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{{Short description|
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
| title =
| partof =
| image = {{Multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=1/2|total_width=300
| image1 = Violences urbaines Nahel Besançon-Planoise 29-06-2023 oufik-de-Planoise 1.jpg
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| alt3 =
| footer_align = center
| footer = Urban violence in [[Planoise]] ([[Besançon]])
}}{{Multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=2|total_width=300
| image1 =
| alt4 =
| image2 =
| alt5 =
| image6 =
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| footer = [[RAID (French police unit)|RAID]] Operators in [[Lille]]
}}
| date = 27 June –
| casualties_label = Casualties, arrests, and damages
| arrests = 3,300+<ref>{{cite news |title=How an early morning drive led to a death that would tear France apart |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/07/04/france-teen-nahel-merzouk-police-shooting-paris-riots/ |agency=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=4 July 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705144355/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/07/04/france-teen-nahel-merzouk-police-shooting-paris-riots/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
| damage =
| injuries = 808 officers;<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Abboud |first1=Leila |last2=Klasa |first2=Adrienne |date=5 July 2023 |title=Emmanuel Macron walks tightrope with French police after teenager's death |work=[[Financial Times]] |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e675a529-25ea-4827-a91d-defb5ca99ed4 |access-date=5 July 2023 |quote=Since Merzouk was killed, 808 officers have been injured in clashes with protesters and rioters, according to the interior minister. |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708032430/https://www.ft.com/content/e675a529-25ea-4827-a91d-defb5ca99ed4 |url-status=live}}</ref> civil not determined
| place = [[France]] and other French-speaking territories
| causes = [[Killing of Nahel Merzouk]]
| methods =
| result =
| sidebox =
| notes =
| fatalities = 2 confirmed<!--Do not add information about who died--><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 June 2023 |title=Un homme décède en Guyane en marge des émeutes déclenchées par la mort de Nahel |trans-title=A man dies in
| effect_label = Property damage
| effect = 1,000+ buildings damaged <br/>
5,662 vehicles burned<ref>{{Cite
}}
A series of
In [[Viry-Châtillon]], a town south of Paris with a history of violence towards police,<ref name=dépêche.fr /> a group of teenagers set a bus on fire.<ref name=":13" /> In [[Mantes-la-Jolie]], a town 40
By 29 June, over 150 people had been arrested,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Chrisafis |first1=Angelique |last2=Paris |first2=Angelique Chrisafisin |date=29 June 2023 |title=France police shooting: 150 arrests as protests widen over teenager's death |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/29/france-police-shooting-second-night-of-unrest-as-protests-over-teenagers-death-spread |access-date=29 June 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630033240/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/29/france-police-shooting-second-night-of-unrest-as-protests-over-teenagers-death-spread |url-status=live}}</ref> 24 officers had been injured, and 40 cars had been torched.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Brudeau |first=Cain |title=Riots, racial tensions erupt in France after fatal police shooting |url=https://www.courthousenews.com/riots-racial-tensions-erupt-in-france-after-fatal-police-shooting/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629201708/https://www.courthousenews.com/riots-racial-tensions-erupt-in-france-after-fatal-police-shooting/ |archive-date=29 June 2023 |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=[[Courthouse News Service]]}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite news |last1=Bisset |first1=Victoria |last2=Suliman |first2=Adela |date=28 June 2023 |title=Protests erupt in Paris after police shoot, kill teen during traffic stop |language=en-US |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/06/28/france-police-shooting-nanterre-nael/ |access-date=28 June 2023 |issn=0190-8286
== Background ==
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=== Killing of Nahel Merzouk ===
{{Main|Killing of Nahel Merzouk}}
On
On
=== 2017 law concerning traffic stops ===
After police strikes following the burning of two police officers on 8 October 2016 in [[Viry-Châtillon]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/teenager-charged-over-police-firebombing-attack-french-prosecutor/a-36631345|title=Teenager charged over police firebombing attack – DW – 12/03/2016|website=dw.com}}</ref> the law limiting police use of firearms strictly to cases of self-defense (like any other citizen) was revised in 2017 concerning {{lang|fr|refus d'obtempérer}} (refusals to submit to traffic stops).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnews.fr/france/2023-06-29/mort-de-nahel-nanterre-ce-que-lon-sait-de-la-version-du-policier-1371481 |title=Mort de Nahel à Nanterre : que dit la loi de 2017 qui régit l'usage des armes à feu par la police, et pourquoi fait-elle débat ? |trans-title=Nahel's death in Nanterre: what does the 2017 law regulating usage of firearms say? |date=28 June 2023 |last=Régnard |first=Baptiste |language=fr |work=[[CNews]] |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630105311/https://www.cnews.fr/france/2023-06-29/mort-de-nahel-nanterre-ce-que-lon-sait-de-la-version-du-policier-1371481 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=dépêche.fr>{{cite news |title=Policiers : leur légitime défense alignée sur celle des gendarmes |trans-title=Police officers: aligning their legitimate defense with gendarmes' |date=21 December 2016 |last=B. |first=J.-P. |work=[[La Dépêche du Midi|La Dépêche]] |url=https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2016/12/21/2483174-policiers-leur-legitime-defense-alignee-sur-celle-des-gendarmes.html |language=fr |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093211/https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2016/12/21/2483174-policiers-leur-legitime-defense-alignee-sur-celle-des-gendarmes.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The revised law permits police to shoot at a vehicle fleeing a traffic stop if the vehicle is putting its passengers or passersby in danger. This law resulted in thirteen deaths in 2022, six more than the year before.<ref>{{cite web |website=Public Sénat |language=fr |first=Simon |last=Barbarit |url=https://www.publicsenat.fr/actualites/politique/refus-dobtemperer-la-porte-parole-de-la-police-nationale-annonce-138-tirs-en-2022 |title=Refus d'obtempérer: la porte-parole de la police nationale annonce 138 tirs en 2022 |trans-title=Refusal to comply: the spokesperson for the national police announces 138 shootings in 2022 |date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630083444/https://www.publicsenat.fr/actualites/politique/refus-dobtemperer-la-porte-parole-de-la-police-nationale-annonce-138-tirs-en-2022 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |access-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Another teenager, Alhoussein Camara, was shot dead on his way to work two weeks prior to the Merzouk shooting, also for refusing to comply with a traffic stop. The only witnesses were police, and no film of the shooting has surfaced. It was reported that the police union Alliance described him as a delinquent, though Camara did not have a criminal record.<ref>{{Cite web |website=RFI |first=Alison |last=Hird |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20230707-calls-for-justice-for-teenager-alhoussein-camara-shot-dead-by-french-police-two-weeks-before-nahel-merzouk |language=en |date=7 July 2023 |title=Calls for justice for teenager shot dead by French police two weeks before Nahel}}</ref>
=== Civil unrest related to policing ===
The [[2005 French riots]] were in reaction to the death of two Muslim teenagers, electrocuted while hiding from police in an electrical substation. Then-prime minister [[Dominique de Villepin]] and his Interior minister [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] suggested that the boys were thieves, which did little to calm the situation. [[Jacques Chirac]] declared a state of emergency, the protests lasted three weeks, and more than 4,000 people were arrested.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/06/29/in-2005-three-weeks-of-rioting-shook-france-after-the-deaths-of-two-teenagers_6039444_7.html |title=In 2005, three weeks of rioting shook France after the deaths of two teenagers |date=29 June 2023 |last=Leclerc |first=Aline |work=[[Le Monde]] |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701021226/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/06/29/in-2005-three-weeks-of-rioting-shook-france-after-the-deaths-of-two-teenagers_6039444_7.html |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2016, the [[death of Adama Traoré]] while he was under police custody resulted in protests.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chrisafis |first=Angelique |date=7 July 2023 |title=French authorities ban march for black man who died in police custody |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/07/french-authorities-ban-march-for-black-man-who-died-in-police-custody |access-date=13 July 2023 |issn=0261-3077 }}</ref> His sister, [[Assa Traoré]], had charges filed against her by the government for organizing a memorial rally on 8 July 2023 in Paris despite a court ruling that the march could not take place in the originally planned towns north of Paris.<ref>{{Cite news |work=
=== Police brutality in France ===
The [[yellow vests protests]] in 2018<ref name=Blanchard /><ref>{{Cite
In 2020, widely
=== Racial profiling and false reporting ===
Alleged use of [[racial profiling]] in traffic stops and identity checks is a recurring issue, which, according to Henri Leclerc (emeritus president of the [[Human Rights League (France)|Human Rights League]]), contributed to the "revolt".<ref name="HRL">{{cite news |first=Louis |last=Mollier-Sabet |work=Public Sénat |url=https://www.publicsenat.fr/actualites/societe/mort-de-nahel-le-gouvernement-se-retrouve-en-face-dune-immense-manifestation-spontanee-de-solidarite-estime-henri-leclerc |title=Refus d'obtempérer : « La loi de 2017 a presque été interprétée comme un permis de tuer », alerte Henri Leclerc |trans-title=Refusal to comply: "The 2017 law has almost been interpreted as a license to kill", warns Henri Leclerc |date=30 June 2023 |language=fr |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630094052/https://www.publicsenat.fr/actualites/societe/mort-de-nahel-le-gouvernement-se-retrouve-en-face-dune-immense-manifestation-spontanee-de-solidarite-estime-henri-leclerc |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, the [[Court of Cassation]] found against the French state concerning racial profiling for identity checks, ruling that the practice was discriminatory. On this basis, in October 2020, a Parisian civil court awarded €58,500 to 11 plaintiffs who sued the French state for police violence, unjustified identity checks and improper arrests.<ref>{{Cite
On 9 June 2023, the state was condemned for wrongfully jailing seven young men in the case of the burned police officers in Viry-Châtillon mentioned above. A suit concerning police allegedly making false reports leading to the
=== Social problems ===
Mayors of some poor towns
According to [[Philippe Rio]], mayor of [[Grigny, Essonne|Grigny]], "In 2005, we were already talking about extreme [[poverty]]. But [[COVID-19 pandemic in France|COVID]] has made things even worse, and [[inflation]] has added yet another layer.{{nbsp}}... [E]ven those who
== Events ==
=== Metropolitan France ===
==== 27–28 June ====
Riots were reported in the evening of 27 June after videos of Merzouk's killing in Nanterre began to circulate. The urban unrest was concentrated in Nanterre, where rioters threw projectiles at police, let off fireworks, and set cars, bus shelters, rubbish bins, and a school on fire. Fires were also lit near the tracks of the [[RER A]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2023 |title=Nanterre : nuit de colère et de tension après la mort d'un ado de 17 ans, tué par la police pour refus d'obtempérer |trans-title=Nanterre: night of anger and tension after the death of a 17-year-old teenager, killed by the police for refusing to comply |url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/faits-divers/20230628.OBS75048/nanterre-nuit-de-violences-apres-la-mort-d-un-ado-de-17-ans-tue-par-la-police-pour-un-refus-d-obtemperer.html |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=[[L'Obs]] |language=fr |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629184633/https://www.nouvelobs.com/faits-divers/20230628.OBS75048/nanterre-nuit-de-violences-apres-la-mort-d-un-ado-de-17-ans-tue-par-la-police-pour-un-refus-d-obtemperer.html |url-status=live}}</ref> This rioting lasted until morning in Nanterre and spread to other areas in [[Île-de-France]], but was also reported in [[Colmar]] and [[Roubaix]]. By the end of the day, there were at least 20 police officers injured, 10 police cars damaged, and 31 arrested.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2023 |last1=Piquet |first1=Caroline |first2=Julien |last2=Constant |title=Mairie incendiée, voitures brûlées, 31 interpellations{{nbsp}}... Nuit de violences à Nanterre après la mort de Nahel |trans-title=Burned town hall, burned cars, 31 arrests{{nbsp}}... Night of violence in Nanterre after the death of Nahel |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/nanterre-nuit-de-violences-apres-la-mort-de-nahel-20-interpellations-28-06-2023-KYSMX4XDEFCKROOZLC6GNDWIGY.php |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=[[Le Parisien]] |language=fr |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629232131/https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/nanterre-nuit-de-violences-apres-la-mort-de-nahel-20-interpellations-28-06-2023-KYSMX4XDEFCKROOZLC6GNDWIGY.php |url-status=live}}</ref> 2,000 police officers and [[gendarmes]] were deployed to deal with the outbreak of violence.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Esnor |first=John |date=28 June 2023 |title=Paris Erupts In Violence After Police Shoot 17-year-old Driver |url=https://euroweeklynews.com/2023/06/28/paris-erupts-in-violence-after-police-shoot-17-year-old-driver/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=Euro Weekly News |language=en-GB |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629214628/https://euroweeklynews.com/2023/06/28/paris-erupts-in-violence-after-police-shoot-17-year-old-driver/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
On 28 June, riots were reported in [[Amiens]], [[Dijon]], [[Lyon]], [[Lille]], [[Saint-Étienne]], [[Clermont-Ferrand]], and [[Strasbourg]].<ref name=":riots9" /> French media reported numerous incidents around the Greater Paris region. There were reports of fireworks being directed at the Montreuil Town Hall which is located at the eastern edge of Paris.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Chrisafis |first1=Angelique |last2=Henley |first2=Jon |date=29 June 2023 |title=France police shooting: second night of unrest as protests over teenager's death spread |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/29/france-police-shooting-second-night-of-unrest-as-protests-over-teenagers-death-spread |access-date=29 June 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630033240/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/29/france-police-shooting-second-night-of-unrest-as-protests-over-teenagers-death-spread |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Fresnes Prison]] was also targeted by fireworks.<ref name=":riots12">{{Cite news |date=28 June 2023 |title=Mort de Nahel : retour sur une nouvelle nuit de violences en banlieue parisienne et dans plusieurs villes de France |trans-title=Death of Nahel: return to a new night of violence in the Paris suburbs and in several cities in France |language=fr |work=[[Le Parisien]] |url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20230629.OBS75093/mort-de-nahel-retour-sur-une-nouvelle-nuit-de-violences-en-banlieue-parisienne-et-dans-plusieurs-villes-de-france.html |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629064506/https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20230629.OBS75093/mort-de-nahel-retour-sur-une-nouvelle-nuit-de-violences-en-banlieue-parisienne-et-dans-plusieurs-villes-de-france.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In Toulouse, arson and clashes between 100 demonstrators and police in the Reynerie district resulted in 13 arrests and 20 vehicles burned.<ref name=":riots9">{{Cite news |date=28 June 2023 |title=Mort de Nahel : commissariats attaqués, tramway incendié, école détruite{{nbsp}}... Une nouvelle nuit de violences |trans-title=Death of Nahel: police stations attacked, tram burned, school destroyed{{nbsp}}... A new night of violence |language=fr |work=[[Le Parisien]] |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/mort-de-nahel-des-echauffourees-eclatent-a-toulouse-et-lille-tensions-en-region-parisienne-28-06-2023-3GZM2PHC3BDSPMMPZPRVH2FXY4.php |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628225359/https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/mort-de-nahel-des-echauffourees-eclatent-a-toulouse-et-lille-tensions-en-region-parisienne-28-06-2023-3GZM2PHC3BDSPMMPZPRVH2FXY4.php |url-status=live}}</ref> There were attacks reported on 27 national police stations (including 7 by arson), 4 gendarmerie barracks, 14 municipal police stations (including 10 by arson), 8 town halls, 6 schools, and 6 public buildings.<ref name=":riots10">{{Cite news |date=28 June 2023 |title=DIRECT. Mort de Nahel : plusieurs communes d'Île-de-France instaurent un couvre-feu |trans-title=DIRECT. Death of Nahel: several municipalities in Île-de-France establish a curfew |language=fr |work=[[Le Parisien]] |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/direct-mort-de-nahel-a-nanterre-nouvelle-nuit-de-violences-une-marche-blanche-a-14-heures-29-06-2023-XVKUIN23DBCKNENJWKGZSGIVAU.php |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629025436/https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/direct-mort-de-nahel-a-nanterre-nouvelle-nuit-de-violences-une-marche-blanche-a-14-heures-29-06-2023-XVKUIN23DBCKNENJWKGZSGIVAU.php |url-status=live}}</ref> Clashing and the burning of vehicles continued in Nanterre; police stations in Suresnes, Bois-Colombes, and Gennevilliers as well as municipal police stations in Meudon were attacked. Fires were set at media libraries, a construction machine in Clichy-sous-Bois, a school in [[Puteaux]], and a tram in [[Clamart]]. Looting was reported in Colombes and town halls were attacked in [[Meudon]] and [[Châtenay-Malabry]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2023 |title=Hauts-de-Seine : commissariats et bâtiments publics pris pour cibles, 34 interpellations pendant la nuit |trans-title=Hauts-de-Seine: police stations and public buildings targeted, 34 arrests during the night |language=fr |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/hauts-de-seine-92/emeutes-dans-les-hauts-de-seine-commissariats-et-batiments-publics-pris-pour-cibles-34-interpellations-pendant-la-nuit-29-06-2023-DGTXL63RAJGBRHCC7VWXFBAVWU.php |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=[[Le Parisien]] |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630085258/https://www.leparisien.fr/hauts-de-seine-92/emeutes-dans-les-hauts-de-seine-commissariats-et-batiments-publics-pris-pour-cibles-34-interpellations-pendant-la-nuit-29-06-2023-DGTXL63RAJGBRHCC7VWXFBAVWU.php |url-status=live}}</ref> In total, more than 90 public buildings were attacked.<ref name="40,000">{{cite web |last1=Pandolfo |first1=Chris |title=France will deploy 40,000 officers to crack down on riots after deadly police shooting |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/france-deploy-40000-officers-crack-down-riots-after-deadly-police-shooting |website=www.foxnews.com |date=29 June 2023 |publisher=[[Fox News]] |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629183855/https://www.foxnews.com/world/france-deploy-40000-officers-crack-down-riots-after-deadly-police-shooting |url-status=live}}</ref> In Paris, clashes erupted in the 18th and 19th [[Arrondissements of Paris|arrondissements]], while fires were set in the 15th arrondissement.<ref name=":riots12"/> Nationwide, at least 150 people were arrested,<ref name=":riots9"/> 170 police officers were injured, and 609 vehicles plus 109 buildings were damaged.<ref name=":riots10"/>
==== 29–30 June ====
On 29 June, over 6,200 people participated in a march in support of Merzouk's family in Nanterre. By evening, tensions erupted and the [[Research and Intervention Brigade|BRI]] were sent to the scene. Buses and trams stopped running by evening to prevent damage, and several communes such as Clamart, [[Compiègne]], and [[Savigny-le-Temple]] implemented curfews, with Savigny-le-Temple implementing a curfew only for minors.<ref name=":riots10"/> Rioters in [[Marseille]] reportedly threw fireworks at police.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Berlinger |first1=Joshua |last2=Xu |first2=Xiaofei |last3=Ataman |first3=Joseph |last4=Kennedy |first4=Niamh |date=30 June 2023 |work=[[CNN]] |title=More than 400 arrested as third night of violent protest sweeps France after 17-year-old shot dead by police |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/29/europe/nanterre-france-police-shooting-protests-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2 July 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701101651/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/29/europe/nanterre-france-police-shooting-protests-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In Nanterre, rioters vandalised the Memorial to the Martyrs of the Deportation, which remembers victims of the Holocaust in [[Vichy France]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Holocaust memorial in Paris vandalized by rioters |url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-748407 |access-date=1 July 2023 |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |language=en-US |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701004157/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-748407 |url-status=live}}</ref> A car reportedly crashed into the a Lidl store in [[Nantes]],<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Meillerais |first1=Virginie |last2=Certain |first2=Rémi |last3=Bourreau |first3=Nathalie |date=30 June 2023 |work=Presse Océan |publisher=Ouest France |title=Mort de Nahel. Émeutes à Nantes : Lidl forcé à la voiture bélier, centre commercial incendié{{nbsp}}... |trans-title=Death of Nahel, Riots in Nantes: Car Crash at Lidl, Shopping Center Set on Fire |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/faits-divers/emeutes-urbaines/mort-de-nahel-nuit-de-tensions-a-nantes-un-lidl-force-a-la-voiture-belier-un-bus-incendie-8c99e8f0-16cc-11ee-ae57-25b1d1d54a03 |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701024939/https://www.ouest-france.fr/faits-divers/emeutes-urbaines/mort-de-nahel-nuit-de-tensions-a-nantes-un-lidl-force-a-la-voiture-belier-un-bus-incendie-8c99e8f0-16cc-11ee-ae57-25b1d1d54a03 |url-status=live}}</ref> after which it was vandalized and looted.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vanzini |first=Pierre-Baptiste |date=30 June 2023 |work=Le Parisien |title=Mort de Nahel : un Lidl entièrement saccagé près de Nantes, les riverains entre stupeur et inquiétude |trans-title=Death of Nahel: Lidl Store Completely Looted near Nantes, locals stunned and worried |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/mort-de-nahel-un-lidl-entierement-saccage-pres-de-nantes-les-riverains-entre-stupeur-et-inquietude-30-06-2023-OVS2TTNUY5BFJDEC6LRYKAACUQ.php |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630135226/https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/mort-de-nahel-un-lidl-entierement-saccage-pres-de-nantes-les-riverains-entre-stupeur-et-inquietude-30-06-2023-OVS2TTNUY5BFJDEC6LRYKAACUQ.php |url-status=live}}</ref> There were also reports of the Clichy-sous-Bois town hall being lit on fire by rioters.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=[[Associated Press]] |via=[[NPR]] |date=30 June 2023 |title=More than 600 arrests after a new night of protests across France over teen's killing |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/06/30/1185268439/more-than-600-arrests-after-a-new-night-of-protests-across-france-over-teens-kil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701053627/https://www.npr.org/2023/06/30/1185268439/more-than-600-arrests-after-a-new-night-of-protests-across-france-over-teens-kil |archive-date=1 July 2023 |access-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> There were 875 arrests nationally.<ref>{{Cite web |first= |date=30 June 2023 |title=Violences urbaines : le ministère mobilisé pour le retour à l'ordre public |trans-title=Urban violence: the ministry mobilized for the return to public order |language=fr |url=https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/actualites/actualites-du-ministere/violences-urbaines-ministere-mobilise-pour-retour-a-lordre |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=www.interieur.gouv.fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701142327/https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/actualites/actualites-du-ministere/violences-urbaines-ministere-mobilise-pour-retour-a-lordre |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> A vigil march was held in Nanterre in memory of Merzouk.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Foroudi |first1=Layli |last2=Olive |first2=Noemie |date=29 June 2023 |title=France unrest: Riots spread, thousands march in memory of shot teenager |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-150-arrests-overnight-unrest-after-teenager-killed-by-police-2023-06-29/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630030231/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-150-arrests-overnight-unrest-after-teenager-killed-by-police-2023-06-29/ |url-status=live}}</ref>▼
[[File:Demonstration in Marseille.jpg|thumb|Demonstration in Marseille against police racism, the speaker wearing the [[Flag of France|tricolor]] sash of an elected official, 29 June 2023]]
[[File:Émeutes Grenoble P1340579.jpg|thumb|[[Fireworks]] being fired in [[Grenoble]]]]
On 30 June, Interior Minister Gérald Darmanin instructed [[Prefectures in France|prefectures]] nationwide to order that all buses and trams stop service at 9 p.m., and to prohibit the sale and transport of fireworks mortars, petrol cans, and other dangerous substances.<ref name="echos">{{Cite news |language=fr |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/mort-de-nahel-au-moins-421-personnes-interpellees-au-terme-dune-nouvelle-nuit-de-violence-1957573 |date=30 June 2023 |title=Mort de Nahel : le gouvernement tente de circonscrire les violences |trans-title=Death of Nahel: the government tries to contain the violence |work=Les Echos |access-date=2 July 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701192741/https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/mort-de-nahel-au-moins-421-personnes-interpellees-au-terme-dune-nouvelle-nuit-de-violence-1957573 |url-status=live}}</ref> President [[Emmanuel Macron]] canceled a scheduled trip to Germany to handle the issue, after being criticized for attending a concert during the ongoing crisis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aitken |first=Peter |date=1 July 2023 |title=French riots: What to know as hundreds of police injured, thousands arrested following deadly shooting |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/french-riots-what-know-hundreds-police-injured-thousands-arrested-following-deadly-shooting |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=[[Fox News]] |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701180155/https://www.foxnews.com/world/french-riots-what-know-hundreds-police-injured-thousands-arrested-following-deadly-shooting |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Willsher |first=Kim |date=1 July 2023 |title=France: teen shot by police given private funeral as crisis grips government |language=en-GB |work=[[The Observer]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/01/crowds-gather-for-funeral-of-nahel-merzouk-shot-dead-by-french-police |access-date=1 July 2023 |issn=0029-7712 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701164714/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/01/crowds-gather-for-funeral-of-nahel-merzouk-shot-dead-by-french-police |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> After an unauthorized demonstration against police violence in front of [[Angers]] city hall had been dispersed with tear gas, the protestors were accosted by members of the banned far-right group Alvarium armed with baseball bats. The situation was quickly defused by police with only one injury requiring hospitalization.<ref name="Angers">{{Cite news |last=Mercier |first=Cyprien |title=RÉCIT. Mort de Nahel : colère et désolation à Angers après une nouvelle nuit d'émeutes |trans-title=NARRATIVE. Death of Nahel: anger and desolation in Angers after another night of riots |date=1 July 2023 |work=[[Ouest France]] |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/pays-de-la-loire/maine-et-loire/mort-de-nahel-colere-et-desolation-a-angers-apres-une-nuit-de-violences-urbaines-48a37612-17f2-11ee-a274-cd245df77ae9 |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705144331/https://www.ouest-france.fr/pays-de-la-loire/maine-et-loire/mort-de-nahel-colere-et-desolation-a-angers-apres-une-nuit-de-violences-urbaines-48a37612-17f2-11ee-a274-cd245df77ae9 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> The group was involved in further conflict the following day, leading police to search their headquarters on 3 July.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Après les violents affrontements, le local de l'ex-Alvarium perquisitionné à Angers |trans-title=After violent clashes, police search the premises of the former Alvarium |work=[[Ouest France]] |language=fr |date=3 July 2023 |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/pays-de-la-loire/angers-49000/apres-les-violents-affrontements-le-local-de-lex-alvarium-perquisitionne-a-angers-e5983bf4-19ac-11ee-a274-cd245df77ae9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705144237/https://www.ouest-france.fr/pays-de-la-loire/angers-49000/apres-les-violents-affrontements-le-local-de-lex-alvarium-perquisitionne-a-angers-e5983bf4-19ac-11ee-a274-cd245df77ae9 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> The rioting in Angers – which included looting of a tobacco shop, cars burned, police targeted with fireworks, and damage to the ground floor of a retirement home – led to 11 arrests according to the prefecture, including "some very young minors".<ref name="Angers" /> In [[Brest, France|Brest]], a new gym and a social center were destroyed by fire, while the city hall annex, two bank branches and a car dealership also reported damage.<ref name="HappyCafé">{{Cite news |work=Le Figaro |title= «On brûle les PD, qu'ils crèvent en enfer le Coran»: menacé par les émeutiers, un café LGBT fermé temporairement à Brest |trans-title="We burn the PDs, let them die in hell the Koran": threatened by the rioters, an LGBT café temporarily closed in Brest |language=fr |date= 2 July 2023 |url= https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/on-brule-les-pd-qu-ils-crevent-en-enfer-le-coran-menace-par-les-emeutiers-un-cafe-lgbt-ferme-a-brest-20230702 |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> When the owner of an LGBT bar, informed there was talk of targeting the bar on [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]], called police they suggested he close down quickly, which he did, for five days.<ref>{{Cite news |work=[[Le Parisien]] |last=Moreau |first=Nora |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/finistere-29/a-brest-le-happy-cafe-bar-gay-friendly-menace-pendant-les-emeutes-rouvre-ses-portes-07-07-2023-Q6QBHPDFKFDFZKMKSCNN64OO3Q.php |archive-url= |archive-date= |language=fr |date= 7 July 2023 |title=À Brest, Le Happy Café, bar « gay friendly » menacé pendant les émeutes, rouvre ses portes |trans-title=In Brest, Le Happy Café, a “gay friendly” bar threatened during the riots, reopens its doors }}</ref> In Marseille, the city's largest public library, the {{illm|Bibliothèque l'Alcazar|fr|Alcazar (Marseille)}}, sustained fire damage. Its glass façade was badly damaged, but rioters were unable to enter the building.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://madeinmarseille.net/140295-violences-urbaines-a-marseille-la-bibliotheque-lalcazar-fermee-jusqua-mardi/ |title=Victime de dégradation la nuit dernière, la bibliothèque L'Alcazar fermée jusqu'à mardi |date=30 June 2023 |language=fr |trans-title=Victim of degradation last night, the L'Alcazar library closed until Tuesday |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701092619/https://madeinmarseille.net/140295-violences-urbaines-a-marseille-la-bibliotheque-lalcazar-fermee-jusqua-mardi/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Meanwhile, in Nanterre, a Holocaust memorial was defaced with anti-police slogans.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cramer |first=Philissa |date=2 July 2023 |title=Paris-area Holocaust memorial vandalized amid unrest following police killing of a teenager |url=https://www.jta.org/2023/07/02/global/paris-area-holocaust-memorial-vandalized-amid-unrest-following-police-killing-of-a-teenager |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]] |language=en-US |archive-date=3 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703074327/https://www.jta.org/2023/07/02/global/paris-area-holocaust-memorial-vandalized-amid-unrest-following-police-killing-of-a-teenager |url-status=live}}</ref>▼
[[File:P1340581 etc émeutes Grenoble 22.jpg|thumb|[[Foot Locker]] shoe store after being ransacked in the center of Grenoble.]]
On 29 June, over 6,200 people participated in a memorial march. The march started in the Picasso district of Nanterre, a particularly disadvantaged part of the city, and led to the prefecture in Nanterre. The teenager's mother led the march atop a white lorry wearing a T-shirt reading "Justice for Nahel" and the date of his death. At her side numerous well-known activists in the fight against police violence took part.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Proteste und Gewaltakte nach Todesschüssen der Polizei |url=https://www.zlv.lu/db/1/1457869440390/0 |last=Klingsieck |first=Ralf |date=2023-07-01 |work=Zeitung vum Lëtzebuerger Vollek|trans-title=Protests and acts of violence after police shots killed}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Foroudi |first1=Layli |last2=Olive |first2=Noemie |date=29 June 2023 |title=France unrest: Riots spread, thousands march in memory of shot teenager |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-150-arrests-overnight-unrest-after-teenager-killed-by-police-2023-06-29/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630030231/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-150-arrests-overnight-unrest-after-teenager-killed-by-police-2023-06-29/ |url-status=live}}</ref> By evening, tensions erupted and the [[Research and Intervention Brigade|BRI]] were sent to the scene. Buses and trams stopped running by evening to prevent damage, and several communes such as Clamart, [[Compiègne]], and [[Savigny-le-Temple]] implemented curfews, with Savigny-le-Temple implementing a curfew only for minors.<ref name=":riots10"/>
Virgil R. (24), a former French soldier, was alone on rue de Craiova in Nanterre, about to join friends after work when he came face to face with four policemen. He was hit in the head by a [[flash-ball]], though he said he had not taken part in any demonstration. He was rescued by two youths on a scooter and brought to a hospital. His left eye is lost.<ref>[https://www.humanite.fr/societe/violences-policieres/virgil-r-autre-victime-de-la-police-nanterre-802994 Virgil R., autre victime de la police à Nanterre], L'Humanité, 15 July 2023</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqKlBDAfiI0 Violences policières: Virgil, 24 ans, éborgné par un tir de LBD], BLAST, Le souffle de l'info, 10 July 2023</ref>
▲
On 30 June, the two police unions [[Alliance Police nationale]] and the [[National Union of Autonomous Trade Unions|UNSA union]], which represent over 50 percent of French police forces, issued a statement declaring themselves "at war", calling the protestors “vermin” and “savage hordes” and threaten politicians openly: ″Tomorrow we will be in the resistance and the government should be aware of that.″<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cohen |first1=Roger |title=France Splits Into Rival Camps Over Police Shooting of a Teenager |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/30/world/europe/france-riots-police-shooting.html |access-date=2 July 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=30 June 2023 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702003507/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/30/world/europe/france-riots-police-shooting.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Samuel |first1=Henry |title=French police say 'we are at war with vermin' as they threaten revolt over rioting |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/06/30/paris-shooting-violence-nanterre-olympic-pool-nahel-france/ |access-date=2 July 2023 |work=The Telegraph |date=30 June 2023 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702023748/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/06/30/paris-shooting-violence-nanterre-olympic-pool-nahel-france/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
▲On 30 June, Interior Minister Gérald Darmanin instructed [[Prefectures in France|prefectures]] nationwide to order that all buses and trams stop service at 9 p.m., and to prohibit the sale and transport of fireworks mortars, petrol cans, and other dangerous substances.<ref name="echos">{{Cite news |language=fr |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/mort-de-nahel-au-moins-421-personnes-interpellees-au-terme-dune-nouvelle-nuit-de-violence-1957573 |date=30 June 2023 |title=Mort de Nahel : le gouvernement tente de circonscrire les violences |trans-title=Death of Nahel: the government tries to contain the violence |work=Les Echos |access-date=2 July 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701192741/https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/mort-de-nahel-au-moins-421-personnes-interpellees-au-terme-dune-nouvelle-nuit-de-violence-1957573 |url-status=live}}</ref> President [[Emmanuel Macron]] canceled a scheduled trip to Germany to handle the issue, after being criticized for attending a concert during the ongoing crisis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aitken |first=Peter |date=1 July 2023 |title=French riots: What to know as hundreds of police injured, thousands arrested following deadly shooting |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/french-riots-what-know-hundreds-police-injured-thousands-arrested-following-deadly-shooting |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=[[Fox News]] |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701180155/https://www.foxnews.com/world/french-riots-what-know-hundreds-police-injured-thousands-arrested-following-deadly-shooting |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Willsher |first=Kim |date=1 July 2023 |title=France: teen shot by police given private funeral as crisis grips government |language=en-GB |work=[[The Observer]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/01/crowds-gather-for-funeral-of-nahel-merzouk-shot-dead-by-french-police |access-date=1 July 2023 |issn=0029-7712 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701164714/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/01/crowds-gather-for-funeral-of-nahel-merzouk-shot-dead-by-french-police |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> After an unauthorized demonstration against police violence in front of the [[Hôtel de Ville, Angers|Hôtel de Ville]]
[[File:Burning rubbish.jpg|thumb|Rubbish burning in the street of Marseille, 29 June 2023]]
==== 1–2 July ====
On 1 July, the national police announced that a group of police officers had been targeted earlier in the morning by two individuals in [[Vaulx-en-Velin]], the first using a pellet gun, the second using a shotgun. Four officers were injured in the attacks, one of whom requiring surgery.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/faits-divers/emeutes-apres-la-mort-de-nahel-sept-policiers-blesses-par-un-fusil-a-vaulx-en-velin-20230701 |title=Émeutes après la mort de Nahel : huit policiers pris pour cible par des tirs de fusil à Vaulx-en-Velin, au moins quatre blessés |trans-title=Riots after the death of Nahel: eight police officers targeted by rifle fire in Vaulx-en-Velin, at least four injured |language=fr |date=1 July 2023 |last=d'Adhémar |first=Margaux |newspaper=[[Le Figaro]] |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702035144/https://www.lefigaro.fr/faits-divers/emeutes-apres-la-mort-de-nahel-sept-policiers-blesses-par-un-fusil-a-vaulx-en-velin-20230701 |url-status=live}}</ref>
In Marseille complaints were later filed against police for excessive use of violence that night. After Hedi Rouabah (21) was hit in the head by a [[flash-ball]], four policemen from the Marseille {{ill|anti-crime squad|fr|brigade anti-criminalité}} (BAC) dragged him into a dark corner, beat him up and left him for dead on the street. A video-surveillance camera captured the entire scene. Part of his skull had to be removed to save his life, and he lost his left eye.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Nejma |last1=Brahim |first2=Pascale |last2=Pascariello| first3=Camille |last3=Polloni |language=fr |website=Mediapart | url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/190723/hedi-22-ans-laisse-pour-mort-apres-avoir-croise-la-bac-marseille |title=Hedi, 22 ans, "laissé pour mort" après avoir croisé la BAC à Marseille|date=19 July 2023}}</ref><ref>[https://www.konbini.com/societe/video-le-temoignage-dhedi-defigure-par-un-tir-de-flash-ball-et-tabasse-par-la-bac-a-marseille Vidéo : le témoignage d’Hedi, défiguré par un tir de Flash-Ball et tabassé par la BAC à Marseille], Konbini, 27 July 2023</ref><ref>[https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/justiz/frankreich-vier-polizisten-sollen-21-jaehrigen-in-marseille-verpruegelt-haben-a-3bb518d7-3509-496d-bf6e-f974926780f0 Vier Polizisten sollen einen 21-Jährigen verprügelt haben], [[Der Spiegel]], 19 July 2023</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/27/man-describes-attack-by-marseille-police-skull-damage-france Man describes attack by Marseille police that left him with skull damage], [[The Guardian]], 27 July 2023</ref>
Mohamed Bendriss (27) died of a heart attack after being hit by a flash-ball.<ref name="L'HuJul25"/> His cousin, Abdelkarim Y. (22) had been shot in the head and lost sight in his right eye the night before.<ref>{{Cite web |website=Mediapart |last=Polloni |first=Camille |title=Un fils tué, son cousin éborgné : à Marseille, une famille brisée par les armes de la police |url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/240723/un-fils-tue-son-cousin-eborgne-marseille-une-famille-brisee-par-les-armes-de-la-police |language=fr |date=24 July 2023 }}</ref> Hedi Rouabah and Abdelkarim Y. both said they were not involved in any rioting.
On 2 July, the home of the mayor of [[L'Haÿ-les-Roses]], [[Vincent Jeanbrun]], was attacked in the suburbs south of Paris.<ref name=bbcnews>{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Paris riots: Suburban mayor's wife hurt as rioters attack their home |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66079408 |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher= |date=3 July 2023 |access-date=3 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702191956/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66079408 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> After the town hall had been targeted by rioters for several nights, the mayor had the building protected with barricades and barbed wire fencing and decided to spend the night there to monitor the security situation.<ref name=france24eng>{{cite news |first= |last= |title=French PM slams 'particularly shocking' attack on mayor's home |url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20230702-attempted-murder-investigation-opened-into-ramming-attack-on-french-mayor-s-house |work=[[France 24]] |publisher= |date=2 July 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703003827/https://www.france24.com/en/france/20230702-attempted-murder-investigation-opened-into-ramming-attack-on-french-mayor-s-house |archive-date=3 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> At 1:30 a.m., attackers rammed a car into the front gate of Jeanbrun's home and attempted to set the car on fire. Fleeing the house, his wife suffered a broken leg and one of their two young children was injured.<ref name=bbcnews/> French Prime Minister [[Élisabeth Borne]], who visited L'Haÿ-les-Roses hours later, called the attack on his family "particularly shocking". Prosecutor Stephane Hardouin confirmed that his office had opened an attempted murder investigation, while Jeanbrun called on President Macron to declare a state of emergency. In a tweet, Senate President [[Gérard Larcher]] condemned the attack, writing, "To attack the life of an elected representative and that of his family is to attack the nation."<ref name=france24eng/>
==== 3–4 July ====
On 3 July, arrests and violent activity began to abate. A demonstration was held in support of a "return to Republican order" after the attack on the Paris suburb's mayor's home the previous day. There were still 24 buildings damaged in the Paris area and 159 cars set on fire.<ref name="calming">{{cite news |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20230704-protest-violence-in-france-falls-sharply-a-week-after-fatal-police-shooting-of-teen |title=Protest violence in France falls sharply, a week after fatal police shooting of teen |work=[[France24]] |date=4 July 2023 |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704125850/https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20230704-protest-violence-in-france-falls-sharply-a-week-after-fatal-police-shooting-of-teen |url-status=live}}</ref> In Marseilles, a gun store was broken into by 30 youths, one of whom was arrested in possession of a stolen rifle.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 July 2023 |title=France riots: Marseille gun shop looted amid fears of increased violence |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66076332 |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=
On 4 July, prosecutors opened an investigation into the death of
Appearing before a [[Senate (France)|Senate]] commission on 5 July, the Interior Minister Darmanin declared the situation had returned to calm. He also indicated that it was inaccurate to characterize the rioters as being primarily of one ethnic group, saying "there were plenty of Kevins and Mattéos" involved in the suburban violence.<ref name="this is the end">{{Cite news |newspaper=[[Le Monde]] |title=Emeutes urbaines : devant le Sénat, Gérald Darmanin défend son bilan |trans-title=Urban riots: facing the Senate, Gérald Darmanin defends his record |language=fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2023/07/05/emeutes-urbaines-devant-le-senat-gerald-darmanin-defend-son-bilan_6180712_823448.html |first1=Mariama |last1=Darame |first2=Jérémie |last2=Lamothe |date=5 July 2023 }}</ref>
==== 8 July ==== On 8 July 2023, "around 100 political parties, labor unions and associations for police reform called for demonstrations across France", specifically demanding the abrogation of the 2017 law permitting police use of firearms for refusal to stop, as well as "an in-depth reform of the police, its intervention techniques and its arsenal." Olivier Véran, the spokesperson for the government, said that the signatories of the press release titled "Our country is mourning and angry" were "adding fuel to the fire".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mort de Nahel : plusieurs marches ==== 10 July ====
On 10 July, French authorities banned the sale of fireworks to reduce further protests.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.euronews.com/2023/07/10/french-authorities-ban-the-transport-and-sale-of-fireworks-ahead-of-bastille-day |title=French authorities ban fireworks sales ahead of Bastille Day |date=10 July 2023 |work=[[euronews]] }}</ref>
=== Overseas France ===
In [[French Guiana]], riots and protests erupted in the capital city, [[Cayenne]], beginning on 29 June, following those in Metropolitan France.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/french-caribbean-france-riots-9b0ecf69ca96d41b65016c27e2195d83 |title=Riots erupt in French Caribbean territories in reaction to unrest in France over teen's death |date=30 June 2023 |last=Coto |first=Danica |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630222424/https://apnews.com/article/french-caribbean-france-riots-9b0ecf69ca96d41b65016c27e2195d83 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=lemondeof>{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Man dies in French Guiana during riots over death of Nahel M. |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/07/01/man-dies-in-french-guiana-amid-riots-in-french-caribbean-territories-over-death-of-nahel-m_6040433_4.html |work=[[Le Monde]] |publisher= |date=1 July 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702121806/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/07/01/man-dies-in-french-guiana-amid-riots-in-french-caribbean-territories-over-death-of-nahel-m_6040433_4.html |archive-date=2 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rioters set fires in several neighborhoods across the city, including the Cité Brutus, Mango, Novaparc, and Village Chinois districts.<ref name=lemondeof/><ref name=fguyane>{{cite news |first=Roman |last=Allimant |title=Mort de Nahel: des épisodes d'incendies en Antilles-Guyane |trans-title=Death of Nahel: episodes of fires in
Elsewhere in the [[French Caribbean]], small demonstrations took place in [[Guadeloupe]] and [[Martinique]]. Martinican demonstrators set fires to garbage receptacles and cars in [[Fort-de-France]], [[Le Carbet]], and [[Le Robert]] and threw objects at responding firefighters.<ref name=fguyane/> No violence
In the [[Overseas departments and regions of France|overseas departments and region]] of [[Réunion]], rioters vandalized buildings and cars, and reportedly threw objects at police beginning on 28 June.<ref name=lemondeof/> More than 70 fires were set across the island on the night of 1 July, which was a decrease from that of the previous evenings.<ref name=journalr>{{cite news |first=Valeska |last=Boyer |title=Mort de Nahel: des épisodes d'incendies en Antilles-Guyane |trans-title=Death of Nahel: episodes of fires in
=== International ===
In [[Belgium]], some fires were lit in [[Brussels]] on 29 June and one person was arrested for rebellion. All told, in two days a little over 100 people (including many minors) were arrested in Brussels and in [[Liège]]<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[Le Soir]] |title=Mort d'un adolescent en France : plus de 100 arrestations à Bruxelles et Liège |trans-title=Death of a teenager in France: more than 100 arrests in Brussels and Liège |language=fr |url=https://www.lesoir.be/522926/article/2023-07-01/mort-dun-adolescent-en-france-plus-de-100-arrestations-bruxelles-et-liege |date=1 July 2023 |author=Belga |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702045207/https://www.lesoir.be/522926/article/2023-07-01/mort-dun-adolescent-en-france-plus-de-100-arrestations-bruxelles-et-liege |archive-date=2 July 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> (where there were no incidents), most of them preemptively.<ref>{{Cite news |language=nl |date=30 June 2023 |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/06/30/relschoppers-brussel-meet-de-schade-op |title=Dag na de rellen in Brussel: Brusselse politie pakt vijftigtal mensen preventief op |trans-title=Day after the riots in Brussels: Brussels police arrest fifty people preventively |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705144314/https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/06/30/relschoppers-brussel-meet-de-schade-op/ |archive-date=5 July 2023}}</ref> In [[Switzerland]], of the seven people arrested in Lausanne for breaking shop windows six were minors, two of whom were not Swiss citizens.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/seven-arrested-in-swiss-city-for-vandalism-inspired-by-french-riots/48635210 |title=Seven arrested in Swiss city for vandalism inspired by French riots |date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702183441/https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/seven-arrested-in-swiss-city-for-vandalism-inspired-by-french-riots/48635210 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/vaud/des-violences-eclatent-a-lausanne-en-echo-a-la-situation-en-france |title=Des violences éclatent à Lausanne en écho à la situation en France |language=fr |trans-title=Violence erupts in Lausanne echoing the situation in France |work=[[Le Temps]] |date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702183444/https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/vaud/des-violences-eclatent-a-lausanne-en-echo-a-la-situation-en-france |archive-date=2 July 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[Canada|Canadian]] province of [[Quebec|Québec]], a demonstration happened in [[Montreal|Montréal]] in front of the [[Eaton Centre]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Une manifestation
== Damage to cultural sites ==
On Friday night, June 30, a library in Metz, France, burned down, destroying 110,000 documents. The day before, in Strasbourg, a mobile cultural project was ruined, and that same night in Marseille, an attempt was made to burn down the Alcazar theater, now a library. Also, on June 30, Strasbourg's Opéra National du Rhin was damaged, causing a performance to be canceled. In a Paris suburb on June 28, rioters tried to burn a cinema. Libraries in two Lyon suburbs also faced attacks on June 28 and 29. Officials, like Metz's deputy mayor for culture, Patrick Thil, were shocked and confused by the attacks on places like libraries that serve the community. The Association of French Librarians reported that around 40 libraries had been damaged due to the riots, most of which were public and funded locally, but some private ones like the Librairie Occitane had been hit too. These incidents had happened in all types of urban areas, including cities and small towns.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-07 |title=Riots in France: Cultural venues suffered damage across country |language=en |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/culture/article/2023/07/07/riots-in-france-cultural-venues-suffered-damage_6045398_30.html |access-date=2023-11-05}}</ref>
== Estimated cost of the riots ==
On 4 July, the president of an [[employers' organization]], [[MEDEF]], estimated that the riots cost businesses around €1 billion. This estimate was based on "200 business which were thoroughly looted, 300 bank branches destroyed, 220 supermarkets that were damaged—of which 25 were burned to the ground—and nearly 1200 independent businesses that were affected". Among these were 150 looted sportswear shops and 400 damaged French lottery outlets. The total figure also included around €500 million of lost business while rebuilding and restocking shelves, and €30 million of temporary unemployment benefits. The estimate was then rounded up to the nearest billion by adding in the cost of an anticipated drop in restaurant receipts and tourism.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2023/07/05/emeutes-urbaines-a-quoi-correspond-le-cout-de-plus-d-un-milliard-d-euros-avance-par-le-medef_6180620_4355770.html |title=A quoi correspond le coût de " plus d'un milliard d'euros " après les émeutes, avancé par le Medef ? |trans-title=What does the "over €1 billion" figure the MEDEF put forward as the cost of the riots correspond to? |work=[[Le Monde]] |first=William |last=Audureau |date=5 July 2023 |language=fr }}</ref> On 11 July, the Federation of Insurers reported that the 11,800 claims received so far totaled €650 million, counting both the public and private sectors. This is three times more than the claims paid out after the three weeks of rioting in 2005, which primarily concerned burned cars. The government asked insurers to increase to 30 days the time allowed for filing and to refrain from seeking legal loopholes to avoid paying out claims.<ref>{{Cite web |website=Le Point |title=Émeutes : les coûts atteignent 650 millions euros, et ce n'est pas fini |trans-title=Riots: the costs reach €650 million, and it's not over |url=https://www.lepoint.fr/entreprise/emeutes-les-couts-atteignent-650-millions-euros-et-ce-n-est-pas-fini-11-07-2023-2527994_4746.php#11 |date=11 July 2023 |first=Beatrice |last=Parrino |language=fr }}</ref>
== Reactions ==
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In the same speech where Macron denounced the police actions, he also called for protesters to be peaceful.<ref name=":9" /> Macron called upon parents to exercise influence on their children. He was critical of social media promoting videos of the urban conflict and complained of [[violence in video games]] which he said had "intoxicated" some teenagers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Crisp |first=James |date=30 June 2023 |title=Teenagers in French riots are copying video games, says Emmanuel Macron |language=en-GB |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/06/30/emmanuel-macron-riots-video-games-teenagers/ |access-date=30 June 2023 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630154457/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/06/30/emmanuel-macron-riots-video-games-teenagers/ |archive-date=30 June 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Macron also threatened to cut off social media in response to the protests and riots, leading to accusations of authoritarianism.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 July 2023 |title=Macron threatens to cut off social media during protests |url=https://www.euronews.com/2023/07/05/violent-protests-prompt-french-president-to-consider-suspending-social-media-tools |access-date=7 July 2023 |work=[[euronews]] |language=en |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707131713/https://www.euronews.com/2023/07/05/violent-protests-prompt-french-president-to-consider-suspending-social-media-tools |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Willsher |first=Kim |date=5 July 2023 |title=Macron accused of authoritarianism after threat to cut off social media |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/05/french-government-should-control-social-media-during-unrest-macron-says |access-date=7 July 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707131543/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/05/french-government-should-control-social-media-during-unrest-macron-says |url-status=live}}</ref> The Interior Ministry urged for calm after the first day of unrest.<ref name=":15">{{Cite news |date=28 June 2023 |title='Unexplainable and inexcusable': Macron lays into police after teen shot dead and Paris riots |language=en-AU |work=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC News]] |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-06-28/clashes-with-police-on-the-streets-of-paris/102536888 |url-status=live |access-date=28 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630000538/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-06-28/clashes-with-police-on-the-streets-of-paris/102536888 |archive-date=30 June 2023}}</ref> Nanterre mayor Patrick Jarry, though expressing "shock" over the video,<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=28 June 2023 |title=Unrest in Paris after 17-year-old boy shot dead by police |url=https://www.euronews.com/2023/06/28/unrest-in-paris-after-17-year-old-boy-shot-dead-by-police |access-date=28 June 2023 |work=[[euronews]] |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629172050/https://www.euronews.com/2023/06/28/unrest-in-paris-after-17-year-old-boy-shot-dead-by-police |archive-date=29 June 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> declared on a 28 June news conference that the prefecture had undergone "one of the worst days of its history", urging citizens to "stop this destructive spiral", and adding that "we want justice for Merzouk; we will obtain it through peaceful mobilization."<ref name=":13" />
According to BBC analysis, the thirteen deaths related to refusal to submit to traffic stops
The [[
Left opposition leaders called for the resignation of the Interior Minister Darmanin and police chief Frédéric Veaux in a row over the police’s heavy-handed response to the riots.<ref name="EurJul28" /><ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2023/07/28/gerald-darmanin-semble-vouloir-faire-cavalier-seul-apres-son-soutien-aux-policiers-en-colere_6183762_823448.html Gérald Darmanin fait cavalier seul avec son soutien sans ambiguïté aux policiers], Le Monde, 28 July 2023</ref>
=== Police violence ===
On July 12, the director of the [[IGPN]] told the law commission of the National Assembly that at least 21 investigations related to [[police violence in France|police violence]] "of very different nature and seriousness" had been opened.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2023/07/21/a-marseille-quatre-policiers-mis-en-examen-pour-violences-en-reunion_6182862_3224.html |title=A Marseille, quatre policiers, soupçonnés d'avoir violemment frappé un jeune homme, mis en examen pour violences en réunion |newspaper=Le Monde |date=21 July 2023}}</ref>
Five police officers from the elite RAID unit were taken into custody in Marseille for questioning in the probe over the killing of Mohamed Bendriss, a man who did not even participate in the protests. Three of them were arrested on 8 August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-10 |title=Three police detained over death of man during France riots - CNA |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/three-police-detained-over-death-man-during-france-riots-3686481 |access-date=2023-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810014947/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/three-police-detained-over-death-man-during-france-riots-3686481 |archive-date=10 August 2023 }}</ref>
=== Police revolt ===
In Marseille, a serious rift between police and the judiciary arose.<ref name="L'HuJul25">[https://www.humanite.fr/societe/violences-policieres/hedi-passe-tabac-abdelkarim-eborgne-mohammed-tue-les-enquetes-sur-des-violences-policieres-se-multiplient-marseille-804035 Hedi passé à tabac, Abdelkarim éborgné, Mohammed tué... Les enquêtes sur des violences policières se multiplient à Marseille], L'Humanité, 25 July 2023</ref> In the {{ill|Hedi Rouabah Case|fr|Affaire Hedi}} the judge decided to keep one of four jailed police officers from the Marseille BAC in pre-trial detention. Following the judge's decision, 400 Marseille police officers filed sick leave paperwork and a [[work-to-rule|work slowdown]] was announced. An online fundraiser set up for the police officers' families had collected €35,000 by 22 July.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Policier écroué, arrêts maladie, grève du zèle… 5 minutes pour comprendre la tension à la BAC de Marseille |last=Vincendon |first=Salomé |date=22 July 2023 |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/policier-ecroue-arrets-maladie-greve-du-zele-5-minutes-pour-comprendre-la-tension-a-la-bac-de-marseille-22-07-2023-XZ2NEQUNDJGCXEO2X5AQYEBEHY.php |language=fr |trans-title=Police officer behind bars, sick leave, work-to-rule, five minutes to understand the tensions in the Marseille anti-crime squad}}</ref>
The Director General of the [[National Police (France)|National Police]], {{ill|Frédéric Veaux|fr}}<ref name="L'HuJul25"/> supported the police revolt and said police awaiting trial do not belong in prison, and the Paris Police Prefect, [[Laurent Nuñez]], adopted the same line, followed by all the law enforcement unions, from Alliance to UNSA. The police sick-outs and work slowdowns, initially confined to Marseille and the Bouches du Rhône department, soon spread to other parts of southern France, and to the Paris region.<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2023/07/25/policiers-la-protestation-s-etend-au-dela-de-marseille-le-risque-de-la-crise-de-trop-pour-gerald-darmanin_6183270_3224.html La protestation des policiers s’étend au-delà de Marseille, le risque de «la crise de trop» pour Gérald Darmanin], Le Monde, 25 July 2023</ref><ref>{{Cite news |work=Le Monde |last=Rof |first=Gilles |title=A Marseille, la protestation des policiers perturbe les commissariats : " On ne demande pas l'impunité, juste du respect " |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2023/07/25/a-marseille-le-mouvement-de-protestation-des-policiers-perturbe-les-commissariats-on-ne-demande-pas-l-impunite-juste-du-respect_6183300_3224.html |date=25 July 2023 |language=fr}}</ref> After a week of police revolt, with “fewer than 5%” of police officers stopping work, Minister of the Interior Darmanin received the police unions, in the company of the Paris police prefect Nuñez and the Director General of the National Police Veaux. The police demanded that their legal defense for work-related prosecutions be paid for by the State, that they be accorded a ''special status'' making pre-trial detention not possible, and that they be accorded anonymity when they are being investigated for alleged crimes.<ref>[https://www.humanite.fr/politique/gerald-darmanin/violences-policieres-gerald-darmanin-en-passe-de-ceder-aux-exigences-des-syndicats-de-police-804452 Violences policières : Gérald Darmanin en passe de céder aux exigences des syndicats de police], L'Humanité, 28 July 2023</ref> According to ''Le Monde,'' of the three demands, Darmanin only has control over the first: whether or not police officers have their legal defense paid for by the State, which he agreed to have studied.<ref>{{Cite news |work=Le Monde|last=Albertini |first=Antoine |title=Gérald Darmanin sort de son silence et se dit prêt à étudier les principales demandes des policiers |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2023/07/28/fronde-des-policiers-gerald-darmanin-sort-de-son-silence-et-se-dit-pret-a-etudier-les-principales-demandes-des-syndicats_6183649_3224.html |date=28 June 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
Left opposition leaders called for the resignation of Darmanin, Veaux, and Nuñez. Former Interior Minister [[Bernard Cazeneuve]], said he considered "[[separation of powers]]" to mean that "there can be no comments on court decisions from those who exercise responsibilities at [the Interior Ministry]" and that order without justice is an illusion. [[Olivier Faure]] called for the resignation of the ''[[triumvirate]]'' for seeking special treatment for police officers.<ref name="EurJul28">[https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/french-left-demands-resignations-over-police-response-to-riots/ French left demands resignations over police response to riots], Euractiv, 28 July 2023</ref><ref>[https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/280723/affaire-hedi-la-police-prend-le-pouvoir-la-gorge Affaire Hedi : la police prend le pouvoir à la gorge], Mediapart, 28 July 2023</ref>
=== Misinformation ===
Misinformation about the protests was promoted by [[Far-right politics|far-right]] and [[Opposition to immigration|anti-migrant]] social media users to discredit the protesters, cultural minorities in France, and the country's immigration policies. [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu nationalists]] also promoted misinformation targeting Muslims.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Dejaifve |first=Aude |date=4 July 2023 |title=Riots in France: Misinformation spread to discredit protesters, French immigration policies |language=en |work=The Observers |publisher=[[France24]] |url=https://observers.france24.com/en/europe/20230704-france-riots-protests-nahel-shooting-misinformation-debunked |url-status=live |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705144750/https://observers.france24.com/en/europe/20230704-france-riots-protests-nahel-shooting-misinformation-debunked |archive-date=5 July 2023}}</ref> [[Logically (company)|Logically]], a British disinformation analysis firm, found that [[Islamophobia|
Video clips falsely linked to the protests were shared on social media, including footage from ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' of cars falling from a building,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulsum |first=Umme |date=3 July 2023 |title=Video from Fast and Furious 8 shared as violence in France |url=https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/fact-check/false-video-from-fast-and-furious-8-shared-as-violence-in-france |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703133018/https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/fact-check/false-video-from-fast-and-furious-8-shared-as-violence-in-france |archive-date=3 July 2023 |access-date=3 July 2023 |website=[[Logically (company)|Logically]] |language=en}}</ref> a video of a fire at a parking lot in Australia,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Ankita |date=3 July 2023 |title=Video of fire at a parking lot in Australia linked to protests in France |url=https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/fact-check/false-video-of-fire-at-a-parking-lot-in-australia-linked-to-protests-in-france |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703133018/https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/fact-check/false-video-of-fire-at-a-parking-lot-in-australia-linked-to-protests-in-france |archive-date=3 July 2023 |access-date=3 July 2023 |website=Logically |language=en}}</ref> footage taken at a music concert in Mexico,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Ankita |date=3 July 2023 |title=Video from music concert in Mexico falsely linked to France protests |url=https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/fact-check/false-video-from-music-concert-in-mexico-falsely-linked-to-france-protests |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703133019/https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/fact-check/false-video-from-music-concert-in-mexico-falsely-linked-to-france-protests |archive-date=3 July 2023 |access-date=3 July 2023 |website=Logically |language=en}}</ref> and a 2020 clip showing a [[Louis Vuitton]] store in [[Portland, Oregon]] in the United States being looted during the [[George Floyd protests]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Fichera |first1=Angelo |last2=Ramírez |first2=Leon |date=3 July 2023 |title=Clip of looting at Louis Vuitton store in Portland misrepresented as French protests |language=en |work=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/fact-check-video-louis-vuitton-looting-video-france-759395903810 |url-status=live |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704125851/https://apnews.com/article/fact-check-video-louis-vuitton-looting-video-france-759395903810 |archive-date=4 July 2023}}</ref> A pro-Russian Twitter account shared a video of a man with a rifle on a roof, falsely claiming that the man was a sniper on Paris's rooftops.<ref name=":0" />
[[Paul Golding]], leader of the [[Far-right politics in the United Kingdom|British far-right]] party [[Britain First]], shared a mislabeled post of a June 2020 video of armed men
A fake press release supposedly from the Interior Ministry circulated on social media. It claimed that Internet access would be temporarily restricted in certain areas of the country. The French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs issued a statement on [[Twitter]] saying that no such decision had been made.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marcelo |first=Philip |date=3 July 2023 |title=French government dispels fake press release claiming internet will be restricted during unrest |language=en |work=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://apnews.com/ap-fact-check/french-government-dispels-fake-press-release-claiming-internet-will-be-restricted-during-unrest-000001891e02d650a7cf1fe68d3f0000 |url-status=live |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704125851/https://apnews.com/ap-fact-check/french-government-dispels-fake-press-release-claiming-internet-will-be-restricted-during-unrest-000001891e02d650a7cf1fe68d3f0000 |archive-date=4 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kirmani |first=Toibah |date=4 July 2023 |title=No, France has not imposed a lockdown or internet blackout amid protests |url=https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/fact-check/false-no-france-has-not-imposed-a-lockdown-or-internet-blackout-amid-protests |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705144740/https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/fact-check/false-no-france-has-not-imposed-a-lockdown-or-internet-blackout-amid-protests |archive-date=5 July 2023 |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=Logically |language=en}}</ref>
== See also ==
{{Portal|France}}
* [[2009 French riots]]▼
* [[2017 French riots]]▼
* [[List of incidents of civil unrest in France]]
** [[1986–1987 protests in France]]
** [[2005 French riots]]
▲** [[2009 French riots]]
▲** [[2017 French riots]]
==
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{{Emmanuel Macron}}
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