Cloud computing architecture: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Overviewnone}} about<!-- "none" is preferred when the cloudtitle computingis architecture}}sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->

'''Cloud computing architecture''' refers to the components and subcomponents required for [[cloud computing]]. These components typically consist of a front end platform (fat client, thin client, mobile), back end platforms (servers, storage), a cloud based delivery, and a network (Internet, Intranet, Intercloud). Combined, these components make up cloud computing architecture.

[[File:CloudComputingSampleArchitecture.svg|alt=|border|right|frameless|440x440px|Cloud Computing Sample Architecture]]

==Client platforms==

{{See also|Category:Cloud clients}}

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===Zero client===

The zero or ultra-thin client initializes the network to gather required configuration files that then tell it where its OS binaries are stored.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brianmadden.com/blogs/brianmadden/archive/2010/05/19/wyse-unveils-a-new-extensible-zero-client-platform-how-quot-zero-quot-is-this-and-how-will-it-help-citrix-here-s-our-full-analysis.aspx|last=Madden, B. (May 19, 2012) |title = Wyse hopes to shake up the thin client industry with a new zero client platform. Will it work?|date=2010-05-19 |accessdate=2012-05-27}}</ref> The entire zero client device runs via the network. This creates a single point of failure, in that, if the network goes down, the device is rendered useless.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.assurx.com/pdf/ZeroClient.pdf |last=Segal, I. |title="When Is Zero Client Not Zero Client?", SysGen, Inc |access-date=2012-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030403135932/http://assurx.com/pdf/ZeroClient.pdf |archive-date=2003-04-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

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{{Main|Cloud storage}}

An online network storage where data is stored and accessible to multiple clients. Cloud storage is generally deployed in the following configurations: [[Cloud computing#Public cloud|public cloud]], [[Cloud computing#Private cloud|private cloud]], [[Cloud computing#Community cloud|community cloud]], or some combination of the three also known as [[Cloud computing#Hybrid cloud|hybrid cloud]].<ref name="bare_url">{{cite web|title = The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing. NIST Special Publication 800-145 (September 2011). National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce |author1=Mell, P. |author2=Grance, T. |url=http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-145/SP800-145.pdf |date=September 2011 |doi=10.6028/NIST.SP.800-145 |accessdate=2012-05-20}}</ref>

In order to be effective, the cloud storage needs to be agile, flexible, scalable, [[multi-tenancy]], and secure.<ref>{{cite web|title = Virtualized Enterprise Storage for Flexible, Scalable Private Clouds. Reprinted from Dell Power Solutions, 2012 Issue 1 |author1=Sherbak, T. |author2=Sweere, N. |author3=Belapurkar, V. |name-list-style=amp |url=http://i.dell.com/sites/content/business/solutions/power/en/Documents/ps1q12-20120209-sherbak.pdf |accessdate=2012-05-27}}</ref>

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The [[software-as-a-service]] (SaaS) service-model involves the cloud provider installing and maintaining software in the cloud and users running the software from cloud over the Internet (or Intranet). The users' client machines require no installation of any application-specific software since cloud applications run in the cloud. SaaS is scalable, and system administrators may load the applications on several servers. In the past, each customer would purchase and load their own copy of the application to each of their own servers, but with the SaaS the customer can access the application without installing the software locally. SaaS typically involves a monthly or annual fee.<ref name="Chou">

{{cite book|title = Introduction to Cloud Computing: Business & Technology|first = Timothy|last = Chou|url = https://www.scribd.com/doc/64699897/Introduction-to-Cloud-Computing-Business-and-Technology}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Daisy |first1=witson |title=what is cloud computing |date=25 September 2023 |url=https://www.janbasktraining.com/blog/what-is-cloud-computing/ |publisher=JanBask}}</ref>

Software as a service provides the equivalent of installed applications in the traditional (non-cloud computing) delivery of applications.<ref name="enterpriseirregulars">

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# flex tenancy

Of these, flex tenancy is considered the most user adaptive SaaS paradigm in designated multi-input four way manifold models.<ref name="Andrikopoulos">{{cite journalbook|last1=Andrikopoulos|first1=Vasilios|s2cid=15216208|titlechapter=Towards Modeling and Execution of Collective Adaptive Systems|journaltitle=ICSOC 2013: Service-Oriented Computing – ICSOC 2013 Workshops|series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science|date=2013|volume=8377|pages=69–81|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-06859-6_7|isbn=978-3-319-06858-9}}</ref> Such systems are based on simplified encryption methods that target listed data sequences over multiple passes.<ref name="Li">{{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Lin|title=Multi-tenant Data Authentication Model for SaaS|journal=The Open Cybernetics and Systematics Journal|date=2014|volume=8|issue=8|pages=322–329|doi=10.2174/1874110X01408010322|url=http://benthamopen.com/contents/pdf/TOCSJ/TOCSJ-8-322.pdf|doi-access=free}}</ref> The simplicity of this concept makes flex tenancy SaaS popular among those without informatics processing experience, such as basic maintenance and custodial staff in franchise businesses.

===Development as a service (DaaS)===

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===Data as a service (DaaS)===

[[Data as a service]] is web based design construct where cloud data is accessed through a defined API layer. DaaS services are often considered as a specialized subset of a Software as a Service (SaaS) offering.<ref>O. Terzo, P. Ruiu, E. Bucci and F. Xhafa, "Data as a Service (DaaS) for Sharing and Processing of Large Data Collections in the Cloud," ''2013 Seventh International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems'', Taichung, 2013   </ref>

===Platform as a service (PaaS)===

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{{main|Data center network architectures}}

Generally, the cloud network layer should offer:

* High bandwidth and [[network latency|low latency]]

:Allowing users to have uninterrupted access to their data and applications.<ref name=architecture>M. Noormohammadpour, C. S. Raghavendra, [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321744877_Datacenter_Traffic_Control_Understanding_Techniques_and_Trade-offs "Datacenter Traffic Control: Understanding Techniques and Trade-offs,"] IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. PP, no. 99, pp. 1-1.</ref>

* Agile network

:On-demand access to resources requires the ability to move quickly and efficiently between servers and possibly even clouds.

* Network security

:Security is always important, but when you are dealing with multi-tenancy, it becomes much more important because you're dealing with segregating multiple customers.<ref>{{citeCite webconference| url = https://www.youtubediva-portal.comorg/watch?v=Db95UmMZWzcsmash/get/diva2:1041286/FULLTEXT01.pdf|last doi =Greaves, J10.1109/Trustcom.2015.502| (ofvolume Carpathia= Hosting)1| andpages Potti,= S.1180–1185| (oflast1 Citrix).= UploadedPaladi| byfirst1 CarpathiaHosting= onNicolae| Feblast2 22,= 2010Gehrmann| first2 = Christian| title = Flex-Tenancy:Towards Secure Multi-Tenancytenant NetworkVirtualized EnvironmentsNetworks|website book-title =[[YouTube]] 2015 IEEE Trustcom/BigDataSE/ISPA|accessdate date =2012-05-27 2015}}</ref>

==See also==

*[[Cloud collaboration]]

*[[Cloud computing]]

*[[Cloud -computing comparison]]

*[[Cloud database]]

*[[Cloud storage]]

==Further reading==

* Reese, G. (2009). Cloud Application Architectures: Building Applications and Infrastructure in the Cloud. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media, Inc. (2009).

* Rhoton, J. and Haukioja, R. (2011). Cloud Computing Architected: Solution Design Handbook. Recursive Limited, 2011. {{ISBN|0-9563556-1-7}}.