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{{Short description|2005 film directed by Ang Lee}}
{{About|the 2005 film}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Brokeback Mountain
| image = Brokeback mountain.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Ang Lee]]
|
| screenplay = {{Plainlist|
* [[Larry McMurtry]]
* [[Diana Ossana]]
}}
| story =
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Brokeback Mountain (short story)|Brokeback Mountain]]''|[[Annie Proulx]]}}
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Diana Ossana
* [[James Schamus]]
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Heath Ledger]]
* [[Jake Gyllenhaal]]
* [[Linda Cardellini]]
* [[Anna Faris]]
* [[Anne Hathaway]]
* [[Michelle Williams (actress)|Michelle Williams]]
* [[Randy Quaid]]
<!--Refer to [[Template:Infobox film]]-->
}}
| cinematography = [[Rodrigo Prieto]]
| editing = {{Plainlist|
* [[Geraldine Peroni]] * [[Dylan Tichenor]] }}
| music = [[Gustavo Santaolalla]]
| studio = [[Focus Features]]<br>[[River Road Entertainment]]
|
| released = {{Film date|2005|9|2|[[62nd Venice International Film Festival|Venice]]|2006|1|13|United States}}
| runtime = 134 minutes<!--Theatrical runtime: 134:22--><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/brokeback-mountain-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mdyxnzg|title=''Brokeback Mountain'' (15)|work=[[BBFC]]|date=September 26, 2005|access-date=January 12, 2024|archive-date=January 12, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112215127/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/brokeback-mountain-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mdyxnzg|url-status=live}}</ref>
|
|
| budget = $14 million<ref name="boxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=brokebackmountain.htm|title=Brokeback Mountain (2005) |website=
[[Box Office Mojo]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603100814/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=brokebackmountain.htm|archive-date=June 3, 2011}}</ref>
| gross = $179.1 million<ref name="boxofficemojo.com"/>
}}
Lee became attached to the project in 2001 after previous attempts to adapt Proulx's story into a film did not materialize. [[Focus Features]] and [[River Road Entertainment]] would jointly produce and distribute the film. After Ledger and Gyllenhaal's casting was announced in 2003, filming commenced in various locations in [[Alberta]] in 2004. ''Brokeback Mountain'' premiered at the [[62nd Venice International Film Festival|2005 Venice International Film Festival]], where it won the [[Golden Lion]], and was released to theaters on December 9 that year.
The film received widespread critical acclaim, with high praise for the performances of Ledger and Gyllenhaal. It emerged as a commercial success at the box-office, grossing over $178 million worldwide against its $14 million budget, and won [[List of accolades received by Brokeback Mountain|various accolades]]. At the [[78th Academy Awards]], ''Brokeback Mountain'' was nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and won for [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay|Best Adapted Screenplay]], and [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Original Score]]. It garnered seven nominations at the [[63rd Golden Globe Awards]], winning [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama|Best Motion Picture — Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]] and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Song]]. At the [[59th British Academy Film Awards]], ''Brokeback Mountain'' had nine nominations, winning [[BAFTA Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[BAFTA Award for Best Direction|Best Direction]], [[BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay|Best Adapted Screenplay]] and [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role|Best Supporting Actor]] (Gyllenhaal). It was the film that topped the best of the year lists.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-07-06 |title=Best of 2005 |url=https://criticstop10.com/best-of-2005/ |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=CriticsTop10 |language=en-US}}</ref>
''Brokeback Mountain'' was subject to controversies; its loss to ''[[Crash (2004 film)|Crash]]'' (2004) for the Academy Award for Best Picture, subsequent censorship, and criticism from conservative media outlets received significant attention. The sexuality of the main characters has been subject to discussion. ''Brokeback Mountain'' has also been regarded as a turning point for the advancement of [[queer cinema]] into the mainstream. In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" and was listed on the ballot for the [[American Film Institute]]'s list of [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)]].<ref>{{cite web |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) Ballot |url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921090928/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf |archive-date=September 21, 2017 |access-date=June 12, 2025 |website=[[American Film Institute]]}}</ref> Since then, it has been ranked by several publications, film critics and scholars as one of the best films of the 2000s,<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2010-12-03 |title=Best Films of the 2000s |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-lists/10-best-movies-of-the-decade-146702/ |access-date=2025-06-12 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref> the [[BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century|21st century]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-23 |title=The 21st Century's 100 greatest films |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20160819-the-21st-centurys-100-greatest-films |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> and of [[List of films voted the best|all time]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nicholson |first=Peter Debruge,Lisa Kennedy,Jessica Kiang,Tomris Laffly,Guy Lodge,Amy |date=2022-12-21 |title=The 100 Greatest Movies of All Time |url=https://variety.com/lists/best-movies-of-all-time/ |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-21 |title=The 100 Best Movies Of All Time — And Where You Can Watch Them |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies-2/ |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=Empire |language=en}}</ref>
==Plot==
<!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, plot summary should be between 400 to 700 words. -->
In [[Wyoming]] in 1963, cowboys [[Ennis Del Mar]] and [[Jack Twist]] are hired by rancher Joe Aguirre to herd his sheep through the summer on grazing pastures on Brokeback Mountain. After a night of heavy drinking, Jack makes a pass at Ennis. While initially reluctant, Ennis becomes receptive, and he and Jack have sex in their tent. Despite Ennis telling Jack that it was a one-time incident, they develop a sexual and emotional relationship. Near the end of their work contract, Ennis and Jack have a brawl that leaves both of them bloodied. Before parting ways, Ennis offhandedly laments that he left one of his shirts on the mountain.
Ennis marries his longtime fiancée Alma Beers and they have two daughters: Alma Jr. and Jenny. Jack returns the next summer seeking work, but Aguirre, who observed Jack and Ennis engaging in homosexual activity on the mountain, tells him he has no work for guys who "stem the rose." Jack moves to [[Texas]], where he meets [[rodeo]] rider Lureen Newsome, the daughter of a wealthy agricultural machinery manufacturer; they marry and have a son.
After four years apart, Jack visits Ennis. Upon meeting, they kiss passionately, which a stunned Alma inadvertently sees. At a motel room, Jack wants them to create a life together, but Ennis refuses to abandon his family and is haunted by a childhood memory of his father showing him the body of a man who was tortured and killed for suspected homosexuality.
Ennis and Jack meet infrequently for private fishing trips while their respective marriages deteriorate. Lureen abandons the rodeo and goes into business with her father, with Jack working in sales. Lureen's father has a strong dislike for Jack and openly disrespects and belittles him. Alma and Ennis divorce in 1975. Upon hearing about it, Jack drives to Wyoming and tells Ennis that they should live together, but Ennis refuses to move away from his children.
Alma takes custody of Alma Jr. and Jenny, and marries Monroe, manager of the grocery store where she works. Ennis is invited to Thanksgiving dinner. While alone in the kitchen, Alma confronts Ennis about Jack. The two spar, causing Ennis to storm out and cease contact with Alma.
Ennis has a brief romantic relationship with Cassie, a waitress. Jack and Lureen befriend Randall and Lashawn Malone, and it is implied that Jack and Randall have a brief affair. At the end of a tryst disguised as a fishing trip, Ennis says he cannot see Jack again for months due to work demands. The pair argue, before Jack embraces a crying Ennis.
A postcard Ennis sent Jack is returned stamped with "Deceased." Ennis calls Jack's phone number. Lureen answers and says Jack died when a car tire exploded in his face. While hearing what happened, Ennis envisions men fatally beating Jack with a tire iron. Lureen says Jack requested his ashes be scattered on Brokeback Mountain.
Ennis visits Jack's parents hoping to carry out his wish. Jack's father declares that Jack's ashes will be interred in a family plot. Jack's mother allows Ennis to visit Jack's old bedroom. Ennis finds the shirt he thought he left on the mountain, which Jack had secretly kept, nested inside one of Jack's shirts. Ennis embraces the shirts and silently weeps. Jack's mother allows him to keep them.
Years later, an aging Ennis lives alone and reclusive in a trailer. His grown daughter, Alma Jr. visits him to announce her engagement to Kurt, who works in the oil fields. She asks for her father's blessing and invites him to the wedding. Ennis hesitates to come due to upcoming work commitments, then agrees to attend the wedding. As Alma Jr. leaves, she forgets her jacket, so Ennis puts it into the closet where the two shirts hang, Jack's shirt now inside Ennis's. Next to them, tacked to the closet door, is a postcard of Brokeback Mountain. With tears in his eyes, he stares at the mementos, and says, "Jack, I swear..."
==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Heath Ledger]] as [[Ennis Del Mar]]
* [[Jake Gyllenhaal]] as [[Jack Twist]]
* [[Michelle Williams (actress)|Michelle Williams]] as Alma Beers Del Mar
* [[Anne Hathaway]] as Lureen Newsome Twist
* [[Randy Quaid]] as Joe Aguirre
* [[Linda Cardellini]] as Cassie Cartwright
* [[Anna Faris]] as Lashawn Malone
* [[David Harbour]] as Randall Malone
* [[Roberta Maxwell]] as Mrs. Twist
* [[Peter McRobbie]] as John Twist
* [[Kate Mara]] as Alma Del Mar Jr.
* [[Scott Michael Campbell]] as Monroe
* [[Graham Beckel]] as L.D. Newsome
* Mary Liboiron as Fayette Newsome
* Larry Reese as Jolly Minister
* Marty Antonini as Timmy}}
Credits adapted from ''[[TV Guide]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/brokeback-mountain/cast/2000122139/|title=Brokeback Mountain Cast and Crew|magazine=TV Guide|access-date=April 8, 2025|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021015434/https://www.tvguide.com/movies/brokeback-mountain/cast/197902/|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Production==
=== Development ===
[[File:Ang Lee (8464865494).jpg|thumb|Director [[Ang Lee]] in 2013]]
Screenwriter [[Diana Ossana]] discovered [[Annie Proulx]]'s short story, ''[[Brokeback Mountain (short story)|Brokeback Mountain]]'', in October 1997, just days after its publication. She convinced writing partner [[Larry McMurtry]] to read it; he thought it was a "masterpiece". The pair asked Proulx if they could adapt it into a film screenplay; although she did not think that the story would work as a film, she agreed.<ref name=":7" /> In a 1999 interview with ''[[The Missouri Review]]'', Proulx praised their screenplay.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 1, 1999|title=The Missouri Review » An Interview with Annie Proulx|url=https://www.missourireview.com/article/an-interview-with-annie-proulx/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023033856/https://www.missourireview.com/article/an-interview-with-annie-proulx/|archive-date=October 23, 2019|access-date=September 30, 2020}}</ref> Ossana said that convincing a director and production company to make the film was a challenging and nonstop process.<ref name=":7" /> [[Gus Van Sant]] attempted to make the film, hoping to cast [[Matt Damon]] and [[Joaquin Phoenix]] as Ennis and Jack, respectively. He also considered [[Leonardo DiCaprio]], [[Brad Pitt]] and [[Ryan Phillippe]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vulture.com/2018/07/here-are-the-a-listers-who-turned-down-brokeback-mountain.html |title=Here Are the A-listers Who Turned Down 'Brokeback Mountain'<!-- Bot generated title --> |date=July 19, 2018 |access-date=October 11, 2021 |archive-date=October 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011113050/https://www.vulture.com/amp/2018/07/here-are-the-a-listers-who-turned-down-brokeback-mountain.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Josh Hartnett]] was originally attached to the film but dropped out due to scheduling conflicts with ''[[The Black Dahlia (film)|The Black Dahlia]]''.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/movies/josh-hartnett-joaquin-phoenix-brokeback-mountain-news-com-au-interview/|title=Josh Hartnett wishes he and Joaquin Phoenix went through with 'Brokeback Mountain'|first1=Joey|last1=Nolfi|date=December 9, 2021|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=December 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209164933/https://ew.com/movies/josh-hartnett-joaquin-phoenix-brokeback-mountain-news-com-au-interview/|archive-date=December 9, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Damon, who previously worked with Van Sant on ''[[Good Will Hunting]]'', told the director, "Gus, I did a gay movie (''[[The Talented Mr. Ripley (film)|The Talented Mr. Ripley]]''), then a cowboy movie (''[[All the Pretty Horses (film)|All the Pretty Horses]]''). I can't follow it up with a gay-cowboy movie!"<ref name="nashawaty20070806">{{Cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2007/08/06/damon-fame-fatherhood-bourne/ |title=The Strong Violent Type |last=Nashawaty, Chris |date=August 6, 2007 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=January 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225124549/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0%2C%2C20035285_20035331_20049809_4%2C00.html |archive-date=December 25, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> Instead, Van Sant went on to make the 2008 biographical film ''[[Milk (2008 American film)|Milk]]'', based on the life of gay rights activist and politician [[Harvey Milk]]. According to Ossana, [[Edward Norton]], [[Joel Schumacher]] and dozens of others were approached to direct: "they all came back saying they loved it but no one would commit."<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title = The Searchers|last = Smith|first = Adam|date = January 2006|journal = Empire|issue = 199|pages = 120–125|type = Magazine Interview with Ang Lee}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/brokeback-mountain-actors-who-turned-down-roles-film-1099361/|title = 'Brokeback Mountain' Writer Reveals Actors Who Almost Starred|website = [[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date = April 4, 2018|access-date = December 25, 2021|archive-date = December 25, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211225061507/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/brokeback-mountain-actors-who-turned-down-roles-film-1099361/|url-status = live}}</ref>
[[Focus Features]] CEO [[James Schamus]] [[optioned]] the film rights in 2001, but thought it was a risky project. [[Pedro Almodóvar]] was initially offered the opportunity to direct, but turned it down, citing concerns about artistic freedom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 29, 2022 |title=Pedro Almodóvar explains why he turned down director role on Brokeback Mountain |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/pedro-almodovar-brokeback-mountain-director-b2111831.html |access-date=April 11, 2023 |website=The Independent |language=en |archive-date=April 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412184618/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/pedro-almodovar-brokeback-mountain-director-b2111831.html |url-status=live }}</ref> At Ossana's request, Schamus showed the story and screenplay to director [[Ang Lee]].<ref name=":7" /> Lee decided to make ''[[Hulk (film)|Hulk]]'' instead; his experience of ''Hulk,'' and ''[[Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon]]'' from two years prior left him exhausted. In 2003, he considered retirement but ''Brokeback Mountain'' came back to his mind and tempted him back into filmmaking.<ref name=":8">{{cite web|title = Brokeback Mountain: 10 Years On an Oral History|url = http://www.out.com/out-exclusives/2015/7/28/brokeback-mountain-10-years-oral-history|website = www.out.com|access-date = February 19, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304233924/http://www.out.com/out-exclusives/2015/7/28/brokeback-mountain-10-years-oral-history|archive-date = March 4, 2016|url-status = live|date = July 28, 2015}}</ref> Lee attempted to get the film made as an independent producer.<ref name=":1" /> However, this did not work out, and before Lee would take a break after finishing ''Hulk'', he contacted Schamus about ''Brokeback Mountain''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|title = Ride the High Country|last = Bowen|first = Peter|date =Autumn 2005|journal = Filmmaker|volume = 14|issue = 1|pages = 34–39}}</ref> Schamus thought ''Brokeback Mountain'' embraced the [[American West]] without being a traditional Western,<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 19, 2006|title=Interview: James Schamus|url=https://www.uncut.co.uk/features/interview-james-schamus-43693/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017010920/http://www.uncut.co.uk/features/interview-james-schamus-43693|archive-date=October 17, 2015|access-date=September 28, 2020|website=Uncut}}</ref> and told Lee that he should consider directing it. Lee said, "Towards the end [of the script] ... I got tears in my eyes".<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Papamichael|first=Stella|date=December 20, 2005|title=BBC - Movies - interview - Ang Lee|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2005/12/20/ang_lee_brokeback_mountain_2005_interview.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220213648/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2005/12/20/ang_lee_brokeback_mountain_2005_interview.shtml|archive-date=February 20, 2020|access-date=September 28, 2020|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> He was particularly drawn to the authentic rural American life and repression depicted in the story.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Roman|first=Julian|date=December 7, 2005|title=Ang Lee Talks 'Brokeback Mountain'|url=https://movieweb.com/ang-lee-talks-brokeback-mountain/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503081600/https://movieweb.com/ang-lee-talks-brokeback-mountain/|archive-date=May 3, 2020|access-date=September 28, 2020|publisher=[[MovieWeb]]}}</ref> [[Bill Pohlad]] of River Road Entertainment, who had a two-year partnership with Focus Features, helped finance the film.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Goldstein|first=Greg|date=September 6, 2007|title=Pohlad's River Road prefers path less taken {{!}} Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pohlads-river-road-prefers-path-149549|access-date=October 10, 2020|website=www.hollywoodreporter.com|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201121803/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pohlads-river-road-prefers-path-149549|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Casting ===
Casting director [[Avy Kaufman]] said Lee was very decisive about the actors for the lead roles. In 2003, screenwriters Ossana and McMurty suggested [[Heath Ledger]] (after being impressed by his performance in ''[[Monster's Ball]]''), but the film studio thought he was not masculine enough. Regardless, Kaufman sent the script to Ledger, who thought it was "beautiful" and put himself forward.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=Strachan|first=Maxwell|date=December 11, 2015|title='Brokeback Mountain,' 10 Years On|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/brokeback-mountain-history-behind-the-scenes_n_5667c4eee4b080eddf562aef|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001082703/https://consent.yahoo.com/v2/collectConsent?sessionId=2_cc-session_bc2c044f-8c62-40cf-9042-d35f50ec8c4f|archive-date=October 1, 2020|access-date=September 29, 2020|website=Huffington Post}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> Gyllenhaal reacted to the script positively and signed on for the role; he also did not want to miss the opportunity to work with Lee and friend Ledger. Lee met with [[Mark Wahlberg]] for a role in the film, but Wahlberg declined as he was "creeped out" by the script.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.advocate.com/news/daily-news/2010/04/28/catholic-priest-advised-wahlberg-turn-down-brokeback-mountain | title=Catholic Priest Advised Wahlberg to Turn Down Brokeback Mountain |website=Advocate |date=April 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2024}}</ref> Gyllenhaal admired Ledger and described him as "way beyond his years as a human".<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|jstor = 101525/fq.2007.60.3.44|title = Brokering Brokeback : Jokes, Backlashes, and Other Anxieties|last = Rich|first = Ruby B|date =Spring 2007|journal = Film Quarterly|volume = 60|doi = 10.1525/fq.2007.60.3.44|issue = 3|pages = 44–48|issn=0015-1386}}</ref> Other actors were considered for the leads but Lee and Gyllenhaal said they were too afraid to take on the roles.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nasson|first=Tim|date=April 7, 2006|title=Ang Lee Brokeback Mountain Interview, by Tim Nasson|url=https://www.wildaboutmovies.com/interviews/ang-lee-brokeback-mountain-interview-by-tim-nasson/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001082718/https://www.wildaboutmovies.com/interviews/ang-lee-brokeback-mountain-interview-by-tim-nasson/|archive-date=October 1, 2020|access-date=September 28, 2020|website=Wild About Movies}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/tv-radio/article/jake-gyllenhaal-women-theyre-superior-to-men-5pcntxlbg |title=Jake Gyllenhaal: 'Women? They're superior to men' |work=The Times |url-access=subscription |last=Heawood |first=Sophie |date=September 26, 2021 |access-date=May 15, 2025}}</ref>
From the beginning, Ledger wanted to portray Ennis and not Jack. He opined that Ennis was more complex; a masculine and homophobic character. Ledger said, "The lack of words he [Ennis] had to express himself, his inability to love", made the role enjoyable.<ref name=":5" /> Ledger, who grew up around horses, researched his character's personal traits, and learned to speak in Wyoming and Texas accents.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Heath Ledger - Interview : Brokeback Mountain : Movies : Entertainment : Web Wombat|url=http://m.webwombat.com.au/entertainment/movies/heath-ledger-int.htm|access-date=September 28, 2020|website=m.webwombat.com.au|archive-date=October 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001082703/http://m.webwombat.com.au/entertainment/movies/heath-ledger-int.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web|last=Feinstein|first=Howard|date=January 6, 2006|title=Interview: Howard Feinstein meets Heath Ledger|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2006/jan/06/1|access-date=October 12, 2020|website=[[The Guardian]]|archive-date=March 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314171017/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2006/jan/06/1|url-status=live}}</ref> Lee gave Ledger and Gyllenhaal books about [[cowboy]]s who were gay or shared similar experiences as the characters depicted in Proulx's story.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=Galloway|first=Stephen|date=November 25, 2015|title=10 Years After 'Brokeback,' Jake Gyllenhaal Remembers Heath Ledger: "Way Beyond His Years as a Human" {{!}} Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ten-years-brokeback-jake-gyllenhaal-843951|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701204510/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ten-years-brokeback-jake-gyllenhaal-843951|archive-date=July 1, 2020|access-date=September 29, 2020|website=www.hollywoodreporter.com}}</ref> Gyllenhaal later said:{{blockquote|That what ties these two characters together is not just a love, but a loneliness. I think primarily it was deep loneliness. And what I always say about that movie [Brokeback Mountain], which I think maybe over time is more understood, is that this is about two people desperately looking for love. To be loved. And who were probably capable of it. And they just found it with someone of the same sex. And that does not dismiss the fact that it is about, really, primarily, the first kind of very profound gay love story. Hopefully it can create an equality of an idea: that is, it's possible that you can find love anywhere. That intimacy exists in so many places that convention and society won't always allow us to see. And we won't allow ourselves to see, because of what criticism—and danger, really—it might provoke.<ref name=":6" />}}
Lee interviewed between 20 and 30 actresses for the roles of Alma and Lureen. [[Michelle Williams (actress)|Michelle Williams]] was one of the first to audition for the role of Alma, and Lee thought she was perfect for the part.<ref name=":7" /> [[Anne Hathaway]], who was filming ''[[The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement]]'' at the time, showed up to the audition during her lunch break. She was wearing a [[ball gown]] and hairpiece "that was way over the top", but she still felt focused for the audition.<ref name=":8" /> At first, Lee did not think she was an obvious choice, but he was convinced with her audition and cast her as Lureen. Hathaway lied to Lee about her knowledge of horse riding in order to be cast.<ref>{{cite web|title = The Lie Anne Hathaway Told To Get Hired For Brokeback Mountain|url = https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Lie-Anne-Hathaway-Told-Get-Hired-Brokeback-Mountain-73797.html|website = www.cinemablend.com|date = July 28, 2015|access-date = February 18, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042524/http://www.cinemablend.com/new/Lie-Anne-Hathaway-Told-Get-Hired-Brokeback-Mountain-73797.html|archive-date = March 4, 2016|url-status = live}}</ref> She took lessons for two months to prepare.<ref>Logo Movie Special: "Brokeback Mountain" 2005, TV Movie, Logo, (Interviews with Cast and Crew) December 5</ref>
Lee was happy with Ledger and Gyllenhaal portraying Ennis and Jack, respectively, because he thought their "young innocence" will help carry a love story until the end. Lee added, "I think these two are among the best in their age group [...] Jake plays the opposite of Heath and it creates a very good couple in terms of a romantic love story. The chemistry, I think, is great."<ref name=":3" /> Once all four leads were cast, Lee remembered being impressed with their maturity despite their young age; "It really scared me how good they were".<ref name=":7" />
=== Filming ===
[[File:Mount Lougheed and Windtower.jpg|thumb|238x238px|''Brokeback Mountain'' was filmed in Alberta, Canada|alt=|left]]
[[Principal photography]] began in the summer of 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.playbackmag.com/articles/magazine/20060220/brokeback.html |title=Alberta back on Oscar Mountain |first=Dustin |last=Dinoff |work=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]] |date=February 20, 2006 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927001639/http://www.playbackmag.com/articles/magazine/20060220/brokeback.html |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> While the Proulx story is set in Wyoming, ''Brokeback Mountain'' was filmed almost entirely in the [[Canadian Rockies]] in [[southern Alberta]]. Lee was given a tour of the locations from the story in Wyoming by Proulx, but chose to shoot in Alberta citing financial reasons.<ref name=":2" /> The mountain featured in the film is a composite of [[Mount Lougheed]] south of the town of [[Canmore, Alberta|Canmore]], [[The Fortress (Alberta)|Fortress]] and [[Moose Mountain (Alberta)|Moose Mountain]] in [[Kananaskis Country]].<ref>{{cite news|title = Alberta flaunts cowboy image in Manhattan|publisher = [[CBC News]]|access-date = February 18, 2016|url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/alberta-flaunts-cowboy-image-in-manhattan-1.611047|date = February 24, 2006|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070203090428/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2006/02/24/20060224-albertatourism.html|archive-date = February 3, 2007}}</ref> The campsites were filmed at Goat Creek, [[Upper Kananaskis Lake]], [[Elbow Falls]] and [[Canyon Creek, Alberta|Canyon Creek]], also in Alberta. Other scenes were filmed in [[Cowley, Alberta|Cowley]], [[Fort Macleod]], and [[Calgary]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.albertasouthwest.com/include/get.php?nodeid=2321|title = REEL ADVENTURES: Saddles and Side Trips|date = February 18, 2016|access-date = February 18, 2016|website = Alberta SouthWest Regional Alliance|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160309190923/http://www.albertasouthwest.com/include/get.php?nodeid=2321|archive-date = March 9, 2016|url-status = dead|df = mdy-all}}</ref> ''Brokeback Mountain''{{'}}s production budget was approximately US$14 million.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Waxman|first=Sharon|date=March 29, 2006|title=Lawsuit Over 'Brokeback Mountain' Reveals Unease Over Pay for 'Arthouse' Films|work=[[The New York Times]]|url-access=limited|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/29/movies/lawsuit-over-brokeback-mountain-reveals-unease-over-pay-for-arthouse.html|access-date=September 30, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=December 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221164103/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/29/movies/lawsuit-over-brokeback-mountain-reveals-unease-over-pay-for-arthouse.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Initially, Alberta's environmental department prohibited the crew from bringing domestic sheep into the Rockies, due to a risk of disease harming the local wildlife. The authorities eventually gave permission for them to shoot on one mountain, as long as they transported the domestic sheep in and out, every day. A biologist was hired to supervise this process.<ref name=":7" />
Lee prefers working with [[cinematographer]]s who are open minded, eager to learn, and able to show an interest in the story and content before talking about the visuals.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Kenny|first=Glenn|date=Spring 2010|title=Crossing Borders - Ang Lee|url=https://www.dga.org/Craft/DGAQ/All-Articles/1001-Spring-2010/DGA-Interview-Ang-Lee.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709154358/http://www.dga.org/Craft/DGAQ/All-Articles/1001-Spring-2010/DGA-Interview-Ang-Lee.aspx|archive-date=July 9, 2016|access-date=September 28, 2020|publisher=[[Directors Guild of America]]}}</ref> Therefore, he selected [[Rodrigo Prieto]] for the job; saying, "I think he's versatile, and I wanted somebody who could shoot quickly [...] he was able to give me the tranquil, almost passive look I wanted for Brokeback. I believe a talent's a talent".<ref name=":4" />
Ledger and Gyllenhaal, who were friends before ''Brokeback Mountain'', were mostly unconcerned with the intimate scenes.<ref name=":10" /> The first sex scene between Ennis and Jack took 13 takes to meet Lee's expectation. The director would keep his distance from them during filming, allowing the actors to be free and spontaneous. Lee said, "I don't talk too much [to them] except for technical notes. So they [the intimate scenes] are a lot easier to deal with".<ref name=":3" /> Ledger was observant of Lee's directing style, saying, "There's two sides to Ang's direction — there's the pre-production, which is incredibly thorough and private, and then there's the shooting side, when he just doesn't say anything at all."<ref name=":5" /> Ledger said that this helped him try harder during [[take]]s.<ref name=":5" /> Gyllenhaal echoed Ledger's sentiment; "He just totally disconnects from you while you're shooting", but praised Lee's directorial skills.<ref name=":6" /> In regard to acting, Ledger was sometimes disrupted by Gyllenhaal's acting style; Gyllenhaal tended to [[improvise]] whereas Ledger preferred to be highly prepared.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /> The director allowed Ledger to see his performance on the camera monitor so that he could improve.<ref name=":10" />
During the last scenes where Ennis meets Jack's parents, production designer [[Judy Becker]] was tasked in finding a suitable house. Lee took inspiration from painters [[Andrew Wyeth]] and [[Vilhelm Hammershoi]] for the white interior walls. Using two cameras, Lee would capture the actors from both angles, and then change lenses and repeat. "When you edit it together, you can apply certain emphasis to certain reactions, emotions", Lee said.<ref name=":4" /> Ossana remembers that the last scenes were emotional for Ledger and personally affected him. The actors who played Jack's parents, [[Roberta Maxwell]] and [[Peter McRobbie]], said Ledger was very quiet and gave a "powerful performance".<ref name=":7" />
{{Quote box
| quote = ...in the old-school way, people really used to spend their time together. They became a family. And that's what Ang created on the movie. It's why we are all still close — not just bonded by the success of the film, but bonded by the experience. It was an intimate project in that way. We'd wake up and make breakfast for each other, and hang out.
| author = —Gyllenhaal on the film's experience<ref name=":7" />
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}}
Executive producer Michael Hausman rented [[Airstream]] trailers for the cast and crew to sleep in. He created an on-set atmosphere which mimicked a summer camp, where people could bond and feel close. Hausman recalled that they would sit around the fireplaces, cook food and go fishing on the creek.<ref name=":7" /> The production was not without commotion; the cast suffered several injuries during filming. Williams sprained her knee in the early days of filming, therefore, her character's movements were altered to be either sitting or standing most of the time. Ledger also injured his hand when he punched a wall for a scene.<ref name=":8" /> During a kissing scene, Ledger almost broke Gyllenhaal's nose.<ref name=":3" /> The [[American Humane]] raised concerns that animals were treated improperly during filming, alleging that sheep were handled roughly and that an [[elk]] appeared to have been "shot on cue." They learned that the elk was shot with [[anesthetic]], violating standard guidelines for animal handling in the film industry.<ref>{{cite news|date=March 1, 2006|title='Brokeback Mountain' No Love Story for Its Animal Actors|newspaper=U. S. Newswire|url=http://releases.usnewswire.com/GetRelease.asp?id=61728|access-date=November 17, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060509041632/http://releases.usnewswire.com/GetRelease.asp?id=61728|archive-date=May 9, 2006}}</ref>
During post-production, [[Geraldine Peroni]] and [[Dylan Tichenor]] served as film editors, but Peroni died in August 2004 and Tichenor took over.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|date=2005|title=From Heartbreak to Triumph on Brokeback Mountain|url=http://www.avid.co.uk/profiles/generic_intl_profile.asp?taxID=2489&featureID=1236&token=From_Heartbreak_to_Triumph_on_Brokeback_Mountain|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20070818031854/http://www.avid.co.uk/profiles/generic_intl_profile.asp?taxID=2489&featureID=1236&token=From_Heartbreak_to_Triumph_on_Brokeback_Mountain|archive-date=August 18, 2007|access-date=October 12, 2020|website=Avid}}</ref> The pair relied on [[Media Composer]] for editing, and sound engineer [[Eugene Gearty]] used [[Pro Tools]] for the creation of sound effects.<ref name=":11" /> Buzz Image Group were hired to create 75 [[visual effect]] shots, including [[Computer-generated imagery|computer-generated]] clouds, landscapes and sheep.<ref name=":4" /> For the film's theatrical poster, Schamus took inspiration from [[James Cameron]]'s ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]],'' which depicts two [[star-crossed]] lovers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jake and Heath: Their love will go on|url=http://www.defamer.com/hollywood/brokeback-mountain/jake-and-heath-their-love-will-go-on-137271.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060622041834/http://www.defamer.com/hollywood/brokeback-mountain/jake-and-heath-their-love-will-go-on-137271.php|archive-date=June 22, 2006|access-date=May 27, 2006|publisher=[[Gawker Media|Defamer.com]]}}</ref>
=== Music ===
{{Main|Brokeback Mountain: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack|l1 = ''Brokeback Mountain: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack''}}
[[Gustavo Santaolalla]] scored the film's soundtrack, which consists of 17 tracks as well as songs from [[Bob Dylan]] and [[Roger Miller]]. The album was released on October 25, 2005.<ref>{{Citation|title=Brokeback Mountain [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack] - Gustavo Santaolalla {{!}} Songs, Reviews, Credits {{!}} AllMusic|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/brokeback-mountain-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-mw0000349370|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=September 30, 2020|archive-date=September 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908180345/http://www.allmusic.com/album/brokeback-mountain-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-mw0000349370|url-status=live}}</ref> Based on the story and one conversation with the director, Santaolalla was able to score the music before filming began.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tippett|first=Krista|date=August 25, 2016|title=Gustavo Santaolalla — How Movie Music Moves Us|url=https://onbeing.org/programs/gustavo-santaolalla-how-movie-music-moves-us/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423134910/https://onbeing.org/programs/gustavo-santaolalla-how-movie-music-moves-us/|archive-date=April 23, 2020|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=The On Being Project}}</ref> He said, "I mean if you are connected to the story and to the director, it makes a lot of sense because somehow you know, the music then becomes a part of the fabric of that film from the very beginning."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Martin|first=Michael|date=October 8, 2009|title=Oscar-Winning Musician Gustavo Santaolalla Talks Artistry|newspaper=NPR.org|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=113609791|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025170806/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=113609791|archive-date=October 25, 2009|access-date=September 30, 2020|publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Belanger|first=Joseph|date=February 8, 2014|title=The black sheep interview: Gustavo Santaolalla (Brokeback Mountain)|url=http://blacksheepreviews.com/the-black-sheep-interview-gustavo-santaolalla-brokeback-mountain/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528115839/http://blacksheepreviews.com/the-black-sheep-interview-gustavo-santaolalla-brokeback-mountain/|archive-date=May 28, 2019|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=Black Sheep Reviews}}</ref> He also used a real orchestra and played his own guitar.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Niles|first=Jon|date=October 17, 2014|title=Exclusive interview: 'The Book Of Life' Composer Gustavo Santaolalla Talks Scoring New Animated Movie, Upcoming Projects & Making Music For Film, TV And Video Games|url=https://www.musictimes.com/articles/12720/20141017/exclusive-interview-book-life-composer-gustavo-santaolalla-talks-scoring-new.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309011915/http://www.musictimes.com/articles/12720/20141017/exclusive-interview-book-life-composer-gustavo-santaolalla-talks-scoring-new.htm|archive-date=March 9, 2018|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=Music Times}}</ref>
==Release==
===Box office===
The film received a [[limited release]] in the United States on December 9, 2005,<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Kirschling|first=Gregory|date=October 7, 2005|title=''Brokeback Mountain's'' no-bull marketing scheme|url=https://ew.com/article/2005/10/07/brokeback-mountains-no-bull-marketing-scheme/|access-date=September 30, 2020|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|archive-date=September 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930103255/https://ew.com/article/2005/10/07/brokeback-mountains-no-bull-marketing-scheme/|url-status=live}}</ref> and grossed $547,425 in its first weekend.<ref name=":9">{{cite web|title=Brokeback Mountain|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0388795/?ref_=bo_rl_ti|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520183944/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0388795/?ref_=bo_rl_ti|archive-date=May 20, 2020|access-date=May 11, 2006|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Over the Christmas weekend, and beginning of January 2006, the film expanded into more domestic theaters. On January 20, the film opened in 1,194 theaters, then 1,652 theaters on January 27, and 2,089 theaters on February 3, its widest release.<ref name=":9" />
''Brokeback Mountain'' was released in one theater in London on December 30 and received a wider release in the United Kingdom on January 6, 2006.<ref>{{cite web|title = Brokeback Mountain|url = https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/brokeback-mountain-2005-1|website = www.bbfc.co.uk|access-date = February 19, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160302150143/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/brokeback-mountain-2005-1|archive-date = March 2, 2016|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/film/brokeback-mountain|title=Brokeback Mountain|website=Time Out London|date=December 20, 2005 |access-date=October 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707225337/https://www.timeout.com/london/film/brokeback-mountain|archive-date=July 7, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was released in France on January 18, to 155 theaters, expanding to 290 by the third week. In its first week of release, ''Brokeback Mountain'' was in third place at the French box office. In Italy, the film grossed more than {{€}}890,000 in three days and was the fourth highest-grossing film in its first week.<ref name=":9" /> The film was released in Australia on January 26, where it ranked fourth place at the weekend box office. ''Brokeback Mountain'' was released in many other countries during the first three months of 2006.<ref>{{cite web |title=Release dates for Brokeback Mountain |website=[[Internet Movie Database]] |access-date=May 27, 2006 |url=http://imdb.com/title/tt0388795/releaseinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060307013102/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0388795/releaseinfo |archive-date=March 7, 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref> During its first week of release in Hong Kong, ''Brokeback Mountain'' was ranked first place at the box office, earning more than US$473,868 ($22,565 per theater).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/hongkong/?yr=2006&wk=8 |title=Hong Kong Box Office |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=July 24, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001045456/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/hongkong/?yr=2006&wk=8 |archive-date=October 1, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film opened in Lee's native Taiwan on January 20. The film grossed $83 million in North America and $95 million internationally, for a worldwide $178 million. It is the highest-grossing release for Focus Features.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Numbers - Box Office Performance History for Focus Features|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/market/distributor/Focus-Features|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=The Numbers|archive-date=June 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610204619/https://www.the-numbers.com/market/distributor/Focus-Features|url-status=live}}</ref>
The film was re-released in theaters on June 22 to June 25, 2025 to celebrate its 20th anniversary.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2025/04/brokeback-mountain-release-date-2-1236380033/ |title='Brokeback Mountain' Getting 20th Anniversary Re-Release This Summer |work=Deadline |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=April 29, 2025 |access-date=May 15, 2025}}</ref>
=== International distribution ===
The film has been given different titles in accordance to different languages and regions. For the film's release in French, Italian and Portuguese, it was titled ''Le Secret de Brokeback Mountain'', ''I segreti di Brokeback Mountain'' and ''O Segredo de Brokeback Mountain'' (''The Secret(s) of Brokeback Mountain''), respectively.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anecdotes, potins, actus, voire secrets inavouables autour de "Le Secret de Brokeback Mountain" et de son tournage!|url=http://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-54989/secrets-tournage/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218222911/http://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-54989/secrets-tournage/|archive-date=February 18, 2019|access-date=October 1, 2019|website=AlloCiné|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=June 30, 2018|title=I segreti di Brokeback Mountain: il finale del film e il suo significato|url=https://www.mondofox.it/2018/06/30/i-segreti-di-brokeback-mountain-il-finale-del-film-e-il-suo-significato/|website=MondoFox|language=it|access-date=September 30, 2019|archive-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930100935/https://www.mondofox.it/2018/06/30/i-segreti-di-brokeback-mountain-il-finale-del-film-e-il-suo-significato/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=O Segredo de Brokeback Mountain |url=https://www.adorocinema.com/filmes/filme-54989/ |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=[[AdoroCinema]] |language=pt}}</ref> In [[Canadian French]], the title is ''Souvenirs de Brokeback Mountain'' (''Memories of Brokeback Mountain'').<ref>{{Cite web|title=Les secrets de tournage du film Le Secret de Brokeback Mountain|url=http://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-54989/secrets-tournage/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218222911/http://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-54989/secrets-tournage/|archive-date=February 18, 2019|access-date=September 30, 2019|language=fr|via=www.allocine.fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=On y revient toujours - Critique - SOUVENIRS DE BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN (2005)|url=https://www.cinoche.com/films/souvenirs-de-brokeback-mountain/critiques/on-y-revient-toujours|website=www.cinoche.com|access-date=September 30, 2019|archive-date=October 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001082705/https://www.cinoche.com/films/souvenirs-de-brokeback-mountain/critiques/on-y-revient-toujours|url-status=live}}</ref> The film received two Spanish titles: ''Brokeback Mountain: En terreno vedado'' (''In a forbidden terrain'') for its release in Spain<ref>{{Cite news|title=Brokeback mountain en terreno vedado|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/cartelera/peliculas/brokeback-mountain-en-terreno-vedado-m-588|access-date=October 1, 2019|website=La Vanguardia|language=es|archive-date=October 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001082706/https://www.lavanguardia.com/cartelera/peliculas/brokeback-mountain-en-terreno-vedado-m-588|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''Secreto en la Montaña'' (''Secret in the mountain'') for its release in [[Latin America]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 4, 2019|title="Secreto en la Montaña": 10 polémicos datos de la cinta protagonizada por Heath Ledger|url=https://de10.com.mx/top-10/secreto-en-la-montana-10-polemicos-datos-de-la-cinta-protagonizada-por-heath-ledger|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405013434/https://de10.com.mx/top-10/secreto-en-la-montana-10-polemicos-datos-de-la-cinta-protagonizada-por-heath-ledger|archive-date=April 5, 2019|access-date=September 30, 2019|website=De10|language=es}}</ref> In [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], the title was ''Túl a barátságon'' (''Beyond friendship'').<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kritika: Túl a barátságon - Moziplussz.hu|url=https://moziplussz.hu/kritika/830/tul-a-baratsagon|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908012609/http://www.moziplussz.hu/kritika/830/tul-a-baratsagon|archive-date=September 8, 2017|access-date=October 1, 2019|website=moziplussz.hu|language=hu}}</ref>{{quote box
| align = right
| width = 22%
| quote = I think they are genuinely happy to see a Chinese director win an Academy Award with good artistic value. I think that pride is genuine, so I would not think that's hypocritical at all [...] I don't know how to describe it, it's just something else. So what can I say?
| source = —Ang Lee, responding to being celebrated in China for winning the Best Director Academy Award, although the film was not released there.<ref name=CNN>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/10/08/talkasia.anglee/|title=Interview with Ang Lee|publisher=CNN|date=October 26, 2007|access-date=April 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112080206/http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/10/08/talkasia.anglee/|archive-date=November 12, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}The film was met with mixed responses in some regions, particularly China and Islamic nations of western Asia. According to reports, the film was not shown in theaters in China, though it was freely available in [[Bootleg recording|bootleg]] [[DVD]] and [[VHS]]. The Chinese government said the audience would have been too small; the foreign media accused the government of [[Censorship of LGBT issues|censorship]].<ref>{{cite web|author=World Entertainment News Network|date=January 27, 2006|title=Brokeback Mountain banned in China|url=http://www.wtopnews.com/index.php?nid=114&sid=682136|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926212046/http://www.wtopnews.com/index.php?nid=114&sid=682136|archive-date=September 26, 2007|access-date=July 24, 2007|publisher=[[WTOP-FM|WTOP]] News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title="Brokeback" not coming to mainland|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-03/10/content_4284001.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225025647/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-03/10/content_4284001.htm|archive-date=February 25, 2008|access-date=July 24, 2007|work=Xinhuanet.com, Sources: China Radio International & Sznews.com}}</ref> The word "brokeback" ({{lang-zh|c=断背|p=duànbèi}}) also entered the Chinese [[lexicon]] as a [[slang]] for homosexuality.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lee|first=Min|title='Brokeback' becomes lingo in Chinese|agency=Associated Press|url=http://english.ohmynews.com/ArticleView/article_view.asp?no=284498&rel_no=1|url-status=live|access-date=November 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112034348/http://english.ohmynews.com/ArticleView/article_view.asp?no=284498&rel_no=1|archive-date=November 12, 2013}}</ref> ''Brokeback Mountain'' was dubbed "the [[gay cowboy]] movie" by the press, a term that was propelled into the American vernacular.<ref name=":0" /> The film was also released in [[Turkey]].<ref>{{cite web|date=March 14, 2006|title=Brokeback Dağı'na 18 yaş sınırlaması|language=tr|url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/kelebek/brokeback-dagina-18-yas-sinirlamasi-4079756|access-date=June 23, 2025|newspaper=[[Hürriyet]]|archive-date=June 23, 2025|archive-url=https://archive.today/20250623223501/https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/kelebek/brokeback-dagina-18-yas-sinirlamasi-4079756|url-status=live}}</ref>
In the Middle East, distribution of the film became a political issue. [[LGBTQ rights in the Middle East|Homosexuality is criminalized]] in most Islamic nations and is [[taboo]] in the few countries where it is legal. [[Lebanon]] was the only Arab country to show the film, although in a censored format. The film was officially banned from screenings in the [[United Arab Emirates]]; however, the DVD of the film was permitted to be rented from stores such as [[Blockbuster Video]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Abdullah|first=Afkar|date=February 9, 2006|title=UAE bans Brokeback Mountain|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/20060209/ARTICLE/302099957/1002|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302110258/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/20060209/ARTICLE/302099957/1002|archive-date=March 2, 2016|access-date=February 17, 2016|work=[[Khaleej Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=November 21, 2008|title=The Dubai desert dream: it's not all fireworks and Kylie By John Arlidge|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|___location=London|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/4205524/The-Dubai-desert-dream-its-not-all-fireworks-and-Kylie.html|url-status=live|access-date=February 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302015542/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/4205524/The-Dubai-desert-dream-its-not-all-fireworks-and-Kylie.html|archive-date=March 2, 2016}}</ref>
On December 8, 2008, the Italian state-owned television channel [[Rai Due]] aired a censored version of the film, removing all the scenes with homoerotic references. Viewers protested, saying the deletions made the plot hard to follow. The [[Arcigay]] organisation accused the channel of homophobic censorship.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 9, 2008|title=L'Arcigay: "La Rai ha censurato il film Brokeback Mountain"|url=http://www.corriere.it/cronache/08_dicembre_09/censurato_film_brokeback_mountain_03bc7070-c5e7-11dd-a2ac-00144f02aabc.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627161626/http://www.corriere.it/cronache/08_dicembre_09/censurato_film_brokeback_mountain_03bc7070-c5e7-11dd-a2ac-00144f02aabc.shtml|archive-date=June 27, 2009|access-date=November 24, 2009|work=[[Corriere della Sera]]|___location=Italy}}</ref> The state-owned television network [[RAI]] said the Italian film distributor had mistakenly censored the film. RAI showed an uncensored version of the film on March 17, 2009.<ref>{{cite web|date=March 10, 2009|title="Brokeback Mountain" torna su Rai2 Ma stavolta senza censurare i baci...|url=http://www.repubblica.it/2008/12/sezioni/spettacoli_e_cultura/censura-brokeback-mountain/trasmette/trasmette.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402105445/http://www.repubblica.it/2008/12/sezioni/spettacoli_e_cultura/censura-brokeback-mountain/trasmette/trasmette.html|archive-date=April 2, 2009|access-date=November 24, 2009|work=[[la Repubblica]]|___location=Italy}}</ref>
=== Home media ===
''Brokeback Mountain'' was the first major film to be released simultaneously on both DVD and digital download via the Internet.<ref>{{cite news|last=Snider|first=Mike|date=April 3, 2006|title=Pick your movie format: Download or DVD|work=[[USA Today]]|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2006-04-02-downloads_x.htm|url-status=live|access-date=May 26, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427153855/http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2006-04-02-downloads_x.htm|archive-date=April 27, 2006}}</ref> It was released in the United States on April 4, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brokeback Mountain (DVD)|url=https://www.walmart.com/ip/Brokeback-Mountain-DVD/4692747|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002054341/https://www.walmart.com/ip/Brokeback-Mountain-DVD/4692747|archive-date=October 2, 2019|website=Walmart.com}}</ref> More than 1 million copies of the DVD were sold in the first week, and it was the third-biggest seller of the week, behind Disney's ''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]]'' and ''[[King Kong (2005 film)|King Kong]].''<ref>{{cite web|title=The Numbers - DVD Sales Chart for Week Ending April 9, 2006|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/dvd-sales-chart/2006/04/09|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301155449/http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/dvd-sales-chart/2006/04/09|archive-date=March 1, 2016|access-date=February 19, 2016|website=www.the-numbers.com}}</ref> Although the ranking fluctuated daily, by late March and early April 2006, ''Brokeback Mountain'' had been the top-selling DVD on [[Amazon.com]] for several days running.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brokeback Mountain|website=Amazon|date=April 4, 2006 |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00005JOFQ|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002054202/https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00005JOFQ|archive-date=October 2, 2019|access-date=July 23, 2007}} Reference content retrieved on July 23, 2007, no longer supports Amazon.com sales ranking statement.</ref>
The DVD in [[DVD region code|Europe]] was released in the UK on April 24, 2006.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brokeback Mountain 2005|website=Amazon|date=April 24, 2006 |url=https://www.amazon.com/Brokeback-Mountain-DVD/dp/B000E6ULOA|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002054505/https://www.amazon.com/Brokeback-Mountain-DVD/dp/B000E6ULOA|archive-date=October 2, 2019|access-date=October 2, 2019}}</ref> This was followed by France in July, and Poland in September, a considerable time after the theater release in both countries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le Secret de Brokeback Mountain [Édition Simple]|url=https://www.amazon.fr/Secret-Brokeback-Mountain-%C3%89dition-Simple/dp/B000FGG7E2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002055329/https://www.amazon.fr/Secret-Brokeback-Mountain-%C3%89dition-Simple/dp/B000FGG7E2|archive-date=October 2, 2019}}</ref> ''Brokeback Mountain'' was re-released in a collector's edition on January 23, 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 27, 2016|title=Brokeback Mountain: 2 Disc Collector's Edition|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/dvds/Brokeback-Mountain-2-Disc-Collector-Edition-2098.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002055009/https://www.cinemablend.com/dvds/Brokeback-Mountain-2-Disc-Collector-Edition-2098.html|archive-date=October 2, 2019|website=CINEMABLEND}}</ref> On the same day, it was also released in [[HD DVD]] format.<ref>{{cite news|date=January 23, 2007|title=Universal announces first new HD DVD titles in 2007|url=http://www.tomshardware.co.uk/universal-hddvd-2007,news-23629.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302061737/http://www.tomshardware.co.uk/universal-hddvd-2007,news-23629.html|archive-date=March 2, 2016|access-date=February 19, 2016|website=Tom's Hardware}}</ref> The film was released on [[Blu-ray]] in the UK on August 13, 2007, and in the U.S. on March 10, 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brokeback Mountain [Blu-ray] (2005)|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001QWEE4E|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316124137/http://www.amazon.com/Brokeback-Mountain-Blu-ray-Heath-Ledger/dp/B001QWEE4E|archive-date=March 16, 2016|access-date=March 17, 2011|work=Amazon.com|date=January 3, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Brokeback Mountain [Blu-ray]|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B000IMVMFW|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163336/https://www.amazon.co.uk/Brokeback-Mountain-Blu-ray-Heath-Ledger/dp/B000IMVMFW|archive-date=June 12, 2018|access-date=February 19, 2016|website=Amazon UK|date=August 13, 2007 }}</ref> The Blu-ray contains special features including interviews with the screenwriters, director and a short documentary about composer Gustavo Santaolalla.<ref>{{Citation|title=Brokeback Mountain Blu-ray Release Date March 10, 2009|url=https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Brokeback-Mountain-Blu-ray/3741/|access-date=September 30, 2020|archive-date=November 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104111850/https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Brokeback-Mountain-Blu-ray/3741/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Kino Lorber]] released the film on [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]] on July 16, 2024.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://kinolorber.com/product/brokeback-mountain-special-edition |title=Brokeback Mountain (4KUHD) {{!}} Kino Lorber - Experience Cinema |language=en |access-date=May 8, 2024 |via=kinolorber.com |archive-date=May 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508084903/https://kinolorber.com/product/brokeback-mountain-special-edition |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Critical response ===
''Brokeback Mountain'' was released to critical acclaim.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4617960.stm|title=Brokeback Mountain's steady rise|work=[[BBC News]]|date=March 6, 2006|access-date=July 20, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527073903/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4617960.stm|archive-date=May 27, 2019}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film holds an approval rating of 88% based on 253 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, "A beautifully epic Western, ''Brokeback Mountain''{{'}}s love story is imbued with heartbreaking universality, helped by moving performances by Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal."<ref name="RottenTomatoes">{{cite web |title=Brokeback Mountain Movie Reviews, Pictures |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/brokeback_mountain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060511200603/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/brokeback_mountain/ |archive-date=May 11, 2006 |access-date=April 8, 2024 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has a rating of 87/100 based on 41 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".<ref>{{cite web|title=Critic Reviews for Brokeback Mountain - Metacritic|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/brokeback-mountain/critic-reviews|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113140106/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/brokeback-mountain/critic-reviews|archive-date=November 13, 2012|access-date=November 16, 2023|work=Metacritic}}</ref>
{{Multiple image
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| image1 = Heath Ledger 2006 - Cropped, Facing Left.jpg
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| image2 = Jake Gyllenhaal Toronto International Film Festival 2013.jpg
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| footer = The performances of [[Heath Ledger]], [[Jake Gyllenhaal]] and [[Michelle Williams (actress)|Michelle Williams]] garnered widespread critical acclaim, earning them [[Academy Award]] nominations for [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]], [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] and [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] respectively.
| image3 = Michelle Williams by Gage Skidmore.jpg
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David Ansen of ''[[Newsweek]]'' gave the film a positive review, praising the faithful screenplay. He adds, "There's neither coyness nor self-importance in ''Brokeback Mountain''—just close, compassionate observation, deeply committed performances, a bone-deep feeling for hardscrabble Western lives. Few films have captured so acutely the desolation of frustrated, repressed passion."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ansen|first=David|date=December 18, 2005|title=The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter|url=https://www.newsweek.com/heart-lonely-hunter-114021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729165013/https://www.newsweek.com/heart-lonely-hunter-114021|archive-date=July 29, 2020|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=[[Newsweek]]}}</ref> Writing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', [[Peter Bradshaw]] praised Ledger and Gyllenhaal for their complementary performances. Bradshaw thought the film was "extremely moving, tragic even, and sensitive towards the feelings of the simple wives who attempt to understand their troubled husbands."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bradshaw|first=Peter|date=January 8, 2006|title=Brokeback Mountain|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2006/jan/08/review.features|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701203914/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2006/jan/08/review.features|archive-date=July 1, 2020|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> [[Ann Hornaday]] of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' was equally positive, opining that the two lead actors' performances were unforgettable. In particular, she thought Ledger was impressive in his portrayal of a reserved and emotionally affected Ennis. Hornaday also praised the costumes and sets, writing "The Wyoming vistas are flawlessly manicured, Ledger and Gyllenhaal perfectly costumed and coiffed; even Ennis and Alma's sad little apartment over a laundromat seems to have been designed to death."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|date=December 16, 2005|title=Lost in Love's Rocky Terrain|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url-access=limited|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/15/AR2005121502059.html|access-date=September 30, 2020|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=November 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129002924/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/15/AR2005121502059.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Roger Ebert]] gave ''Brokeback Mountain'' a rating of four out of four stars in his review. Ebert was impressed with the level of attention to the characters, and thought that the film was as observant as the work by Swedish filmmaker [[Ingmar Bergman]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Brokeback Mountain movie review (2005) {{!}} Roger Ebert|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/brokeback-mountain-2005|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802040832/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/brokeback-mountain-2005|archive-date=August 2, 2020|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> Writing for ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'', [[Sandra Hall (writer)|Sandra Hall]] praised the screenplay and called Ledger and Gyllenhaal "finely tuned". Noting that it is a slow film, Hall thought the filmmakers had adapted Proulx's story without missing any nuances.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hall|first=Sandra| author-link=Sandra Hall (writer)|date=January 25, 2006|title=Brokeback Mountain|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/brokeback-mountain-20060126-gdmuix.html|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|url-access=limited|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802050434/https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/brokeback-mountain-20060126-gdmuix.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[USA Today]]''{{'}}s Mike Clark observed that ''Brokeback Mountain'' was directed and photographed with restraint, and praised its old-fashioned quality, and "unassuming but people-oriented" nature.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Clark|first=Mike|date=December 8, 2005|title=USATODAY.com - 'Brokeback' opens new vistas|url=https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/2005-12-08-brokeback_x.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127221703/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/2005-12-08-brokeback_x.htm|archive-date=November 27, 2017|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=USA Today}}</ref> The film also received a positive reaction from ''[[Christianity Today]]''; the reviewer gave the film 3 out of 4 stars.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cockrel|first=Lisa Ann|title=Reviews: Brokeback Mountain|url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/movies/reviews/2005/brokebackmountain.html?start=1|access-date=March 11, 2010|work=[[Christianity Today]]|date=December 9, 2005 |archive-date=October 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001082746/https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2005/decemberweb-only/brokebackmountain.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In a mixed review, Ed Gonzalez of [[Slant Magazine|''Slant'']] magazine thought the film was too long,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ed|first=Gonzalez|date=November 15, 2005|title=Brokeback Mountain|url=http://slantmagazine.com/film/review/brokeback-mountain/1842|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013164125/http://slantmagazine.com/film/review/brokeback-mountain/1842|archive-date=October 13, 2010|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=[[Slant Magazine]]}}</ref> and the critic from ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine felt that the story became less intense towards the end.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Schickel|first=Richard|date=November 20, 2005|title=Movies: A Tender Cowpoke Love Story|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1132840,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110306092718/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1132840,00.html|archive-date=March 6, 2011|access-date=September 30, 2020|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> Conservative radio host [[Michael Medved]] described it as "extremely well done" and that as a film, it was "better than the [[Gay agenda|agenda]]".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ventura|first=Elbert|date=February 13, 2006|title=What Hollywood Agenda?|url=https://prospect.org/api/content/e2345a0d-192c-5ce4-84ff-199eb19f6e14/|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=The American Prospect}}</ref>
Several conservative political [[pundits]], including commentators [[Bill O'Reilly (commentator)|Bill O'Reilly]], [[John Gibson (political commentator)|John Gibson]], and [[Cal Thomas]], shared Medved's view of the "agenda". Gibson made jokes about the film on his [[Fox News Radio]] program for months after its release. After the death of Ledger in 2008, Gibson was criticized for mocking the deceased actor, and later apologized.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shea|first=Danny|date=January 23, 2008|title=Fox Host John Gibson Mocks Heath Ledger's Death|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/01/23/fox-host-john-gibson-mock_n_82962.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213064300/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/01/23/fox-host-john-gibson-mock_n_82962.html|archive-date=December 13, 2009}}</ref> Conservative radio host [[Rush Limbaugh]] referred to the film as "[[Barebacking|Bareback]] Mountain" and "Humpback Mountain".<ref>{{cite web|last=Limbaugh|first=Rush|year=2006|title=Feminization Has Taken Democratic Party Backward|url=http://www.rushlimbaugh.com/home/eibessential/partisan_dems/feminization_has_taken_democratic_party_backward.guest.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061024021948/http://www.rushlimbaugh.com/home/eibessential/partisan_dems/feminization_has_taken_democratic_party_backward.guest.html|archive-date=October 24, 2006|access-date=July 11, 2006}}</ref> [[Don Imus]] referred to the film as "Fudgepack Mountain".<ref>{{cite news|last=Imus|first=Don|year=2007|title=Imus Backtracks from Slur—Kind of|newspaper=Windy City Times |url=http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/gay/lesbian/news/ARTICLE.php?AID=14560|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928135411/http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/gay/lesbian/news/ARTICLE.php?AID=14560|archive-date=September 28, 2007|access-date=April 11, 2007}}</ref> Several conservative [[Christian right|Christian]] groups, such as [[Concerned Women for America]] (CWA) and [[Focus on the Family]], criticized the film for its subject matter. Following the success of ''Brokeback Mountain'', ''[[Capote (film)|Capote]]'', and ''[[Transamerica (film)|Transamerica]]'' at the [[63rd Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes Awards]] in 2006, Janice Crouse, a CWA member, cited these films as examples of how "the media elites are proving that their pet projects are more important than profit", and suggested they were not popular enough to warrant critical acclaim.<ref>{{cite web|title=CWA's Crouse says, "Golden Globes Goes Political"|url=http://www.cwfa.org/articles/9916/MEDIA/misc|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927185212/http://www.cwfa.org/articles/9916/MEDIA/misc/|archive-date=September 27, 2007|access-date=July 24, 2007|publisher=[[Concerned Women for America]]}}</ref>
Film critic [[Gene Shalit]], of ''[[The Today Show]]'', described the character of Jack Twist as a "[[sexual predator]]" who "tracks Ennis down and coaxes him into sporadic trysts."<ref name="Advocate">{{cite web|date=January 7, 2006|title=Gene Shalit Trashes "Brokeback Mountain" with Antigay Review|url=http://www.advocate.com/news/2006/01/07/gene-shalit-trashes-brokeback-mountain-antigay-review|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722142529/http://www.advocate.com/news/2006/01/07/gene-shalit-trashes-brokeback-mountain-antigay-review|archive-date=July 22, 2015|access-date=January 26, 2015|work=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]}}</ref> The [[LGBTQ]] media group [[GLAAD]] said that Shalit's characterization of Twist was like calling Jack in ''Titanic'' a sexual predator due to his romantic pursuit of Rose.<ref name="Advocate" /><ref name="E!">{{cite web|last=Grossberg|first=Josh|date=January 12, 2006|title=Shalit Sorry for "Brokeback" Bash|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/51444/shalit-sorry-for-brokeback-bash|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529050007/http://www.eonline.com/news/51444/shalit-sorry-for-brokeback-bash|archive-date=May 29, 2015|access-date=January 26, 2015|work=[[E!]]}}</ref> Shalit's openly gay son, Peter Shalit, wrote an open letter to GLAAD: "He [Gene] may have had an unpopular opinion of a movie that is important to the gay community, but he [[defamed]] no one, and he is not a [[homophobe]]."<ref>{{cite web|title=Peter Shalit writes to GLAAD about his dad|url=http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid24216.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060111104957/http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid24216.asp|archive-date=January 11, 2006|access-date=February 23, 2017}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Gene Shalit later apologized for his review: "I did not intend to use a word that many in the gay community consider incendiary... I certainly had no intention of casting aspersions on anyone in the gay community or on the community itself. I regret any emotional hurt that may have resulted from my review of ''Brokeback Mountain''."<ref name="E!" />
Some commentators accused the filmmakers for hiding content about the film in advertising and in public events, such as press conferences and award ceremonies. ''[[New York Daily News]]'' writer Wayman Wong, Dave Cullen and [[Daniel Mendelsohn]] argued that the director, cast, and [[publicist]]s avoided using the word ''gay'' to describe the story, and noted that the film's [[Trailer (promotion)|trailer]] did not show a kiss between the two men but showed a heterosexual love scene.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cullen|first=Dave|date=January 17, 2006|title=When does that hidden kiss become the shameful kiss?|url=http://www.davecullen.com/forum/index.php?topic=1542.0|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225070534/http://www.davecullen.com/forum/index.php?topic=1542.0|archive-date=February 25, 2016|access-date=February 7, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Mendelsohn|first=Daniel|date=February 23, 2006|title=An Affair to Remember|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/18712|url-status=dead|journal=[[The New York Review of Books]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517000239/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/18712|archive-date=May 17, 2008|access-date=July 24, 2007}}</ref> The film's significance has been attributed to its portrayal of a same-sex relationship focused solely on the characters, as the film does not refer in any manner to the broader history of various [[LGBT social movements]].<ref>{{cite news |first=David |last=Ehrenstein |title='Brokeback's' tasteful appeal |access-date=May 27, 2006 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-feb-01-oe-ehrenstein01-story.html |date=February 1, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20060528203516/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/feb/01/opinion/oe-ehrenstein01 |archive-date=May 28, 2006 }}</ref> It emphasizes the tragic love story aspect, and many critics have compared Ennis and Jack's drama to classic and modern romances such as ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' or ''Titanic'', often using the term star-crossed lovers.<ref>{{cite web |first=Erik |last=Lundegaard |title=Love makes 'Brokeback' Oscar favorite |date=January 30, 2006 |access-date=May 27, 2006 |publisher=[[Today.com]] |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/love-makes-brokeback-oscar-favorite-wbna11102003 |archive-date=September 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912035637/https://www.today.com/popculture/love-makes-brokeback-oscar-favorite-wbna11102003 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Dan |last=Harris |title=Christian conservatives serve up 'Brokeback' backlash |access-date=May 27, 2006 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=1566879 |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823132925/https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=1566879 |archive-date=August 23, 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Koresky |title=Don't fence me in: Ang Lee's 'Brokeback Mountain' | work = [[IndieWire]] |access-date=May 27, 2006 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/movies/2005/12/dont_fence_me_i.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060423134439/http://www.indiewire.com/movies/2005/12/dont_fence_me_i.html |archive-date=April 23, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Proulx praised the film as "huge and powerful", adding, "I may be the first writer in America to have a piece of writing make its way to the screen whole and entire. [...] I was astonished that the characters of Jack and Ennis came surging into my mind again".<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Brokeback Mountain|url=http://www.annieproulx.com/brokebackfaq.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202072711/http://www.annieproulx.com/brokebackfaq.html|archive-date=February 2, 2007|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=Annie Proulx}}</ref>
'''Critics' lists of 2005'''
''Brokeback Mountain'' appeared on numerous American critics' lists as one of their favorite films of 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/film/awards/2005/toptens.shtml|title=Metacritic: 2005 Film Critic Top Ten Lists|website=[[Metacritic]]|date=December 14, 2007|access-date=April 30, 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214015737/http://www.metacritic.com/film/awards/2005/toptens.shtml|archive-date=December 14, 2007}}</ref>
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* 1st – [[Stephen Holden]], ''[[The New York Times]]''
* 1st – [[Joe Morgenstern]], ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''
* 1st – Rene Rodriguez, ''[[Miami Herald]]''
* 1st – Ruthie Stein, ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''
* 1st – Scott Tobias, ''[[The A.V. Club]]''
* 2nd – [[Peter Travers]], ''[[Rolling Stone]]''
* 2nd – [[Lisa Schwarzbaum]], ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''
* 2nd – Noel Murray, ''[[The A.V. Club]]''
* 2nd – Desson Thompson, ''[[The Washington Post]]''
* 2nd – Kevin Thomas, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''
* 2nd – Mike Clark and Claudia Puig, ''[[USA Today]]''
* 3rd – [[Owen Gleiberman]], ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''
* 3rd – [[Kenneth Turan]], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''
* 3rd – [[Shawn Levy (writer)|Shawn Levy]], ''[[Portland Oregonian]]''
* 3rd – William Arnold, ''[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]''
* 4th – [[David Ansen]], ''[[Newsweek]]''
* 4th – Keith Phipps, ''[[The A.V. Club]]''
* 4th – [[Michael Atkinson (writer)|Michael Atkinson]], ''[[Village Voice]]''
* 5th – [[Roger Ebert]], ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]''
* 5th – [[Mike Russell (author)|Mike Russell]], ''[[Portland Oregonian]]''
* 5th – Michael Wilmington, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''
* 6th – Alison Benedikt, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''
* 6th – [[Ella Taylor]], ''[[L.A. Weekly]]''
* 7th – [[Nathan Rabin]], ''[[The A.V. Club]]''
* 7th – [[Mick LaSalle]], ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''
* 7th – [[Richard Roeper]], ''[[Ebert & Roeper]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.innermind.com/misc/e_r_top.htm|title=Ebert and Roeper Top Ten Lists (2000-2005))|website=www.innermind.com|access-date=April 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525184730/http://www.innermind.com/misc/e_r_top.htm|archive-date=May 25, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 8th – [[Mick LaSalle]], ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''
* Top 9 (listed alphabetically) - ''[[New York Film Critics Online]]''
* 10th – [[Michael Phillips (critic)|Michael Phillips]], ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''
* Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – [[Manohla Dargis]], ''[[The New York Times]]''
* Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – [[Steven Rea]], ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]''
* Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – Peter Rainer, ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]''
* Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – Carina Chocano, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''
{{div col end}}
The film was picked as one of the 400 nominated films for the [[American Film Institute]] list [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) Ballot|website=afi.com|access-date=April 30, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328082204/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|archive-date=March 28, 2014}}</ref> ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' put it on its end-of-the-decade, best-of list.<ref name="EW">Geier, Thom; Jensen, Jeff; Jordan, Tina; Lyons, Margaret; Markovitz, Adam; Nashawaty, Chris; Pastorek, Whitney; Rice, Lynette; Rottenberg, Josh; Schwartz, Missy; Slezak, Michael; Snierson, Dan; Stack, Tim; Stroup, Kate; Tucker, Ken; Vary, Adam B.; Vozick-Levinson, Simon; Ward, Kate (December 11, 2009). "The 100 Greatest Movies, TV Shows, Albums, Books, Characters, Scenes, Episodes, Songs, Dresses, Music Videos, and Trends that Entertained Us Over the Past 10 Years". Entertainment Weekly. (1079/1080): 74–84.</ref> In a 2016 international poll conducted by [[BBC]], ''Brokeback Mountain'' was ranked the 40th greatest film since 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20160819-the-21st-centurys-100-greatest-films |title=The 21st century's 100 greatest films |publisher=BBC |date=August 23, 2016 |access-date=January 12, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131124228/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20160819-the-21st-centurys-100-greatest-films |archive-date=January 31, 2017 }}</ref> In 2019, ''The Guardian'' ranked the film 66th in its 100 best films of the 21st century list.<ref>{{cite web |title=The 100 best films of the 21st century |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/sep/13/100-best-films-movies-of-the-21st-century |website=[[The Guardian]] |date=September 13, 2019 |access-date=September 17, 2019 |archive-date=June 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622105737/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/sep/13/100-best-films-movies-of-the-21st-century |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2025, the film ranked number 17 on ''[[The New York Times]]''{{'}} list of "The 100 Best Movies of the 21st Century" and number 30 on the "Readers' Choice" edition of the list.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/movies/best-movies-21st-century.html | title=The 100 Best Movies of the 21st Century | website=[[The New York Times]] | date=June 26, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Readers Choose Their Top Movies of the 21st Century |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/movies/readers-movies-21st-century.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref>
=== Legal issues ===
On January 6, 2006, [[Utah Jazz]] owner [[Larry H. Miller]] removed the film from theaters at the Jordan Commons entertainment complex in [[Sandy, Utah]]. Miller said the film's content had no resemblance of a traditional family, which he believed is "dangerous".<ref>{{cite web|last=Gray|first=Brandon|date=January 9, 2006|title=Utah Theater Snub Can't Bridle 'Brokeback Mountain'|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1979|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930220410/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1979|archive-date=September 30, 2007|access-date=July 24, 2007|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref><ref name="kutv">{{cite web|date=January 10, 2006|title=Utah Theater Balks at 'Brokeback Mountain'|url=http://kutv.com/topstories/local_story_007175321.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926211849/http://kutv.com/topstories/local_story_007175321.html|archive-date=September 26, 2007|access-date=July 24, 2007|work=[[KUTV]]}}</ref> Focus Features threatened legal action and announced it would no longer do business with him.<ref name="kutv" />
On March 23, 2006, [[Randy Quaid]], who portrayed Joe Aguirre in the film, filed a lawsuit against Focus Features for misrepresenting ''Brokeback Mountain'' as "a low-budget, [[art house film]] with no prospect of making any money", in order to secure his role for a cheaper rate.<ref>{{cite news|year=2006|title=Brokeback actor 'suing for $10m'|agency=[[BBC]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4840068.stm|url-status=live|access-date=September 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127051835/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4840068.stm|archive-date=November 27, 2019}}</ref> On May 4, Quaid's publicist said he dropped the lawsuit as the company agreed to pay him a settlement; the company denies this, however.<ref>{{cite news|year=2006|title=Randy Quaid drops 'Brokeback' lawsuit|publisher=[[Today.com]]|agency=Associated Press|url=http://www.today.com/id/12633305|url-status=live|access-date=May 5, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009132741/http://www.today.com/id/12633305|archive-date=October 9, 2014}}</ref>
==Accolades==
{{Main|List of accolades received by Brokeback Mountain|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Brokeback Mountain''}}
''Brokeback Mountain'' garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories, including for its directing, screenplay, acting, original score, and cinematography. At the [[78th Academy Awards]], ''Brokeback Mountain'' was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]] and won three awards for [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay|Best Adapted Screenplay]], and [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Original Score]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The 78th Academy Awards {{!}} 2006|url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2006|access-date=September 30, 2020|publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]|archive-date=November 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102070203/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2006|url-status=live}}</ref> The film garnered seven nominations at the 63rd Golden Globe Awards, winning four for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama|Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Song]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Winners & Nominees 2005|newspaper=Golden Globes |url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/2005|access-date=September 30, 2020|publisher=[[Hollywood Foreign Press Association]]|archive-date=January 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119120436/https://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/2005|url-status=live}}</ref> At the [[59th British Academy Film Awards]], ''Brokeback Mountain'' was nominated for nine awards, winning in the categories of [[BAFTA Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[BAFTA Award for Best Direction|Best Direction]], [[BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay|Best Adapted Screenplay]] and [[BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] for Jake Gyllenhaal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Film in 2006 {{!}} BAFTA Awards|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2006/film|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=awards.bafta.org|archive-date=September 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906104051/http://awards.bafta.org/award/2006/film|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Best Picture controversy ===
After ''Brokeback Mountain'' lost the Academy Award for Best Picture to ''[[Crash (2004 film)|Crash]],'' some critics accused the Academy of homophobia and for making a non-groundbreaking choice''.''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bleiler|first=David|date=March 10, 2006|title=Did Homophobia Steal 'Brokeback' Oscar?|url=http://articles.philly.com/2006-03-10/news/25415538_1_british-film-awards-10-best-lists-directors-guild|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003220456/http://articles.philly.com/2006-03-10/news/25415538_1_british-film-awards-10-best-lists-directors-guild|archive-date=October 3, 2015|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=Philly}}</ref> Commentators including [[Kenneth Turan]] and [[Nikki Finke]] derided the Academy's decision,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Turan|first=Kenneth|date=March 5, 2006|title=Breaking no ground|url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/awards/oscars/env-turan5mar05,0,5359042.story|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060326203621/http://theenvelope.latimes.com/awards/oscars/env-turan5mar05%2C0%2C5359042.story|archive-date=March 26, 2006|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Finke|first=Nikki|date=March 6, 2006|title=What Did I Tell You?|url=https://deadline.com/2006/03/what-did-i-tell-you-29/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121074117/https://deadline.com/2006/03/what-did-i-tell-you-29/|archive-date=November 21, 2019|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> but Roger Ebert defended the decision to award ''Crash'' Best Picture, arguing that the better film won.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=2012-12-14 |title=The fury of the 'Crash'-lash |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/festivals/the-fury-of-the-crash-lash |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=[[rogerebert.com]] |language=en-US |quote="I chose 'Crash' as the best film of the year not because it promoted one agenda and not another, but because it was a better film." |archive-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127212413/https://www.rogerebert.com/festivals/the-fury-of-the-crash-lash |url-status=live }}</ref> Proulx wrote an essay expressing disappointment in the film not winning Best Picture. She also opined that [[Philip Seymour Hoffman]]'s performance in ''Capote'' required less effort than that required of the actors in ''Brokeback Mountain.''<ref>{{Cite news|last=Proulx|first=Annie|date=March 11, 2006|title=Annie Proulx: Blood on the red carpet|newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/mar/11/awardsandprizes.oscars2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221153813/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/mar/11/awardsandprizes.oscars2006|archive-date=December 21, 2016|access-date=December 20, 2016|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> Following the loss, more than 800 supporters raised up to $26,000 to place an advertisement in the ''[[Daily Variety]]''.<ref>{{cite web|date=March 20, 2006|title=Oscars: 'Brokeback' Heartbreak|url=http://europe.newsweek.com/oscars-brokeback-heartbreak-106065|access-date=February 20, 2016|website=Newsweek}}</ref> The advert thanked the filmmakers "for transforming countless lives through the most honored film of the year."<ref>{{cite news|last=Elliott|first=Stuart|date=March 13, 2006|title=Upset 'Brokeback' fans advertise their feelings|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/13/business/media/13brokeback.html|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425180700/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/13/business/media/13brokeback.html|archive-date=April 25, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=March 9, 2006|title='Brokeback' fans raise $18K for Variety ad {{!}} Advocate.com|url=http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/entertainment-news/2006/03/10/brokeback-fans-raise-18k-variety-ad|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510133905/http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/entertainment-news/2006/03/10/brokeback-fans-raise-18k-variety-ad|archive-date=May 10, 2017|access-date=February 20, 2016|website=www.advocate.com}}</ref>
The film is one of several highly acclaimed [[List of LGBT-related films|LGBT-related films]] of 2005 to be nominated for critical awards; others include ''[[Breakfast on Pluto (film)|Breakfast on Pluto]]'', ''Capote'', ''[[Rent (film)|Rent]]'', and ''Transamerica''. It was voted the top film involving homosexual relationships by readers at [[TheBacklot.com]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebacklot.com/top-100-greatest-gay-movies-2/01/2015/13/|title=The Backlot - Corner of Hollywood and Gay - NewNowNext|website=LOGO News|access-date=April 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909090939/http://www.thebacklot.com/top-100-greatest-gay-movies-2/01/2015/13/|archive-date=September 9, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2010, the ''[[Independent Film & Television Alliance]]'' selected the film as one of the 30 Most Significant Independent Films of the last 30 years.<ref>{{cite web | title = IFTA Picks 30 Most Significant Indie Films | url = https://www.thewrap.com/ifta-picks-30-most-significant-indie-films-20686/ | work = The Wrap | access-date = January 23, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170206053204/http://www.thewrap.com/ifta-picks-30-most-significant-indie-films-20686/ | archive-date = February 6, 2017 | url-status = live | date = September 8, 2010 }}</ref>
In 2015, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' polled Academy members on controversial past decisions, in which ''Brokeback Mountain'' won the revote for Best Picture.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Recount! Oscar Voters Today Would Make 'Brokeback Mountain' Best Picture Over 'Crash'|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/recount-oscar-voters-today-would-773522|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122094645/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/recount-oscar-voters-today-would-773522|archive-date=January 22, 2019|access-date=January 22, 2019|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 18, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="Revote">{{Cite news|last=Beaumont-Thomas|first=Ben|date=February 19, 2015|title=Crash burned: Academy members reassess past Oscar decisions|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/feb/19/academy-members-reassess-past-oscar-decisions-crash-brokeback-mountain|url-status=live|access-date=February 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228012101/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/feb/19/academy-members-reassess-past-oscar-decisions-crash-brokeback-mountain|archive-date=February 28, 2016|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
==Characters' sexuality==
Critics and the cast and crew disagreed as to whether the film's two protagonists were [[homosexual]], [[bisexual]], [[heterosexual]], or should be free of any sexual orientation classification. The film was frequently referred to in the media as the "[[gay cowboy]] movie", but a number of reviewers noted that both Jack and Ennis were bisexual.<ref>{{cite web|last=Blank|first=Ed|date=January 25, 2007|title=Ed Blank's DVD reviews|url=http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/ae/movies/s_490119.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302092554/http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/ae/movies/s_490119.html|archive-date=March 2, 2016|access-date=February 19, 2016|website=TribLIVE.com|type=Brokeback Mountain}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Williams|first=Ken|date=May 31, 2006|title=Brokeback Mountain|url=http://www.thedailypage.com/movies/article.php?article=3514|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012205157/http://www.thedailypage.com/movies/article.php?article=3514|archive-date=October 12, 2007|access-date=July 24, 2007|work=The Daily Page}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Cheshire|first=Godfrey|date=January 4, 2006|title=Somewhere over the rainbow|url=http://www.indyweek.com/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A27050|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110164519/http://www.indyweek.com/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A27050|archive-date=January 10, 2016|access-date=July 24, 2007|work=[[The Independent Weekly]]}}</ref> Sex researcher [[Fritz Klein (sex researcher)|Fritz Klein]] said that the film was "a nice film with two main characters who were bisexual" and suggested that the character of Jack is more "toward the gay side" of the spectrum and Ennis is "a bit more toward the straight side".<ref name="SouthernVoice">{{cite web|last=Lee|first=Ryan|date=January 13, 2006|title=Probing the 'Brokeback Syndrome'|url=http://www.ennisjack.com/forum/index.php?topic=477.0|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118045955/http://southernvoice.com/2006/1-13/arts/feature/feature.cfm|archive-date=January 18, 2006|access-date=February 28, 2022|work=[[Southern Voice (newspaper)|Southern Voice]]|type=Forum that has captured now dead linked article}}</ref>
Gyllenhaal said in 2006 that Ennis and Jack were straight men who "develop this love, this bond," saying in a ''[[Details (magazine)|Details]]'' interview: "I approached the story believing that these are actually two straight guys who fall in love."<ref name=SouthernVoice/> However, in 2015, he told ''The Hollywood Reporter'' that this was a "gay love story", and that his character was the more "overtly gay" of the two.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Galloway |first1=Stephen |title=Ten Years After Brokeback, Jake Gyllenhaal Remembers Heath Ledger |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/ten-years-brokeback-jake-gyllenhaal-843951/ |website=Hollywood Reporter |date=November 25, 2015 |access-date=February 26, 2022 |archive-date=February 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226191633/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/ten-years-brokeback-jake-gyllenhaal-843951/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ledger told ''Time'' magazine in 2005: "I don't think Ennis could be labeled as gay. Without Jack Twist, I don't know that he ever would have come out. I think the whole point was that it was two souls that fell in love with each other."<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Luscombe|first=Belinda|date=November 20, 2005|title=Heath Turns It Around|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1132822-2,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916170611/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1132822-2,00.html|archive-date=September 16, 2008|access-date=September 30, 2020|magazine=Time}}</ref>
Others said they felt the characters' sexuality was meant to be ambiguous. Clarence Patton and Christopher Murray of New York's ''[[Gay City News]]'' wrote that Ennis and Jack's experiences were metaphors for "many men who do not identify as gay or even queer, but who nevertheless [[men who have sex with men|have sex with other men]]".<ref>{{cite web|last=Patton|first=Clarence|title=Brokeback on the Down Low|url=http://gaycitynews.nyc/gcn_451/brokebackonthedown.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303055625/http://gaycitynews.nyc/gcn_451/brokebackonthedown.html|archive-date=March 3, 2016|access-date=February 19, 2016|website=gaycitynews.nyc}}</ref> ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' wrote that "everyone called it 'The Gay Cowboy Movie' until they saw it. In the end, Ang Lee's 2005 love story wasn't gay or straight, just human."<ref name=EW/> Tom Ciorciari of EFilmCritic.com wrote: "We later see Jack eagerly engage Lureen sexually, with no explanation as to whether he is bisexual, so in need of physical intimacy that anyone, regardless of [[gender]], will do, or merely very adept at faking it."<ref>{{cite web|last=Ciorciari|first=Tom|date=April 2, 2006|title=Brokeback Mountain|url=http://www.efilmcritic.com/review.php?movie=12764&reviewer=384|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816193926/http://efilmcritic.com/review.php?movie=12764&reviewer=384|archive-date=August 16, 2007|access-date=July 24, 2007|website=EFilmCritic}}</ref>
LGBT non-fiction author [[Eric Marcus]] dismissed "talk of Ennis and Jack being anything but gay as box office-influenced political correctness intended to steer straight audiences to the film". Roger Ebert believed that both characters were gay, but doubted it themselves: "Jack is able to accept a little more willingly that he is inescapably gay."<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|author-link=Roger Ebert|date=December 16, 2005|title=Brokeback Mountain review|newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051215/REVIEWS/51019006/1023|url-status=dead|access-date=July 8, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605170423/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051215/REVIEWS/51019006/1023|archive-date=June 5, 2011}}</ref> Producer James Schamus said, "I suppose movies can be [[Rorschach test]]s for all of us, but damn if these characters aren't gay to me."<ref name=SouthernVoice/> ''Brokeback Mountain'' author Annie Proulx said, "how different readers take the story is a reflection of their own personal values, attitudes, hang-ups."<ref>{{cite web|last=Testa|first=Matthew|date=December 7, 2005|title=Exclusive PJH Interview: At close range with Annie Proulx|url=http://www.planetjh.com//music_arts_culture/A_100138.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716191427/http://www.planetjh.com/music_arts_culture/A_100138.aspx|archive-date=July 16, 2007|access-date=July 24, 2007|work=Planet Jackson Hole}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Testa|first=Matthew|date=December 29, 2005|title=Close Range|url=http://www.slweekly.com/article.cfm/closerange|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629191516/http://www.slweekly.com/article.cfm/closerange|archive-date=June 29, 2006|access-date=March 16, 2006|work=[[Salt Lake City Weekly]]}}</ref>
When Ledger and Gyllenhaal were asked if they feared being cast in controversial roles, Ledger stated that he was not afraid of the role, but rather he was concerned that he would not be mature enough as an actor to do the story justice. Gyllenhaal has stated that he is proud of the film and his role, regardless of what the reactions would be. He considered rumors of him being bisexual flattering, stating: "I'm open to whatever people want to call me. I've never really been attracted to men sexually, but I don't think I would be afraid of it if it happened."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Alexis|first=Jonas E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vUW8GFgjgzEC|title=Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism: Surprising Differences, Conflicting Visions, and Worldview Implications--from the Early Church to Our Modern Time|date=December 1, 2011|publisher=WestBow Press|isbn=9781449734862|access-date=February 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312111227/https://books.google.com/books?id=vUW8GFgjgzEC|archive-date=March 12, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Lee described himself as shy upon shooting the first sex scene and initially found it technically difficult but praised Ledger and Gyllenhaal for their professionalism.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Setoodeh|first=Ramin|date=June 28, 2015|title='Brokeback Mountain's' 10th Anniversary: Ang Lee and James Schamus Look Back|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/news/making-brokeback-mountain-ang-lee-james-schamus-gay-romance-film-1201529588/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329144348/https://variety.com/2015/film/news/making-brokeback-mountain-ang-lee-james-schamus-gay-romance-film-1201529588/|archive-date=March 29, 2020|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Ledger's performance was described by [[Luke Davies]] as a difficult and empowering portrayal given the environment of the film: "In ''Brokeback Mountain'' the vulnerability, the potential for danger, is so great – a world so masculine it might destroy you for any aberration – that [Ledger's] real brilliance was to bring to the screen a character, Ennis Del Mar, so fundamentally shut down that he is like a bible of unrequited desires, stifled yearnings, lost potential."<ref>{{cite web|last=Davis|first=Luke|date=March 5, 2008|title=Heath Ledger, 1979–2008|url=http://www.themonthly.com.au/monthly-essays-luke-davies-heath-ledger-1979-2008--821?page=0%2C2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402194022/http://www.themonthly.com.au/monthly-essays-luke-davies-heath-ledger-1979-2008--821?page=0,2|archive-date=April 2, 2012|access-date=August 26, 2009|work=[[The Monthly]]}}</ref>
Author Jim Kitses quoted Diana Ossana's acknowledgment of how the film "subverts the myth of the American West and its iconic heroes."<ref name="Kitses, Jim 2007">{{Cite journal|last1=Kitses|first1=Jim|date=March 2007|title=All that Brokeback Allows|journal=Film Quarterly|volume=60|issue=3|pages=22–27|doi=10.1525/fq.2007.60.3.22|jstor=10.1525/fq.2007.60.3.22}}</ref> He commented: "What drives the emotional attack of the film is the inadequacy of its characters to articulate and understand, let alone control, the experience that strikes them like a storm. American cowboys—of all people—have no business falling in love with each other. Practical and conservative types of a rough and ready manhood are by no means ready for man-love."<ref name="Kitses, Jim 2007" />
==
''Brokeback Mountain'' was lauded as a landmark in [[LGBT cinema]] and credited for influencing several films and television shows featuring LGBT themes and characters.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/how-landmark-lgbt-movie-brokeback-mountain-became-an-opera|title=How Landmark LGBT Movie 'Brokeback Mountain' Became an Opera|last=Teeman|first=Tim|date=May 29, 2018|access-date=November 24, 2019|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|archive-date=July 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727044303/https://www.thedailybeast.com/how-landmark-lgbt-movie-brokeback-mountain-became-an-opera|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2681223/brokeback-mountain-10-years-later/|title=10 Years After 'Brokeback Mountain,' What Has Changed For LGBT Rights?|last=Murphy|first=Shaunna|publisher=[[MTV News]]|access-date=November 24, 2019|archive-date=September 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914043311/http://www.mtv.com/news/2681223/brokeback-mountain-10-years-later/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In ''Out at the Movies'', Steven Paul Davies explains that as a result of the film's success, "most major film studios have been clamouring to get behind new, gay-themed projects... thanks to ''Brokeback'', film financiers will continue to back scripts that don't simply rely on gay stereotypes...and that will certainly be progress." Davies cites ''[[Milk (2008 American film)|Milk]]'', ''[[Transamerica (film)|Transamerica]]'', and ''[[I Love You Phillip Morris]]'' as examples of such films.<ref>{{cite book |last=Davies |first=Steven Paul |date= 2008|title=Out at the Movies |url=https://archive.org/details/outatmovieshisto0000davi|url-access=registration |publisher=Kamera Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/outatmovieshisto0000davi/page/13 13–15]|isbn=978-1-84243-291-4}}</ref> In 2018, ''Brokeback Mountain'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-18-144/library-of-congress-national-film-registry-turns-30/2018-12-12/|title=Library of Congress National Film Registry Turns 30|website=Library of Congress|access-date=December 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214213958/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-18-144/library-of-congress-national-film-registry-turns-30/2018-12-12/|archive-date=December 14, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The February 2020 issue of ''[[New York Magazine]]'' lists ''Brokeback Mountain'' as among "The Best Movies That Lost Best Picture at the Oscars."<ref>{{cite news|title=The Best Movies That Lost Best Picture at the Oscars|url=https://www.vulture.com/article/best-oscar-best-picture-losers.html|magazine=[[New York Magazine]]|access-date=March 30, 2025}}</ref>
The pair of shirts worn by Ledger's and Gyllenhaal's characters were sold on [[eBay]] on February 20, 2006, for US$101,100.51. The shirts were sold to benefit children's charity [[Variety, the Children's Charity|Variety]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/entertainment-news/2006/02/23/brokeback-shirts-sell-more-100k |title=Brokeback shirts sell for more than $100K |date=February 23, 2006 |work=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]] |access-date=February 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510133916/http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/entertainment-news/2006/02/23/brokeback-shirts-sell-more-100k |archive-date=May 10, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> The buyer, [[Tom Gregory (producer)|Tom Gregory]], film historian and collector, described the shirts as "the [[ruby slippers]] of our time", referring to an artifact from ''[[The Wizard of Oz]]'' film.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2006/feb/23/news |title=Brokeback shirts: yours for $100,000 |date=February 23, 2006 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=February 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225171806/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2006/feb/23/news |archive-date=February 25, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2009, Gregory loaned the shirts to the [[Autry National Center]] in Los Angeles for its series, ''Out West,'' which explored the history of homosexual, bisexual and transgender people in the [[Old West]]. The series included a gallery tour, panel discussions, lectures and performances, with events held in four installments over the course of 12 months. According to the Autry, the series was the "first of its kind" for a western heritage museum.<ref name="lat">{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-dec-15-la-et-out-west15-2009dec15-story.html |title='Out West' at the Autry examines the history of homosexuals and transgender people in the Old West |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=March 17, 2011 |first=David |last=Ng |date=December 15, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110319143552/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/dec/15/entertainment/la-et-out-west15-2009dec15 |archive-date=March 19, 2011 }}</ref>
A book, ''Beyond Brokeback: The Impact of a Film'' (2007) is a collection of personal stories of how people were influenced by the story and film, compiled from members of the Ultimate Brokeback Forum website. In an associated ''Out West'' series program, the Autry screened ''Brokeback Mountain'' in December 2010 to commemorate the film's fifth anniversary and held a staged reading of ''Beyond Brokeback'' by historian and ''Out West'' organizer Gregory Hinton. ''Beyond Brokeback'' has been presented as a staged reading at other venues, such as [[Roosevelt University]] in [[Chicago]], on November 13, 2011, together with a panel discussion and screening of the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wyoarts.state.wy.us/bozeman-public-library-presents-gregory-hintons-beyond-brokeback-a-staged-reading-with-music-oct-1/ |title=Bozeman Public Library presents Gregory Hinton's "Beyond Brokeback: A Staged Reading with Music" Oct. 1 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=September 28, 2011 |website=Wyoming Arts Council |access-date=February 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311002132/http://wyoarts.state.wy.us/bozeman-public-library-presents-gregory-hintons-beyond-brokeback-a-staged-reading-with-music-oct-1/ |archive-date=March 11, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> An American opera, ''[[Brokeback Mountain (opera)|Brokeback Mountain]],'' was composed by [[Charles Wuorinen]] with a [[libretto]] by Annie Proulx. Written in English, it premiered at the [[Teatro Real]] in [[Madrid]] on January 28, 2014. It was championed by impresario [[Gerard Mortier]], who had commissioned it.<ref>Andrew Clements, [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/jan/29/brokeback-mountain-opera-teatro-real-madrid-review "''Brokeback Mountain''—Review"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618232349/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/jan/29/brokeback-mountain-opera-teatro-real-madrid-review |date=June 18, 2018 }}, ''The Guardian'' (London), January 29, 2014</ref><ref>[[Anthony Tommasini]], [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/30/arts/music/lyrical-cowboys-in-love-on-stage.html "Operatic Cowboys in Love, Onstage"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526114506/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/30/arts/music/lyrical-cowboys-in-love-on-stage.html |date=May 26, 2017 }} (Review), ''The New York Times'', January 29, 2014</ref> [[Brokeback Mountain (play)|A play]], based on Annie Proulx's short story, written by Ashley Robinson with songs by Dan Gillespie Sells, opened on May 10, 2023, at [[@sohoplace]] in London's [[West End theatre|West End]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bestoftheatre.co.uk/blog/post/brokeback-mountain-full-cast |title=Full cast and creative team announced for world premiere stage adaptation of Annie Proulx's BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=March 30, 2023 |website=Best of Theatre |access-date=April 8, 2023 |archive-date=April 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408123211/https://www.bestoftheatre.co.uk/blog/post/brokeback-mountain-full-cast |url-status=live }}</ref>
Several years after the film's release, Proulx said she regrets writing the story. She said that people have sent her too much [[fan fiction]] presenting alternative plots.{{r|reynolds20081018}} Some authors, mostly men claiming to "understand men better than I do", often send their works.<ref name="reynolds20081018">{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-oct-18-et-proulx18-story.html |title=Writer's no longer at home on range |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=October 18, 2008 |access-date=January 21, 2012 |author=Reynolds, Susan Salter |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120122130932/http://articles.latimes.com/print/2008/oct/18/entertainment/et-proulx18 |archive-date=January 22, 2012|quote="I wish I'd never written it," Proulx says[...]}}</ref>{{r|hughes20080906}} She said:
{{blockquote|[The film] is the source of constant irritation in my private life. There are countless people out there who think the story is open range to explore their fantasies and to correct what they see as an unbearably disappointing story [...] They constantly send ghastly manuscripts and [[porn]]ish rewrites of the story to me, expecting me to reply with praise and applause for "fixing" the story. They certainly don't get the message that if you can't fix it you've got to stand it. Most of these "fix-it" tales have the character Ennis finding a husky boyfriend and living happily ever after, or discovering the character Jack is not really dead after all, or having the two men's children meet and marry, etc., etc.<ref name="hughes20080906">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122065020058105139 |title=Return to the Range |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=September 6, 2008 |access-date=January 21, 2012 |author=Hughes, Robert J. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403065104/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122065020058105139 |archive-date=April 3, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>|author=|title=|source=}}
==See also==
{{Portal|Film|United States|LGBTQ}}
* [[List of LGBT-related films by storyline]]
* [[List of films considered the best]]
* [[List of LGBT Academy Award winners and nominees]]
* [[Mixed-orientation marriage]], sometimes referred to as a "brokeback" marriage
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
* Proulx, Annie (1997, 1999, 2006). ''[[Close Range: Wyoming Stories]]''.
* Proulx, Annie; McMurtry, Larry; Ossana, Diana (2005, 2006). ''Brokeback Mountain: Story to Screenplay''. London, New York, Toronto and Sydney: Harper Perennial. {{ISBN|978-0-00-723430-1}}.
* Packard, Chris (2006) ''Queer Cowboys: And Other Erotic Male Friendships in Nineteenth-Century American Literature''. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. {{ISBN|1-4039-7597-3}}.
* Cante, Richard C. (March 2008). "Introduction"; "Chapter 3". ''Gay Men and the Forms of Contemporary US Culture''. London: Ashgate Publishing. {{ISBN|0-7546-7230-1}}.
* Rich, B. Ruby (2013). "Ang Lee's Lonesome Cowboys". ''New Queer Cinema: The Director's Cut''. London: Duke University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8223-5428-4}}.
==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0388795}}
* {{TCMDb title|547022}}
* {{AFI film|54466}}
{{Brokeback Mountain}}
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