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From a physical point of view, a building is a very complex system, influenced by a wide range of parameters. A [[Simulation modeling|simulation model]] is an abstraction of the real building which allows to consider the influences on high level of detail and to analyze key performance indicators without cost-intensive measurements. BPS is a technology of considerable potential that provides the ability to quantify and compare the relative cost and performance attributes of a proposed design in a realistic manner and at relatively low effort and cost. Energy demand, indoor environmental quality (incl. [[Thermal comfort|thermal]] and visual comfort, [[indoor air quality]] and moisture phenomena), [[HVAC]] and renewable system performance, urban level modeling, [[building automation]], and operational optimization are important aspects of BPS.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Energy simulation in building design|last=Clarke|first=J. A.|date=2001|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|isbn=978-0750650823|edition=2nd|___location=Oxford|oclc=46693334}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|title=Building performance simulation for design and operation|date=2011|publisher=Spon Press|others=Hensen, Jan., Lamberts, Roberto.|isbn=9780415474146|___location=Abingdon, Oxon|oclc=244063540}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite journal|last1=Clarke|first1=J. A.|last2=Hensen|first2=J. L. M.|date=2015-09-01|title=Integrated building performance simulation: Progress, prospects and requirements|journal=Building and Environment|series=Fifty Year Anniversary for Building and Environment|volume=91|pages=294–306|doi=10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.04.002|url=https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/52580/1/Clarke_Hensen_BuildEnv_2015_Integrated_building_performance_simulation_progress_prospects_and_requirements.pdf}}</ref>
Over the last six decades, numerous BPS computer programs have been developed. The most comprehensive listing of BPS software can be found in the BEST directory.<ref>{{
A typical building simulation model has inputs for local weather such as [[Typical Meteorological Year|Typical Meteorological Year (TMY)]] file; building geometry; [[building envelope]] characteristics; internal heat gains from [[lighting]], occupants and [[Plug load|equipment loads]]; heating, ventilation, and cooling (HVAC) system specifications; operation schedules and control strategies.<ref name=":0" /> The ease of input and accessibility of output data varies widely between BPS tools. Advanced whole-building simulation tools are able to consider almost all of the following in some way with different approaches.
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|Pleiades
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|DOE-2<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lokmanhekim|first=M.|display-authors=et al|date=1979|title=DOE-2: a new state-of-the-art computer program for the energy
|James J. Hirsch & Associates, US
|1978
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|Freeware
|9.4.0
|DesignBuilder,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tindale|first=A|date=2005|title=Designbuilder Software|journal=Design-Builder Software Ltd}}</ref> [[OpenStudio]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Guglielmetti|first=Rob|display-authors=et al|date=2011|title=OpenStudio: An Open Source Integrated Analysis Platform|url=http://www.ibpsa.org/proceedings/BS2011/P_1245.pdf|journal=Proceedings of Building Simulation 2011: 12th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association|pages=442–449|access-date=2017-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809022750/http://www.ibpsa.org/proceedings/BS2011/P_1245.pdf|archive-date=2017-08-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> cove.tool,<ref>{{Cite web |title=cove
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|ESP-r<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.strath.ac.uk/research/energysystemsresearchunit/applications/esp-r/|title=ESP-r {{!}} University of Strathclyde|website=www.strath.ac.uk|language=en|access-date=2017-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108100137/https://www.strath.ac.uk/research/energysystemsresearchunit/applications/esp-r/|archive-date=2017-11-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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== BPS in practice ==
Since the 1990s, building performance simulation has undergone the transition from a method used mainly for research to a design tool for mainstream industrial projects. However, the
The Swedish building regulations are unique in that computed energy use has to be verified by measurements within the first two years of building operation. Since the introduction in 2007, experience shows that highly detailed simulation models are preferred by modelers to reliably achieve the required level of accuracy. Furthermore, this has fostered a simulation culture where the design predictions are close to the actual performance. This in turn has led to offers of formal energy guarantees based on simulated predictions, highlighting the general business potential of BPS.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gbpn.org/databases-tools/bc-detail-pages/sweden#Summary|title=Swedish code summarized in global performance network|access-date=2018-03-29|archive-date=2021-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117160506/https://www.gbpn.org/databases-tools/bc-detail-pages/sweden#Summary|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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* [[Energy modeling]]
* [[Computer simulation]]
* [[Energy signature]]
== References ==
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* Simulation modeling instruction and discussion: http://energy-models.com/forum
{{Computer simulation}}
[[Category:Architecture]]
[[Category:Building engineering]]
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