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{{short description|Art genre}}

{{ForAbout||the technique of performing basic arithmetic|Algorism|the use of massive diffusion models to produce visuals|artificial intelligence art}}

[[File:Octopod by syntopia.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|"Octopod" by [[Mikael Hvidtfeldt Christensen]]. An example of algorithmic art produced with the software ''Structure Synth''.<ref name=Hvidtfeldt>{{cite web |last1=Hvidtfeldt Christensen |first1=Mikael |title=Hvitfeldts.net |url=http://hvidtfeldts.net/ |access-date=2 October 2015}}</ref>]]

[[File:Octopod by syntopia.jpg|thumb|upright=1.535|"Octopod" by [[Mikael Hvidtfeldt Christensen]]. An example of algorithmic art produced with the software ''Structure Synth''.<ref name=Hvidtfeldt>{{cite web |last1=Hvidtfeldt Christensen |first1=Mikael |title=Hvitfeldts.net |url=http://hvidtfeldts.net/ |access-date=2 October 2015}}</ref>]]

'''Algorithmic art''' or '''algorithm art''' is art, mostly [[visual art]], in which the design is generated by an [[algorithm]]. Algorithmic artists are sometimes called ''algorists''.

[[File:Fractal 1.jpg|thumb|[[Fractal art]], 2022]]

'''Algorithmic art''' or '''algorithm art''' is art, mostly [[visual art]], in which the design is generated by an [[algorithm]]. Algorithmic artists are sometimes called algorists. Algorithmic art is created in the form of digital paintings and [[sculpture]]s, [[interactive installation]]s and [[music composition]]s.<ref name="fctc">{{cite web |title=From Code to Canvas: Mastering Algorithmic Art Techniques |url=https://aiartmagazine.org/from-code-to-canvas-mastering-algorithmic-art-techniques/ |website=AI Art Magazine |access-date=}}</ref>

Algorithmic art is not a new [[concept]]. [[Islamic art]] is a good example of the tradition of following a set of rules to create [[pattern]]s. The even older practice of [[weaving]] includes elements of algorithmic art.<ref name="faa">{{cite web |last1=McLean |first1=Alex |last2=Harlizius-Klück |first2=Ellen |date=2018 |title=Fabricating Algorithmic Art |url=https://www.academia.edu/72465153 |website=academia.edu |access-date=20 February 2025}}</ref>

As [[computer]]s developed so did the art created with them. Algorithmic art encourages [[experimentation]] allowing artists to push their [[creativity]] in the [[digital age]]. Algorithmic art allows creators to devise intricate patterns and designs that would be nearly impossible to achieve by hand.<ref name="aawc">{{cite web |date=4 January 2025 |title=Algorithmic Art: Where Code Meets Canvas in 2025 |url=https://toxigon.com/algorithmic-art-where-code-meets-canvas |website=Toxigon Infinte |access-date=20 February 2025}}</ref> Creators have a say on what the input criteria is, but not on the outcome.<ref name="aid">{{cite web |title=An In-Depth Guide to Algorithmic Art |url=https://www.adobe.com/uk/creativecloud/illustration/discover/digital-art/algorithmic-art.html |website=Adobe |access-date=}}</ref>

==Overview==

{{further|Mathematics and art}}

[[File:Algorithmic-art.png|thumb|left|Simple Algorithmic Art, generated using random numbers]]

Algorithmic art, also known as computer-generated art, is a subset of [[generative art]] (generated by an autonomous system) and is related to [[systems art]] (influenced by systems theory). [[Fractal art]] is an example of algorithmic art.<ref name=UCSB>{{cite web |title=Approximating Reality with Interactive Algorithmic Art |url=http://www.mat.ucsb.edu/~g.legrady/academic/courses/01sp200a/students/brentYokota/200a_fin.html |publisher=University of California Santa Barbara |access-date=25 December 2015 |date=7 June 2001}}</ref> Fractal art is both [[Abstract art|abstract]] and mesmerizing.<ref name="fctc"/>

For an image of reasonable size, even the simplest [[algorithm]]s require too much calculation for manual execution to be practical, and they are thus executed on either a single computer or on a cluster of computers. The final output is typically displayed on a [[computer monitor]], printed with a [[wikt:raster|raster]]-type printer, or drawn using a [[plotter]]. Variability can be introduced by using [[pseudo-random]] numbers. There is no consensus as to whether the product of an algorithm that operates on an existing image (or on any input other than pseudo-random numbers) can still be considered computer-generated art, as opposed to computer-assisted art.<ref name=UCSB/>

==History==

[[File:Darb-i Imam shrine spandrel.JPG|thumb|left|[[Islamic geometric patterns]] such as this [[girih]] tiling in the [[Darb-e Imam]] shrine in [[Isfahan]], are precursors of algorithmic art.<ref name=Verostko/>]]

[[Roman Verostko]] argues that [[Islamic geometric patterns]] are constructed using algorithms, as are [[Italian Renaissance]] paintings which make use of [[mathematics and art|mathematical techniques]], in particular [[linear perspective]] and proportion.<ref name=Verostko/>

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[[File:San Romano Battle (Paolo Uccello, London) 01.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2<!--width for very low image-->|[[Paolo Uccello]] made innovative use of a geometric algorithm, incorporating [[linear perspective]] in paintings such as ''[[The Battle of San Romano]]'' (c. 1435–1460): broken lances run along perspective lines.]]

Some of the earliest known examples of computer-generated algorithmic art were created by [[Georg Nees]], [[Frieder Nake]], [[A. Michael Noll]], [[Manfred Mohr]] and [[Vera Molnár]] in the early 1960s. These artworks were executed by a [[plotter]] controlled by a [[computer]], and were therefore computer-generated art but not [[digital art]]. The act of creation lay in writing the [[Computer program|program]], which specified the sequence of actions to be performed by the [[plotter]]. [[Sonia Landy Sheridan]] established Generative Systems as a program at the [[School of the Art Institute of Chicago]] in 1970 in response to social change brought about in part by the computer-robot communications revolution.<ref name = "SLS 83">Sonia Landy Sheridan, "Generative Systems versus Copy Art: A Clarification of Terms and Ideas", in: ''[[Leonardo (journal)|Leonardo]]'', Vol. 16, No. 2 (Spring, 1983), pp. 103-108. {{doi|10.2307/1574794}}</ref> Her early work with copier and telematic art focused on the differences between the human hand and the algorithm.<ref name="MF1">Flanagan, Mary. "An Appreciation on the Impact of the work of Sonia Landy Sheridan." The Art of Sonia Landy Sheridan. Hanover, NH: [[Hood Museum of Art]], 2009, pp. 37–42.</ref>

Aside from the ongoing work of Roman Verostko and his fellow algorists, the next known examples are [[fractal art]]worksartworks created in the mid to late 1980s. These are important here because they use a different means of execution. Whereas the earliest algorithmic art was "drawn" by a [[plotter]], [[fractal art]] simply creates an image in [[computer memory]]; it is therefore [[digital art]]. The native form of a [[fractal art]]workartwork is an image stored on a [[computer]]&nbsp;–this is also true of very nearly all equation art and of most recent algorithmic art in general. However, in a stricter sense "fractal art" is not considered algorithmic art, because the algorithm is not devised by the artist.<ref name=UCSB/>

In light of such ongoing developments, pioneer algorithmic artist [[Ernest Edmonds]] has documented the continuing prophetic role of art in human affairs by tracing the early 1960s association between art and the computer up to a present time in which the algorithm is now widely recognized as a key concept for society as a whole.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ernest Edmonds|date=15 January 2018|title=Algorithmic Art Machines|journal=Arts|volume=7|pages=3|doi=10.3390/arts7010003|doi-access=free|hdl=2086/15275|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

=== Rational approaches to art ===

While art has strong emotional and psychological ties, it also depends heavily on rational approaches. Artists have to learn how to use various tools, theories and techniques to be able to create impressive artwork. Thus, throughout history, many art techniques were introduced to create various visual effects. For example, [[Georges Seurat|Georges-Pierre Seurat]] invented [[pointillism]], a painting technique that involves placing dots of complementary colors adjacent to each other.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=ITI 2008 - 30th International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces |chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4588386/;jsessionid=DOvtuSt2MwDrA91355SD3wddLS9-aYv5BgSeodZGRD4cKKucw7pk!-72395519 |access-date=2024-02-28 | date=June 2008 | pages=75–82 | doi=10.1109/ITI.2008.4588386 | chapter=Algorithmic art: Technology, mathematics and art | last1=Ceric | first1=Vlatko | isbn=978-953-7138-12-7 }}</ref> [[Cubism]] and [[Color theory|Color Theory]] also helped revolutionize visual arts. [[Cubism]] involved taking various reference points for the object and creating a 2-Dimensional rendering. [[Color theory|Color Theory]], stating that all colors are a combination of the three primary colors (Red, Green and Blue), also helped facilitate the use of colors in visual arts and in the creation of distinct colorful effects.<ref name=":0" /> In other words, humans have always found algorithmic ways and discovered patterns to create art. Such tools allowed humans to create more visually appealing artworks efficiently. In such ways, art adapted to become more methodological.

=== Creating perspective through algorithms ===

Another important aspect that allowed art to evolve into its current form is [[Perspectivity|perspective]]. Perspective allows the artist to create a 2-Dimensional projection of a 3-Dimensional object. Muslim artists during the [[Islamic Golden Age]] employed [[linear perspective]] in most of their designs. The notion of perspective was rediscovered by Italian artists during the Renaissance. The [[Golden ratio|Golden Ratio]], a famous mathematical ratio, was utilized by many [[Renaissance]] artists in their drawings.<ref name=":0" /> Most famously, [[Leonardo da Vinci|Leonardo DaVinci]] employed that technique in his ''[[Mona Lisa]]'', and many other paintings, such as ''[[Salvator Mundi (Leonardo)|Salvator Mundi]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murtinho |first=Vitor |date=2015-07-01 |title=Leonardo's Vitruvian Man Drawing: A New Interpretation Looking at Leonardo's Geometric Constructions |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00004-015-0247-7 |journal=Nexus Network Journal |language=en |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=507–524 |doi=10.1007/s00004-015-0247-7 |issn=1522-4600|hdl=10316/43761 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> This is a form of using algorithms in art. By examining the works of artists in the past, from the Renaissance and Islamic Golden Age, a pattern of mathematical patterns, geometric principles and natural numbers emerges.

==Role of the algorithm==

[[File:Judson Rosebush Visions 15101 Computer Art April 22, 1978 JGR19780422 100.JPG|thumb|upright=1.5|''Letter Field'' by Judson Rosebush, 1978. [[Calcomp plotter]] computer output with liquid inks on rag paper, 15.25 x 21 inches. This image was created using an early version of what became [[Digital Effects]]' Vision software, in [[APL (programming language)|APL]] and [[Fortran]] on an [[IBM System/370|IBM 370]]/158. A database of the Souvenir font; [[Statistical randomness|random number]] generation, a statistical basis to determine letter size, color, and position; and a hidden line algorithm combine to produce this scan line [[raster image]], output to a plotter.]]

From one point of view, for a work of art to be considered algorithmic art, its creation must include a process based on an [[algorithm]] devised by the artist. An artists may also select parameters and interact as the composition is generated. Here, an algorithm is simply a detailed recipe for the design and possibly execution of an artwork, which may include [[Source code|computer code]], [[function (mathematics)|functions]], [[expression (mathematics)|expressions]], or other input which ultimately determines the form the art will take.<ref name=Verostko/> This input may be [[mathematical]], [[computation]]al, or generative in nature. Inasmuch as algorithms tend to be [[deterministic]], meaning that their repeated execution would always result in the production of identical artworks, some external factor is usually introduced. This can either be a random number generator of some sort, or an external body of data (which can range from recorded heartbeats to frames of a movie.) Some artists also work with organically based gestural input which is then modified by an algorithm. By this definition, [[fractal]]s made by a fractal program are not art, as humans are not involved. However, defined differently, algorithmic art can be seen to include fractal art, as well as other varieties such as those using [[genetic algorithm]]s. The artist [[Kerry Mitchell]] stated in his 1999 ''Fractal Art Manifesto'':<ref name=Mitchell2009>{{cite book |last=Mitchell |first=Kerry |title=Selected Works |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-QUyAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 |date=24 July 2009| publisher=Lulu.com<!--This book is published by the artist himself, and can be relied on only for his own point of view.-->|isbn=978-0-557-08398-5|pages=7–8}} This artist is notable for his place in the Fractal Art movement, as is his opinion and manifesto.</ref><ref name=UCSB/><ref>{{cite web|author=Mitchell, Kerry |title=The Fractal Art Manifesto |url=https://www.fractalus.com/info/manifesto.htm |publisher=Fractalus.com |access-date=27 December 2015 |date=1999}}</ref>

{{blockquote|Fractal Art is not..Computer(ized) Art, in the sense that the computer does all the work. The work is executed on a computer, but only at the direction of the artist. Turn a computer on and leave it alone for an hour. When you come back, no art will have been generated.<ref name=Mitchell2009/>}}

==Algorists==

"Algorist" is a term used for [[digital artist]]s who create algorithmic art.<ref name=Verostko>{{cite web |last1=Verostko |first1=Roman |title=Algorithmic Art |url=http://www.verostko.com/algorithm.html |date=1999 |orig-year=1994}}</ref> Pioneering algorists include [[Vera Molnár]], [[Dóra Maurer]] and [[Gizella Rákóczy]].<ref name="thp">{{cite web |title=The three pioneers of algorithmic art at Pera Museum "Calculations and Coincidences" |url=https://artdaily.com/news/176944/The-three-pioneers-of-algorithmic-art-at-Pera-Museum--Calculations-and-Coincidences- |website=Art Daily |access-date=}}</ref>

Algorists formally began correspondence and establishing their identity as artists following a panel titled "Art and Algorithms" at [[SIGGRAPH]] in 1995. The co-founders were [[Jean-Pierre Hébert]] and [[Roman Verostko]]. Hébert is credited with coining the term and its definition, which is in the form of his own algorithm:<ref name=Verostko/>

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===Types===

[[File:Morphogenic digital art exhibition by Andy Lomas at Watermans Arts Centre, London.jpg|thumb|''[[Morphogenetic]] Creations'', a computer-generated digital art exhibition using programmed algorithms by [[Andy Lomas]], at the [[Watermans Arts Centre]], west London, 2016]]

Artists can write code that creates [[complexity|complex]] and dynamic visual compositions.<ref name="fctc"/>

[[Cellular automata]] can be used to generate artistic patterns with an appearance of randomness, or to modify images such as photographs by applying a transformation such as the stepping stone rule (to give an impressionist style) repeatedly until the desired artistic effect is achieved.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hoke |first1=Brian P. |title=Cellular Automata and Art |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~matc/math5.pattern/FinalProject/Hoke.html |publisher=Dartmouth College |access-date=24 December 2015 |date=21 August 1996 |archive-date=24 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024222057/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~matc/math5.pattern/FinalProject/Hoke.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Their use has also been explored in music.<ref name="Burraston Edmonds 2005 pp. 165–185">{{cite journal | last1=Burraston | first1=Dave | last2=Edmonds | first2=Ernest | title=Cellular automata in generative electronic music and sonic art: a historical and technical review | journal=Digital Creativity | volume=16 | issue=3 | year=2005 | doi=10.1080/14626260500370882 | pages=165–185| s2cid=16101588 }}</ref>

[[Fractal art]] consists of varieties of computer-generated [[fractals]] with colouring chosen to give an attractive effect.<ref name="fgad">{{cite book |title=Fractal geometry in architecture and design |last=Bovill |first=Carl |year=1996 |publisher=Birkhauser |___location=Boston |isbn=0-8176-3795-8 |page=153 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w5ptaiGsac4C |access-date=28 October 2011}}</ref> Especially in the western world, it is not drawn or painted by hand. It is usually created indirectly with the assistance of [[fractal-generating software]], [[iteration|iterating]] through three phases: setting [[parameter]]s of appropriate fractal software; executing the possibly lengthy calculation; and evaluating the product. In some cases, other [[graphics software|graphics programs]] are used to further modify the images produced. This is called post-processing. Non-fractal imagery may also be integrated into the artwork.<ref name="mra">{{cite web |url=http://www.casperjournal.com/article_bbe58a64-0b86-5e64-8fc5-459eafbe67fb.html |title=Meet Reginald Atkins, mathematical artist |author=Conner, Elysia |date=25 February 2009 |publisher=CasperJournal.com |access-date=28 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420043959/http://www.casperjournal.com/article_bbe58a64-0b86-5e64-8fc5-459eafbe67fb.html |archive-date=20 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Genetic or evolutionary art makes use of [[genetic algorithm]]s to develop images iteratively, selecting at each "generation" according to a rule defined by the artist.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Eberle |first1=Robert |title=Evolutionary Art - Genetic Algorithm |url=http://www.saatchiart.com/art/New-Media-Evolutionary-Art-Genetic-Algorithm/57335/1837679/view |publisher=Saatchi Art |access-date=25 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226013227/http://www.saatchiart.com/art/New-Media-Evolutionary-Art-Genetic-Algorithm/57335/1837679/view |archive-date=26 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Reynolds |first1=Craig |title=Evolutionary Computation and its application to art and design |url=http://www.red3d.com/cwr/evolve.html |publisher=Reynolds engineering & Design |access-date=25 December 2015 |date=27 June 2002}}</ref>

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The American artist, [[Jack Ox]], has used algorithms to produce paintings that are [[music visualization|visualizations of music]] without using a computer. Two examples are ''visual performances'' of extant scores, such as [[Anton Bruckner]]'s [[Symphony No. 8 (Bruckner)|Eighth Symphony]]<ref>{{cite conference|author=Ox, Jack |year=1990 |url=https://www.academia.edu/35788162 |title=The Systematic Translation of Anton Bruckner's Eighth Symphony into a Series of Thirteen Paintings |conference=Bruckner Symposium 1990 |___location=Linz, Austria}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://intermediaprojects.org/pages/Bruckner.html |title=Bruckner: Eighth Symphony visualized themes |publisher=Intermedia Projects |access-date=9 April 2018}}</ref> and [[Kurt Schwitters]]' ''Ursonate''.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ox, Jack |year=1993 |title=Creating a Visual Translation of Kurt Schwitters' Ursonate |journal=Leonardo Music Journal |volume=3 |pages=59–61|doi=10.2307/1513271 |jstor=1513271 |s2cid=61693312 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.jackox.net/pages/Ursonate/UrPaintMv1.html|title = Ursonate: Movement I|first = Jack|last = Ox|date = 1993}}</ref> Later, she and her collaborator, Dave Britton, created the 21st Century Virtual Color Organ that does use computer coding and algorithms.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Britton |first1=David |last2=Ox |first2=Jack |year=2000 |title=The 21st Century Virtual Reality Color Organ |url=https://www.academia.edu/785266 |journal=IEEE MultiMedia |volume=7 |pages=6–9 |doi=10.1109/MMUL.2000.10014}}</ref>

Since 1996 there have been [[ambigram#Ambigram generators|ambigram generators]] that auto generate [[ambigram]]sambigrams.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jeux-et-mathematiques.davalan.org/liens/liens_ambi.html|title=Davalan Ambigram Generator|website=Davalan.org|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://makeambigrams.com/ambigram-generator/|title=The Make Ambigrams Ambigram Generator|website=MakeAmbigrams.com|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trulyscience.com/ambigram-generator/|title=Truly Science Free Ambigram Generator|website=trulyscience|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=30 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930030928/https://trulyscience.com/ambigram-generator/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Evolutionary art|Genetic or evolutionary art]] relies on the principles of [[Genetic algorithm|genetic algorithms]] to produce images iteratively. Artists define a set of rules or criteria, and the algorithm evolves images over successive generations to meet these criteria. This approach allows for the emergence of unexpected and unique visual outcomes, emphasizing the collaborative creativity between the artist and the algorithm.

While this article primarily focuses on visual art, it is essential to acknowledge the existence of [[Algorithmic composition|algorithmic music]]. Similar to algorithmic art, algorithmic music leverages computational processes to generate melodies, rhythms, and harmonies. Composers use [[Algorithm|algorithms]] to create intricate musical compositions, sometimes incorporating [[randomness]] and generative elements to infuse unique character into their pieces

== The Influence of Algorithmic Art on Contemporary Art and Culture ==

Algorithmic art has evolved from a niche creative technique into a dynamic force that shapes [[contemporary art]] and culture. This section explores the profound influence of algorithmic art on these domains, emphasizing its role in redefining artistic expression, pushing creative boundaries, and reflecting societal changes.

=== Redefining Artistic Expression ===

Algorithmic art challenges traditional notions of artistic creation. It offers a departure from the conventional artist's brushstroke or sculptor's chisel, and instead, it relies on [[Formula|mathematical formulas]] and computational processes. This shift in artistic expression allows for new dimensions of creativity and experimentation. Artists now use algorithms to generate designs, visuals, and even music, leading to a fusion of technology and art that redefines the boundaries of human ingenuity. Algorithmic art serves as a bridge between the worlds of art and technology. The [[Algorithm|algorithms]] that underpin these creations are often the result of innovative technological advancements. As technology continues to advance, algorithmic art adapts and thrives, embracing new tools and techniques. The integration of technology and artistic expression opens up uncharted territories, encouraging artists to explore unimagined possibilities in their works.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mazzone |first=Marian |last2=Elgammal |first2=Ahmed |date=2019-03 |title=Art, Creativity, and the Potential of Artificial Intelligence |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0752/8/1/26 |journal=Arts |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=26 |doi=10.3390/arts8010026 |issn=2076-0752}}</ref>

=== Democratizing Artistic Creation ===

One of the notable impacts of algorithmic art is its potential to democratize artistic creation. Traditional art creation often relies on extensive training and materials, limiting access for many aspiring artists. In contrast, algorithmic art can be practiced by individuals with [[Programming language|programming]] skills and access to a computer. This democratization of art creation empowers a broader range of individuals to become artists and participate in the artistic conversation.

=== Reflecting Contemporary Societyviews on algorithmic art ===

Algorithmic art is not just a creative endeavor; it is a reflection of contemporary society. In a world increasingly influenced by technology, algorithms play a significant role in our daily lives, from [[Recommender system|recommendation systems]] to [[data analysis]]. Algorithmic art embraces these influences, often incorporating data-driven or [[machine learning]] approaches to create art. This reflects the growing significance of algorithms in shaping our culture and invites discussions about the intersection of technology, creativity, and human existence. The incorporation of algorithms into artistic creation raises profound questions about the nature of creativity. Algorithmic art challenges the traditional romanticized view of the artist as a solitary genius and instead highlights the collaborative aspect between artists and their algorithms. It encourages us to reconsider what constitutes creativity and the roles of humans and machines in the creative process.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuchs |first=Mathias |last2=Wenz |first2=Karin |date=2022-12-01 |title=Introduction: Algorithmic Art. Past and Contemporary Perspectives |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.14361/dcs-2022-080202/html |journal=Digital Culture & Society |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=5–12 |doi=10.14361/dcs-2022-080202 |issn=2364-2122}}</ref>

=== PushingThe Creativenecessity Boundariesof algorithmic art ===

In modern times, humans have witnessed a drastic change in their lives. One such glaring difference is the need for more comfortable and [[aesthetic]] environment. People have started to show particular interest towards decorating their environment with paintings. While it is not uncommon to see renowned, famous [[oil painting]]s in certain environments, it is still unusual to find such paintings in an ordinary family house. Oil paintings can be costly, even if its a copy of the painting. Thus, many people prefer simulating such paintings.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last1=Huang |first1=Kun |last2=Jiang |first2=Jianlong |chapter=Application of Machine Learning Algorithm in Art Field – Taking Oil Painting as an Example |date=2022 |editor-last=Tian |editor-first=Yuan |editor2-last=Ma |editor2-first=Tinghuai |editor3-last=Khan |editor3-first=Muhammad Khurram |editor4-last=Sheng |editor4-first=Victor S. |editor5-last=Pan |editor5-first=Zhaoqing |title=Big Data and Security |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-19-0852-1_45 |series=Communications in Computer and Information Science |volume=1563 |language=en |___location=Singapore |publisher=Springer |pages=575–583 |doi=10.1007/978-981-19-0852-1_45 |isbn=978-981-19-0852-1}}</ref> With the emergence of Artificial Intelligence, such simulations have become possible. Artificial intelligence image processors utilize an algorithm and machine learning to produce the images for the user.<ref name=":1" />

Algorithmic art encourages artists to push creative boundaries and explore uncharted territories. The endless possibilities offered by [[Algorithm|algorithms]], from generative processes to [[Data and information visualization|data visualization]], inspire artists to experiment and innovate continuously. As a result, we witness a constant evolution in artistic styles and techniques, often blending elements of traditional and algorithmic art. Algorithmic art has expanded beyond static visuals to include interactive and dynamic artworks. These pieces respond to user input or external data sources, creating immersive experiences for viewers. Interactive algorithmic art engages the audience in a dialogue with the artwork, allowing for a personalized and ever-changing experience, thereby transforming the passive observer into an active participant in the artistic process. New forms of [[Stable Diffusion|AI image generation]] add a new aspect to the generation of art.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hutson |first=James |last2=Harper-Nichols |first2=Morgan |date=2023-04-01 |title=Generative AI and Algorithmic Art: Disrupting the Framing of Meaning and Rethinking the Subject- Object Dilemma |url=https://digitalcommons.lindenwood.edu/faculty-research-papers/461 |journal=Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology: D |volume=23 |issue=1}}</ref>

*{{see [[also|Artificial intelligence art]]}}

=== Studies on algorithmic and generative art ===

=== Cultural Impact ===

Recent studies and experiments have shown that [[artificial intelligence]], using algorithms and [[machine learning]], is able to replicate oil paintings. The image look relatively accurate and identical to the original image.<ref name=":1" /> Such improvements in algorithmic art and artificial intelligence can make it possible for many people to own renowned paintings, at little to no cost. This could prove to be revolutionary for various environments, especially with the rapid rise in demand for improved aesthetic. Using the algorithm, the simulator can create images with an accuracy of 48.13% to 64.21%, which would be imperceptible to most humans. However, the simulations are not perfect and are bound to error. They can sometimes give inaccurate, extraneous images. Other times, they can completely malfunction and produce a physically impossible image. However, with the emergence of newer technologies and finer algorithms, research are confident that simulations could witness a massive improvement.<ref name=":1" /> Other contemporary outlooks on art have focused heavily on making art more interactive. Based on the environment or audience [[feedback]], the algorithm is fine-tuned to create a more appropriate and appealing output. However, such approaches have been criticized since the artist is not responsible for every detail in the painting. Merely, the artist facilitates the interaction between the algorithm and its environment and adjusts it based on the desired outcome.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fuchs |first1=Mathias |last2=Wenz |first2=Karin |date=2022-12-01 |title=Introduction: Algorithmic Art. Past and Contemporary Perspectives |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.14361/dcs-2022-0202/html |journal=Digital Culture & Society |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=5–12 |doi=10.14361/dcs-2022-0202 |issn=2364-2122|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The cultural impact of algorithmic art is palpable. It challenges traditional aesthetics and opens the door to novel forms of artistic expression. Museums, galleries, and cultural institutions now showcase algorithmic artworks, demonstrating their acceptance as legitimate forms of [[contemporary art]]. This cultural integration has contributed to the recognition of algorithmic artists and their contributions to the broader art world.

==See also==

{{Portal|Visual arts}}

* [[Algorithmic composition]]

* [[Ambigram]]

* [[Artificial intelligence art]]

* [[Computer-aided design]]

* [[Computer art]]

* [[DeepDream]]

* [[Demoscene]]

* [[Display hack]]

* [[Generative art]]

* [[Low-complexity art]]

* [[Infinite compositions of analytic functions]]

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==External links==

{{commons category|Algorithmic art}}

* [http://www.algorists.org]

* [http://www.verostko.com/algorithm.html Algorithmic Art: Composing the Score for Visual Art] - Roman Verostko