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{{Short description|Built of multiple interacting agents}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Multi-agent system}}
[[Image:IntelligentAgent-SimpleReflex.png|thumb|right|Simple reflex agent]]
[[Image:IntelligentAgent-Learning.
A '''multi-agent system''' ('''MAS''' or "self-organized system") is a computerized system composed of multiple interacting [[intelligent agent]]s.<ref
Despite considerable overlap, a multi-agent system is not always the same as an [[agent-based model]] (ABM). The goal of an ABM is to search for explanatory insight into the collective behavior of agents (which
== Concept ==
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</ref>
* dependability and fault-tolerance
* robotics,<ref>{{citation|last1=Ahmed |first1=S. |pages=459 |last2=Karsiti |first2=M.N. |url=http://eprints.utp.edu.my/320/|title=2007 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology |year=2007|doi=10.1109/EIT.2007.4374547|contribution=A testbed for control schemes using multi agent nonholonomic robots |isbn=978-1-4244-0940-2 |s2cid=2734931 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> multi-robot systems (MRS), robotic clusters
* multi-agent systems also present possible applications in microrobotics,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Lidong |last2=Li |first2=Zhang |year=2021 |title=Motion control in magnetic microrobotics: From individual and multiple robots to swarms |journal=Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems |volume=4 |pages=509–534 |doi=10.1146/annurev-control-032720-104318|s2cid=228892228 }}</ref> where the physical interaction between the agents are exploited to perform complex tasks such as manipulation and assembly of passive components.
* language model-based multi-agent systems<ref name=li2023></ref>
== Frameworks ==
Frameworks have emerged that implement common standards (such as the [[Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents|FIPA]] and [[Object Management Group|OMG]] MASIF standards).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?orbos/97-10-05|title=OMG Document – orbos/97-10-05 (Update of Revised MAF Submission)|website=www.omg.org|access-date=2019-02-19}}</ref>
Currently though, no standard is actively maintained from FIPA or OMG. Efforts for further development of software agents in industrial context are carried out in [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|IEEE]] IES technical committee on Industrial Agents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tcia.ieee-ies.org/|title=IEEE IES Technical Committee on Industrial Agents (TC-IA)|website=tcia.ieee-ies.org|access-date=2019-02-19}}</ref>
With advancements in [[large language model]]s (LLMs) such as [[ChatGPT]], LLM-based multi-agent frameworks, such as [[Apache Camel|CAMEL]],<ref name="camel2023">{{Cite web |title=CAMEL: Finding the Scaling Law of Agents. The first and the best multi-agent framework. |url=https://github.com/camel-ai/camel/ |website=[[GitHub]]}}</ref><ref name="li2023" /> have emerged as a new paradigm for developing multi-agent applications.
== Applications ==<!-- Although MAS is still strictly a research topic, many graphic computer games today are developed using MAS algorithms and MAS frameworks. -->
MAS have not only been applied in academic research, but also in industry.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Industrial agents : emerging applications of software agents in industry|others=Leitão, Paulo,, Karnouskos, Stamatis|isbn=978-0128003411|___location=Amsterdam, Netherlands|oclc=905853947|last1 = Leitão|first1 = Paulo|last2 = Karnouskos|first2 = Stamatis|date = 2015-03-26}}</ref> MAS are applied in the real world to graphical applications such as computer games. Agent systems have been used in films.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Massive (software)|MASSIVE]] |url=http://www.massivesoftware.com/film.html |title=Film showcase|access-date=28 April 2012}}</ref> It is widely advocated for use in networking and mobile technologies, to achieve automatic and dynamic load balancing, high scalability and self-healing networks. They are being used for coordinated defence systems.
Other applications<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Leitao|first1=Paulo|last2=Karnouskos|first2=Stamatis|last3=Ribeiro|first3=Luis|last4=Lee|first4=Jay|last5=Strasser|first5=Thomas|last6=Colombo|first6=Armando W.|date=2016|title=Smart Agents in Industrial Cyber–Physical Systems|journal=Proceedings of the IEEE|volume=104|issue=5|pages=1086–1101|doi=10.1109/JPROC.2016.2521931|s2cid=579475|issn=0018-9219|url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-128744|hdl=10198/15438|hdl-access=free}}</ref> include [[transportation]],<ref name="surtrac2012b">Xiao-Feng Xie, S. Smith, G. Barlow. [http://www.wiomax.com/team/xie/paper/ICAPS12.pdf Schedule-driven coordination for real-time traffic network control]. International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS), São Paulo, Brazil, 2012: 323–331.</ref> logistics,<ref name="compare">{{Cite journal | last1 = Máhr | first1 = T. S. | last2 = Srour | first2 = J. | last3 = De Weerdt | first3 = M. | last4 = Zuidwijk | first4 = R. | title = Can agents measure up? A comparative study of an agent-based and on-line optimization approach for a drayage problem with uncertainty | doi = 10.1016/j.trc.2009.04.018 | journal = Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies | volume = 18 | pages = 99–119 | year = 2010 | issue = 1 | bibcode = 2010TRPC...18...99M | citeseerx = 10.1.1.153.770 }}</ref> graphics, manufacturing, [[power system]],<ref name="GEP_1">{{cite book| chapter=Generation Expansion Planning Considering Investment Dynamic of Market Participants Using Multi-agent System|
Also, [[Distributed artificial intelligence#Agents and Multi-agent systems|Multi-agent Systems Artificial Intelligence]] (MAAI) are used for simulating societies, the purpose thereof being helpful in the fields of climate, energy, [[epidemiology]], [[conflict management]], child abuse, ....<ref name="newscientist.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24332500-800-ai-can-predict-your-future-behaviour-with-powerful-new-simulations/|title=AI can predict your future behaviour with powerful new simulations|website=New Scientist}}</ref>
Some organisations working on using multi-agent system models include Center for Modelling Social Systems,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Center for Modeling Social Systems - Norce |url=https://www.norceresearch.no/en/research-group/cmss |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=NORCE Norwegian Research Centre |language=en}}</ref> Centre for Research in Social Simulation,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre for Research in Social Simulation – A multidisciplinary centre bringing together the social sciences and agent-based modelling to promote and support the use of social simulation in research in the human sciences. |url=https://cress.soc.surrey.ac.uk/cresswp/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Centre for Policy Modelling, Society for Modelling and Simulation International.<ref name="newscientist.com" />
Vehicular traffic with controlled autonomous vehicles can be modelling as a multi-agent system involving crowd dynamics.<ref name="Gong">{{cite journal |last1=Gong |first1=Xiaoqian |last2=Herty |first2=Michael |last3=Piccoli |first3=Benedetto |last4=Visconti |first4=Giuseppe |title=Crowd Dynamics: Modeling and Control of Multiagent Systems |journal=Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems |date=3 May 2023 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=261–282 |doi=10.1146/annurev-control-060822-123629 |language=en |issn=2573-5144|doi-access=free }}</ref>
== See also ==
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* [[Artificial intelligence]]
* [[Artificial life]]
* Artificial philosophy
* [[AI mayor]]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Multi-Agent System}}
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