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{{hatnote|This is a list of metropolitan areas. For a list of urban areas, see [[List of urban areas in Europe]]. For a list of cities proper, see [[List of European cities by population within city limits]]. For a list of European cities by country, see [[List of cities in Europe]].}}[[File:Panoramic view of Moscow3.jpg|thumb|[[Moscow]], the capital of [[Russia]], has the most populous [[Moscow metropolitan area|metropolitan area]] in Europe.]]
[[File:Europa-bei-nacht 1-1024x768.jpg|thumb|Europe and some parts of Africa and Asia by night. Lights reveal the urbanized areas of Europe. It also shows the [[Blue Banana]] megalopolis from north-west England to northern Italy, and the [[Golden Banana]] urbanized area between Genoa and Valencia.]]
This list ranks [[metropolitan area]]s in [[Europe]] by their population according to three different sources; it includes metropolitan areas that have a population of over 1 million.
==Sources==
List includes metropolitan areas according only to the studies of [[ESPON]], [[Eurostat]], and [[OECD]]. For this reason some metropolitan areas, like the Italian [[Genoa|Genoa Metropolitan Area]] (with a population of 1,510,781 as of 2010<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cityrailways.it/storage/pdf/01_urbanismi%20ITALIA_2011.pdf |title=Urbanismi, Cluster urbani e aree metropolitane – volume primo, Italia |access-date=23 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006092229/http://www.cityrailways.it/storage/pdf/01_urbanismi%20ITALIA_2011.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=dead |language=it}}</ref>) or the Ukrainian [[Kryvyi Rih metropolitan area]] (with a population of 1,170,953 as of 2019<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2019/zb/06/zb_chnn2019.pdf |title=Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2019}}{{in lang|Uk}}</ref>), are not included in this list, with data by other statistic survey institutes.
Population figures correspond to the populations of [[Functional urban area]]s (FUA). The concept of a functional urban area defines a metropolitan area as a core urban area defined morphologically on the basis of population density, plus the surrounding labour pool defined on the basis of commuting.
Figures in the first two population columns use a harmonised definition of a Functional urban area developed jointly in 2011, with delimitation basing on the DEGURBA method.<ref>{{cite report |author=Lewis Dijkstra, Hugo Poelman |date=2012-03-01 |title=Cities in Europe - The new OECD-EC definition |url=https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/focus/2012_01_city.pdf |page=2 |access-date=2024-06-08 |quote=Until recently, there was no harmonised definition of ‘a city’ for European and other countries member of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This undermined the comparability, and thus also the credibility, of cross-country analysis of cities. To resolve this problem, the OECD and the European Commission developed a new definition of a city and its commuting zone in 2011. […] Each city is part of its own commuting zone or a polycentric commuting zone covering multiple cities. These commuting zones are significant, especially for larger cities. The cities and commuting zones together (called Larger Urban Zones) account for 60 % of the EU population.}}</ref><ref name="luz">{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Territorial_typologies_manual_-_cities,_commuting_zones_and_functional_urban_areas#Changes_to_the_typology_over_time | title=Territorial typologies manual - cities, commuting zones and functional urban areas | publisher=[[Eurostat]] |quote="Within the Urban Audit, (...) functional urban areas were previously referred to as ‘larger urban zones’."}}</ref>
Further information on how the areas are defined can be found in the source documents. These figures should be seen as an interpretation, not as conclusive fact.
==Metropolitan areas==
{{multiple issues|section=yes|
{{Ambox|type=content|sect=list|issue=has some of the population counts listed as sourced from ESPON not matching the data in their source.|fix=Population counts should be corrected to match the data in their referenced source.}}
{{Ambox|type=content|sect=list|issue=mixes wikilinks to cities, greater cities, metropolitan cities, metropolitan areas, metropolitan counties, and metropolitan regions (in their own national definition, not the Eurostat one for which the population is listed) in the first column.|fix=All wikilinks should point to an existing or not article (or redirect) of a metropolitan area.}}}}
{{legend|#CFECEC|Areas within the [[European Union]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"
!Metropolitan area name
!Country
![[OECD]]<br />(2020)<ref name = "OECD-FUA">{{cite web|title=OECD: FUAs and Cities|url=https://regions-cities-atlas.oecd.org/EFUA/x/x/T_T/2020|publisher=[[OECD]]|date=|access-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>
![[Eurostat]]<ref name="Eurostat-metros">{{cite web|title=Database|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/product/view/urb_lpop1?category=urb.urb_luz|access-date=16 Jun 2024|website=ec.europa.eu|publisher=[[Eurostat]]}} Population on 1 January by age groups and sex - functional urban areas (urb_lpop1)</ref>
![[ESPON]]<br />(2006)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf|title=Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3)]|date=March 2007|publisher=[[European Spatial Planning Observation Network]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002318/http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2015}}, Final Report, Chapter 3</ref>
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Amsterdam metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|{{nts|2017935}}
|{{nts|2915114}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|2497000}}{{efn|name=randstad|Part of the [[Randstad]] polycentric urban region consisting of the metropolitan areas of Amsterdam (2,497,000), Rotterdam (1,904,000), The Hague (1,404,000), and Utrecht (982,000). The total population of the region is 6,787,000.}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Antwerp]]
|{{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|{{nts|1,860,869}}
|{{nts|1,157,068}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|1,406,000}}{{efn|name=flemishdiamond}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Athens metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Greece}}
|{{nts|3,618,860}}
|{{nts|3,828,434}} <small>(2011)</small>
|{{nts|3,761,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Barcelona metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
|{{nts|5,345,763}}
|{{nts|5,093,585}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|4,082,000}}{{efn|Total population is 4,251,000 if the metropolitan area of [[Mataro]] (169,000) is included.}}
|-
|[[Belgrade]]
|{{flagcountry|Serbia}}
|{{nts|1,612,587}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region|Berlin metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|4,558,043}}
|{{nts|4,979,867}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|4,016,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Bilbao metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
|{{nts|957,261}}
|{{nts|1,041,059}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|947,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Bordeaux]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{nts|1,085,823}}
|{{nts|1,376,375}} <small>(2020)</small>
|{{nts|918,000}}
|-
|[[Greater Bristol]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|1,274,128}}
|{{nts|955,541}} <small>(2018)</small>
|{{nts|1,041,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Brussels metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|{{nts|2,338,157}}
|{{nts|3,350,969}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|2,639,000}}{{efn|name=flemishdiamond|The Flemish Diamond metropolitan region, which consists of the metropolitan areas of Brussels, Antwerp, Gent, and Leuven, has a total population of 5,103,000.}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Bucharest metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Romania}}
|{{nts|2,348,982}}
|{{nts|2,478,618}} <small>(2018)</small>
|{{nts|2,064,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Budapest metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Hungary}}
|{{nts|2,798,396}}
|{{nts|3,001,643}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|2,523,000}}
|-
|[[Cardiff]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|1,165,502}}
|{{nts|915,466}} <small>(2018)</small>
|{{nts|1,097,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Copenhagen metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Denmark}}
|{{nts|2,088,197}}
|{{nts|1,928,612}} <small>(2013)</small>
|{{nts|1,881,000}}{{efn|name=oresund|Part of the wider [[Öresund region]], which includes the Danish metropolitan area of Copenhagen (1,881,000) and the Swedish metropolitan areas of Malmö (667,000) and Helsingborg (294,000). The total regional population is 2,842,000.}}
|-
|[[Dnipro]]
|{{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
|{{nts|1,014,593}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|-
|[[Donetsk]]
|{{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
|{{nts|1,450,194}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Dublin Metropolitan Area]]
|{{flagcountry|Ireland}}
|{{nts|1,721,812}}
|{{nts|1,793,902}} <small>(2011)</small>
|{{nts|1,477,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Frankfurt Rhine-Main]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|3,1678,62}}
|{{nts|2,678,557}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|2,764,000}}{{efn|Part of the Rhein-Main metropolitan region with a total population of 4,149,000, which additionally includes the metropolitan areas of [[Darmstadt]] (501,000), [[Wiesbaden]] (453,000), and [[Mainz]] (431,000).}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Gdańsk]] ([[Tricity, Poland|Tricity]])
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
|{{nts|987,006}}
|{{nts|1,223,884}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|993,000}}
|-
|[[Greater Glasgow]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|1,790,499}}
|{{nts|1,830,710}} <small>(2018)</small>
|{{nts|1,395,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Gothenburg]]
|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}
|{{nts|941,867}}
|{{nts|1,021,831}} <small>(2018)</small>
|{{nts|759,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[The Hague]]
|{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|{{nts|3,592,389}}{{efn|name=rotterdam-the-hague|Combined total population of [[Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area]].}}
|{{nts|1,132,975}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|1,404,000}}{{efn|name=randstad}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Hamburg Metropolitan Region]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|2,763,491}}
|{{nts|3,421,692}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|2,983,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Hannover]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|1,156,114}}
|{{nts|1,289,320}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|997,000}}{{efn|Estimation.|name=estimation}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Helsinki Metropolitan Area]]
|{{flagcountry|Finland}}
|{{nts|1,439,175}}
|{{nts|1,551,959}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|1,285,000}}
|-
|[[Istanbul]]{{efn|65% of the population lives on the European part}}
|{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
|{{nts|14,693,269}}
|{{nts|11,044,642}} <small>(2004)</small>
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Katowice metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
|{{nts|2,843,725}}
|{{nts|2,417,386}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|3,029,000}}{{efn|Part of the polycentric Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area with a total population of 5,294,000. The region includes the metropolitan areas of [[Katowice metropolitan area|Katowice]] (3,029,000) [[Ostrava metropolitan area|Ostrava]] (1,046,000), [[Bielsko-Biała]] (584,000), [[Rybnik metropolitan area|Rybnik]] (526,000) and [[Racibórz]] (109,000).|name=katowice-ostrava}}
|-
|[[Kazan metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Russia}}
|{{nts|1,341,784}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|-
|[[Kharkiv]]
|{{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
|{{nts|1,713,794}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Kraków metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
|{{nts|1,339,089}}
|{{nts|1,489,912}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|1,236,000}}
|-
|[[Kyiv metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
|{{nts|3,545,076}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Lille]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{nts|1,226,810}}
|{{nts|1,515,061}} <small>(2020)</small>
|{{nts|1,161,000}}{{efn|Part of the wider Lille-[[Bassin Minier]] region with a total population of 3,115,000.}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Lisbon metropolitan area]]
||{{flagcountry|Portugal}}
|{{nts|2,731,340}}
|{{nts|3,049,222}} <small>(2023)</small>
|{{nts|2,591,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Łódź metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
|{{nts|1,041,339}}
|{{nts|893,083}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|1,165,000}}
|-
|[[London metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|13,475,297}}
|{{nts|12,434,823}} <small>(2018)</small>
|{{nts|11,203,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Lyon]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{nts|2,090,206}}
|{{nts|2,293,180}} <small>(2020)</small>
|{{nts|1,669,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Madrid metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
|{{nts|6,989,714}}
|{{nts|6,982,656}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|5,263,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Málaga]]-[[Marbella]]
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
|{{nts|1,288,693}}{{efn|Lists Málaga (1,048,764) and Marbella (239,929) as two separate metropolitan areas.}}
|{{nts|1,230,313}}{{efn|Lists Málaga (887,146) and Marbella (343,167) as two separate metropolitan areas.}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|775,000}}{{efn|Total population is 844,000 if the metropolitan area of [[Vélez-Málaga]] (69,000) is included.}}
|-
|[[Greater Manchester]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|3,374,693}}
|{{nts|3,348,274}} <small>(2018)</small>
|{{nts|2,556,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Mannheim]]-[[Ludwigshafen]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|1,755,988}}
|{{nts|1,318,805}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|1,136,000}}{{efn|Lists Mannheim (683,000) and Ludwigshafen (453,000) as two of eight FUAs within the Rhein-Neckar poly-FUA (2,931,000).}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Marseille]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{nts|1,322,989}}{{efn|Does not include [[Aix-en-Provence]], which [[OECD]], unlike [[INSEE]], considers as a separate metropolitan area, with a population of 243,615 in 2020.}}
|{{nts|1,879,601}} <small>(2020)</small>
|{{nts|1,530,000}}
|-
|[[Liverpool City Region]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|1,729,058}}
|{{nts|1,533,860}} <small>(2018)</small>
|{{nts|2,241,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Milan metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Italy}}
|{{nts|5,301,987}}
|{{nts|4,934,205}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|4,136,000}}{{efn|name=milan-polycentric|Part of a wider Milan polycentric metropolitan area with a total population of 6,011,000.}}
|-
|[[Minsk metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Belarus}}
|{{nts|2,173,105}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|-
|[[Moscow metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Russia}}
|{{nts|17,217,606}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Munich]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|2,618,482}}
|{{nts|3,016,834}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|2,665,000}}{{efn|Total population is 3,271,000 if the metropolitan area of [[Augsburg]] (606,000) is included.}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Nantes]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{nts|946,441}}
|{{nts|1,022,775}} <small>(2020)</small>
|{{nts|708,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Naples metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Italy}}
|{{nts|4,095,364}}
|{{nts|3,303,711}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|2,905,000}}{{efn|name=naples-caserta|Part of a wider polycentric metropolitan area with a population of 3,714,000.}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Nice]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{nts|1,143,557}}
|{{nts|618,489}} <small>(2020)</small>
|{{nts|1,082,000}}
|-
|[[Nizhniy Novgorod|Nizhny Novgorod]]
|{{flagcountry|Russia}}
|{{nts|1,430,212}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|-
|[[Nottingham]]-[[Derby]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|1,618,393}}
|{{nts|1,406,315}}{{efn|Lists Nottingham (919,484) and Derby (486,831) as two separate metropolitan areas.}} <small>(2018)</small>
|{{nts|1,534,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Northwest Metropolitan Region]] ([[Bremen]])
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|912,616}}
|{{nts|1,046,897}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|1,077,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Nuremberg Metropolitan Region]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|1,307,726}}
|{{nts|1,181,541}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|1,443,000}}
|-
|[[Odesa]]
|{{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
|{{nts|1,273,381}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|-
|[[Greater Oslo Region]]
|{{flagcountry|Norway}}
|{{nts|1,422,223}}
|{{nts|1,278,827}} <small>(2013)</small>
|{{nts|1,037,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Ostrava metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Czechia}}
|{{nts|751,133}}{{efn|Lists Ostrava (539,358) and Havířov (211,775) as two separate metropolitan areas.}}
|{{nts|695,244}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|1,046,000}}{{efn|name=katowice-ostrava}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Paris metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{nts|11,249,025}}
|{{nts|13,125,142}} <small>(2020)</small>
|{{nts|11,175,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Metropolitan Area of Porto|Porto Metropolitan Area]]
|{{flagcountry|Portugal}}
|{{nts|1,651,124}}
|{{nts|1,316,989}} <small>(2023)</small>
|{{nts|1,245,000}}{{efn|Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 1,778,000.}}
|-
|[[Portsmouth]]-[[Southampton]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|1,390,006}}
|{{nts|1,230,011}}{{efn|Lists Portsmouth (542,040) and Southampton (687,971) as two separate metropolitan areas.}} <small>(2018)</small>
|{{nts|1,547,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Poznań metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
|{{nts|975,965}}
|{{nts|1,051,414}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|919,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Prague metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Czechia}}
|{{nts|1,977,776}}
|{{nts|2,216,746}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|1,669,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|Rhein-Nord{{efn|name=pc|Polycentric metropolitan area}} ([[Düsseldorf]] - [[Neuss]])
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|2,557,228}}{{efn|Lists Düsseldorf (1,087,466), Wuppertal (872,475), and Mönchengladbach (597,287) as three separate metropolitan areas.}}
|{{nts|2,247,629}}{{efn|Lists Düsseldorf (1,464,904), Wuppertal (383,594), and Mönchengladbach (399,131) as three separate metropolitan areas.}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|3,073,000}}{{efn|Includes [[Duisburg]] metropolitan area of Ruhr.}}{{efn|name=rheinruhr}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|Rhein-Süd{{efn|name=pc}} ([[Cologne/Bonn Region|Cologne - Bonn]])
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|3,354,797}}
|{{nts|3,005,728}}{{efn|Lists Cologne (2,215,509) and Bonn (790,219) as two separate metropolitan areas.}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|3,070,000}}{{efn|name=rheinruhr|Part of the polycentric urban region of [[Rhein-Ruhr]], which has a total population of 12,190,000.}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Riga Planning Region (before 2021)|Riga metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Latvia}}
|{{nts|762,194}}
|{{nts|917,351}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|1,195,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Rome metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Italy}}
|{{nts|3,684,930}}
|{{nts|4,291,581}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|5,190,000}}
|-
|[[Rostov-on-Don]]
|{{flagcountry|Russia}}
|{{nts|1,349,583}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Rotterdam]]
|{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|{{nts|3,592,389}}{{efn|name=rotterdam-the-hague|Combined total population of [[Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area]].}}
|{{nts|1,902,704}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|1,904,000}}{{efn|name=randstad}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Ruhr]]{{efn|name=pc}}
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|6,108,500}}
|{{nts|5,068,912}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|5,376,000}}{{efn|Does not include [[Duisburg]] metropolitan area.}}{{efn|name=rheinruhr}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Saarbrücken]] - [[Forbach]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}/<br>{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{nts|582,231}}{{efn|name=saarbrucken-german|Does not include the French part.}}
|{{nts|522,983}}{{efn|name=saarbrucken-german}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|1,102,000}}
|-
|[[Saint Petersburg metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Russia}}
|{{nts|5,518,560}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|-
|[[Samara, Russia|Samara]]
|{{flagcountry|Russia}}
|{{nts|1,307,406}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|-
|[[Saratov]]
|{{flagcountry|Russia}}
|{{nts|1,097,493}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Seville metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
|{{nts|1,299,106}}
|{{nts|1,556,975}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|1,180,000}}{{efn|Total population is 1,262,000 if the metropolitan area of [[Utrera]] (82,000) is included.}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Sofia City Province|Sofia]]
|{{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
|{{nts|1,488,887}}
|{{nts|1,531,867}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|1,174,000}}
|-
|[[South Yorkshire]] ([[Sheffield]]-[[Doncaster]])
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|1,166,720}}
|{{nts|1,189,393}} <small>(2018)</small>
|{{nts|1,869,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Metropolitan Stockholm]]
|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}
|{{nts|2,241,651}}
|{{nts|2,308,143}} <small>(2018)</small>
|{{nts|2,171,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Stuttgart Metropolitan Region]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|2,300,011}}
|{{nts|2,531,040}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|2,289,000}}
|-
|[[Tbilisi]]{{efn|name=cauc|Continental placement may vary depending on [[Boundaries between the continents of Earth|geographic convention]] being followed.}}
|{{flagcountry|Georgia}}
|{{nts|1,485,293}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Thessaloniki metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Greece}}
|{{nts|1,011,795}}
|{{nts|973,997}} <small>(2011)</small>
|{{nts|1,052,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Toulouse]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{nts|1,332,370}}
|{{nts|1,470,899}} <small>(2020)</small>
|{{nts|832,000}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Turin metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Italy}}
|{{nts|1,828,088}}
|{{nts|1,712,372}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|1,601,000}}{{efn|Total population is 1,716,000 if the metropolitan area of [[Pinerolo]] (115,000) is included.}}
|-
|[[Tyne and Wear]] ([[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]]-[[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]])
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|1,719,730}}
|{{nts|1,175,274}} <small>(2018)</small>
|{{nts|1,599,000}}
|-
|[[Ufa]]
|{{flagcountry|Russia}}
|{{nts|1,149,103}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Valencia (city in Spain)|Valencia]]
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
|{{nts|1,916,932}}
|{{nts|1,775,845}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|1,398,000}}{{efn|Total population is 1,499,000 if the metropolitan area of [[Sagunto]] (101,000) is included.}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Vienna]]
|{{flagcountry|Austria}}
|{{nts|2,565,196}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts|2,584,000}}
|-
|[[Volgograd]]
|{{flagcountry|Russia}}
|{{nts|1,402,254}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|-
|[[Voronezh]]
|{{flagcountry|Russia}}
|{{nts|1,127,100}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Warsaw metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
|{{nts|2,975,932}}
|{{nts|3,374,742}} <small>(2021)</small>
|{{nts|2,785,000}}
|-
|[[West Midlands conurbation]] ([[Birmingham]])
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|3,083,783}}
|{{nts|3,097,965}} <small>(2018)</small>
|{{nts|3,683,000}}
|-
|[[West Yorkshire Built-up Area]] ([[Leeds]] - [[Bradford]])
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|3,010,473}}
|{{nts|2,619,128}} <small>(2018)</small>
|{{nts|2,302,000}}
|-
|[[Yerevan]]{{efn|name=cauc}}
|{{flagcountry|Armenia}}
|{{nts|1,232,670}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|- bgcolor="#CFECEC"
|[[Zagreb metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Croatia}}
|{{nts|1,008,763}}
|{{nts|1,161,259}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts}}{{sdash}}
|-
|[[Zürich metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Switzerland}}
|{{nts|2,124,246}}
|{{nts|1,951,341}} <small>(2022)</small>
|{{nts|1,615,000}}
|}
==Polycentric metropolitan areas in the [[European Union]]==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!Rank
!Area
!State
!Population<ref>[[European Spatial Planning Observation Network]], [http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002318/http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }}, Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007) page 241-243</ref>
|-
|1
|[[Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region]]
|{{GER}}
|12,190,000
|-
|2
|[[Randstad]]
|{{NED}}
|6,787,000
|-
|3
|[[Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area]]
|{{POL}}/ {{CZE}}
|5,294,000
|-
|4
|[[Flemish Diamond]]
|{{BEL}}
|5,103,000
|-
|5
|[[Vienna-Bratislava metropolitan region]]
|{{AUT}}/ {{SVK}}
|4,600,000
|}
==See also==
*[[List of European cities by population within city limits]]
*[[List of urban areas in Europe]]
*[[List of European city regions]]
*[[Lists of cities in Europe]]
*[[List of largest cities in the European Union by population within city limits]]
*[[List of urban areas in the European Union]]
*[[List of European Union cities proper by population density]]
*[[List of metropolitan areas by population]] for the world
*[[World's largest cities]]
===Regional and country-specific lists===
*[[Largest metropolitan areas in the Nordic countries]]
*[[List of metropolitan areas in Belgium]]
*[[List of metropolitan areas in France]]
*[[List of metropolitan areas in Germany]]
*[[List of metropolitan areas in Italy]]
*[[Metropolitan areas in Poland|List of metropolitan areas in Poland]]
*[[Metropolitan areas in Romania|List of metropolitan areas in Romania]]
*[[List of metropolitan areas in Spain]]
*[[List of metropolitan areas in Sweden]]
*[[List of metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom]]
==Notes==
{{noteslist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091226080929/http://www.e-geopolis.eu/ Geopolis]: research group, university of Paris-Diderot, France - Population of urban areas of 10,000 or more
{{Europe topics}}
{{Lists of countries by population statistics}}
{{Urban pop list}}
[[Category:Lists of cities in Europe|*Metropolitan areas by population]]
[[Category:Geography of Europe|Metropolitan areas]]
[[Category:Lists of metropolitan areas in Europe| ]]
[[Category:Lists of cities by population|Europe, metropolitan areas]]
[[Category:Metropolitan areas of Europe| ]]
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