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{{Short description|Lebanese politician (1934–1990)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dany Chamoun
| native_name = {{Nobold|داني شمعون}}
| native_name_lang = ar
| image = Dany Chamoun - 1988.jpg
| caption = Dany Chamoun in 1988
| office1 = [[National Liberal Party (Lebanon)|President of the National Liberal Party]]
| term_start1 = 1985
| term_end1 = 1990
| predecessor1 = [[Camille Chamoun]]
| successor1 = [[Dory Chamoun]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date |1934|08|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Deir el Qamar]], [[Greater Lebanon|Lebanon]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1990|10|21|1934|08|26|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]
| death_cause = [[Assassination]] by [[firearm]]
| children = 4 (2 surviving, including [[Tracy Chamoun]])
| father = [[Camille Chamoun]]
| relatives = [[Dory Chamoun]] (brother)<br/>[[Camille Dory Chamoun]] (nephew)
| party = [[National Liberal Party (Lebanon)|National Liberal Party]]
}}
'''Dany Chamoun''' (
==Biography==
▲'''Dany Chamoun''' ([[1934]] - [[1990]]) was a prominent [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] politician. A [[Maronite]] Christian and the younger son of former [[List of Presidents of Lebanon|President]] [[Camille Chamoun]], Dany Chamoun was also a politician in his own right, and was known for his opposition to the occupation of Lebanese territory by foreign forces, whether [[Military of Syria|Syrian]] or [[Military of Israel|Israeli]].
===Early life and education===
Chamoun was born in [[Deir el-Qamar]] on 26 August 1934.<ref name=wofl>{{cite web|title=Dany Chamoun|url=http://wars.meskawi.nl/people.html#6|publisher=Wars of Lebanon|accessdate=27 January 2013|archive-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010024129/http://wars.meskawi.nl/people.html#6|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was the younger son of former Lebanese President [[Camille Chamoun]]. He studied civil engineering in [[the United Kingdom]] at [[Loughborough University]].<ref name=tatro>{{cite news|last=Tatro|first=Earleen F.|title=Lebanon: Dynasties dominate life...|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8ohGAAAAIBAJ&sjid=l_IMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1402,1319470&dq=dany+chamoun&hl=en|accessdate=31 December 2012|newspaper=The Lewiston Journal|date=10 February 1983|agency=Associated Press|___location=Beirut}}</ref>
[[File:Michel Sassine and Camille Chamoun.jpg|thumb|Young Dany Chamoun (right) with his father [[Camille Chamoun|Camille]] (middle) and [[Michel Georges Sassine|Michel Sassine]] (left)]]
===Political career===
{{see also|Tel al-Zaatar massacre}}
Chamoun reported that he had not had any interest in politics before the [[Lebanese Civil War]].<ref name=tatro/> He became the [[National Liberal Party (Lebanon)|National Liberal Party]] Secretary of Defense in January 1976, after the death of his predecessor Naim Berdkan. As Supreme Commander of the NLP's military wing, the [[Tigers Militia (Lebanon)|Tigers]], he also played a major role in the early years of the Lebanese Civil War.<ref name="Jaber">{{cite news|last1=Jaber|first1=Ali|title=Leader of a Major Christian Clan in Beirut Is Assassinated with His Family|work=The New York Times|page=3|date=22 October 1990|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/22/world/leader-of-a-major-christian-clan-in-beirut-is-assassinated-with-his-family.html}}</ref>
By 1980, the [[Kataeb|Phalangist]]-dominated [[Lebanese Forces (Christian militia)|Lebanese Forces]] were under the command of [[Bachir Gemayel]]. The Tigers were eliminated as a military force in a [[Safra massacre|surprise attack]] by Gemayel’s militia on 7 July 1980.
Chamoun was a supporter of the nationalist Christian cause at heart, however, and he soon returned to the cause to which he, like his father, had dedicated his life. He served as General Secretary of the National Liberal Party from [[1983]] to [[1985]], when he replaced his father as the party leader. In [[1988]], he became President of the [[Lebanese Front]] - a coalition of nationalist and mainly Christian parties and politicians that his father had helped to found. The same year, he announced his candidacy for the Presidency of Lebanon to succeed [[Amine Gemayel]] (Bachir's brother), but [[Syria]] (which by this time occupied some 70 percent of Lebanese territory) vetoed his candidacy.▼
Chamoun's life was spared, and he fled to the [[Sunni Islam in Lebanon|Sunni Muslim]]-dominated West [[Beirut]]. He then went into self-imposed exile.<ref name="mg">{{cite news|title=Lebanon's Christians|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Pn8xAAAAIBAJ&sjid=C6UFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1470,378444&dq=ehden+massacre&hl=en|accessdate=6 November 2012|newspaper=The Montreal Gazette|date=22 September 1982}}</ref>
Gemayel's term expired on [[23 September]] [[1988]], without the election of a successor. Chamoun declared his strong support for [[General]] [[Michel Aoun]], who had been appointed by the outgoing President to lead an interim administration and went on to lead one of two rival governments that contended for power over the next two years. He strongly opposed the [[Taif Agreement]], which not only gave a greater share of power to the Muslim community than they had enjoyed previously, but more seriously, in Chamoun's opinion, formalized what he saw as the master-servant relationship between Syria and Lebanon, and refused to recognize the new government of President [[Elias Hrawi]], who was elected under the Taif Agreement.▼
▲
▲Gemayel's term expired on
[[Category:Murdered politicians|Chamoun, Dany]]▼
===War period===
[[Category:1934 births|Chamoun, Dany]]▼
On January 18, 1976 Dany Chamoun was one of the militia commanders that participated in the [[Karantina Massacre]]. After the massacre, Dany Chamoun conducted an interview in which he denied that it was a massacre, instead referring to it as a "concise military operation" aimed at reclaiming private property.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NWwuEIsiZk&t=160s&ab_channel=ThamesTv|title=Lebanon Civil War 1976|website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://raseef22.net/english/article/1070677-karantina-city-outsiders|title=Karantina: City of Outsiders|date=13 November 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://beirutreport.com/remembering-karantina-who-does/|title=Remembering Karantina... who does?|date=20 January 2016 }}</ref>
[[Category:1990 deaths|Chamoun, Dany]]▼
[[Category:Lebanese politicians|Chamoun, Dany]]▼
On June 28, 1976 Dany Chamoun led the [[Tel al-Zaatar massacre|attack on Tal el-Zaatar]] Palestinian camp which resulted in a significant loss of life and displacement of Palestinian refugees. Dany Chamoun and [[Bachir Gemayel]] claimed that they didn't destroy the entire camp out of concern for the lives of civilians.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lebanese-forces.com/2014/10/09/battle-of-tel-zaatar/|title=battle-of-tel-zaatar}}</ref>
==Death==
On 21 October 1990, Chamoun, his second wife Ingrid Abdelnour (aged 45), and their two sons, Tarek (aged 7) and Julian (aged 5), were all shot dead in their apartment.<ref name="LA Times">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-06-25-mn-17158-story.html "Lebanese Ex-Warlord Sentenced in Rival's Slaying : Mideast: Christian is the first militia chief convicted of civil war crimes. Many received amnesty. Eleven associates are also sentenced."], ''Los Angeles Times'', 25 June 1995. Retrieved on 22 October 2016.</ref>
Chamoun was survived by his two daughters [[Tracy Chamoun|Tracy]] (through his first wife Patti Morgan <ref> https://forgottenaustralianactresses.com/2019/06/28/patti-morgan-from-bondi-beach-to-beirut/ </ref> ) and Tamara, eleven months old at the time of the massacre. Chamoun's eldest daughter, Tracy had been overseas at the time of the massacre while his youngest daughter, Tamara survived.<ref name="Jaber"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Lebanon presidential candidate backs anti-Hezbollah platform|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-elections-lebanon-presidential-61c5bbdee9b935b08558e305c49a70af|first=Kareem|last=Chehayeb|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=29 August 2022}}</ref>
===Aftermath and trials===
On 24 June 1995, the Lebanese Tribunal found Christian rival [[Samir Geagea]] guilty of the murder of Dany Chamoun and his family.<ref name="LA Times"/> He was sentenced to death commuted to life in prison with hard labour. Co-defendants Camille Karam and Rafic Saadeh were sentenced to ten and one year respectively. Ten other members of the [[Lebanese Forces]] were sentenced to life [[Trial in absentia|in absentia]]. The case was based entirely on circumstantial evidence and the trial was described by [[Amnesty International]] as seriously flawed. Geagea remained on trial for the [[Saydet al-Najat Church Explosion (Lebanon, 1994)|Saydet al-Najat Church bombing]].<ref>[[Middle East International]] No 504, 7 July 1995; Publishers [[Christopher Mayhew|Lord Mayhew]], [[Dennis Walters|Dennis Walters MP]]; Giles Trendle p.13</ref> The verdict was rejected by a part of the Lebanese public opinion and by Dany's brother, [[Dory Chamoun]], who declared that the Syrian occupation army was responsible for the massacre.<ref name="LA Times"/> Geagea was released on 18 July 2005 when the [[March 14 Alliance|14 March Alliance]]-controlled Lebanese Parliament voted an amnesty bill.<ref name="alj">{{cite news |last1=Aljazeera |first1=Aljazeera |title=Geagea amnesty raises hopes |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/8/1/geagea-amnesty-raises-hopes |access-date=26 November 2024 |agency=Aljazeera |publisher=Aljazeera |date=1 August 2005}}</ref><ref>[[Robert Fisk|Fisk, Robert]]. [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/warlord-gets-life-but-plans-his-vacation-1588238.html "Warlord gets life, but plan his vacation"], ''[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/warlord-gets-life-but-plans-his-vacation-1588238.html Independent]'',, 25 June 1995.</ref><ref>Kennan, Rodeina. [https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19950625/2128197/lebanon-militia-leaders-sentence-for-murders-fans-religious-tension "Lebanon Militia Leader's Sentence For Murders Fans Religious Tension "], ''[https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19950625/2128197/lebanon-militia-leaders-sentence-for-murders-fans-religious-tension]'', 25 June 1995.</ref> This is despite the amnesty bill nominally excluding the release of convicts of "''crimes of assassination or attempted assassination of religious figures, political leaders and foreign or Arab diplomats''".<ref name="alj"/>
==See also==
* [[List of assassinated Lebanese politicians]]
* [[List of attacks in Lebanon]]
* [[Tracy Chamoun]]
==References==
{{Reflist|33em}}
"Lebanon Historical Conflict Mapping and Analysis". Civil Society Knowledge Centre. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
==External links==
Jean-Marc Aractingi, La politique à mes trousses, éditions L'Harmattan, Paris, 2006 ({{ISBN|978-2-296-00469-6}}).
*{{Commons-inline}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chamoun, Dany}}
[[Category:Alumni of Loughborough University]]
[[Category:Asian politicians assassinated in the 1990s]]
[[Category:Candidates for President of Lebanon]]
[[Category:Chamoun family]]
[[Category:Children of presidents of Lebanon]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Lebanese anti-communists]]
[[Category:Lebanese warlords]]
[[Category:National Liberal Party (Lebanon) politicians]]
[[Category:People from Chouf District]]
[[Category:People killed in the Lebanese Civil War]]
[[Category:People murdered in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Politicians assassinated in 1990]]
[[Category:Terrorism deaths in Lebanon]]
[[Category:20th-century Lebanese politicians]]
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