Knowledge process outsourcing: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Outsourcing of core information-related business activities}}

{{globalize|date=March 2012}}

'''Knowledge process outsourcing''' ('''KPO''') describes the [[outsourcing]] of core information-related business activities<ref name="Ivey">{{cite web|title=The benefits and risks of knowledge process outsourcing |publisher=Ivey Business Journal |url=http://www.iveybusinessjournal.com/topics/strategy/the-benefits-and-risks-of-knowledge-process-outsourcing |date=May–June 2010 |access-date=2012-03-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422191917/http://www.iveybusinessjournal.com/topics/strategy/the-benefits-and-risks-of-knowledge-process-outsourcing |archive-date=2012-04-22 }}</ref> which are competitively important or form an integral part of a company's [[value chain]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sourcing cheaper staff the new groth industry|publisher=The Sidney Morning Herald|url=http://www.smh.com.au/business/sourcing-cheaper-staff-the-new-growth-industry-20120127-1qlou.html|date=2012-01-28|access-date=2012-03-20}}</ref> KPO requires advanced analytical and technical skills as well as a high degree of specialist expertise.<ref name="Mierau">{{cite web|last=Mierau|first=Alexander|title=Strategic Importance of Knowledge Process Outsourcing|publisher=Technical University of Kaiserslautern|url=http://www.hrotoday.com/pdf/white-papers/Strategic-Implications-of-KPO.pdf|date=2007-01-17|access-date=2012-03-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Now, BPO moves up the value chain|publisher=The Economic Times|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2005-04-17/news/27485579_1_kpo-process-outsourcing-indian-bpo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209064028/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2005-04-17/news/27485579_1_kpo-process-outsourcing-indian-bpo|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2012|date=2005-08-17|access-date=2012-03-20}}</ref>

Reasons behind KPO include an increase in specialized knowledge and expertise,<ref name="Ivey" /> additional value creation,<ref name="Mierau" /> the potential for cost reductions, and a shortage of skilled labor.<ref name="Ivey" /> Regions which are particularly prominent in knowledge process outsourcing include India, Sri Lanka, and Eastern Europe, especially Poland, Romania, and the Baltic States.<br />KPO is a continuation of [[business process outsourcing]], yet with rather more of business complexity. To be successful in knowledge process outsourcing, a lot of guide is required from [[interorganizational system]].<ref name="Ghosh, Biswadip">{{cite webjournal|title= Knowledge process outsourcing|journal=Acis 2009 Proceedings |date=December 2009 |publisher=Ghosh, Biswadip, ACIS 2009 Proceedings Paper 52.|url=http://aisel.aisnet.org/acis2009/52/ |author1=Ghosh }}</ref>

== Types ==

KPO services include all kinds of research and information gathering , e.g., [[intellectual property]] research for patent applications; [[equity research]], business and [[market research]], legal and medical services; training, consultancy, and [[research and development]] in fields such as [[pharmaceutical]]s and [[biotechnology]]; and animation and design, etc.{{sfn|Sornarajah|Wang|2010|p=280}}

==Importance==

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== Risks and benefits ==

'''Benefits'''<ref name="Prasad Kakumanu and Anthony Partanova">{{cite web|last=Overby|first=Stephanie|date=November 8, 2017|title=What is outsourcing? Definitions, best practices, challenges and advice|url=https://www.cio.com/article/2439495/outsourcing-outsourcing-definition-and-solutions.html|url-status=live|website=CIO|publisher=CIO}}</ref>

* Cost reduction

* Shortage of skilled employees

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== In India ==

India has a large number of post-graduates, PhDs and MBAs who are involved in KPO. The Indian National Association of Software and Service Companies ([[NASSCOM]]) estimated the total market size of the KPO sector in India in 2006 to be $1.5 billion.{{sfn|Contractor|Kumar|Kundu|2010|p=53}} The year before, 2005, it had been $1.3 billion, with [[Evalueserve]] predicting that by 2010 it would be some $10 to $15 billion.{{sfn|Mehrotra|2005|p=46}} The Indian government was predicting that by 2010 India would have 15% of the global KPO market.{{sfn|Basu|2009|p=80}} However, the [[Late-2000s recession|the global2008 financial crisis]], coupled with domestic economic problems such as the [[initial public offering|IPO]] of [[Reliance Power]] in 2009, caused people to re-evaluate these predictions, incurring worries that India's IT, BPO, and KPO sectors &mdash; which by then, combined, were $8.4 billion in [[export revenue]]s &mdash; would be greatly affected by these factors.{{sfn|Varadarajan|2010|p=145&ndash;146}} The worldwide KPO industry is expected to reach about US $17 billion by 2015, of which US $12 billion would be outsourced to India. Furthermore, the Indian KPO area is likewise anticipated that it will utilize more than 2, 50,000 KPO experts by 2015.<ref name= "SIES">{{cite web| title= SEIS Journal of management| url= http://www.siescoms.edu/journals/siescoms/Journal1.pdf| page=86}}</ref>

===Challenges===

The KPO area has considerable measure of potential

development in India. India confronts various efforts by securing itself as a worldwide KPO pioneer. The real test in setting up a KPO will be to obtain skilled employees. KPO organizations include high risk and confidentiality and the greater part of the work would be outsourced from the US. The area likewise obliges larger amount of control, confidentiality and enhanced risk management.<ref>{{cite web|title= Challenges for Indian Companies in the Financial Services KPO Business|url= http://www.crisil.com/crisil-young-thought-leader-2005/dissertations/Smita-Bhattacharya_Dissertation.pdf}}</ref> Moreover, legal language and cultural barriers can result in genuine issues. Both organizations need to appreciate each other's corporate and national societies and find common helpful approaches to create successful participation.{{cn|date=November 2020}}

== In the Philippines ==

The Philippines Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO) services are often called "non-voice" or back office services, referring to activities outside contact center, customer and IT support services. In 2014, the KPO sector comprised 40 percent of the country's outsourcing industry. The Information Technology and Business Process Outsourcing Association of the Philippines (IBPAP) predicts that the Philippine outsourcing sector will reach $25 billion in revenues and employ about 1.3 million people by 2016.<ref name= "COSS">{{cite web| title= SourceFit| date= 25 August 2015| url= http://www.sourcefit.com/blog/why-the-philippines-is-emerging-as-a-leading-destination-for-knowledge-process-outsourcing#sthash.8P2V7DcX.dpuf}}</ref>

The KPO industry is different from the BPO in the respect of that the former is more resilient to artificial intelligence (AI) and automation. With the 4th Industrial Revolution, it is estimated that most job losses will occur in low value-added contact center (“voice”) and other BPO services. Other services impacted by AI and automation include medical transcription, basic 2D animation services, parts of IT technical support and back-office transactions.<ref>Lee Kai-Fu (2018), AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley and the New World Order</ref> Advanced functions that are projected to become more in demand include analytics and optimization engines, automation enablement, clinical data analytics, remote health management, Virtual Reality (VR)/Augmented Reality (AR)-enabled animation and supply chain optimization.<ref>IBPAP (2018), “The IT-BPM Industry”</ref>

Like India's KPO industry, the Philippine KPO sector has evolved along similar lines. Starting with contact center services and low-value back office work like data entry and IT maintenance, the country is now considered an established destination for animation and design and content/publishing KPO services (Sathe and Aradhana, Sourcingmag.com). Back office and non-voice services contributed $1.1 billion in revenues to the country's outsourcing sector in 2009. Former IBPAP executive director for information research Gillian Virata said that the Philippine KPO industry is expected to reach the same market size as the voice service sector by 2015-2016. Non-voice services are already growing at a faster rate than traditional voice services.

===Non-voice services===

'''Banking and Finance Services'''

The banking and financial services industry is leading KPO activity in the country, with global financial institutions providing underwriting, research and analytics, training and consulting, profit and loss, risk mitigation, and other BFSI-related services. KPO vendors also provide strategic research, market research, financial services research, analytics, and competitive intelligence monitoring.

'''Legal Services'''

Companies from the Philippines are expected to compete strongly with Indian providers of legal and paralegal services to the United States. Besides its cultural affinity with the West and excellent English proficiency of its talent pool, the Philippines used to be an American colony, and its laws are patterned after those of the U.S. Integreon is an established legal services provider in the country, specializing in discovery, contract management, compliance, legal research and knowledge management, intellectual property, and due diligence.

'''Medical Services and Research and Development'''

Many Chinese research and development pharmaceutical firms have set up offices in Metro Manila due to relatively lower rental and operating costs compared to traditional destinations. The country also has a pool of 250,000 nursing graduates, about half of which are expected to be employed in the healthcare services sector in 2016.<ref name= "HIMO">{{cite web| title= Philippines Healthcare Info. Management| url= http://www.dict.gov.ph/healthcare-information-management-outsourcing-association-of-the-philippines/}}</ref>

'''Animation and Design'''

The Philippines has established itself as a successful [[Filipino cartoon and animation|Animation and Design]] outsourcing destination. The [[Animation Council of the Philippines]] estimates that global animation industry revenues have been growing at 20 to 30 percent over the past few years, increasing demand for low-cost, highly skilled creative labor. The rise of the animation outsourcing industry in the Philippines began in the early 1980s, with FilCartoons, Burbank Animation Inc. and Asian Animation setting up operations in the country and providing animation exports to foreign companies. In 2008, the Philippines had over 50 animation companies, mostly small and medium-sized companies. Larger animation companies include [[Toei Animation|TOEI Animation]], Roadrunner and [[Toon City|Toon City Animation Inc.]], which employs about 1,300 animators and artists (about 18 percent of the country's animation labor pool. Overall, the Philippines employed about 7,000 people in the animation sector in 2008 and generated up to US$97 million in 2006 and US$105 million in 2007.<ref name= "THOLONS">{{cite web| title= The Philippines Animation Industry|url= http://www.tholons.com/nl_pdf/150508_philippine_Animation_Industry.pdf}}</ref>

== In Eastern Europe ==

Although India has traditionally been a KPO destination for North American, British, and Australian companies, with an increasing number of European companies are looking to Eastern Europe, especially the Baltic countries, to satisfy their KPO needs.<ref>"Outsourcing market in Eastern Europe heats up" Oct. 17, 2012. http://www.bpmwatch.com/columns/outsourcing-market-in-eastern-europe-heats-up/</ref>

==See also==

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==Sources==

* {{cite book|title=The making of national economic forecasts|editor1-first=Lawrence Robert|editor1-last=Klein|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2009|isbn=978-1-84720-489-9|first=Sudip Ranjan|last=Basu|chapter=The economic growth story in India: past, present, and prospects for the future}}

* {{cite book|title=Global Outsourcing and Offshoring: An Integrated Approach to Theory and Corporate Strategy|first1=Farok J.|last1=Contractor|first2= Vikas|last2=Kumar|first3=Sumit K.|last3=Kundu|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-521-19353-5}}

* {{cite book |last=Kaul |first=Vijay Kumar|date=2011 |title=Business Organization and Management: Text and Cases|publisher=Pearson India | isbn= 9788131754498}}

* {{cite book|title=Business Process Outsourcing &mdash; The Indian Experience|publisher=ICFAI books|first=Nitin|last=Mehrotra|year=2005|isbn=978-81-7881-576-3}}

* {{cite book|title=China, India and the International Economic Order|first1=Muthucumaraswamy|last1=Sornarajah|first2=Jiangyu|last2=Wang|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-521-11057-0}}

* {{cite book|title=Global Outsourcing and Offshoring: An Integrated Approach to Theory and Corporate Strategy|first1=Farok J.|last1=Contractor|first2= Vikas|last2=Kumar|first3=Sumit K.|last3=Kundu|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-521-19353-5}}

* {{cite book|title=The Domestic Abroad: Diasporas in International Relations|first=Latha|last=Varadarajan|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-19-988987-7}}

* {{cite book |last=Kaul |first=Vijay Kumar|date=2011 |title=Business Organization and Management: Text and Cases| isbn= 9788131754498}}

[[Category:Business process]]