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{{Short description|Architectural practice in Bolton, England}}

[[England|English]] firm of [[Architect|Architects]] founded in [[1862]] by John Jonas Bradshaw ([[1837]]-[[1912]]). The style '''Bradshaw Gass & Hope''' was adopted after J. J. Bradshaw’s death and refers to the remaining partners [[John Bradshaw Gass]] and [[Arthur John Hope]].

{{Use British English|date=November 2022}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}

[[File:Burnley Police HQ1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Burnley]] Police Station and [[Magistrates Court]], built 1951–55]]

'''Bradshaw Gass & Hope''' is an English [[architect|architectural practice]] founded in 1862 by Jonas James Bradshaw ({{c.|1837}}–1912). It is [[Bolton]]'s oldest architectural practice and has exhibited archive drawings in London and [[Manchester]].<ref name="Lingard,Lingard,2007">{{cite book|first1=Jane|first2=Timothy|last1=Lingard|last2=Lingard|date=2007|title=Bradshaw Gass & Hope&nbsp;– The Story of an Architectural Practice|isbn=978-0-9556035-0-1|publisher=Gallery Lingard|___location=London}}</ref> The style "Bradshaw Gass & Hope" was adopted after Bradshaw's death to incorporate the names of the remaining partners, [[John Bradshaw Gass]] and [[Arthur John Hope]].<ref name= Lingard,Lingard,2007 /> {{As of|2022}}, the firm continues to operate from offices in Bolton.<ref name="now">{{cite web|url=http://www.bghbolton.co.uk/|title=Bradshaw Gass & Hope|website=Bradshaw Gass & Hope|access-date=2022-12-05|archive-date=24 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724023917/http://www.bghbolton.co.uk/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==

The firm’s principle office has always been in [[Bolton]], but branch offices were set up in [[Edinburgh]] and [[London]] when major projects were undertaken there.<br />

Jonas James Bradshaw first opened an office on Nelson Square, Bolton in 1862, then moved to 19 Silverwell Street in 1871. His nephew John Bradshaw Gass joined him in 1882 and Arthur John Hope was articled to the firm in 1892, becoming a partner in 1902.<ref name ="NA">{{citation |title=Bradshaw, Gass and Hope of Bolton, Architects |url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/2b8dca08-a1e6-461b-8661-b2241739c8f6 |publisher=The National Archives |access-date=9 November 2014 |archive-date=9 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109192854/http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/2b8dca08-a1e6-461b-8661-b2241739c8f6 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Although Bradshaw was capable of designing fine [[Gothic Revival]] houses, like Watermillock ([[1880]]-[[1886|86]]) near Bolton, he mainly produced industrial buildings. The technical challenges of early iron and concrete framed factories led Bradshaw to employ his own engineers and [[quantity surveyor|quantity surveyors]] and thus found one of the first [[multidisciplinary]] practices. The emphasis on engineering in the practice seems to have benefited [[The Parkinsons|John Parkinson]] ([[1861]]-[[1935]]), Bradshaw’s apprentice from [[1877]] to [[1882]], who immigrated to America where he designed a number of high-rise buildings including [[Los Angeles City Hall]] ([[1928]]).<br />

<ref name= Lingard,Lingard,2007 />

[[File:John Betjeman Reads William Horton's Petition to Save Lewisham Town Hall, 1961.jpg|thumb|right|[[John Betjeman]] reads [[William Newman-Norton|William Norton]]'s Petition to Save [[Lewisham Town Hall]], 1961]]

Although Bradshaw was capable of designing fine [[Gothic Revival]] houses, like Watermillock (1880–1886), he mainly produced industrial buildings. The technical challenges of early [[Reinforced concrete|iron and concrete]] framed factories led Bradshaw to employ [[structural engineers]] and [[quantity surveyor]]s and he thus founded one of the first [[multidisciplinary]] practices. The emphasis on engineering in the practice benefited [[The Parkinsons|John Parkinson]], Bradshaw's apprentice from 1877 to 1882, who later designed [[high-rise buildings]] including [[Los Angeles City Hall]].<ref name= Lingard,Lingard,2007 />

From 1902 until 1912, the practice included a [[comma]] in its name.<ref name= Lingard,Lingard,2007 />

In the early twentieth century, Bradshaw Gass & Hope gained national prominence after winning a number of architectural competitions; the firm built seven town halls between [[1928]] and [[1939]] and extended [[Bolton Town Hall]]. During this period, Bradshaw Gass & Hope attracted many architecture students; half a dozen of these students would later head council architects departments across the country.<br />

In the early 20th century, Bradshaw Gass & Hope achieved national prominence, winning several [[architectural competitions]] and commissions to build seven [[town hall]]s between 1928 and 1939. During the period, Bradshaw Gass & Hope attracted many architecture students, several of whom went on to head [[council architect]]s departments.<ref>{{cite book|first=Austen|last=Redman|date=2007|title=Bolton Civic Centre and the Classical Revival Style of Bradshaw Gass & Hope|editor=Clare Hartwell & Terry Wyke|work=Making Manchester|publisher=Cheshire Antiquarian Society|isbn=978-0-900942-01-3}}</ref>

Until the 1960s most of the firms work was in the [[classical architecture|Classical]] idiom.<br />

Until the 1960s most of the firm's work was in the [[neo-classical architecture|Classical]] idiom.<ref name= Lingard,Lingard,2007 />

Sir [[George Grenfell Baines| George Grenfell-Baines]], the founder of [[Building Design Partnership]], worked in the Bolton office from [[1930]] to [[1934]]; he was impressed by the firm’s multidisciplinary nature but dismayed by its strict [[hierarchy|hierarchical]] structure (at that time).<br />

Sir [[George Grenfell Baines|George Grenfell-Baines]], the founder of [[Building Design Partnership]], worked for the practice from 1930 to 1934 He was impressed by its multidisciplinary nature but dismayed by the then strictly [[hierarchy|hierarchical]] structure.<ref>George Grenfell-Baines (2000), interviewed by Louise Brodie at Preston, (January 5–11) ''Architects' Lives'', London: National Biographical Archive, C467/46/F7839.</ref>

Bradshaw Gass & Hope still operates from its Bolton office.

==Work==

==Selected Buildings by Bradshaw Gass & Hope==

The firm's work includes:<ref>A. Stuart Gray (1985) ''Edwardian Architecture: a Biographical Dictionary'', {{ISBN|0-7156-2141-6}}.</ref><ref>[[Nikolaus Pevsner]] (1969), ''Lancashire 1: the Industrial and Commercial South,'' The Buildings of England, {{ISBN|0-14-071036-1}}.</ref><ref>Nikolaus Pevsner (1969), ''Lancashire 2: The Rural North,'' The Buildings of England, {{ISBN|0-300-09617-8}}.</ref><ref name= Lingard,Lingard,2007/>

Listed by date under practice title at the time:

===Jonas James Bradshaw ''with Leigh Hall''===

* Eaves Lane Workhouse, (now Hospital)hospital, [[Chorley]] (1869-721869–1872)

===J. J. Bradshaw===

* [[Clitheroe]] [[Workhouse]], (now Hospital)hospital (1870)

* Greenthorne, [[Edgworth, Lancashire|Edgworth]], ''private residence'' (enlarged 1880)

* The Spinners’Spinners' Hall, Bolton (1880 and later enlargements)

* Watermillock, Bolton (1880-861880–1886)

===Bradshaw &and Gass===

[[File:Bolton Victoria Hall Interior.jpg|thumb|right|Victoria Hall, Bolton]]

* Rutland Mills, Adelaide Street, Bolton (1883-1920)

* Mather Lane Mill, [[Leigh, Greater Manchester|Leigh]] (1882)<ref>{{NHLE |num= 1356246 |desc= Mather Lane Mill|access-date= 9 November 2014 |mode=cs2}}</ref>

* Lincoln Mill, Washington Street, Bolton (1883-1920)

* Rutland Mills, Adelaide Street, Bolton (1883–1920)

* [[Bolton Evening News]] offices (1890-1907)

* TheLincoln VictoriaMill, Washington HallStreet, Bolton (1898-19001883–1920)

* [[Bolton Evening News]] offices (1890–1907)

* College of Art, Hilden Street, Bolton (1901-3)

* Victoria Hall, Bolton (1898–1900)

* College of Art, Hilden Street, Bolton (1901–1903)

* Leysian Mission, now Imperial Hall, [[City Road]] (1901–1906)

* [[Grand Central Hall]], Liverpool (1905)

===Bradshaw, Gass &and Hope===

[[File:Farnworth Branch Library.jpg|thumb|right|Farnworth Library]]

* Leysian [[Wesleyan]] Mission, [[Finsbury]] (1902-4)

[[File:Farnworth Town Hall.jpg|thumb|right|Farnworth Town Hall]]

* [[Methodist]] Central Hall, Renshaw Street, [[Liverpool]] (1904-5)

* Leysian [[Methodist Church of Great Britain|Wesleyan]] Mission, [[Finsbury]] (1902–1904)

* [[Manchester]] Stock Exchange (1904-06)

* [[Westhoughton Town Hall]] (1903–1904)

* Library, York Street, [[Atherton]] (1904-5)

* [[Manchester Stock Exchange]] (1904–1906)

* [[Carnegie Library]], [[Atherton, Greater Manchester|Atherton]] (1904–1905)

* [[Baptist]] Church, Market Street, [[Farnworth]] (1906)

* Tollard Royal Hotel, [[Southampton Row]], London (1907)

* Queen's Hall Methodist Mission, Market Street, [[Wigan]] (1907-81907–1908)

* Croal Mill, Callis Road, Bolton (1908)

* [[Astley Bridge]] Carnegie Branch Library, Bolton (1909-121909–1912)

* [[GreatFarnworth LeverTown Hall]] Branchand Carnegie Library (1909-121909–1911)

* [[StockportGreat Lever]] CentralBranch Carnegie Library (1912-131909–1912)

* [[Stockport Central Library|Stockport Central Carnegie Library]] (1912–1913)

* [[Leigh Spinners]] (1913)<ref>{{NHLE |num= 1253119|desc= Leigh Mill|access-date= 9 November 2014 |mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>

===Bradshaw Gass &and Hope===

[[File:Trafford-town-hall3.jpg|thumb|right|Trafford Town Hall]]

* Miners Hall, Bolton (1913-14)

[[File:Padiham_Town_Hall.jpg|thumb|right|Padiham Town Hall]]

* [[Royal Exchange, Manchester]] (1914-21)

[[File:Town Hall, Rose Hill, Chesterfield, Derbyshire - geograph.org.uk - 914391.jpg|thumb|right|Chesterfield Town Hall]]

* Miners Hall, Bolton (1913–1914)

* [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange]], Manchester (1914–1921)

* Workshops for the Blind, Marsden Road, Bolton (1914)

* Methodist College, [[Medak]] (1917–1925)

* Sir John Holden's Mill, Blackburn Road, Astley Bridge, Bolton (1920-27)

* [[Astley Bridge Mill]], (1920–1927)

* Methodist College, [[Medak]], [[India]] (1925)

* [[Miners' Convalescent Home, Promenade, [[Blackpool|Miners' Convalescent Home]], Blackpool (1925-271925–1927)

* [[UMIST]], Manchester (1927-571927–1957)

* War Memorial, Bolton (1928)

* [[Co-Op]], Victoria Square, Bolton (1928)

* [[Lewisham]] Town Hall]] (1928-321928–1932)

* [[Leith Theatre]] Town Hall and [[Leith Library|Library]] (1929-311929–1931)

* [[Bolton Town Hall|Bolton Town Hall extensions and Civic Centre]] (1930–1939)<ref>{{NHLE |num= 1388295|desc= Town Hall|access-date= 9 November 2014|mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}</ref><ref>{{NHLE |num= 1352691|desc= Civic Centre|access-date= 9 November 2014|mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>

* [[Bolton Civic Centre]] and Town Hall Extension (1930-39)

* [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]] Town Hall]] (1931)

* Stretford/[[Trafford]] Town Hall]] (1932-331932–1933)

* [[LutonBoothstown TownMines HallRescue Station]] (1934-381933)

* [[Chesterfield]]Luton Town Hall]] (1937-381934–1938)

* [[Padiham]]Chesterfield Town Hall]] (19381937–1938)

* [[Padiham Town Hall]] (1938)

* Turton High School, [[Bromley Cross]] (1939-53)

* CompletionTurton ofHigh School, [[BoltonBromley SchoolCross]] (1945-651939–1953)

* Completion of [[Bolton School]] (1945–1965)

* Police Station and Magistrates Court, [[Burnley]] (1951-55)

* Police HeadStation Quartersand Magistrates Court, [[SalfordBurnley]] (19581951–1955)

* Police Headquarters, [[City of Salford|Salford]] (1958)

* Methodist Chapel, [[Halliwell, Greater Manchester|Halliwell]], Bolton (1959)

* Methodist Chapel, [[Halliwell, Greater Manchester|Halliwell]] (1959)

* [[Imperial Chemical Industries|ICI]]-Alkali Division Head Quarters, Winnington, [[Northwich]] (1959-60)

* [[Imperial Chemical Industries|ICI]]-Alkali Division Headquarters, Winnington, [[Northwich]] (1959–1960)

* Girls School, [[Broughton, Lancashire]] (1962)

* Girls School, [[Broughton, Lancashire|Broughton]] (1962)

* Municipal Offices in Newcastle-under-Lyme (1963)

* Municipal Offices for Jeyes, [[ThetfordNewcastle-under-Lyme]], Norfolk (19701963)

* [[ReebokOffices Stadium]]for Jeyes, [[HorwichThetford]] (19971970)

* [[Bolton Arena]] (1999–2001)

==Alumni==

==Images of Buildings==

<gallery>

Image:Bolton Victoria Hall Interior.jpg|Victoria Hall, Bolton (1898-1900)

Image:2004-10-09_Royal_Exchange.jpg|Manchester Royal Exchange (1914-21)

Image:UMIST main building Whitworth Street.jpg|UMIST (1927-57)

Image:Bolton Civic Centre1.jpg|Bolton Civic Centre (1930-37) with Town Hall Extension (1937) to the right.

Image:Luton_Town_Hallb.jpg|Luton Town Hall (1934-38)

Image:Burnley Police HQ1.jpg|Burnley Police Station and Magistrates Court (1951-55)

Image:ReebokStadium.jpg|Reebok Stadium (1997)

</gallery>

==Some notable people who worked for Bradshaw Gass & Hope==

===Partners===

* John Jonas Bradshaw ({{c. |1837-1912}}–1912)

* [[John Bradshaw Gass]] (1855-19391855–1939)

* [[Arthur John Hope]] (1875-19691875–1969)

* [[James Robert Adamson]] (1883-19431883–1943)

* [[Robert Mackison McNaught]] (1898-19691898–1969)

===Former pupils and technical staff===

* [[James William Wallace]] (1850-1926) ''friend of [[Walt Whitman]]''

* John Parkinson (1861-1935) ''founder of [[The Parkinsons|Parkinson & Son]]''

* Professor Sir [[George Grenfell Baines| George Grenfell-Baines]] (1908-2003) ''founder of [[Building Design Partnership]]''

* George Wilde ''became [[Warrington]] Borough Architect''

* Edgar Taberner ''became [[Chester]] City Architect

* Albert Victor Whitworth ''became [[Exeter]] City Architect''

* Robert Shaw ''became [[Winchester]] City Architect''

* Alexander Steele (1906-80) ''became [[Edinburgh]] City Architect''

===Others===

* [[The Parkinsons|John Parkinson]] (1861–1935), architect

* Sir [[George Grenfell Baines|George Grenfell-Baines]] (1908–2003), founder of [[Building Design Partnership]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==

* '''Austen Redman''' (2007), ''Bolton Civic Centre and the Classical Revival Style of Bradshaw Gass & Hope.'' in '''Clare Hartwell & Terry Wyke'''(editors), ''Making Manchester'', Lancashire & Cheshire Antiquarian Society, ISBN 978-0-900942-01-3

* [http://www.bghbolton.co.uk/ Bradshaw Gass & Hope] Official site

{{Lancashire cotton}}

=External Links=

{{Authority control}}

* [http://bgh.tickle.co.uk/ Bradshaw Gass & Hope] Official site

* [http://www.boltonmuseums.org.uk/HTML/art.asp Bolton Museum & Art Gallery] (based in Bolton Civic Centre)

* [http://www.fotth.org.uk/ Friends of Trafford Town Hall] – campaigne to prevent demolition of Bradshaw Gass & Hope Building

* [http://www.boltonmethodistmission.co.uk/history.html Victoria Hall, Bolton]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bradshaw Gass and Hope}}

[[Category:English architects]] [[Category:Architecture_firms_of_the_United_Kingdom]] [[Category:Lancashire]]

[[Category:BoltonArchitecture firms of England]]

[[Category:Companies based in Bolton]]

[[Category:Design companies established in 1862]]

[[Category:History of Lancashire]]

[[Category:1862 establishments in England]]

[[Category:British companies established in 1862]]