }}</ref>
[[File:U.S. Navy ships awaiting scrapping by the Union Minerals and Alloys Corporation, Kearny, New Jersey (USA), in June 1974 (555767).jpg|thumb|left|Site of the former Federal yard at Kearny in foreground on left, c.1974.]]
On April 23, 1948, Lynn H. Korndorff, the President of Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company announced that the US Navy had agreed to purchase facilities at Kearny for around $2,375,000 (${{formatprice|{{inflation|USD|2375000|1948}}}} today), its depreciated book value.<ref>{{cite news |title= Navy Buys New Jersey Shipyard |agency= AP |newspaper= Indiana Evening Gazette |date= April 23, 1948 }}</ref> The Navy planned to hold the facility in a standby state for potential emergency reactivation.<ref>{{cite news |title= US Steel has gone out of the shipbuilding business |___location= Long Beach, CA |newspaper= Press Telegram |date= April 22, 1948 }}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' regarded this sale price to be "astoundingly low".<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1948/04/22/archives/plant-of-us-steel-is-sold-to-the-navy-federal-shipbuilding-goes-for.html |title= Plant of U.S. Steel is Sold to Navy |quote= Federal Shipbuilding Goes for $2,375,000, Regarded as Astoundingly Low |newspaper= The New York Times |date= April 22, 1948 }}</ref> In July 1948, Federal's large floating dry dock was towed 1,700 miles in 19 days to [[Gulf Shipbuilding Corporation]]'s [[Chickasaw, Alabama]], shipyard, which had been constructed during World War I by U.S. Steel, parent of Federal SB&DD.<ref>{{cite news |title= Big Floating Dry Dock coming to Mobile |agency= AP |newspaper= Dothan Eagle |date= July 28, 1948 }}</ref>
Around 465 ships were delivered by Federal SB&DD Company out of its 569 hull numbers allocated. 325 were delivered from the Kearny yard and 140 from Port Newark.<ref name="shipbuildinghistory.com">{{cite web |url= http://shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/2large/inactive/federal.htm |title= Federal Shipbuilding, Kearny and Newark NJ |website= shipbuildinghistory.com |access-date= May 17, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150502085208/http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/2large/inactive/federal.htm |archive-date= May 2, 2015 |url-status= dead }}</ref>
Instead of building ships, the site eventually hosted a salvaging operation where numerous ships were scrapped. In 1975, the former Federal yard was described as one of the nation's largest [[ship breaking]] yards. According to the 1975 head of the River Terminal Development Corp, the first ship to be scrapped at the yard was {{USS|Enterprise|CV-6}} in 1959. Other carriers scrapped there included ''Essex'', ''Randolph'', ''Boxer'', ''Wasp'' and ''Antietam''. Battleships, battle cruisers, cruisers and submarines had also been scrapped at the former Federal yard as of the mid-1970s.<ref>{{cite news |title= Famed Ships scrapped at ship-breaking yard |agency= AP |newspaper= Anderson Herald Bulletin |date= September 1, 1975 }}</ref> [[Texas Tower 3]] was also scrapped at the Federal yard by Lipsett Corp.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.radomes.org/museum/parsehtml.php?html=TexasTowerNo3NantucketShoal1964salvage.html&type=doc_html |agency= AP |title= Texas Tower May Get New Job |newspaper= Bergen Record |date= August 11, 1964}}</ref>
===Current use===
Portions of the Federal yard have been converted into warehouses and mixed-use business parks by property developers including River Terminal Development Corp. and the Hugo Neu Corporation.<ref>[https://www.riverterminal.com/our-development/ RIVER TERMINAL DEVELOPMENT]</ref><ref>[https://developersguide.njfuture.org/case-studies/kearny-point/ Industrial to Mixed-use Redevelopment: Kearny Point, Kearny], New Jersey Future and New Jersey Builders Association</ref> In November 2013, Federal's Building 77 completed its renovation and reopened as the [[USS Juneau (CL-52)|USS ''Juneau'']] Memorial Center, which now houses [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]]'s Office of Emergency Management.<ref>[https://www.themusialgroup.com/uss-juneau-center-memorial-dedication Musial Group Architects]</ref><ref>[https://fusioncreative.com/work/uss-juneau-memorial-center-kearny-nj Fusion Creative Branding]</ref> During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], the ''Juneau'' Center became a county-operated [[COVID-19 vaccine|vaccination]] mega-site.<ref>[https://hudsoncountyview.com/hudson-county-run-vaccination-site-in-kearny-just-shy-of-13000-shots-administered/ Hudson County-run vaccination site in Kearny just shy of 13,000 shots administered], Hudson County View, Feb. 21, 2021</ref>
==Ships built at Kearny==
===Military ships===
The Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company built eleven classes of ships for the U.S. military. Of the 387 ships of those classes constructed nationally, 108 came from Kearny. Of the 415 World War II–era destroyers of ''all'' classes produced nationally, 69 came from Kearny.
* [[List of light cruisers of the United States Navy|Light cruisers]]
** {{sclass|Atlanta|cruiser|0}} (2 of 8) – {{USS|Atlanta|CL-51|1}}–{{USS|Juneau|CL-52|1}} in 1940 – 1941
** {{sclass|Juneau|cruiser|0}} (all 3) – {{USS|Juneau|CL-119|1}}–{{USS|Fresno|CL-121|1}} in 1945 – 1946
* [[List of destroyer classes of the United States Navy|Destroyers]]
** {{sclass|Mahan|destroyer|0}} (2 of 18) – {{USS|Flusser|DD-368|1}}–{{USS|Reid|DD-369|1}}
** {{sclass|Somers|destroyer|0}} (2 of 5) – {{USS|Somers|DD-381|1}}, {{USS|Warrington|DD-383|1}}
** {{sclass|Benham|destroyer|0}} (3 of 10) – {{USS|Benham|DD-397|1}}–{{USS|Lang|DD-399|1}}
** {{sclass|Sims|destroyer|0}} (2 of 12) – {{USS|Anderson|DD-411|1}}–{{USS|Hammann|DD-412|1}}
** {{sclass|Gleaves|destroyer|0}} (26 of 66)
***(4 of 18, interwar era) – {{USS|Plunkett|DD-431|1}}–{{USS|Kearny|DD-432|1}}, {{USS|Edison|DD-439|1}}–{{USS|Ericsson|DD-440|1}}
***(22 of 48, WWII era) – {{USS|Bristol|DD-453|1}}–{{USS|Rodman|DD-456|1}}, {{USS|Aaron Ward|DD-483|1}}–{{USS|Quick|DD-490|1}}, {{USS|Davison|DD-618|1}}–{{USS|Nelson|DD-623|1}}, {{USS|Stevenson|DD-645|1}}–{{USS|Turner|DD-648|1}}
** {{sclass|Fletcher|destroyer|0}} (29 of 175) – {{USS|Fletcher|DD-445|1}}–{{USS|La Vallette|DD-448|1}}, {{USS|Saufley|DD-465|1}}–{{USS|Waller|DD-466|1}}, {{USS|Philip|DD-498|1}}–{{USS|Sigsbee|DD-502|1}}, {{USS|Dashiell|DD-659|1}}–{{USS|Kidd|DD-661|1}}, {{USS|Black|DD-666|1}}–{{USS|Melvin|DD-680|1}}
** {{sclass|Allen M. Sumner|destroyer|0}} (18 of 58) – {{USS|Allen M. Sumner|DD-692|1}}–{{USS|Hugh Purvis|DD-709|1}}
* [[List of United States Navy amphibious warfare ships#Attack Cargo Ship (AKA)|Attack cargo ships]]
** {{sclass|Andromeda|attack cargo ship|0}} (21 of 32) – {{USS|Andromeda|AKA-15|1}}–{{USS|Virgo|AKA-20|1}}, {{USS|Achernar|AKA-53|1}}, {{USS|Alshain|AKA-55|1}}, {{USS|Chara|AKA-58|1}}–{{USS|Theenim|AKA-63|1}}, {{USS|Winston|AKA-94|1}}–{{USS|Oglethorpe|AKA-100|1}}
====Canceled orders====
USS ''Buffalo'' (CL-84) and USS ''Newark'' (CL-88) were cancelled 16 December 1940.<ref>{{cite book |first= Norman |last= Friedman |title= U.S. Cruisers, An Illustrated Design History |year= 1984 |isbn= 978-0-87021-718-0}}</ref>{{clarify|date=February 2023|reason=are these Juneau-class? previous list hierarchy was ambiguous}}
===Merchant ships===
The last ships for the [[United States Shipping Board]] were [[List of Emergency Fleet Corporation shipyards#row_federal|delivered by January 1920]]. Federal Kearny built 30 of the 48 [[Design 1037 ship]]s. These were the very first ships built at the site, with yard numbers 1 through 30.
* USSB #955–#964
** ''[[USS Liberty (AK-35)|Liberty]]'', ''Federal'' -> ''[[List of shipwrecks in January 1945#9 January|Fukuzan Maru]]''. ''[[List of shipwrecks in 1919#29 January|Piave]]'', ''[[USS Mercer (ID-3837)|Mercer]]'', ''Marne'' → ''[[List of shipwrecks in July 1945#30 July|Yuzan Maru]]'', ''[[SS Winona|The Lambs]]''
** ''[[List of shipwrecks in 1927#July|Homestead]]'', ''[[List of Empire ships (K)#Empire Kudu|Duquesne]]'', ''[[List of shipwrecks in April 1943#29 April|McKeesport]]'', ''[[List of Empire ships (R)#Empire Redshank|Braddock]]''
* USSB #1422–#1441
** ''Donora'', ''[[List of Empire ships (Th–Ty)#Empire Thrush|Lorain]]''
** ''Waukegan'', ''Youngstown'', ''Ambridge'', ''[[List of Empire ships (R)#Empire Reindeer|Clairton]]'', ''Innoko'', ''Wytheville''
** ''Belfort'', ''Westmoreland'', ''Bellbuckle'', ''Vincent'', ''[[List of Empire ships (P)#Empire Peacock|Bellhaven]]'', ''[[List of Empire ships (W)#Empire Whale|Winona County]]''
** ''Bellepline'', ''[[List of shipwrecks in September 1944#9 September|Anaconda]]'', ''Bellerose'', ''Kearny'', ''[[List of shipwrecks in November 1940#21 November|Bellflower]]'', ''[[List of Empire ships (M)#Empire Magpie|Bellemina]]''
For private contractors
* 18 cargo ships for the parent company [[United States Steel|U.S. Steel]] / the [[Isthmian Steamship Company]]
** ''[[List of shipwrecks in March 1942#7 March|Steel Age]]'', [[List of shipwrecks in April 1942#20 April|''Steel Maker'']], ''[[List of shipwrecks in September 1943#23 September|Steel Voyager]]'', ''[[List of shipwrecks in June 1942#3 June|Steel Worker]]'', ''Steel Mariner'' (6,000t, 1920)
** ''Steel Trader'', ''Steel Exporter'', ''Steel Engineer'', ''Steel Inventor'', ''Steel Ranger'' (6,000t 1920)
** ''[[List of shipwrecks in September 1941#5 September|Steel Seafarer]]'', ''[[List of shipwrecks in October 1942#12 October|Steel Scientist]]'', ''[[List of shipwrecks in October 1942#19 October|Steel Navigator]]'' (6,000t, 1921)
** ''Steel Traveler'' (7,000t, 1922)
** ''Steel Motor'', ''Steel Vendor'' (1,700t, 1923)
** ''Steel Chemist'', ''Steel Electrician'' (1,700t, 1926)
** See also: [[Gulf Shipbuilding#Chickasaw Shipbuilding and Car Company|related work done in Chicksaw]]
* 11 tankers for [[Standard Oil of New Jersey]]
** ''[[USS Vandalia (IX-191)|Walter Jennings]]'', ''E. T. Bedford'',<ref name="marad">[https://vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/Search dot.gov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014133240/https://vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/Search |date=2022-10-14 }} covers name, approximate tonnage, launch year, original owner</ref> ''J. A. Moffet Jr.''<ref name="marad"/> (9,600t / 9,800t, 1921)
** {{SS|R.P. Resor||2}}, ''[[List of shipwrecks in March 1942#31 March|T. C. McCobb]]'' (7,500t, 1936)
** ''Esso Bayonne'', ''Esso Bayway'' (7,700t, 1937)<ref name="marad"/>
** ''[[List of shipwrecks in May 1942#13 May|Esso Houston]]'',<ref name="marad"/> ''[[List of shipwrecks in April 1942#12 April|Esso Boston]]'' (7,700t, 1938)
** ''Esso Montpelier'', ''Esso Concord'' (7,700t, 1940)<ref name="marad"/>
* 4 passenger ships for the [[Grace Line]] (9,100t)<ref name="marad"/>
** {{SS|Santa Rosa|1932|2}}, {{SS|Santa Paula|1932|2}} (1932)
** ''[[USS Leedstown (AP-73)|Santa Lucia]]'', ''Santa Elena'' (1933)
* 5 tankers for [[Pan American Petroleum and Transport Company|Pan-American Patroleum]]<ref name="marad"/>
** ''Pan-Maine'', ''Pan-Florida'' (7,200t, 1936)
** ''Pan-New York'', ''Pan-Maryland'' (7,700t, 1938)
** ''Pan-Rhode Island'' (7,700t, 1941)
* 2 tankers for Imperial Oil in 1921 (11,000t, 1921)
** ''Vancolite'', ''Victolite''
* tanker ''Gulfpride'' for [[Gulf Oil]] in 1927 (12,500t)
* passenger ''[[USS Alcor (AD-34)|Dixie]]'' for the Southern Pacific SS Line 1928 (8.200t)
* 2 tankers for Standard Shipping in 1930
** ''G. Harrison Smith'', ''W. S. Farish''
Several ships for the Maritime Commission were built before the war broke out.
* 3 T3 in 1939
** ''Markey'', ''Neosho'', ''Esso Trenton''
* 6 C2 in 1939 and 1940
** {{SS|Challenge||2}}, {{SS|Red Jacket||2}}, {{SS|Lightning||2}}, {{SS|Flying Cloud||2}}, {{SS|Flying Fish||2}}
* 6 C3 in 1940 and 1941
** {{SS|Sea Fox||2}}, {{SS|Sea Hound||2}}, {{SS|Sea Panther||2}}, {{SS|Almeria Lykes||2}}, {{SS|Howell Lykes||2}}, {{SS|Mormacyork||2}}
* 5 C1-B in 1940 and 1941
** {{SS|Joseph Lykes||2}}, {{SS|Zoella Lykes||2}}, {{SS|Reuben Tipton||2}}, {{SS|Fred Morris||2}}, {{SS|John Lykes||2}}
** 2 DeLaval Trenton. steam turbines, double reduction gears, 1 shaft,<ref>{{cite web|title=Joseph Lykes (1940) - Lloyds Register of Ships|url=https://southampton.spydus.co.uk/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=1411352}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Zoella Lykes (1940) - Lloyds Register of Ships|url=https://southampton.spydus.co.uk/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=1421817}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Reuben Tipton (1940) - Lloyds Register of Ships|url=https://southampton.spydus.co.uk/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=1416730}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=John Lykes (1940) - Lloyds Register of Ships|url=https://southampton.spydus.co.uk/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=1453379}}</ref> uncertain: Fred Morris
== Federal Yard at Port Newark ==
<!--[[File:Bayonne, New Jersey and Staten Island, New York.jpg|thumb|The auto terminal and parking lot to the right of the [[Newark Bay Bridge]] was the site of Federal's Port Newark yard.]]-->
[[File:03-3-2 Federal-Newark-25.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Yard at Newark in 1945]]
In January 1942, Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company announced they were expanding their facilities to increase capacity and employ an additional 10,000 workers.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19420126&id=vzsbAAAAIBAJ&pg=5544,948689&hl=en |title= Federal Shipbuilding Will Expand Facilities to Handle War Orders |agency= United Press |___location= Pittsburgh, PA |newspaper= The Pittsburgh Press |date= January 26, 1942 |page= 20 }}</ref> They expanded to the site of the former [[Submarine Boat Corporation]] at [[Port Newark]] ({{coord|40.69306|-74.12960}}). After nine months of construction to rebuild the facility, the first ships were launched at the Port Newark yard on October 10, 1942.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1876&dat=19421011&id=71wsAAAAIBAJ&pg=5157,3385840&hl=en |title= Two Vessels Launched |agency= AP |___location= Spartanburg, SC |newspaper= The Spartanburg Herald-Journal |date= October 11, 1942 |page= 3}}</ref> All of the [[Gearing-class destroyer]]s built at Federal were built at the Newark yard.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/newark-bay.htm |title= Newark Bay Yard |website= Globalsecurity.org |access-date= May 16, 2015 }}</ref> The Port Newark yard closed after the war and the site gained some notoriety in late 1947 during a [[USS New Mexico (BB-40)#"Battle of Newark Bay"|dispute over the scrapping of the battleship]] {{USS|New Mexico|BB-40|2}} and two others by Lipsett Corp.<ref>{{cite news |author=Staff Writer |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=860&dat=19471113&id=0kwKAAAAIBAJ&pg=5210,3542341 |title=Pact To Stave Off Battle In Newark Sought |newspaper=[[Ellensburg Daily Record]] |___location=[[Ellensburg, Washington]] |date=November 13, 1947 |access-date=2009-10-15}}</ref> The site was an automobile terminal parking lot in the 2010s.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://destroyerhistory.org/destroyers/federal-newark/ |title= Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co, Port Newark |website= Destroyer History Foundation |access-date= 16 May 2015 }}</ref>
{{Clear}}
* 36 of 923 [[Landing Craft Infantry|LCI(L)]]
** #161 ... #196
* 52 of 563 [[destroyer escort#World War II shipbuilding programs|destroyer escorts and APDs]]
** 36 of 72 {{sclass|Cannon|destroyer escort}}s (built October 1942 - January 1944)
*** {{USS|Levy|DE-162|3}} ... {{USS|Roche|DE-197|3}}
** 16 of 83 {{sclass|John C. Butler|destroyer escort}}s (built November 1943 - August 1944)
*** {{USS|Corbesier|DE-438|3}} ... {{USS|Joseph E. Connolly|DE-450|3}}
*** {{USS|Gilligan|DE-508|3}} ... {{USS|Heyliger|DE-510|3}}
* 10 of 415 [[List of destroyer classes of the United States Navy#ww2_classes_table|destroyers]]
** 10 of 98 {{sclass|Gearing|destroyer|0}}
*** {{USS|Gearing|DD-710|3}} ... {{USS|Hamner|DD-718|3}}
*** {{USS|Epperson|DD-719|3}} – completed by [[Bath Iron Works]]<ref>{{cite DANFS |url= http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/e/epperson.html |title= Epperson }}</ref>
*** {{USS|Castle|DD-720|3}} – scrapped incomplete
*** {{USS|Woodrow R. Thompson|DD-721|3}} – scrapped incomplete
* 42 of 558 [[Landing Ship Medium]]: LSM-253 - LSM-294
== See also ==
* [[Chickasaw Shipyard Village Historic District]] – the site of a U.S. Steel shipbuilding yard in [[Chickasaw, Alabama]], which was later owned by Gulf Shipbuilding Corporation, a subsidiary of Waterman Steamship Corporation during World War II.
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |url= http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015006391265;view=1up;seq=219 |last= Bowen |first= Harold G. |title= Ships, Machinery and Mossbacks: The Autobiography of a Naval Engineer |___location= Princeton, N.J. |publisher= Princeton Univ. Press |year= 1954 |chapter= 5 |page= 205 }} - Written by Admiral Harold G. Bowen Sr., chapter 5 details his operation of the Kearny yard in 1941 during the time the government had seized the shipyard.
* {{cite book |url= https://archive.org/details/organizingshipya00palm |url-access= registration |title= Organizing the Shipyards: Union Strategy in Three Northeast Ports, 1933–1945 |publisher= Cornell University Press |year= 1998 |first= David |last= Palmer |isbn= 978-0-8014-2734-3}} - details the labor issues surrounding this shipyard and others in the New York area
== External links ==
{{commons category|Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150502085208/http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/2large/inactive/federal.htm Detailed record of all ships built at Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Kearny and Newark]
* {{cite web |url= http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/kearny.htm |title= Kearny Yard history |website= globalsecurity.org }}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.destroyerhistory.org/destroyers/federal.html |title= Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co, Kearny |website= Destroyer History Foundation }} - Yard background and photographs from 1945 and 2003
* {{cite web|url=http://www.phillyseaport.org/web_exhibits/ladies_who_launch/ |title=Ladies Who Launch |website=phillyseaport.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219015021/http://www.phillyseaport.org/web_exhibits/ladies_who_launch/ |archive-date=2015-12-19 }} - A web exhibit of ship christening photos that includes half a dozen images of launching ceremonies at the Kearny Yard
* {{cite web |url= http://www.riverterminal.com |title= River Terminal Development |website= riverterminal.com }} - on the site of the shipyard.
{{coord|40.723790|-74.106168|region:US|format=dms|display=title}}
[[Category:Kearny, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Defunct shipbuilding companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Companies based in Hudson County, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Military installations in New Jersey]]
[[Category:1917 establishments in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Shipyards of New Jersey]]
[[Category:Shipyards building World War II warships]]
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