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A '''common data model''' ('''CDM''') can refer to any standardised [[data model]] which allows for [[data]] and [[information exchange]] between different [[Application software|applications]] and [[Database|data sources]]. Common data models aim to standardise logical infrastructure so that related applications can "operate on and share the same data",<ref>[https://www.synopsys.com/glossary/what-is-common-data-model.html What is a Common Data Model? – How Does it Work? | Synopsys]</ref> and can be seen as a way to "organize data from many sources that are in different formats into a standard structure".<ref>[https://www.jamesserra.com/archive/2019/06/common-data-model/ Common Data Model | James Serra's Blog]</ref>
A common data model has been described as one of the components of a "[[Technical data management system#Comparison between strong information systems and weak information systems|strong information system]]".<ref>[http://www.marcolazzari.it/publications/weak-information-systems-for-technical-data-management-preprint.pdf Salvaneschi, Paolo; Lazzari, Marco (1997). Weak information systems for technical data management (PDF). Worldwide ECCE Symposium on computers in the practice of building and civil engineering. Lahti, Finland. pp. 310–314. Retrieved 2015-11-29]</ref> A standardised common data model has also been described as a typical component of a well designed [[agile application]] besides a common communication protocol.<ref>{{
== Examples of common data models ==
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=== General information technology ===
Within [[service-oriented architecture]],
[[Content Management Interoperability Services]] (CMIS) is an open standard for inter-operation of different [[content management system]]s over the internet, and provides a common data model for typed files and folders used with [[version control]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vstath |first=Bill |title=Content Management Interoperability Services (CMIS) Version 1 |url=https://www.academia.edu/9403826}}</ref>
The NetCDF software libraries for array-oriented scientific data implements a common data model called the [[NetCDF#NetCDF-Java common data model|NetCDF Java common data model]], which consists of three layers built on top of each other to add successively richer semantics.
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=== Health ===
{{main|Electronic health record#Common data model (in health data context)}}
Within [[genomic and medical data]], the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) research program established under the U.S. [[National Institutes of Health]] has created a common data model for claims and electronic health records which can accommodate data from different sources around the world. PCORnet, which was developed by the [[Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute]], is another common data model for health data including electronic health records and patient claims. The Sentinel Common Data Model was initially started as Mini-Sentinel in 2008. It is used by the Sentinel Initiative of the USA's Food and Drug Administration. The
=== Logistics ===
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=== Microsoft Common Data Model ===
The Microsoft Common Data Model is a collection of many standardised extensible data schemas with entities, attributes, semantic metadata, and relationships, which represent commonly used concepts and activities in various businesses areas
=== Rail transport ===
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